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• Murders were the least frequent violent victimization -- about 6 murder victims per
100,000 persons in 2006.
[D]
Note: The violent crimes included are rape, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, and
homicide. The National Crime Victimization Survey redesign was implemented in 1993;
the area with the lighter shading is before the redesign and the darker area after the
redesign. The data before 1993 are adjusted to make them comparable with data
collected since the redesign. The adjustment methods are described in Criminal
Victimization 1973-95. Estimates for 1993 and beyond are based on collection year
while earlier estimates are based on data year. For additional information about the
methods used, see Criminal Victimization 2005.
Sources: Rape (excluding sexual assault), robbery, and assault data are from the
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Ongoing since 1972, this survey of
households interviews about 134,000 persons age 12 and older in 77,200 households
each year about their victimizations from crime. The homicide data are collected by the
FBI's Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) from reports from law enforcement agencies.
• The NCVS is one of the Nation's largest ongoing household surveys. Survey data tell us
how many rapes, sexual assaults, robberies, assaults, thefts, household burglaries, and
motor vehicle thefts U.S. residents age 12 or older and their households experience each
year.
• The violent crime rate increased 1.0% from 2005 to 2006. From 1997 to 2006 the rate fell
22.5%.
• The property crime rate decreased 2.8% from 2005 to 2006. From 1997 to 2006, the rate
fell 22.7%.
The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports Program (UCR) collects information from local law
enforcement agencies about crimes reported to police. The UCR crime index includes
seven offenses; homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-
theft, and motor vehicle theft.
For more information about the purposes and advantages of the UCR and the NCVS, see The
Nation's Two Crime Measures.
City-level survey of crime victimization and citizen attitudes. BJS in a joint effort with the
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) conducted victimization surveys in 12
selected cities. The standard National Crime Victimization Survey instrument was used with
questions about citizen perceptions of community policing and neighborhood issues. All sampled
household residents age 12 or older were included in the survey. Participating cities were --
Chicago, IL, Kansas City, MO, Knoxville, TN, Los Angeles, CA, Madison, WI, New York, NY, San
Diego, CA, Savannah, GA, Spokane, WA, Springfield, MA, Tucson, AZ, Washington, DC.
Emergency Room Statistics on Intentional Violence collects data on intentional injuries, such
as domestic violence, rape, and child abuse, from a national sample of hospital emergency
rooms. Through the Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury
Surveillance System, information is obtained on characteristics of the victim and perpetrator,
victim-perpetrator relationship, alcohol/drug involvement in the incident, and description of
circumstances of injury.
1994.
National Computer Security Survey (NCSS). The goal of NCSS is to produce reliable national
and industry-level estimates of the prevalence of computer security incidents (such as denial of
service attacks, fraud, or theft of information) against businesses and the resulting losses
incurred by businesses. The first national survey of thousands of businesses is being conducted
in 2006. It is cosponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Cyber Security
Division (NCSD) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The RAND Corporation is the
data collection agent.
Selected statistics
• Demography of victims
• Victims and offenders
• Geography
• The crime event
• Victims and the criminal justice system
In 2005 --
• Persons in older age groups experienced lower rates of violent victimization than
person in younger age groups.
The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports show that in 2006, 87% of murder victims were age 18 or older.
Of all murder victims, 44% were 20 to 34 years old.
See also Homicide Trends in the United States and Data Online for characteristics of homicide
victims by State and large locality.
The elderly, persons age 65 or older, experienced less violence and fewer property crimes than
younger persons between 1993-2002.
• Property crime, not violence, provided the highest percentage of crime against
persons age 65 or older.
• About 1 in 5 of personal crimes against the elderly were thefts compared to about
1 in 33 for persons age 12-49.
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Race
Serious violent crime rates declined in recent years for both blacks and whites.
In 2006 —-
• Per every 1,000 persons in that racial group, 32 blacks, 23 whites and 18
persons of other races sustained a violent crime.
• Black, white, and other races experienced one per 1,000 person rates of
rape/sexual assault.
According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, in 2006 about 50% off murder victims were black,
47% were white, and 3% were Asians, Pacific Islander, and Native Americans.
See also Homicide Trends in the United States and Data Online for characteristics of homicide
victims by State and large locality.
Blacks were more likely than whites to be victimized by a carjacking (3 versus 1 per 10,000
respectively) 1993-2002.
Between 2001 and 2005, American Indians experienced violence at rates more than twice that of
blacks, 2 1/2 times that of whites, and more than 5 times that of Asians.
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Ethnicity
During 2006 —
• 863,640 Hispanic persons age 12 or older were victims of rape, sexual assault,
robbery, aggravated assault and simple assault.
• Violence against Hispanics age 12 or older most often took the form of simple
assault (57%).
• Hispanic persons age 12 or older experienced 14% of all violent crime and made
up 13% of the population.
• Hispanic and non-Hispanics experienced one per 1,000 persons for purse
snatching /pocket picking and rape/sexual assault.
• Hispanic robbery rates were 5 per 1,000 persons and non-Hispanic were 3 per
1,000.
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Gender
Violent crime rates declined for both males and females since 1994.
• Males experienced higher victimization rates than females for all types of violent
crime except rape/sexual assault.
According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, most murder victims were male, 79% in 2006.
See also Homicide Trends in the United States and Data Online for characteristics of homicide
victims by State and large locality.
Men were more likely than women to be the victim of a carjacking (2 men and 1 women per
10,000 persons).
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Some differences were found between household income levels as to whether persons were
more or less vulnerable to violent crimes in 2006.
In 2006 —
• Household income less than $7,500, robbery rate were 7 per 1,000 households
and $75,000 or more were 2 per 1,000.
• Aggravated assault rates were 13 per 1,000 households for income less than
$7,500 and 3 per 1,000 for income $75,000 or more.
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Marital status
In 2006 divorced or separated persons experienced somewhat higher rates of overall violence
than persons of other marital status categories.
• Persons who married or widowed were equally likely to experience rape or
sexual assault.
• Robbery rates were 6 per 1,000 persons for never married and 1 per 1,000 for
married.
• For persons never married, simple assault rates were 25, married 7, widowed 1,
and divorced or separaed was 32 per 1,000 persons.
Age
When compared with other age groups, persons age 65 or older were disproportionately affected
by property crimes.
• More than nine in ten crimes against the elderly and about four in ten crimes
against persons age 12 to 24 were property crimes.
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Race
In 2006 —
• Property crimes were experienced by 186 of 1,000 black households and 157 of
1,000 white households.
• For motor vehicle theft, the rates were 15 per 1,000 black households and 7 per
1,000 white households.
• The theft rate was 128 per 1,000 black households and 121 per 1,000 white
households.
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Ethnicity
In 2006 —
• Property crime rates for Hispanics were 212 per 1,000 households, and non-
Hispanics were 155 per 1,000 households.
• Hispanic households had motor vehicle theft rates at 13 per 1,000 compared to 8
per 1,000 for non-Hispanics.
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During 2006 —
• Burglary rates for household annual income less than $7,500 were 56 per 1,000
households and $75,00 or more were 22 per 1,000.
• For motor vehicle theft, income less than $7,500 were 11 per 1,000 households 6
per 1,000 for income $75,000 or more.
Statistics
Briefing Since 1994, violent crime rates have declined,
Room reaching the lowest level ever in 2005.
To view data, click on the chart.
Crime facts
at a glance
Additional
crime facts
at a glance
[D]
Note: The violent crimes included are rape, robbery, aggravated and
simple assault, and
homicide. The National Crime Victimization Survey redesign was
implemented in 1993; the area with the lighter shading is before
the redesign and the darker area after the redesign. The data
before 1993 are adjusted to make them comparable with data
collected since the redesign. The adjustment methods are
described in Criminal Victimization 1973-95. Estimates for 1993
and beyond are based on collection year while earlier estimates
are based on data year. For additional information about the
methods used, see Criminal Victimization 2005.
Violent crime includes murder, rape and sexual assault, robbery, and assault.
Trends
Since 1994, violent crime rates have declined, reaching the lowest level ever recorded in 2005.
Victim/offender relationship
Males were more likely to be violently victimized by a stranger than a nonstranger, and females
were more likely to be victimized by a friend, an acquaintance, or an intimate.
During 2005 --
• About seven in ten female rape or sexual assault victims stated the offender was
an intimate, other relative, a friend or an acquaintance.
• Seventy-four percent of males and 48% of females stated the individual(s) who
robbed them was a stranger.
Intimates were identified by the victims of workplace violence as the perpetrator in about 1% of all
workplace violent crime. About 40% of the victims of nonfatal violence in the workplace reported
that they knew their offender.
For murder victims, 43% were related to or acquainted with their assailants; 14% of victims were
murdered by strangers, while 43% of victims had an unknown relationship to their murderer in
2002.
Two thirds of murders of children under the age of 5 were committed by a parent or other family
member.
Intimate violence
• Female victims are more likely to be victimized by intimates than male victims. In
2005, of offenders victimizing females, 18% were described as intimates and
34% as strangers. By contrast, of offenders victimizing males, 3% were
described as intimates and 54% as strangers.
• The rate of nonfatal intimate violence against females declined by nearly half
between 1993 and 2001.
• Between 1976 and 2002, about 11% of murder victims were determined to have
been killed by an intimate.
• The sharpest decrease in number of intimate murders has been for black male
victims. An 81% percent decrease in the number of black men murdered by
intimates occurred between 1976 and 2002.
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Time of occurrence
In 2005 -
• 53% of incidents of violent crime occurred during the day between 6 a.m. and 6
p.m.
• Almost two-thirds of the rapes/sexual assaults occurred at night from 6 p.m. to 6
a.m.
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Place of occurrence
Workplace | School | Region | Urban, suburban, rural
In 2005 -
• The location of about a quarter of incidents of violent crime was at or near the
victim's home. Among common locales for violent crimes were on streets other
than those near the victim's home (19%), at school (12%), or at a commercial
establishment (8%).
• For violent crime, about half occurred within a mile from home and 76% within
five miles. Only 4% of victims of violent crime reported that the crime took place
more than fifty miles from their home.
• Of victims of violent crime, 22% were involved in some form of leisure activity
away from home at the time of their victimization, 22% said they were at home,
and another 20% mentioned they were at work or traveling to or from work when
the crime occurred.
Workplace violence
Of selected occupations examined from 1993 to 1999, police officers were the most vulnerable to
be victims of workplace violence, as well as correctional officers, taxicab drivers, private security
workers, and bartenders.
While working or on duty, U.S. residents experienced 1.7 million violent victimizations annually
from 1993 to 1999 including 1.3 million simple assaults, 325,000 aggravated assaults, 36,500
rapes and sexual assaults, 70,000 robberies, and 900 homicides. Workplace violence accounted
for 18% of all violent crime between 1993 to 1999.
Police officers were victims of a nonfatal violent crime while they were working or on duty
between 1993 to 1999 at a rate of 261 per 1,000 officers.
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School violence
• Between 1992 and 2005, crime in the Nation's schools for students ages
12-18 fell, a pattern consistent with the decline in the national crime rate.
• In every year from 1992 to 2005, students ages 12-18 were more likely to
experience a serious violent crime away from school than at school.
• In 2005, about 28% of public and private school students ages 12-18
reported that they have been bullied at school within the past six months.
• Among high school students in grades 9-12, about 14% said they got into
a fight on school property in 2005.
• In 2005, 10% of male students and 6% of female student reported
experiencing a threat or injury with a weapon on school property.
Region
Western and Midwestern residents were victims of violent crime overall at similar rates, 2005.
In 2005 --
See also Homicide Trends in the United States and Data Online for characteristics of homicide
victims by State and large locality.
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Urban residents had the highest violent victimization rates, followed by suburban resident rates.
Rural residents had the lowest rates.
In 2005--
• Six urban residents, four suburban residents and four rural residents per
1,000 were victims of an aggravated assault.
See also Homicide Trends in the United States and Data Online for characteristics of homicide
victims by State and large locality.
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Weapon use
Offenders had or used a weapon in 48% of all robberies, compared with 22% of all aggravated
assaults and 7% of all rapes/sexual assaults in 2005.
Homicides are most often committed with guns, especially handguns. In 2005, 55% of homicides
were committed with handguns, 16% with other guns, 14% with knives, 5% with blunt objects,
and 11% with other weapons.
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Two-thirds of victims who suffered violence by an intimate (a current or former spouse, boyfriend,
or girlfriend) reported that alcohol had been a factor. Among spouse victims, 3 out of 4 incidents
were reported to have involved an offender who had been drinking. By contrast, an estimated
31% of stranger victimizations where the victim could determine the absence or presence of
alcohol were perceived to be alcohol-related.
For about 1 in 5 violent victimizations involving perceived alcohol use by the offender, victims also
reported they believed the offender to have been using drugs as well.
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Property crime
Property crimes include burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft.
Trends
Property crime makes up slightly more than three-quarters of all crime in the United States.
Overall, in about 84% of all burglaries, the offender gained entry into the victims residence or
other building on the property.
In about 79% of all motor vehicle thefts, the vehicle was stolen.
Of the 13 million completed thefts of property in 2005, there were 4.1 million property thefts of
less than $50, 4.7 million between $50 and $249, and 3.2 million of $250 or more.
Home ownership
Property crime, regardless of the type, occurred more often to those living in rented property.
In 2005--
• Households in rented property had more than twice the rate of motor vehicle theft
than those in owned property.
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Region
The Western portion of the nation experiences the highest rates of property crime overall in the
nation.
In 2005--
• Western households had higher rate motor vehicle theft of all regions.
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Urban households have historically been and continue to be the most vulnerable to property
crime, burglary, motor vehicle theft and theft in the United States.
In 2005--
• Urban households experienced overall property crime at rates higher than those
for suburban or rural households.
The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program, which began in 1929, collects information
about crimes reported to the police. In 1982, BJS and the FBI sponsored a study of the UCR
Program with the objective of revising it to meet law enforcement needs into the 21st century. A 5-
year redesign effort to provide more comprehensive and detailed crime statistics resulted in the
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) which collects data on each reported crime
incident. The UCR Program is currently being expanded to NIBRS.
Currently under the Summary system, law enforcement authorities aggregate the number of
incidents by offense type monthly and report these totals to the FBI. Under incident-based
reporting, agencies will provide an individual record for each crime reported.
The Summary UCR Program collects offense information on the eight Part I crimes of homicide,
forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
It provides limited information about offenses, victims and offenders, and includes reported
arrests for 21 additional crime categories. Under NIBRS, law enforcement authorities will provide
information to the FBI on each criminal incident involving 46 specific offenses, including the 8 Part
I crimes, that occur in their jurisdiction. Details about each incident include information about
multiple victims and offenders. Arrest information on the 46 offenses plus 11 lesser offenses is
also provided in NIBRS.
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Program Activities
The objective of this program was to improve the quality of crime statistics in the United States by
implementing the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). This program provided
funding to States in 2001 (in conjunction with units of Local government) and tribes that wanted to
participate in the FBI's new approach to uniform crime reporting, NIBRS. Grant funds have not
been available since 2001.
The NIBRS awards were made to States applying on behalf of one or more cities or counties in
the State, regardless of whether the State maintained a UCR program. Funds were also provided
for use at the State level, provided that the State also received funds on behalf of a city or county
jurisdiction. This program was funded under the Crime Identification Technology Act of 1998,
P.L.105-251 (CITA).
• 2001 Awards
• NIBRS Implementation Program: Factsheet
BJS supports additional technical assistance, research, and training to assist jurisdictions in
implementing NIBRS-compliant systems and analyzing NIBRS data.
• Overall NIBRS support, including technical assistance for systems implementation and
data analysis, is provided by SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information
and Statistics. Assistance includes onsite visits, web assistance, guidance via telephone
and email, and training seminars. A website has been created and will be enhanced to
include State and local profiles of NIBRS activity. Classes will be conducted to train
practitioners on programs suitable for analysis of NIBRS data. The technical assistance
program builds upon extensive previous efforts to review ongoing NIBRS activity and to
identify impediments to NIBRS implementation and recommend solutions to these
problems.
• BJS annually sponsors the American Statistical Association (ASA) and BJS Statistical
Methodological Research Program through the ASA Committee on Law and Justice
Statistics. This program is designed to encourage the creative and appropriate use of
criminal justice data to inform substance and methodological issues. Special funding has
been obtained specifically for researching topics pertaining to NIBRS. Awards are
generally for a one or two year period and may be as high as $50,000. For more
information, including potential NIBRS research topics and evaluation criteria, go to the
Solicitation for Proposals on the ASA website.
• Through the State Justice Statistics Program for Statistical Analysis Centers
(SACs), BJS encourages and provides funding to States to do statistical analysis using
incident-based crime data that are compatible with NIBRS.
• Under BJS sponsorship, the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) conducted a
project to stimulate NIBRS participation by law enforcement agencies. PERF interviewed
key information systems/data management personnel and personnel from a variety of
other units within law enforcement agencies, gathering detailed information on
departmental information systems and the varying levels of departmental effort to switch
to an IBR system compatible with the FBI’s requirements. PERF presented this and other
information at the National Symposium: Data Systems for Policing in the 21st Century on
July 19-20, 2001. The symposium focused on implementation of IBR systems compatible
with the FBI’s reporting requirements for NIBRS, and using NIBRS as an analytic crime-
fighting tool. PERF is compiling these publications and other materials into an information
resource manual, designed to serve as an Incident-Reporting System Resource Guide
for law enforcement departments making the transition to an incident-based system
compatible with the FBI’s reporting requirements. Under its own initiative, PERF hosted a
2nd Annual Conference on Technology & Information Systems for Policing in the 21st
Century on July 11-13, 2002 in Chicago.
• The NCVS is one of the Nation's largest ongoing household surveys. Survey data tell us
how many rapes, sexual assaults, robberies, assaults, thefts, household burglaries, and
motor vehicle thefts U.S. residents age 12 or older and their households experience each
year.
• The violent crime rate increased 1.0% from 2005 to 2006. From 1997 to 2006 the rate fell
22.5%.
• The property crime rate decreased 2.8% from 2005 to 2006. From 1997 to 2006, the rate
fell 22.7%.
The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports Program (UCR) collects information from local law
enforcement agencies about crimes reported to police. The UCR crime index includes
seven offenses; homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-
theft, and motor vehicle theft.
For more information about the purposes and advantages of the UCR and the NCVS, see The
Nation's Two Crime Measures.
See also Data Online and Homicide Trends in the United States for additional UCR data.
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National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is the Nation's primary source of information on
criminal victimization. Each year, data are obtained from a nationally representative sample of
76,000 households comprising nearly 135,300 persons on the frequency, characteristics and
consequences of criminal victimization in the United States. The survey enables BJS to estimate
the likelihood of victimization by rape, sexual assault, robbery, assault, theft, household burglary,
and motor vehicle theft for the population as a whole as well as for segments of the population
such as women, the elderly, members of various racial groups, city dwellers, or other groups. The
NCVS provides the largest national forum for victims to describe the impact of crime and
characteristics of violent offenders.
Ongoing from 1973; Redesign 1992.
Redesign of the National Crime Victimization Survey
City-level survey of crime victimization and citizen attitudes. BJS in a joint effort with the
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) conducted victimization surveys in 12
selected cities. The standard National Crime Victimization Survey instrument was used with
questions about citizen perceptions of community policing and neighborhood issues. All sampled
household residents age 12 or older were included in the survey. Participating cities were --
Chicago, IL, Kansas City, MO, Knoxville, TN, Los Angeles, CA, Madison, WI, New York, NY, San
Diego, CA, Savannah, GA, Spokane, WA, Springfield, MA, Tucson, AZ, Washington, DC.
Emergency Room Statistics on Intentional Violence collects data on intentional injuries, such
as domestic violence, rape, and child abuse, from a national sample of hospital emergency
rooms. Through the Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury
Surveillance System, information is obtained on characteristics of the victim and perpetrator,
victim-perpetrator relationship, alcohol/drug involvement in the incident, and description of
circumstances of injury.
1994.
National Computer Security Survey (NCSS). The goal of NCSS is to produce reliable national
and industry-level estimates of the prevalence of computer security incidents (such as denial of
service attacks, fraud, or theft of information) against businesses and the resulting losses
incurred by businesses. The first national survey of thousands of businesses is being conducted
in 2006. It is cosponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Cyber Security
Division (NCSD) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The RAND Corporation is the
data collection agent.
BJS has developed FREE web-based software for State and local justice agencies to conduct
their own surveys to collect data on topics such as crime victimization, attitudes towards policing,
and other community or organizational related issues using standardized questions available from
various sources
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Langan, Patrick A. and Matthew R. Durose (BJS statisticians) The Remarkable Drop in Crime in
New York City, (Paper presented at the International Conference on Crime, Rome, Italy,
December 2003)
Lauritsen, Janet L. and Shannan Catalano; "National Crime Victimization Surveys" Encyclopedia
of Social Measurement, Vol. 2, 2005
Rand, Michael, R. and Callie Marie Rennison; "True Crime Stories? Accounting for Differences in
our National Crime Indicators" Chance, Vol. 15 No. 1, 2002
Acrobat file (261K) | ASCII file (23K)
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Selected statistics
• Demography of victims
• Victims and offenders
• Geography
• The crime event
• Victims and the criminal justice system