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Unit IV Social Issues & Environment

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development

Learning objectives

List various unsustainable developmental activities of man & its impact on Environment State the need for sustainable development Define sustainability Explain the components of sustainability and approaches to sustainable development

EARLY MAN LIFESTYLE - Primitive

used natural resources for basic needs air, water, food, clothing etc. Waste/ residue released were assimilated by the environment

MODERN MAN - Lifestyle Integrated with Science/Technology

Practices of Modern Man & its Impact on Environment

Modern Agricultural practices Clearing forest land to meet growing population demand

CONSEQUENCES

- Loss of biodiversity - Loss of soil nutrients - Changed rainfall pattern, Climatic change

Modern Agricultural practices

CONSEQUENCES

- Use

of artificial fertiliser and pesticides

Agricultural run off polluting lakes, wells, rivers etc - Soil salinity increased - Pesticides accumulate in trophic levels cause mutation, biological magnification - Water logging, - Loss of soil fertility & unproductive, - turns into barren land, - Soil erosion, desertification etc

Excessive irrigation

Industrialisation
Over use of limited natural resources(ores/water/coal) - for raw materials - energy production

CONSEQUENCES

- Depletion of resources
- Release of waste that cannot be assimilated by nature - Affects water quality and leads to water crisis

Aggressive over fishing

- Ocean acidification
(destroying

coral reefs and mollusks all across the globe)

Industrialisation Employment opportunities

CONSEQUENCES

- Unsafe / hazardous working environment led to health disorders - Water and energy crisis - Release of huge quantities of urban waste (urbanites adopt buy-it & Trash-it behavior)

Urbanisation

Mining & Developmental projects


Road / Dam construction Power plants Laying railway lines

CONSEQUENCES

Clearing huge acres of forest land Extinction of species Resettlement of tribal people Occurrence of diasters like earth quakes / floods

Transportation

CONSEQUENCES Led to conflict between nations

Dependent on fossil fuels limited resource Increased vehicles on road especially in urban areas

Urban areas turned into heat islands

Suspended particulate matter in air increased

Medical & Pharmaceutical advancements - side effects of drugs


- New drug development

CONSEQUENCES

- Ban on drugs & dumping of drugs in waterways - Evolution drug tolerant species.

Growing Human Population


Increased use of food/water/energy resources

CONSEQUENCES

- Lead to shortage - Price rise - More people below poverty line - Poor sanitation facilities and spread of diseases - Large quantities waste release

Unsustainable practice
An unsustainable practice is one that has an unbalanced negative effect, which, through time, will adversely effect a person, society and/or the environment.

MODERN MAN -To increase standard of living


Dawn of Industrial Revolution
- focussed on developmental activities such as urbanisation, industrialisation, mining, transportation & technology - increased demand on natural resources which then have to be processed, refined or converted to other forms. - Over use of resources which are limited

-Waste / residue produced are not compatible with the environment & not easily assimilated by the environment

Unsustainable Development - Summary

Consequences of Unsustainable practices on Environment


Sustaining & assimilative capacity of the biosphere is tremendous but not infinite Sign of stress on nature is shown The threat of environmental degradation on Human race is felt

A Global concern
Growing global concern for protection & conservation of environment Concept of Sustainable development first appeared in 1972 UN Summit

Brundtland Commission, The World Commission on Environment and development in 1987 introduced the term Sustainable Development

---contd

In 1992- United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio de Janeiro recognised the environmental problems by adopting Agenda 21

Agenda 21: Countries should adopt national strategies for sustainable development which should provide a balance in the needs of plans & policies of society, economy & environment of the country

Sustainable development Development to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs - Integrate developmental strategies with environmental protection

Sustainable development is a three dimensional concept aiming at the benefits derived from interaction between society, economy and environment

Sustainable development

Economic growth

Gr ee

nr

ev olu tio

n me A

s itie

pro

on ct i te

Meeting basic human needs

Environmenta l justice

Maintaining ecosystem health

Principles of sustainability derived from NATURE


Use of renewable source of energy- solar energy Recycle of Nutrients and waste Maintain Ecosystem integrity, support biodiversity and preserve them Control species population size and resource use by interaction with its environment and other species

FOUR COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY Ecological sustainability Social Sustainabiltiy

SUSTAINABILITY

Economic sustainability

Environmental sustainability

What is Ecological Sustainability ? maintaining ecosystem integrity, function, and structure.

Ecological sustainability is achieved when -- --- Ecosystem health maintained by preventing pollution of air, water and soil. Ecosystem structural integrity maintained by supporting biodiversity and preserving natural landscapes.

Ecosystem functioning is maintained by preventing disruption of biogeochemical cycles. The Carrying capacity of the regional and global ecosystem must be recognized and Efforts to be made to keep human population and endeavors within that capacity.

What is Social Sustainability ?

meeting basic needs with inter- and intragenerational equity


Poor management of resources and consumption patterns today can hinder the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Social sustainability is achieved when there exists ---- Protection of Human Rights, Human health and improvement in quality of life . Guaranteed right to clean water and health services Economic security for individuals and communities in meeting basic needs. (Includes self reliance, equal distribution of wealth) Sharing of vital information, transparency of planning process, information etc and participation in decision making process

What is Economic Sustainability ?

Assures the vitality of ecologically and socially sustainable systems in the marketplace. To actually realize ecological and social sustainability, products and services that meet such criteria must be successful in the market.

Economic Sustainability achieved when -----:


Renewable technologies are encouraged photovoltaics, wind, biopower, biofuels, biomaterials. Utility of non-renewable components is retained within the production-consumption cycle. (e.g., Re-use, recycling, and re-manufacturing)

----contd

Producers and consumers who damage the environment bear the costs of their damage. Limited fossil fuels are invested to build renewable technology/infrastructure Systems are operated within the assimilative capacity of the impacted ecosystem.

---contd

Systems are designed so that the function optimally matches present and future need rather than being over designed. If toxic materials are essential for a process, they are utilized only within closed industrial systems, avoiding exposure to living systems. Systems are designed to utilize ecological services as directly as possible

SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES

Sustainable Development Indicators (SDI)


Statistical values that measure the capacity to meet present & future needs Used by policy makers

SDI s
Gender equality Empowerment of women Female literacy

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