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Sentence Pattern in English (fundamentos de la estructura bsica del Ingls)Lesson 1 (Basic)

Cuando tenemos una oracin es bueno saber su estructura para poder entendernos mejor durante el proceso de aprendizaje.

En las clases que siguan me referir a los trminos de la oracin para hacer correcciones o para enfatizar algunos puntos. Es algo que muchos profesores no dan mucha importancia pero que crea una uniformidad y orden entre alumnos y el profesor.
Hablaremos de :

- Nouns / Subjects / adjectives / verbs / adverbs / complement / modifiers


Nouns : (sustantivos) Names a person, place, thing or idea (Nombra a una persona, lugar, cosa, o idea) Examples: John, love, world, picture, Madrid Subject: (Sujeto) It is the person, place, thing or idea (a noun) that does the action of a sentence and it goes before the verb. (Es el sustantivo que realiza la accion de la oracion) Examples of Subjects:

- George likes boats (George and boats are nouns but George is the subject) - The weather was horrible yesterday. - The bank closed early.
Verb (verbo) It shows the action of the subject. Every sentence must have a verb. (Hace la accin del sujeto y toda oracion necesita de un verbo) Examples:

- My wife went to France. - We have studied English all night. - I am writing a letter. - She works for IBM company.

Adjective (adjetivo): Describes a noun (califica a un sustantivo) - Examples : Blue house , old man, interesting book, pretty woman etc Adverb (adverbio): Describes the verb or adjective. (califica al verbo o adjetivo) Examples: He walks slowly / He studies quietly (muchas veces acaba en -ly)
Complement:

It completes the verb and it is usually a noun or noun phrase. Every sentence does not require a complement. The complement answers the question what? or whom? (Es el complemento del verbo y no es requerido tenerlo en toda oracin).

Modifiers: Tells about the time, place or manner of the action. (Hable del tiempo, lugar y manera de accion del verbo) Verb ate studied Complement a pizza english Modifier last week last night

Subject John and I We

Pronouns and the verb (to be) in the present simple tense (Lesson 2)-

Today we will talk about PRONOUNS and the verb (to be). It is important to understand perfectly these topics because it will help us in the future to understand other more complex structures. Gracias por su visita y espero esta pagina siga creciendo. En esta clase hablaremos de los pronombres de sujeto y el verbo to be. Esto es fundamental puesto que nos ayudara a comprender mas adelante estructuras mas avanzadas. A continuacin la clase:Pronouns : Singular: I , You, He, She It Plural: We you they Verb to be (in the present form): am/is/are Table # 1 (Positive form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions Subject Pronouns 1St I Verb (To be) am Im Contraction

2nd 3rd

you He/She/It

are Is PLURAL

youre hes / shes / its

1st 2nd 3rd

We You They

are

were you re theyre

Table 2 : (Negative form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions Subject Pronouns 1St 2nd 3rd I you He/She/It Verb (To be) am + not are + not is + not Im not youre not / you arent hes / shes / its + not or he/she/it + isnt PLURAL 1st 2nd 3rd Table # 3 (Questions) Verb (to be) 1St 2nd 3rd Am Are Is Subject Pronoun I you he/she/it Complement (optional) a good student? married? your friend? We You They Are +not were not / we arent you re not / you arent theyre not / they arent Contraction

PLURAL 1st 2nd 3rd Are we you they ready? at home tired?

Table 4: Short answers (Yes and no answers) Positive 1St 3rd Yes, I am 2nd Yes, you are Yes, he is Negative No. Im not No, you arent No, he isnt / No, hes not No, she isnt / No, shes not No, it isnt/ No, its not PLURAL 1st Yes, we are No, were not / No, we arent No, youre not / No, you arent No, theyre not / No, they arent 2nd Yes, you are 3rd Yes, they are

Observaciones:

Recuerden que en ingles siempre deben poner el Sujeto. En una oracin positiva o negativa debern seguir la formula (SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT) en donde el complement es opcional.

Ejemplo : - Es bonita - Is pretty (INCORRECTO) > No hay sujeto y en el ingles es necesario - She is pretty (Correcto)

No se enamoren del verbo to be. Solo quiere decir ser o estar. Algunos creen que siempre lo deben poner pero depende de que accin haga el sujeto.

Ejemplo - Juega futbol. - He is play futbol (ERROR) > el sujeto no hace 2 acciones a la vez. - He plays football (CORRECTO)

Es decir, el sujeto puede hacer distintas acciones y el verbo to be solo es para expresar acciones de ser o estar. En otras lecciones aprenderemos como hacer oraciones con otros verbos Algunos ejercicios de Grammar in Use Basic

Respuestas (Thanks to Dinorn from Mxico)

Question words with the verb to be, preguntas con el verbo to be (LESSON 3) In this class we will talk about question words and how we can use them with the verb to be in the present tense. En esta clase vamos a hablar de los questions words y de como podemos usarlos correctamente con los verbos to be Question words are those words that may go in the beginning of a question. When we use question words we do not use a yes or no answer. Los questions words son las palabras especficas que se deben colocar al inicio de la frase pregunta en ingls. Cuando se utilizan estos no se responde con las respuestas cortas si o no (Yes, I am por ejemplo) Se responde con una oracin completa ( S+V+C). Ejemplo : Whats your name? Im David Taylor. (The answer is a sentence) With no question word: Are you Maria? No, Im not (The answer is a yes/no because there isnt a question word) Question words are used to gather specific information. The following table shows the meaning of the question words in Spanish. Table # 1 Question words (verb to be practice) English Where Why Who What / (time) Which How long How often Whose How many/much Spanish Donde Por que Quien Que / Cual (a que hora) Que / Cual Por cuanto tiempo / para medidas Con que frecuencia De quien Cuantos

How old How How + adjetivo How come

Edad Como Descripciones Como asi

Table # 2 (Question structure of the verb to be in the present simple with QWs) Question Word What How old Where Who Verb (to be) is are is is Subject (your) name? you? Juan (the) present Complement [no complement] [no complement] from? for?

Remember: In questions with the verb to be, only the question words can go in the beginning. Nothing may go in front of the question words in full questions. De donde eres? -> Lo lgico seria : From where are you? (INCORRECTO) Recuerden que si algo va en su idioma antes del QW entonces lo mandamos al final en el complemento. Correcto: Where are you from? (QW goes first) Typical questions with the above properties: What is this for? (Para que es esto?) Who are the books for ? (Para quien son los libros?) What is the movie about? (De que se trata la pelcula?) Preguntas importantes con sus respuestas para aprender: Where are you from? Im from Australia Whats (what + is) your address? Its 876 Snow Road. Whats your nationality? Im Peruvian. Whose pencil is this? It is my pencil (Whose = de quien y va antes del sustantivo) How old is Marcus? Hes twenty years old. Why are you sad? Because I am sick. How are you? Im fine, thank you. Ejercicios Gracias a Basic Grammar in use:

_________________________________________________________________________ __________________

Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives, articles a/an and plural nouns (LECCION 4)

En esta clase hablaremos de los Demonstratives (This, that, these y those) y como estos pueden ser adjetivos o pronombres. Tambin hablaremos de el articulo a/an y de como formar plurales en cuanto a los sustantivos. 1) Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives: Singular This That Plural These Those Distance Close to the speaker Far from the speaker

Demonstrative Pronouns: substitute nouns that are understood in context and indicate if they are replacing singular or plural nouns and give the location of the object.

Examples: Whats that? (that se refiere a algo en singular y que se encuentra alejado de la persona) - That is a book. (That es el sujeto pues va antes del verbo to be) En estos casos son Demonstrative Pronouns pues renombran a un sustantivo (noun)

Demonstrative Adjectives: these describe nouns and there position. In this case, you need to put a noun after the demonstrative adjectives.

Examples: Whose is this umbrella? (el sustantivo es umbrella y this esta describiendo la localizacin) - That umbrella is Juans. (De igual forma that describa la localizacion de el paragua pero umbrella es el sujeto y sustantivo) En ingles es mas simple que en espaol asi que recomiendo aprender la estructura sin necesidad de traducir pues en espanol hay mas reglas. 2) Article (a/an)

Como vemos a/an se utiliza para decir un pero a va antes de consonantes y an antes de vocales o sonidos de vocales. (En pre-intermedio veremos las reglas de cuando usar a/an) Ejemplos

Whats that? This is my book What are those? These are cookies. Whats this? Thats your pen What are these? Those are guitars. Whats that? Its a book. What are those? They are computers. * Tambien se puede usar para personas: Whos that? Thats Joe. Who are those? They are my friends (Those are my friends) Ejercicios:

3) How to make plural nouns (como formar la forma plural de los sustantivos)

Es cuestion de practicar y de seguir las reglas. En cuanto a las formas irregulares, se les llama asi pues no hay regla para formar el plural. Ejercicios / Exercises

Possessive forms: Possessive nouns and possessive adjectives (LECCION 5)

En esta clase vamos a discutir acerca de la forma possesiva de los sustantivos y a como usar correctamente los possessive adjectives I) POSSESSIVE NOUNS In this class we will discuss about how to form the possessive form for nouns and how to use the possessive adjectives correctly. To form the possessive for a noun we must add to the noun an apostrophe () and then the letter s. Examples of regular nouns: The boys name. (El nombre del chico) - The boys toys. (los juguetes de los chicos) The girls pen. (el lapicero de la chica) -The girls pen. (el lapicero de las chicas) Example of irregular nouns: The mans car is in the garage. (el carro del hombre esta en el garaje) The mens cars are in the garage. ( los carros de los hombre estan en el garaje)

* Como ven, en los sustantivos regulares tienen que saber donde poner el apostrophe () para dejar el claro si es possesin de singular y plural > boys (singular) boys (plural). En los irregulares es mas simple por que simplemente se agrega el apostrophe mas la letra s. > mans (singular) mens (plural) , childs childrens etc.

FIGURA # 1

Possessive nouns with names: With names we add the apostrophe plus the letter s before the noun or nouns that we want to show possession. Examples: Juans brother is sick. (El hermano de Juan esta enfermo) Miguels house is very far. (La casa de Miguel esta muy lejos) Carlos girlfriend is at the party. (La novia de Carlos esta en una fiesta) * Noten que con nombres que acaben con s no se le agrega otra s sino simplemente el apostrophe (). OBSERVATIONS: We normally use (s) for people. - I went (fui) to my brothers house. (NOT the house of my brother) - This is my moms sister.

We use of for things, places etc - What is the name of the movie. - Lima is the capital of Peru. ________________________________________________________________ II) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Figura # 2

We can use the possessive adjectives BEFORE the nouns to show possession. > This is my BOOK. Thats her pencil. (Possessive adjectives need to be followed by a noun)
* En conclusin podemos utilizar los possessive nouns o los possesseive pronouns pero estos tienen que ser seguidos por un sustantivo. Los possessive pronouns son usados para especificar. En cambio, los possessive adjectives son usados cuando ya se sabe de quien estamos hablando.

Figura # 3

There is and there are, to describe that something or someone exists (Lesson/leccin-6)

In this lesson we will talk about there + the verb to be in the present simple. (Vamos a hablar del verbo haber en el presente indicativo) Structure and Use (there is/are) There are and there is are forms used to express existence of. The structure is: There + verb to be (is for SINGULAR nouns ; are for PLURAL nouns) Examples: - There is a guitar in my room. (A guitar exists in my room) - There are two chairs in my room. (Two chairs exist in my room) The following chart is the forms of there is/are in positive (+), negative (-), and questions (?) Singular (+) There is a {chair, book, man} (-) There isnt a {laptop, bathroom} (?) Is there a {problem, shirt} NOTES: This table is only for COUNTABLE NOUNS. In the future we will talk about uncountable nouns. For this level when you use there is use the article a. In the plural there are you can use some for positive and any for negative and questions (some/any) is optional. Plural There are [some] {chairs, books, men} There arent [any] {laptops, bathrooms} Are there [any] {problems, shirts}

Nota: Estas reglas son para los sustantivos contables (aquellos que se pueden contar o poner en singular y plural). Por ejemplo chair es contable porque uno puede decir chairs. Un ejemplo de no contable es water o rice. Some more examples: FIGURA # 1

Problems with there is/are - Be careful when you translate from Spanish into English. Remember, follow the Structure in English. Problemas con there is/are Esta es una de las primeras veces en que vemos que tenemos que tener cuidado en traducir ya que las estructuras del Espaol u otro idioma pueden ser distintas. En este caso SIGUAN LA ESTRUCTURA DE INGLES. Un ejemplo: Como se dice: Hay algn restaurante cerca de aqu? ERROR: Is there any restaurant near here? Es un error pues restaurant es singular pero any va con plural. Correct: -Is there a restaurant near here? - Are there any restaurants near here? El problema es que ustedes quieren decir algn pero en ingles algn o algunos es some/any pero se usa solo en PLURAL. As que por favor cuando traduzcan hganlo pero siempre teniendo en cuenta la estructura correcta. ESTO ES, EMPECEMOS A PENSAR EN INGLES. No es necesario traducir aunque es inevitable pero es un paso que se da despus de saber y respetar las estructuras de el Ingles.

Exercise/ Ejercicios de there is y there are

Completar: Recuerden There is (a) -> singular, There are -> Plural (se puede usar some/any)

Observaciones:

Respuestas cortas

Is there a TV in your room? (+) Yes, there is .(-) No, there isnt. Are there (any) books? (+) Yes, there are. (-) No, there arent.

There tambin es usado para decir all.

Ejemplo : My brother is (over) there. (Mi hermano esta all) Over es opcional. En este post solo estamos estudiando el there + to be pero recuerden que tiene otros significados.

Dar ordenes e insturcciones en Ingles, Giving commands and orders with the Imperative form (LECCION 7)

In this lesson we will talk about how to give commands and orders and to use please with the imperative.

The Imperative pattern It is used to give instructions, commands and orders. It is a very simple structure because we do not need to use the subject. The sentence is started with the verb or verb phrase and dont is used for the negative form. Positive form: Verb: Example: (to write / to ask / to read / to bring / to take / to give / to be) (+) Write your name on the sheet. {There isnt any subject because it is an order) (+) Read chapter 5 for tomorrow. (+) Be quiet! Negative form: To use the negative form add the word dont before the infinitive without to (-) Dont write on the table. (-) Dont read that book. (-) Dont bring food to the class. Example: (figure # 1)

NOTE: * We can use the word please to make a request or petition. We put it at the beginning or end of the imperative sentence (positive or negative). Use a comma if please is at the end of a request. Dont use a comma if please is at the beginning of a request. Examples: (+) Please be quiet. (-) Dont make noise, please. (+) Bring me my sweater, please. Apuntes del Profesor:

Como vemos, es una estructura simple pero es una buena forma de empezar a ver otros verbos adems del verbo to be. Recuerden de que tienen que empezar a pensar en ingles as que cuando requieren dar una orden, instruccin o peticin (con please) pueden utilizar la forma imperativa afirmativa o negativa. Si no saben el verbo basta con buscarlo en el diccionario y simplemente ponen la forma infinitiva sin el to antes. Ejemplo: No saben como decir No saltes Vas al diccionario y buscas y encuentras que saltar viene del infinitivo to jump. Por ende se dice Dont jump Practice with the verbs and pictures (Figure # 2)

EXERCISES: Complete the sentences using the imperatives (positive or negative). Look at the pictures for help.

Present continuous progressive tense Uso y estructura, to be + -ing: el gerundio (LESSON 8)

In this lesson we will cover the present continuous tense (the use and structure).

The Present Continuous or present progressive tense

Structure: S + verb to be (AM/IS/ARE) + -ing form of a verb+ Complement. Use: To describe actions that are happening at the moment (NOW).

La estructura consta del uso del verbo mas el gerundio. se usa para describir acciones que suceden en el momento. Se usa para explicar lo que uno esta haciendo ahora. I) The positive form of the present continuous. - Remember to use the Subject (this can be a subject pronoun or a noun -LESSON 1 Click AQUI) plus (+) the verb to be in the present tense (am/is/are) and complement (optional). The following is the table of the positive form of the present continuous / progressive. Table #1 Positive Form

Common mistakes: - Students forget to use the verb to be Example: a) My father working (INCORRECT) > My father IS working. (Correct) - Sometimes students do not use the -ing form. b) Robert is play with my sister (INCORRECT) > Robert is playING with my sister. (CORRECT) Recuerden de no omitir el sujeto. En espaol Esta comiendo esta usando un sujeto tcito. En ingles siempre debemos decir quien hace la accin (salvo en el imperativo) Entonces en esta comiendo el sujeto puede ser el, ella, o ello. En ingles seria He/she /it is eating dependiendo del contexto. II) The negative form of the present continuous

The negative form is used by adding not after the verb to be in the present tense form. You may use contractions. Table # 2:The negative form.

Common mistakes: -Some students place the negative first. REMEMBER TO USE THE S+V+C !!! a) Not working my father (INCORRECT) > My father isnt (is + not) working (CORRECT) - Students use the dont/doesnt to do the negative: b) She doesnt playing (INCORRECT) > She isnt playing (CORRECT) III) The question form of the present continuous. We have to put the verb to be + the subject + -ing form + the complement.

Are you watching TV?


Remember that we can use the Question words before the structure: Examples: - What are you doing? Answer: I am studying English with my virtual teacher. - Where is Pedro going? Answer: He is going to the shopping mall. Table # 3: Question form

Common mistakes: - Students do not change the order of the verb to be with the subject: a) He is working? (INCORRECT) > Is he working? (CORRECT) - Students use do or does in questions: b) Do you studying? (INCORRECT) > Are you studying? (CORRECT) IV) Lets practice ! (Ejercicios de practica)

V) Exercises (ejercicos) TAREA HOMEWORK:

Prepositions of place on in at, Preposiciones de lugar en ingles (on in at) LECCION 9

En esta leccin veremos como utilizar la preposicin en (on, in, at) en el idioma ingles. Recuerden de participar con sus comentarios, email o manden un archivo mp3.

Preposition of place (at, on, in)


Part 1: Uses of at, in, and on

In: We use in to specify that a noun (object, person etc) is inside.

Figura #1: Examples: - Where is your father? Hes in the kitchen. - Who is in the room? - Brian was swimming in the ocean. - Bogota is in Colombia. * IN es usado para decir y explicar que un objeto, animal o persona se encuentra dentro de un lugar, objeto o sitio.

At: We use at to refer to a general location.

Figura # 2 Examples: - Maria is at the window talking on the phone. - Juan is at the table with his girlfriend. - Please read the paragraph at the top of the page. - The restaurant is at the end of German Avenue. *AT: es usado para explicar que un objeto animal o persona se encuentra en el sitio de forma general. Es decir, si uno quiere decir: Mi padre esta en la puerta uno no puede utilizar in puesto que in es usado para decir que algo se encuentra dentro de otro y una persona no puede estar dentro de una puerta. Es por eso que en estos casos uno habla de forma general. Por ende seria de la forma siguiente: My father is at the door.

On: We use on when we want to say that an object or person is on the surface of another object.

Figura #3:

Examples: - Your books are on the shelf. - Dont put your hands on my head. - There is an orange on the table. We always say : on a horse, on a bike (bicycle) , on a motorcycle and we usually say on a plane.

*ON:Es usado para explicar que un objeto esta sobre la superficie de otro.

Lets Practice !!! (Part 1)


Figura 4:

Part 2 rules to use (at, in, on)


- Reglas para usar (at, in, on). En los siguientes cuadros vemos frases comunes que van con at, in y on.

Lets Practice !!! Figure 5:

Homework Tarea
Parte 1: Uso de (in on at) Write the correct preposition (on in at)

Parte 2: Reglas (in on at) Write the correct preposition (on in at)

Simple present positive form La forma positiva de el presente simple en ingles (LECCION 10agrammar)

Welcome to lesson 10a (1st of two parts) where we will talk about the present simple tense with other verbs that are not the verb to be. We are going to look at the structure and the use of the simple present tense.The present simple tense (with verbs that are not TO BE)

Structure / form:

The forms (or conjugations) of the present simple tense are two. Remember that with the verb to be there are three forms (am, is, are). To form the present simple conjugations we first need to have the verb. In this example we will use the verb to play. Verb to play One conjugation is formed by eliminating the to > play The other conjugation is formed by adding s or es. >plays So you can now form the conjugations of any verb in the present simple! - to work: work / works - to study: study / studies - to watch : watch / watches - to bring : bring / brings - to get : get / gets - to dance: dance / dances

Note : With the verb to have the conjugations are > have / has (NOT haves)
Now we learned to conjugate and form the verbs. Lets learn what pronouns go with the correct form. He / she / it > with the s form (plays) I / you / we / you / they -> normal form without the to (play)
*Como vemos, en el present simple existen solo dos conjugaciones con los verbos que no son to be (con los to be son tres conjugaciones : am, is, are). Estas dos conjugaciones son formadas muy fcilmente. Una es formada con solo quitarl e el to (play) y la otra forma es agregndole la letra s o es. Cuando comparamos con el espaol vemos que esto es mas sencillo puesto que con el verbo jugar las conjugaciones son: juego, ju egas, juega, jugamos, jugis, y juegan. Entonces si hablan el espaol el ingles vanlo como algo mas simple y sencillo. Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense

Use (uso del presente simple)

Now that we know the structure/form it is IMPORTANT to understand when we use the simple present. This will help us talk and participate in conversations. Without knowing the use, we will have problems expressing ourselves. We use present simple in the following situations: - To express habits and routines. Juan plays football on Saturday. I go to work everyday at 8:00 am. - General, mathematical and scientific truths: English people drink a lot of tea Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. NOTE: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS NOT USED TO DESCRIBE SITUATIONS THAT ARE HAPPENNING AT THE MOMENT (NOW) **La forma y estructura es importante pero es indispensable saber el uso. Es decir, tenemos que entender cuando y en que situaciones utilizamos el simple present tense. Estas es la nica forma de empezar a pensar en ingles. Cuantas veces me encuentro con alumnos que saben rellenar un examen pero no saben hablar. Esto es porque no prestan atencin al uso. El uso les permitir usar el tiempo correcto en la situacin correcta y les ayudara a tener conversaciones fluidas. Olvdense de traducciones antes de hablar ingles. Esto les traer problemas y les har hablar lento. Simplemente piensen y practiquen el uso de los tiempos.

Como vemos usamos el tiempo present simple cuando queremos expresar, rutinas, hbitos, y verdades generales, matemticas cientficas. NO SE UTILIZA EL PRESENT SIMPLE PARA EXPRESAR UNA ACCION QUE ESTA SUCEDIENDO EN EL MOMENTO: Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense Common errors: Remember that when we use other verbs we DO NOT use the verb to be: - Im have two sisters (INCORRECT) I have two sisters (Correct) - She is plays in the park (INCORRECT) She plays in the park (Correct)
*Recuerden de no usar el verbo to be cuando quieran expresar otra accin. I va con am solo cuando ustedes quieran decir estoy o soy. SI quieren decir: Yo juego, no es posible decir I am play puesto que estn diciendo que yo soy/estoy jugar.

Figure # 2: Lets practice

Figure # 3 (Look at the pictures and practice)

HOMEWORK

The Present Simple, forma negativa y preguntas interrogativa- Question and negative form (LECCION 10b)

Este es la segunda parte de la leccin 10 que es llamada leccin 10b. En la primera leccin (10a) vimos la forma positiva de los verbos que no son to be y aprendimos como conjugarlos. Ahora veremos y estudiaremos juntos la forma negativa y de pregunta.

The Simple Present tense

Negative form
The structure of the negative structure is formed by adding the auxiliaries do or does plus the negation not Do + not > dont Does + not > doesnt

These auxiliaries are used TO HELP you. When you use the auxiliary the verb is always in its simple. Remember: In positive we had 2 conjugations for every verb (not to be) - play/plays , work/works, study/studies, watch/watches, etc The conjugation is simple: HE / SHE / IT - with the s form and I / WE / YOU / THEY - simple form Examples: My brother works for IBM. My parents live in Paris. IN THE NEGATIVE FORM THE AUXILIARY CHANGES FORM AND NOT THE VERB. He / she / it + doesnt + verb (simple form) I / We / You / They + dont + verb (simple form) Figura #1:

Lets Practice
Nota del profesor:Como vemos, lo que se conjuga en la forma negativa es el auxiliar y no el verbo. Es decir, uno va elejir entre dont y el doesnt pero el verbo SIEMPRE estara en su forma simple (sin la terminacin s)

Question form
The question structure is formed by following the following structure Question word + [do / does + SUBJECT + Verb (simple form)] + Complement We use the auxiliaries do and does in the question form and they have to agree with the subject The conjugation is the following: Does > he/she/it Do -> I/we/you/they

The verb ALWAYS stays in the simple form (not with the s form)

Short Answers
Las respuestas cortas son con los auxiliares do y does con la forma positiva y dont y doesnt con la forma negativa. La respuesta corta se refiere a cuando responde solo si o no. Do you study English for free in InglesTotal? -> Yes, I do Yes, (I, you, we, you, they) do. No, ( (I, you, we, you, they) dont. Yes, (he,she,it does)- No, (he,she,it )doesnt Figura #2

Figura #3

Lets Practice

Conclusion:
The auxiliaries appear in the negative and question form with the verbs that are not to be. Example: (+) Juan plays soccer. (-) He doesnt play soccer. (?) Does he play soccer? *VERB TO BE (NO AUXILIARIES!!!) (+) She is a teacher (-) She isnt a teacher. (?) Is she a teacher? Nota: Recuerden que cuando usen el verbo to be (es decir cualquier conjugacion de ser o estar en el presente) no se usan los auxiliares puesto que estos se usan solo con los demas verbos y en negativo y en pregunta)

Tarea / Homework
I) Cambie las oraciones de formpositiva a forma negativa

II) Escriba la forma de pregintas de las siguientes oraciones

III) Llene los vacios con la forma correcta de los auxiliares.

Prepositions of place Preposiciones de lugar (LESSON 11)

Welcome !!! In this lesson (leccin 11)we will talk about more prepositions of place. Remember that we studied the prepositions of place in lesson Propositions of place Clase muy sencilla pues veremos algunas prepociciones de lugar. Estudiaremos los siguientes next to, between, in front of, behind (in back of), across from, by (beside), under, below and above) FIGURA # 1

Examples: - Adam is next to Bob - Bob is between Don and Adam, -Don is in front of Bob and Carla - Carla is behind (in back of) Don Figura # 2

Examples: Anne is across from (opposite) Christa FIGURA # 3

Example: - The man is by (next to) the window FIGURE # 4

Example: - The Cat is under the table. - The girl is under the tree. FIGURA #5

Examples: - A is above B and B is below A ** NOTA: SIEMPRE SE DICE ON THE LEFT y ON THE RIGHT

Lets Practice (FIGURA # 6)

Exercices (oral) IN AUDIO FIGURA #7

Exercices 1) The cat is ________ the table 2) Theres a big tree ________ the house 3) The plane if flying _______ the clouds 4) Shes standing __________ the piano. 5) The movie theater is _________ the right 6) Hes sitting _________ the phone 7) The calendar is __________ the clock 8 ) The cabinet is ________ the sink. 9) There are some shoes _________ the bed. 10) The plant is _________ the piano.

11) Paul is sitting _________ Anna. 12) In Japan people drive ________ the left.

Object Pronouns Pronombres de objeto en ingls (LECCION 12)

En esta leccin hablaremos de los object pronouns y para esto es importamte que entiendan bien los subject / subjective pronouns (LECCIN 2)

Object Pronouns:
Definition:: It is a pronoun that is used as an object in the sentence. Remember: A subjective or subject pronoun does the action and goes BEFORE the verb while object pronouns go AFTER the verb. OBJECT PRONOUNS : SINGULAR: > Me (first person) You (2nd) Her / him / it (third person) PLURAL > Us (1st) You (2nd) Them (3rd) Figura 1

** No confundir con los possessive adjectives : my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their (VER LECCION 5 AQUI) Figura # 2

* Como vemos los object pronouns reciben la action del verbo y pueden ser direct or indirect objects. EN espaol esto se entiende como me, le, se, nos, os etc.. En ingles

siempre que hay un object pronoun hay que colocarlo en la oracin (al igual que con el subject pronoun). Otros Ejemplos: Imaginense que ven unos zapatos y dicen Me gustan. Esto en ingles no es I like o peor Me like. Primero que I like esta incompleto puesto que no se dice elo objeto. Me like es una patada a mi higado puesto que los object pronouns nunca hacen la accin. Lo corrcto es. I like them. (them por que se refiere a zapatos) - La oracion: Quiero darle un beso. > I want to give her a kiss. (suponiendo que el objeto es una mujer) Ejemplo: Le quiero mucho. >> Quien quiere (subject) a quien quiere (object) I love him/her. (Como vemos no hay tcito y se debe poner el I y tambien el objecto (en este caso indirecto) him her o tambien it deacuerdo al contexto.

Lets Practice
Circle the correct pronouns 1) We/Us usually see they/them. 2) I/Me write to she/her everyday. 3) He/Him loves her/she very much but she/her doesnt love he/him. 4) Please dont wait for she/her. 5) Do you like he/him?

Homework / Tarea

Adverbs of frequency Adverbios de frecuencia (LECCION 13) Es esta leccin hablaremos de los adverbios de frecuencia. La utilizaremos con el Present Simple Tense puesto que sabemos que esta estructura es para describir acciones rutinarias.

Adverbs of Frequency

We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do things. Adverbs of frequency go before all verbs EXCEPT the verb to be.
De menos a mas: Never hardly ever rarely (seldom) sometimes usually (often)- always Note 1: Remember that with never and hardly ever we use POSITIVE sentences. Example: - We dont never smoke. (INCORRECT) - We never smoke. Note 2: With dont and doesnt we use the adverb of frequency after these and before the verb. Example: - We dont usually travel. Note 3: Sometimes can go at the beginning of the sentence. (Sometimes puede ir al comienzo de una oracin) The adverbs of frequency answer the typical question starting with How often.

Examples: 1) How often do you brush your teeth? I always brush my teeth 2) How often does your mother cook? She seldom/rarely cooks. 3) How often is Claudio late for class. He is never late for class ** How often = Con que frecuencia. Para decir la horas exacta uno tambien puede preguntar (What time?) Para responder la hora exacta utilizamos la preposicion at antes de la hora. Ejemplo: What time do you wake up? I wake up at 7:00 am.

Lets Practice
Before we practice we need to learn some common verbs that we do everyday. FIGURA # 1

_________________________________________________________________

Ejerccicios:
Complete the sentences with an adverb of frequency 1) They _________ drive. They dont have a car. 2) I _______ eat turkey. (Only at Christmas) 3) She doesnt have a watch so shes _________ late. 4) We __________ get up at 8:00, except Saturdays and Sundays. 5) I ________ play tennis (when I have time)

Homework (Tarea)

Modal verb Can and Could Ability (LECCION 14)

En esta leccin numero 14 hablaremos del uso de Can y Could (poder). Gracias por el apoyo de todos y por sus comentarios. Para ver la leccin escrita hacer click en leer mas o read more.

Modal Verbs Can and Could (to talk about abilities)


We can use can (for present) and (could) for past to talk about abilities. The form of the modal verbs are very simple. All the verbs go with the same modal verb plus the infinitive without to. Example: Maria can play the piano very well. (Maria has the ability of playing the piano) They can play soccer. I can speak English. ** Can y Could se utiliza para describir acciones referentes a habilidades. La forma es muy simple ya que va con una sola conjugacin para todoas las personas. Can es para describir habilidades en el tiempo presente y Could para habilidades en el pasado.

Positive and Negative form (Modal Verb Can/could)


Figura 1

Modal Verb |
| |

Subject I you he she

Infinitivo without to | | VERB Simple form (DANCE) |

CAN / COULD
| | |

it | we you they

Ejemplos:

1) Can you play the guitar? 2) Can your sister speak French? 3) Can they dance salsa? **BONUS En el bsico solo quiero que se enfoquen en usar can y could para describir habilidades pero can y could tambien pueden ser usados para pedir favores. En este caso Can = Could Ejemplo: 1) Can / Could you open the door please? 2) Can /Could they bring more beers?

Short Answers
Yes, ( I you he she it we they) can/could No ,( I you he she it we they ) cant/couldnt

Exercises / Ejercicios (Figura 3)

lesson 15 Simple Past: Verb To be El Pasado de ser/estar

Today we will look at the Simple Past tense with the verb to be. We are half way through the basic level course. Thank you for all your support! Vamos a estudiar por primera vez el pasado (pretrito indefinido en espaol) con el verbo to be (ser / estar) Es muy parecido al presente asi que como referencia tomare las clases anteriores.

The Simple Past Tense (with the verb to be)


Similar to the Present simple tense, The simple past is divided in two main parts. The form with the to be and with other verbs Quiero que quede claro que esta regla que vamos a aprender a continuacin es solo para las conjugaciones del verbo ser y estar. Si utilizan otros verbos llevar otra forma. Es muy similar al Present Tense Si recuerdan bien, con los verbos to be la regla era distinta que con los demas verbos. Por favor si esto no esta claro visiten las siguientes lecciones: Forma del PRESENT TENSE (VERBO TO BE) - LECCION 2 : The present tenes Verb To be (Positive and Negative) - LECCION 3 : The present tense Verb To be (Question form) Forma del PRESENT TENSE (Other Verbs) - LECCION 10a : The present simple tense OTHER VERBS (Positive) - LECCION 10b : The present simple tense OTHER VERBS (negative form and questions) Lets remember the Simple Present Tense with the verb to be FIGURA 1

It is quite simple. We DO NOT use auxiliaries (do, does, dont and doesnt) To form the negative we just add the not and for questions we just switch the SUBJECT and the VERB TO BE.

We do EXACTLY THE SAME with the Past Simple tense: PLEASE LOOK AT THE FIGURE: FIGURA 2 LA FORMA SIMPLE PAST TENSE VERB TO BE (WAS / WERE)

In present tense we used: Am / Is / Are NOW IN PAST TENSE WE USE ONLY 2 CONJUGATIONS! >>> WAS & WERE I/He / she / it was (Positive) Wasnt (Negative) we / you / They were (Positive) Werent (Negative)

Short Answers
Look at the next table. This is how we answer yes/no questions

Lets Practice

Homework

Notas del profesor: Como vemos, el Simple Past Tense con los verbos to be es casi igual al Simple Present tense son el verbo to be. La diferencia es que en vez de usar las conjugaciones AM/IS/ARE vamos a utilizar WAS/WERE.

The Simple Past Tense OTHER VERBS LECCION 16a

Esta leccion esta dividida en 2 partes (a y b) y va a ensear como construir oraciones en el PAST TENSE con los otros verbos (Verbos que no son to be; es decir que no sean del verbo ser o estar) - Letras de la CANCION A CONTINUACION: LETRAS DE LA CANCION EVERYTHING CHANGES DE STAIND The Simple past tense

Syntax (POSITIVE FORM): I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + VERB (PAST FORM) + Complement
ESTO QUIERE DECIR QUE PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS HAY UNA SOLO CONJUGACION . Lo nico que hay que aprender es a formar esta conjugacin. Esto depende si es REGULAR o IRREGULAR verb. The verb in the past simple form can be REGULAR or IRREGULAR

Regular Verbs:

To from the irregular from we need to add ed to the infinitive form. For example: to watch -> watched | to talk -> talked | to wash -> washed (FIGURA 1)

REGLAS DE DELETREO

PRACTICE (Regular verb spelling) FIGURA 2 EXAMPLES: NO IMPORTA CUAL ES EL SUJETO: SIEMPRE LLEVARA LA MISMA CONJUGACION 1) Maria played soccer last week. 2) Pedro and Juan watched TV yesterday 3) We studied for the test but we all failed. 4) They talked on the phone for two hours last night.

Irregular verbs

The past forms of the irregular forms DO NOT end in -ed. They have different forms and we need to learn them gradually. Here is a list to begin with: (FIGURA 3)

Exercises : ASI SEA REGULAR O IRREGULAR TODAS LAS PERSONAS LLEVARAN LA MISMA CONJUGACION

1) We went to the movies last weekend 2) They were hungry and ate the whole chicken. 3) She went to the mall and spent a lot of money. 4) Diego got up very late. 5) I came home early yesterday.

PRACTICE

Lets Practice
Complete the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in the past simple tense

Homework (Tarea)

CONCLUSION
Hemos aprendido la forma del SIMPLE PAST con los demas verbos (que no son to be) pero solo en la forma affirmativa. RECUERDEN:

Simple Past Negative and question form LECCION 16b

Estudiaremos el PASADO SIMPLE (THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE Con verbos que no son to be) In this lesson we will talk about the past simple tense with other verbs (NOT THE VERB TO BE) in the negative and question form. En esta leccin aprenderemos la forma negativa y positiva del tiempo PAST SIMPLE con verbos que no son ser o estar. Recuerden de repasar las lecciones anteriores y de siempre practicar. (LAS RESPUESTAS DE LA TAREA ESTAN AL FINAL DE LOS AUDIOS) The past simple tense (NEGATIVE FORM) Remember: To form the past simple in the positive we need to conjugate the verb to the past form. This past form may be in the regular and irregular form. Regular : verbs that end in -ed - worked / studied / finished / stayed / liked / watched / worked / lived etc Irregular: verb change form - ate / went / bought / read (pronunciado como red) / got up / woke up / spent etc

To form the positive: S +V +C I / you / he / she / it / we / you /they - went - to the park ** RECUERDEN QUE TODAS LAS PERSONAS USAN 1 SOLA CONJUGACION

NEGATIVE FORM:
In the negative form we need to use the auxiliary did + not (didnt). remember that when we use the auxiliary we put the verb in the INFINITIVE form. The auxiliary didnt is used in the negative form with verbs that are not to be. DO NOT USE DIDNT WITH WAS OR WERE!!! TABLE # 1 Subject I You She He It We They Ejemplos (TABLE # 2): Positive form I went to school She studied all night They ate a lot We had lunch

Auxiliary (did) + not

Infinitive Study Work Play

Did not (didnt)

Go Eat Arrive Live

Negative form I didnt go to school She didnt study all night They didnt eat a lot We didnt have lunch

Simple Past (QUESTION FORM) TABLE # 3:

In the question form we need to use the auxiliary Did and we have to write the verb in the INFINITIVE form Auxiliary (Did) || Subject I Infinitive Study

| | Did | | |

You He She It We You They

Work Play Go Eat Arrive Live Sleep

We can also place the question word before this structure.

QW + DID + Subject+ Verb (Infinitive) Examples: - What did you do yesterday? - Where did Maria go last week? - What time did Pedro leave the party? - When did Sarah get married? - How many bottles of beer did they drink?

Lets compare present simple with past simple

TABLE: 4 Present Simple (-) I dont study (-) She doesnt work (?) Does she study? (?) Do you like movies? Past Simple I didnt study She didnt work Did she study? Did you like the movie?

*** Como vemos en esta comparacin, lo nico que cambia es el auxiliar. Recuerden que el auxiliar DID (ademas de do y does) APARECEN EL LA FORMA NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA CON VERBOS QUE NO SON TOBE.

Short Answers (respuestas cortas)

Examples: Did you see Pam yesterday? No, I didnt. Did it rain on Sunday? Yes, it did. Did Helen come to the party? No, she didnt. Did your parents have a good trip? Yes, they did.

MARCADORES DE TIEMPO DEL PASADO: TABLE 5

Examples: - I studied English last night. - She finished school 3 years ago. - Martin wanted to go to the movies yesterday. - We went to New York 5 months ago.

Lets Practice

HOMEWORK / TAREA

Going to Future LECCION 17

Today we are going to talk about plans in the future using going to. En esta LECCION 17 hablaremos de como expresar planes en el futuro. Hoy les presentamos un nuevo tiempo que esta relacionado al futuro. Se trata de la estructura going to. Es muy similar al PRESENT CONTINUOUS ya que requiere del verbo to be y going es el verbo go mas la terminacin ing conocido como GERUND.

Tengo que hacerles recordar que para que ustedes hablen en ingls no solo es importante saber la estructura sino saber en que momento usarla. Esto se logra por analizar la situacion y saber el uso correcto de las estructuras aprendidas. Por ejemplo, cuando necesitamos hablar de rutinas usamos el PRESENT SIMPLE (How often do you go to the dentist?) Usamos el PRESENT CONTINUOUS para hablar de acciones que estan sucediendo en el momento (What are you doing?). Para expresar habilidades usamos CAN y para hablar de tiempos definidos del pasado el PAST SIMPLE. As que recuerden que no es necesario traducir porque esto les traera problemas. Es mejor PENSAR en Ingls y esto solo se logra con prctica.

FUTURE GOING TO > PLANS


Syntax:

Subject + to be + going to + infinitive


USE: We use the future with GOING TO to talk about plans POSITIVE FORM Subject I He / She / It We / You / They Verb To be Am Is Are Going to Going to Infinitive dance Study Go shopping

Examples: - Marias going to travel this holiday. - Theyre going to go to a very expensive restaurant. - Im going to come home late. NEGATIVE FORM Subject I He / She / It We / You / They Verb To be + not Going to Am not Going to Is not (isnt) Are not (arent) Infinitive Clean Cook travel

- Im not going to go to the party. - Juan isnt going to work today. - They arent going to stay at that hotel. QUESTION FORM

Question Word What Where

Verb To Be Am not Is not (isnt) Are not (arent)

Subject I He / She / It We / You / They

Going to Going to

Infinitive Do Go travel

Ejemplos: - What are you going to do later? - What is she going to cook? - Are they going to attend the meeting? - Where is Maria going to study? Short answers are with the to be verb - Yes, I am Yes, you are No, he isnt No, they arent ETC

Errores tpicos
Recuerden de NO USAR el do/does (para preguntas) & el dont y doesnt (para negativos). NO SE USAN porque usamos el verbo to be. - INCORRECTO: I dont going to study. - CORRECTO: Im not going to study. - INCORRECTO: Where do you going to go? - CORRECTO: Where are you going to go? Recuerden de NO OLVIDAR de poner el verbo TO BE - INCORRECTO: Juan going to buy beer. - CORRECTO: Juan is going to buy beer.

LECCION 18 Do you like ? Conversation / Speaking #1

Hello students and visitors. I hope you had a great Easter and today we will talk about the verb to like in the present simple which we use to talk about preferences.

Present Simple (verb to like)


USE (Think in ENGLISH!) We use the verb to like in the present simple to talk about PREFERENCES or to express interest about something or someone.

Subject + verb to like + NOUN

When we talk about nouns (what is a noun?) after the verb to like we talk about things in general therefore we use THE PLURAL FORM for countable nouns. EXAMPLES: - I like mangoes. ( NOT: i like a mango) - Do you like dogs or cats? - What kind of movies does your friend like? NOTE: With nouns that are UNCOUNTABLE (nouns you cannot form in plural e.g. RICE, WATER, MUSIC) we DO NOT put it in a plural form obviously. Examples: - Maria likes beer. (NOT: Maria likes beers because beer in an uncountable noun in English) - What kind of music do you like? - I like Italian food.

Subject + verb to like + verb GERUND FORM (-ing)

When we want to use a verb as a complement we use the verb in the gerund form (-ING ENDING e.g dancing, going out, running, swimming etc) Examples: - I like going to the disco. - My wife likes cooking. - What do you like doing? NOTE: In American English you can use the gerund OR the infinitive form after the verb to like. Example: Carlos likes teaching English OR Carlos likes to teach English. *** Notas del profesor. Vemos que el verbo to like es para hablar de preferencias y de gustos en el PRESENT SIMPLE. Si el complemento es un sustantivo usamos la forma plural a no ser que sea un sustantivo no contable. Cuando se use el verbo en el complemento usamos la forma gerundia que es el verbo mas la terminacin ING.

En en ingls americano se puede usar en infinitivo (to dance) en vez de el gerundio. En InglesTotal vamos a recomendar usar la forma gerundio porque los mejores libros lo recomiendan y en muchos examenes tendrn que usar la forma de gerundio.

LECCION 19 : Como ofrecer algo en INGLES

Today we are going to discuss how to offer something in English. We will also talk about the differences between DO YOU LIKE ? vs WOULD YOU LIKE ? Hoy hablaremos de como ofrecer algo en espaol. Recuerden que pueden bajar las lecciones a sus reproductores con tal solo hacer click en el link download (y si no pueden hacer click derecho en download y guardar vnculo como).

How do we offer something in English?


Now that we know the structure of some tenses (e.g Present simple, continuous, past, modal verb can, going to) it is important that we focus on PRODUCING and in thinking in English. Remember that we need to look at the situation and use the correct form and structure in English and AVOID TRANSLATING. We do not need to translate because this can be confusing. ** Ahora que sabemos algunas estructuras bsicas es importante que sepamos que estructura usar en la situacin indicada. Debemos EVITAR traducir oraciones completas ya que en Espaol muchas veces se utilizan distintas estructuras que en el INGLES. Veamos entonces como ofrecer algo en INGLES.

Using the verb WANT

We use the verb want to offer something in English. When we use the verb to want we to offer something we will use the present simple. Example: a) What do you want to drink? b) I want a glass of water. a) Do you want to eat anything? b) Sure. What is there? a) There is some chicken. b) Yeah, I want some chicken. When we use want it is considered not very formal. OBSERVATIONS WITH THE VERB TO WANT: When we use a verb after the verb like, we will use TO +INFINITIVE

TABLE 1 Subject I/we/you/they He/she/it Vern to want Want Wants Infinitive To study To be famous

*** Recuerden que hay verbos a los cuales le siguen el infinitivo con el to por delante (como want) y hay verbos que son seguidos por el gerindio o forma -ing (como like)

Using WOULD YOU LIKE ?

We use would you like to offer something. It is a FORMAL WAY to offer. The structure of would is the same as the structure of can. *** Como utilizar el would: Es muy simple. Lo usamos igual que el CAN. Si no saben como usar el can ir a LA LECCION 14 CLICK AQUI Examples: a) What would you like to drink? b) Id (I + would) like some beer. a) I am sorry, We dont have any beer. Would you like some wine? b) Yes, I would. a) And what would you like to eat? b) Id like a sandwich. Similar to want, when we use a verb after WOULD LIKE we will use the TO + INFINITIVE. TABLE 2 Subject I/we/you/they He/she/it Would like Would like Would like Infinitive To travel To drink

*** recuerden que despues de would like va la forma to + infinitive. WOULD LIKE no es lo mismo que LIKE

DO YOU LIKE? VS-WOULD YOU LIKE?

Do you like?: We use the verb like to talk about preferences (If you have questions READ LESSON 17)

Example: a) Do you like apples? (Do you like it in GENERAL We use the plural form if it is a countable noun) b) Do you like dancing? (we use the gerund form after the verb to like) Would you like?: We use would like to offer. Example: a) Would you like an apple? ( we are offering an apple at the moment we use singular if it is a countable noun b) Would you like to go to the cinema? (We some TO + INFINITIVE after WOULD LIKE)

Como pensar en ingles

Bienvenidos a InglesTotal y espero que todos ustedes anden bien. Gracias a todos por su apoyo y por sus buenos deseos. Hoy hablaremos de un tema importante y que es algo con la cual luchan muchos (sino todos) mis alumnos. Antes de hablar en ingls piensan en espaol y traducen estructuras completas cometiendo errores que a la larga causar que la comunicacin no sea la ptima. Recuerden que para poder ser fluidos tienen que comenzar a pensar en ingls. Primero quiero decirles que el camino a empezar a pensar en ingls no es algo fcil. Lo ideal sera aprender el idioma 100% natural como lo hicieron con el espaol pero esto requiere de algunos elementos que muchos no pueden obtener. Uno es que nos mudemos a un pas de habla inglesa y que empecemos a ver el idioma en accin y aprender de a pocos. An as, esto tampoco es el remedio para muchos pues la lengua esta arraigada a estructuras del idioma espaol por ende la mejor forma es aprenderlo desde la infancia sin necesidad de libros ni de profesores. Habiendo dicho esto, est claro que se necesita de una estrategia, una forma clara de comprender el idioma, un sistema por el cual nosotros podemos alcanzar una fluidez parecida lo mas posible a la de los nativos. Esta forma nos llevara a comprender el idioma de una manera comunicativa y en contexto que muchos obvian ya que pretenden convertir el ingls en conversaciones traducidas de un contexto distinto, de una lengua distinta con una gramtica conflictiva. Muchos pensaran que por lo dicho anteriormente, los nativos convertidos (las personas que hablan ingls como segunda lengua) no traducen pero la realidad es distinta. Una vez en mi clase me preguntaron si cuando iba al cine escuchaba la cinta en ingls o lea los subttulos. Otros alumnos respondieron por mi y dijeron que puesto que ya saba el idioma no era necesario leer los subttulos. Intervine y les dije que haca las dos cosas. Y es verdad, cuando voy al cine y veo los subttulos no puedo dejar de leer muchas veces. Es decir,

escucho, leo, traduzco y le digo a mi esposa que esta mal traducido y muchas veces es informacin importante. Todo esto pasa en cuestin de segundos y es inevitable. Que quiero decir con esto? Que al ser bilinges tenemos dos formas de comunicarnos. Que al traducirlolo hacemos naturalmente. Lo que tiene que quedar claro es que de ningn modo se traducen esquemas. Instantneamente la mente elije el esquema correcto del idioma para expresar lo que uno quiere en el contexto que quiere. El error esta en traducir oraciones completas y en pensar que el ingls tiene las mismas estructuras que el espaol. All esta el problema. No pretendan crear algo que no existe en un idioma. Para muestra doy el siguiente ejemplo: SITUACION Ustedes ven que hay un amigo que se va de la casa y quieren preguntarle lo siguiente: Adonde vas? Lamentablemente muchos alumnos hacen lo indeseado, traducen la oracin completa sin pensar en la estructura del ingls y sin recordar las lecciones aprendidas en los libros o inclusive ac en InglesTotal. Al traducir sale una pregunta como la que sigue: - Where do you go? Mi pregunta es. Cuando utilizamos el present simple? Les doy un minuto para recordar Listos? Bueno, se utiliza el present smple (Ver LECCION 10) para expresar RUTINAS (entre otras que tocaremos en el pre-intermedio) Es decir, cuando preguntan en ingls Where do you go? es preguntarle por su rutina lo cual suena absurdo en el contexto dado ya que tu amigo se va y la pregunta es del momento y no de la rutina. Recuerden que el present simple tiene la palabra usually en forma invisible. Intentenlo: Where do you USUALLY go? Sabiendo que la eleccin de traducir la oracin entera, y de no recordar o de respetar las estructuras del los idiomas fue un error, Cual es la pregunta correcta? Si no saben eso quiere decir que no han estado pensando en ingles y no han prestado atencin a las lecciones bien. Que se usa para expresar una accin que pasa en el momento? Si, el present continuous (ver LECCION 8). La pregunta correcta sera: - Where are you going? En conclusin, para poder lograr una fluidez tenemos que saber pensar en ingles y a esto me refiero con respetar las reglas gramaticales y al uso. En las lecciones de InglesTotal siempre que sea necesario pondr la gramtica o la sintaxis y de all el uso. Muchos alumnos solo prestan atencin a la gramtica pero de que sirve si no sabes el contexto en donde usarlo. De que sirve saber estructuras lenguaje si no saben cuando implementarlas y lograr una comunicacin correcta e ideal. Claro, podrn entender el ingls, sabrn responder preguntas puesto que muchos alumnos solo saben eso. Cuantas veces he recibido a alumnos dicen saber ingles y que al conversar solo esperan que yo haga las preguntas. Al final no es una conversacin natural pero mas un interrogatorio.

Que su objetivo sea comunicarse. Que su anhelo sea poder hablar ingls de una forma natural. No se conformen con entender, pasar exmenes, y responder preguntas. Se que no es facil ya que requiere una reingeniera de la forma en que se expresan pero si lo hacen desde el bsico entonces le ser mas fcil. Recuerden que si quieren hablar correctamente es necesario que se concentren no solo en la gramtica pero en el uso de las estructuras que han aprendido y que aprendern. Hablen ingls no solo para que les entienda la gente, sino para que no les malentienda.

Possessive Pronouns LECCION 20

The Possessive pronouns are:

MINE / YOURS / HIS / HERS / ITS / OURS / YOURS / THEIRS


To understand these pronouns it is important to review the pronouns that we already know. TABLE 1: Subject Pronouns I You He She It We You They Object Pronouns Me You Him Her It Us You Them Possessive Adjectives my Your His Her Its Our Your Their Possessive Pronouns mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs

These are the pronouns that we know so far. Remember that the Subject and Object pronouns refer to people, places and things (nouns) and the Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns refer to possessions. Como vemos estos son todos los pronombres aprendidos hasta la fecha. Les hago recordar que es importante aprenderlos y saber las diferencias que existen entre ellos. Los Subject y object pronouns van a tomar el lugar de sustantivos y los possessive adjectives y possessive pronouns se utiliza para expresar posesin. Les recomiendo escuchar bien el audio para despejar dudas. Si tienen an dudas visitar la leccin 12 de object pronouns AQUI o tambin ver la leccon 5 de posessive adjectives AQUI POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS vs POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

We use both to talk about possession but they have different rules. LETS COMPARE

Possessive Adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)

When we use the possessive adjectives IT IS NECESSARY TO PUT A NOUN AFTER the possessive adjective. Example: I didnt take my book. (YOU NEED TO PUT BOOK) Maria went to her house. We need to put the noun after the possessive adjective my.

Possessive Pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)

When we use the possessive pronouns WE DO NOT PUT THE NOUN AFTER the possessive pronoun. Example: We are talking about a book - That is mine. - Maria didnt take hers. It is not necessary to put book because possessive pronouns can stand alone. *** Entonces entendemos que con los possessive adjectives es necesario que sea seguido por un sustantivo pero los possessive pronouns pueden ir solos. Cuando usamos los possessive pronouns se tiene que tener claro de que uno esta hablando sino lo correcto es usar los possessive adjectives. EJEMPLO DE COMO SE USAN LOS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Y LOS POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Whose book is this? (Usar el question word whose para hablar de posesin y de usar el sustantivo book despues del QW) a) It is my book. (Here we use the possessive adjective my followed by the noun book) b) It is mine. (Here we use the possessive pronoun mine and we do not need to put the noun after it). NOTE: It is also possible to use the POSSESSIVE NOUNS (Ver leccin 5 AQUI) Ejemplo usando el POSSESSIVE NOUN - It is Juans book. (Se utiliza el sustantivo propio aumentandole apostrofe y s).

Comparative Form of Adjectives LESSON 21

Hoy hablaremos de adjetivos en la forma comparativa. Recuerden que es importante aprender adjetivos para usar esta forma. Tambin he recibido muchas consultas con respecto a las demas lecciones. Hay varios links para ver el menu de lecciones. Estn en la parte superior y tambien el la parte derecha. TAMBIEN PUEDES HACER CLICK AQUI.

The Comparative Form


We use the comparative form to compare and contrast different objects or people in English. Use the comparative form to show the difference between two objects or people and we use THAN before what or who we are comparing to. Remember that is it VERY IMPORTANT to know and learn adjectives because we will need to use them to form this structure. If you need a list please CLICK HERE. Example: Maria is taller than Juan -> RECUERDEN DE UTILIZAR THAN DESPUES DE LA FORMA COMPARATIVA Miami is more modern than Lima. *Entonces, usamos The comparative form para comparar y contrastar sustantivos usando ADJETIVOS en INGLES. Es vital aprender adjetivos asi que se necesitan una lista ir ac (HACER CLICK). Reglas para formar la forma comparativa en INGLES In this following table we can learn the rules TABLE #1 Adjective
Adjective with one syllable 1. Ending in e

Rule | ADD r | |

Example | a) The Honda is wider than the chevrolete b) A big car is safer than a small one.

Wide Safe

| 2.Consonant Vowel Double the consonant and add Consonant er | Big | c) My house is bigger than

Thin 3. All others Tall ADD er

yours. d) Joe is thinner than Mary. | e) John is taller than Brian | |

Adjectives with two or more syllables 1. Ending in y

| |

Pretty Noisy 2.All others Beautiful Expensive


Size Touch Shape

Change the y to i f) Ana is prettier than Nina g) and add er A motorcycle is noisier than a car | | Use more (or less) before the adjective h) Marisu is more beautiful than Elena i) The shirt is more expensive than the trousers
Time Quantity Sound

IRREGULAR FORMS (TABLE 2)

good - better bad worse far -further /farther Remembre to use THAN after the comparative form. Recuerden de usar than (y nunca what) despues de la forma comparativa. EXAMPLES: My house is more expensive THAN my car John is funnier THAN Tim

LETS PRACTICE (TABLE 3)


ADJECTIVE Comparative ADJECTIVE Comparative ADJECTIVE Comparative Happy Difficult Clean Cheap Strong Interesting Honest Busy Young

Early Beautiful Soft Intelligent Dirty Good Careful

Hot Warm Expensive fresh Kind Boring Cold

Near Funny Easy Bad Late Dangeerous weak

VER RESPUESTAS CHECK ANSWERS Exercises


1) Shes much __________ her husband. (young) 2) Its a __________ day _____ yesterday. (warm) 3) The vegetables in the shop are __________ _____ the one ones in the supermarket. (fresh) 4) The train is __________ _____ the bus (expensive) 5) The new TV programme is __________ _____ the old one. (funny) 6) Mrs. Jones is a __________ teacher ____ Mr. Andrews. (good) 7) My office is __________ _____ Helens. (near) 8) The traffic is _______________ it was last year. (noisy) 9) You have a __________ life _____ I have. (busy) 10) Drivers in this country are _______________________ _____ drivers in my country. (dangerous) 11) The exam today was _______________ _____ last years exam. (difficult) 12) Shes __________ _____ her sister. (smart) 13) Micheal is __________ _____ than Mathew. (Rich)

14) The students ask _______________ questions _____ they did before. (intelligent) 15) Her second book is _______________ _____ her first one. (interesting)

Lista de prepocisiones mas comunes en INGLES LECCION 22

In this GRAMMAR lesson we will discuss what are prepositions and how to use them correctly. We will also study a list of most common prepositions used in conversations. En esta lecccin hablaremos de las preposiciones y daremos una lista de las preposiciones en INGLES mas comunes. Recuerden de participar en InglesTotal mandando audios con comentarios, saludos o preguntas al email contacto(@)inglestotal.com (sin los parentesis)

What are Prepositions?


It is a word used before a noun or pronoun to relate it to the other words. When you form a phrase with the preposition it is called a prepositional phrase. This consists of a preposition and its object. (thefreedictionary.com) For example: My English books are in my house. in my house is the prepositional phrase. In is the preposition and house is the object of the prepositional phrase. * Como vemos las preposiciones son importantes para unir y relacionar sustantivos

Why are prepositions and prepositional phrases important?


It is important mainly because they indicate a relationship between the object of the prepositional phrase with the rest of the sentence In these examples, we see how the object of the prepositional phrase table is related with the rest of the sentence The notebook is on the table. The notebook is under the table. The book is beside the table. She held the notebook over the table. * Cuando usamos las preposiciones y los prepositional phrases unimos ideas y relacionamos sustantivos con el resto de la oracin. Es decir, damos mas profundidad a nuestras oraciones y somos mas claros al hablar puesto que damos mas infromacin.

List of most Common Prepositions Lista de preposiciones en Ingles mas comunes


Aviso: En esta lista damos las traducciones de preposiciones. Estas palabras tambin pueden ser usados como adverbios, adjectivos, conjunciones haciendo que su traducin varie. Ac les damos las traducciones de las siguientes palabras como preposiciones.
PREPOSITION About Above Across After Against Along Among Around At Before behind Below beneath beside Between By TRADUCCION Acerca de / sobre Encima de / por encima de En frente de / cruzando Despues contra Por (una va paralela) Go along this street Entre (en medio de) Alrededor de En / a antes Detrs de / atrs de Debajo de / abajo de Debajo de / bajo Al lado de / junto a Entre (usualmente entre 2 personas u objetos) Por (de autora The book was griten by Dan Brown) / Por (va de transporte) I go to school by bus durante Excepto / salvo

During Except

For From In In front of Inside Instead of Into Like Near Of On Outside Over Since Through To Toward / Towards Under / Underneath Until With Within

Para (destinatario / uso / propsito) De (origin / remitente) en En frente de Dentro de En vez de / en lugar de En / a / con (movimiento de entrar) Come into my office Como / parecido / igual que Cerca de / junto De (posesivo) Sobre / en on the table , on TV, on Sunday Fuera de Encima de / por encima de Desde Atravs A (destinacin) hacia Debajo de Hasta con Dentro de (distancia / tiempo) I am going to traval within the next week sin

Without

Superlative Form Curso INGLES BASICO Lesson 23

Espero estn todos bien. Hoy les traemos la clase de The Superlative Form de los adjetivos. Tambin queria invitarles al nuevo chat que se ha hecho para practicar INGLES con los demas visitantes y/o alumnos virtuales. Espero verlos por all para saludarles y conocerles.

The Superlative Form


Definition: The superlative is the form of an adjective or adverb that shows which thing has that quality above or below the level of the others. It denotes the greatest degree regarding the quality of the adjective used. (usingenglish.com) To use the superlative form please review adjectives CLICK HERE.

Example: Brian is the tallest student in the class -> RECUERDEN DE UTILIZAR THE ANTES DE LA FORMA SUPERLATIVA Paris is the most beautiful city in the world. *Entonces, usamos The superlative form para comparar establecer la cualidad mxima del adjetivo en uno con relacin al contexto. Es decir, es la forma del adjetivo o adverbio que espresa su mayor qualidad. SINECESITAS ADJETIVOS(HACER CLICK). Por ejemplo: Mount Everest is the highest mountain quiere decir que el Monte Everest es la montaa mas alta. No hay mas alta que el Everest y expresa su supremacia con respecto a las demas montaas en cuanto al adjetivo high que es alto. Reglas para formar la forma Superlativa en INGLES In this following table we can learn the rules TABLE #1 Adjective
With one syllable 1. Ending in e

Rule |

Example |

the + (adjective + a) Jupiter is the largest planet st)

Large

| 2.Consonant Vowel the +(Double the consonant and add Consonant est) b) The hottest place on earth is Hot Ethiopia. | | 3. All others the + (Adjective + est) long c) The Great Wall of China is the longest wall in the world. hard d) Math is the hardest subject in school. Adjectives with two or | |
more syllables

|
1. Ending in y

Easy 2.All others important


Size Touch Shape

the +(Change the e) The easiest subject for me is y to i and add geography. est) | the+[Use most (or least) before the f) The most important thing adjective] in life is love
Time Quantity Sound

IRREGULAR FORMS (TABLE 2)

good - (the) best bad (the) worst far -(the)furthest /farthest Remember to use THE before the superlative form. Recuerden de usar the antes de la forma superlativa. TAMBIEN CUIDADO CON LA TRADUCCION CON COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES. En espaol no es igual. Impriman las 2 tablas de esta leccin y la leccin 21 para que aprendan la regla y no tengan errores. EXAMPLES: Brians car is THE most expensive

LETS PRACTICE

Exercises
1) __________ (large)cucumber weighed 66lbs. 2) __________ (popular) tourist attraction in the United States is Disneyworld. 3) __________ (successful) songwriters are Paul Mccartney and the late John Lennon. 4) __________ (heavy) baby at birth was a boy of 22 lbs. 8 oz. He was born in Italy in 1955 5) __________ (fat) person was a man in New York. He weighed almost 1200 lbs. 6) One of __________ (famous) painters was Pablo Picasso. 7) __________ (long) attack of hiccups lasted 67 years. 8) __________ (big) omelet was made of 54,763 eggs.

Countable and Uncountable nouns Sustantivos contables y no constables. Lesson 24

Today we are going to talk about countable and uncountable nouns and learn when and how to use them correctly. Please remember to practice and to do the exercises at the end of the post. Hoy hablaremos de los sustantivos contables y no contables. Aprenderemos como usarlos y algunas reglas.Antes de empezar esta leccon recomiendo repasar la siguente leccion que trata del uso de there is/are: CLICK AQUI

Countable nouns Count nouns


A noun renames a person, place or thing. If a noun is viewed as countable if: A or an can be used in front of it : a table, an egg It has a plural form : there are two tables It can be used in a question with how many: How many rooms are there? A number can be used before it: four computers If a noun is viewed as uncountable: a/an cannot be used in front of it: Cereal is healthy it does not have a plural form: I like butter (NOT BUTTERS) it can be in a question with how much: How much sugar would you like?

a number isnt used in front of it: It has little caffeine. it always takes a singular verb: Milk is good for you. *** En si los sustantivos contables son aquellos que puedes contar (poner un numero antes del sustantivo: una mesa pero no una agua Todos los liquidos como agua, leche, cerveza, vino son no contables (EN ESPAOL PUEDE SER DISTINTO). Tambien las carnes son no contables como pollo, pescado etc. TABLE USING THERE IS / ARE WITH COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Countable Uncountable Singular Plural One form (+)There is a chair. There are some chairs. There is some water (-) There isnt a table. There arent any tables. There isnt any cheese. (?) Is there a bathroom? Are there any bathrooms? Is there any coffee? Conclusions from the table: With countable nouns we have two forms: singular and plural and when we refer to uncountable nouns we only use one form. When we use the singular form with countable nouns we use a/an and with plurals we use some/any. With the uncountable nouns we do not use a/an and we can use some/any With countable nouns some/any means an indefinite number With uncountable nouns some/any means a portion of Conclusiones: Como vemos cuando un sustantivo es contable hay dos formas: singular y plural pero con los no constables solo hay una forma. Nunca usen la forma plural cuando usen los no contables. Tambin cabe resaltar que cuando usamos el some /any con los contables significa algunos/algunas o en negativo ningun pero cuando se usa con los no contables quiere decir algo de. Veamos: There are some books on the table. (Hay algunos libros) There arent any books. (No hay ningun lbro) Ojo que en espaol se usa la forma singular de libro pero en ingls no. Are there any books? (Hay algn libro) There is milk. (Hay algo de leche) There isnt any milk. (No hay nada de leche) Is there any milk? (Hay algo de leche?)

Prepositions of Time and place Preposiciones en INGLES LECCION 25

Today we are going to talk about the prepositions of time. We are also going to review the prepositions of place discussed and presented in LESSON #9 (CLICK HERE). Hoy vamos a presentar las preposiciones de tiempo y tambin vamos a repasar las preposiciones de lugar que discutimos en la LECCION #9 (ENLACE AQUI)

Prepositions of place and time Before we start presenting more prepositions of place please review Lesson 9 (Link here). Prepositions of place show where something is in relation to another object or person. They show position and help us describe where something is located in a sentence. In lesson #9 we practiced the prepositions of place and today I would like to expand the conceptwith the rollowing rules.

Prepositions of place and time : IN / ON / AT

Use IN before:
- Countries and cities :Colombia, Bogota (Paises y ciudades) - Buildings: a shop, a museum (Edificios) - Months: February, June (Meses) - Seasons: winter, summer (Estaciones del ao) - Years: 1998, 2003 (Aos) - Times of the day: morning, afternoon, evening NOT night (Partes del da)

Use ON before:
- Transport: a bike, a bus, train, plane, a ship NOT car (Transporte) - A surface: the floor, a table, a shelf, the balcony, the roof, the wall (Superficies) - Dates: March 1st (Fechas) - Days: Tuesday, New Years Day, Valentines Day (Dias)

Use AT before:
- The following words: school, home, work, university, the airport, the station, a bus stop, a party, the door, night, the weekend - Times: 6 oclock, half past five, 4:45 pm (Hora) - Festival periods: Christmas, Easter (Festivales) More Prepositions of time (colaboracin englisch-hilfe.com)

Present Perfect tense Tiempo verbal gramtica: Lesson 26 Today is the last grammar lesson of the basic/elementary course. We are going to study the present perfect tense. Remember that it is very important to practice and to review.

Como se forma el present perfect? Cuando utilizamos el present perfect? Hoy es nuestra ltima leccin gramatical del curso bsico/elemental. Vamos a presentar el tiempo gramatical present perfect y responder estas interrogantes. Recuerden que es importante practicar y repasar

Before we start with this lesson where you are going to read the Present Perfect tense. Lets remember the tenses that we have studied up to this point: The Present Simple and Present Continuous We have studied these two tenses before. These refer to the present tense but in different ways. The present simple is used to talk about actions that usually happen. These actions describe routines or habits. The present continuous is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment in which they are spoken. Present Simple: For routines, habits and current information - I usually get up at 6:00 am. - Tom goes to the gym at weekends. - Sarah has two children. Present Continuous: for actions happening at the moment - We are studying English at InglesTotal. - I am not watching TV at the moment ** Como vimos estos 2 tiempos gramaticales que hemos estudiado antes (Present tense :LECCION 10 y Present Continuous:LECCION 8) Usan el nombre present ya que tienen una relacion con ella pero de manera distinta. El present tense se usa para describir una accin que sucede usualmente como una rutina en cambio el present continuous es utilizado para describir acciones que suceden en el momento en que se esta hablando. RECUERDEN QUE NO ES LO MISMO EN ESPAOL Y POR ELLO ES NECESARIO RESPETAR LAS REGLAS GRAMATICALES DEL IDIOMA QUE UNO APRENDE.

The Present Perfect Tense


This tense has the name Present but it has many uses and it is sometimes confusing. Today we are going to study the first use which is for EXPERIENCES.

The Past Participle form of the verbs


To form the present perfect tense we need to learn a new form of the verb. This is called the past participle. Regular verbs When you want to form the past participle of regular verbs, it is the same as the past tense playedwhere we add ed to the base form. Examples: CHART #1

Verb Work Talk Study Stay Watch

Past form Worked Talked Studied Stayed Watched

Past Particple Worked Talked Studied Stayed watched

List of complete regular verbs (enlace con lista completa de verbos regulares): http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/regular-verbs-list.htm Irregular verbs The irregular form of the verbs in past participle change and you have to learn them with practice. CHART #2 Verb be eat go buy ride write Past form Was/were ate went bought Rode wrote Past Particple been eaten gone bought ridden written

List of complete irregular verbs (enlace con la lista completa de verbos irregulares): http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/

The Present Perfect STRUCTURE / SYNTAX


Positive form SUBJECT + [HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT CHART #3 Subject
I/we/you/they He/She/It have has

Auxiliary

Past Participle
been Eaten

Complement
to Brazil Sushi

Negative form SUBJECT + [HAVEN'T / HASN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT CHAR T#4 Subject
I/we/you/they He/She/It

Auxiliary
havent hasnt

Past Participle
been eaten

Complement
to Brazil Sushi

Question form Question word + [HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT CHART #5 Question Word
What countries

Auxiliary
have Has

Subject

Past Participle
to?

Complement

I/we/you/they been He/she/it eaten

Sushi?

Contractions:

He/she/it + has = hes/shes/its I/we/you/they + have = Ive/weve/youve/theyve


Short Answers (Yes/no answers) CHART #6
Positive Yes, I/we/you/they have Yes, he/she/it has Negative No. I/we/you/they havent No, he/she/it hasnt

USE of the Perfect Tense


In this class we are going to learn the first use of the present perfect. REMEMBER that there are other uses and we will study these in the pre-intermediate level.

We use the present perfect tense to talk about: AN INDEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST: EXPERIENCES
When we want to talk about an experience we can use the present perfect tense. An experience is something that happened in the time but WE DO NOT KNOW WHEN. Lets look at the chart. CHART #7

To emphasize this use of the present perfect we use the word ever. More examples: - Have you ever been to Peru? In this question we are asking for information about his life experience. We DO NOT CARE or WANT TO KNOW WHEN. It is a question without a definite point in the past. - I have been to Mexico three times. We say that in our life we went to Mexico but we DO NOT SAY WHEN. - Has Laura ever eaten Paella? We want to know if Laura has eaten paella once in her life. WE DO NOT WANT TO KNOW WHEN. *** Cuando usamos el present perfect? El present perfect se usa para describir acciones que pasaron antes y sin decir cuando. Es un tiempo indefinido del pasado y se usa para expresar experiencias sin determinar el tiempo en que se dieron. Esto es muy util ya que la pueden usar para pedir informacion en general. Ever se utiliza para emfatizar este uso. Present Perfect vs Past Simple

As we have seen, we can talk about the past with present perfect but we need to learn the differences with the past simple tense.

Present Perfect : Indefinite time in the past Past Simple: Definite time in the past
Maria has been to Spain (Present Perfect: we do not know when) Maria went to Spain last year (Past simple: A definite time last year other phrases: three days ago, last week, yesterday etc.) *** Como sabemos, tambien podemos usar el past simple para hablar del pasado pero es cuando es un tiempo definido; es decir, un tiempo exacto. Ya en pre-intermedio ampiaremos este tema Ejercicios y refuerzo: Hacer los siguientes ejercicios (las respuestan estan en el audio)

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