Introduction to Internet

T.B. Rajashekar National Centre for Science Information Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 (E-Mail: raja@ncsi.iisc.ernet.in) 31 May 2004

NCSI, IISc

Contents
What is Internet Some key concepts Internet history, Internet Services World Wide Web, types of web sites Internet and Libraries Example applications at NCSI, IISc Internet Resources: Examples
T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

What is Internet?
Interconnection of computers and computer networks using TCP/IP communication protocol Transport Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) What is a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules defining communication between systems
T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

What is Internet?
Intranet: Use of TCP/IP to connect computers on an organizational LAN Internet: Use of TCP/IP to interconnect such networks TCP/IP is the basic Internet protocol Various application protocols operate over TCP/IP
SMTP (E-Mail), HTTP (Web), IRC (Chat), FTP (File transfer), etc.
Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004 T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

TCP/IP
Rules for information exchange between computers over a network Packet based segment/ de-segment information Client-Server (Request/ Response)
Web browser (client), Website (Server)

TCP Handles data part IP Handles address part Identification of every computer on the Internet IP address
Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004 T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Internet Some Key Concepts

Backbone network Client/ Server IP Address Host name/ Domain name
www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in 144.16.72.150

URL: Uniform Resource Locator

Address for identifying a resource on a host with a specific protocol access protocol://host.domain [:port]/path/file name (Ex.: http://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/ncsi/database.html)
T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

Internet History

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

1969: The U.S. military wires six university supercomputers

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

1970s: Smaller colleges link their computers to the backbone sites.

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

1980s: Corporate research departments link to public network facilities.

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

1980: Private commercial networks and global links bring the net everywhere.

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Internet Services
E-Mail
One-to-one One-to-many (e.g. discussion forums)

Telnet remote login (e.g. library catalogue access) FTP: File transfer (e.g. software packages) Web (HTTP): Hypertext linking/navigation IRC: Internet Relay Chat Internet telephony, mobile access, etc.
Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004 T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

World Wide Web (WWW)

Killer Application Hypertext linking of multi-media documents Point and Click Lingua-franca of Web: HTML Websites: Host multimedia documents, linked using HTML (web pages) Web browsers: Access websites, browse Medium for Publishing, distributing, and accessing information UNIQUE!
Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004 T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Growth of the Web

Web is the totality of web pages stored on web servers Spectacular growth in web-based information sources and services:
Education and research Entertainment Business and commerce Personal home pages

Estimated to contain several billion documents Doubling each year Over a billion web sites Almost every telephone owner Internet user
T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

Types of Websites
Shopping sites
www.amazon.com (book store) www.garden.com (gardening) www.indiabookshop.com (book store) www.shopperstop.com (clothes, etc.) www.acs.org (American Chemical Society) www.indiatimes.com www.gardencityinfo.com (Bangalore) www.nse-india.com (stock traders)
T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Community sites

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

Types of Websites
Entertainment sites
disney.go.com (Walt Disney) www.starwars.com www.carnaticmusic.com www.indiatalkies.com

Identity sites
www.ibm.com www.wipro.com www.iisc.ernet.in
Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004 T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Types of Websites
Learning sites
www.digitalthink.com (web-based training in IT) www.netskills.ac.uk (Internet training) www.nationalgeographic.com

Information sites
www.computers.com www.eb.com (Encyclopaedia Britannica) www.thomasregister.com www.timesofindia.com
T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

Types of Websites
Govt. websites (e-governance)
KSRTC, BangaloreTelecom, BWSSB, Railways, KPTCL, etc.

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Finding Information on Web

Search Engines
General Meta search engines Domain specific

Directories
General (e.g. Yahoo) Subject/Resource specific gateways (e.g. EEVL)
T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

Internet & Libraries

Provide access to Internet resources
Gateway services

Electronic publishing and provision of L&I services over intranet/ Internet

OPAC, Portals, Digital Libraries

Library administration and management

Acquisition, Technical processing, etc.

Professional self-learning
Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004 T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

Example Applications at NCSI, IISc

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc

SciGate: IISc Science Information Portal

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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E-JIS: Electronic Journal Information Service (Gateway Service)

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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IISc E-Print Archive (Digital Library)

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

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Information Resources On the Internet: Some Examples

Introduction to Internet, 31 May 2004

T.B. Rajashekar NCSI, IISc