] Song

The University of Washington Husky Marching Band performs at many Husky sporting events including all football games. The band was founded in 1929, and today it is a cornerstone of Husky spirit. The band marches using a traditional high step, and it is one of only a few marching bands left in the United States to do so. Like many college bands, the Husky band has several traditional songs that it has played for decades, including the official fight song "Bow Down to Washington" and "Tequila", as well as fan-favorite "Africano". In addition to athletic events, the band also plays at various other events such as commencement and convocation.

[edit] Mascot
Main article: Harry the Husky

The previous costumed Harry the Husky at a school basketball game.

The University of Washington's mascot is Harry the Husky. The University of Washington has hosted a long line of Alaskan Malamutes as mascots. The 13 dogs thus far have been:

Frosty I (192229) Frosty II (193036) Wasky (1946) Wasky II (194753) Ski (195457) Denali (1958) King Chinook (195968) Regent Denali (196980) Sundodger (198191) King Redoubt (199297) Prince Redoubt (1998) Spirit (19992008) Dubs (2009)

Originally the dogs were cared for by the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, followed by a 49 year tradition (19592008) of care by the Cross family (a UW professor followed by his son).

[edit] Sustainability
Then UW President Emmert signed the American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment.[76] To help follow through on this promise, the UW has created a Climate Action Team.[77] He has also created an Environmental Stewardship Advisory Committee (ESAC), which recently created an inventory of UW's greenhouse gas emissions,[78] an environmental stewardship coordinator position, and has formalized a policy on environmental stewardship to give full institutional support to the cause of campus sustainability.[79]
1

As of February 2006, the UW joined a partnership with Seattle City Light as part of their Green Up Program. All of Seattle campus' electricity is purchased from renewable sources.[80] Housing and Food Services (HFS) spends several million dollars annually on locally produced, organic, and natural foods. HFS does not use styrofoam containers for any of its facilities on campus, instead using compostable cups, plates, utensils, and packaging whenever possible. Students Expressing Environmental Concern (SEED) is funded by HFS and is responsible for most of the sustainable changes made to HFS. Several new residence halls are planned for 2020, all of which are expected to meet silver or gold LEED standards.[81] All new state-funded buildings and major renovations must meet a LEED standard of at least Silver.[82] The University of Washington was one of only six universities to receive the highest grade on the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2008, an "A-".[83] The report card identified the UW as one of 15 Overall College Sustainability Leaders among the 300 institutions surveyed.[82]

:24

Duke University
Motto Motto in English Established Type Religious affiliation Endowment President Academic staff Admin. staff Students Eruditio et Religio (Latin)[1] Knowledge and Faith[2] 1838 Private
Historic and symbolic ties to the Methodist Church, but independent in its governance[3][4][5]

$4.8 billion[6]

The Duke Endowment Richard H. Brodhead 3,138[7]

8,057 Campus Employees

32,848
Total including Duke University Health System[7]

14,248[7]

Undergradua 6,504[7] tes 2

Postgraduat 7,744[7] es Durham, North Carolina, United States 3604N 785620W / 36.00111N 78.93889WCoordinates: 3604N 785620W / 36.00111N 78.93889W Campus

Location

Urban 8,610 acres (34.8 km2) Brown School (1838 1841) Union Institute (1841 1851) Normal College (1851 1859) Trinity College (1859 1924) Duke blue and white[8]

Former names

Colors Athletics Nickname Website

NCAA Division I FBS; ACC 26 varsity teams Blue Devils duke.edu

Duke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892.[9] In 1924, tobacco industrialist James B. Duke established The Duke Endowment, at which time the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke. Organized into two undergraduate and ten graduate and professional schools, Duke's research expenditures topped $657 million in 2009, placing it amongst the largest ten in the nation.[10] In its 2011 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university's undergraduate program 9th among national universities,[11] while ranking the medical, law, public affairs, nursing, and
3

business graduate programs among the top 12 in the United States.[12] In the 2010 QS World University Rankings, Duke ranked 14th worldwide.[13] Competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference, Duke's athletic teamsknown as the Blue Devilshave captured twelve national championships, including four by its well-known men's basketball team. The university's campus spans over 8,600 acres (35 km2) on three contiguous campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort. Duke's main campusdesigned largely by the prominent African American architect Julian Abeleincorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot (64 m) Duke Chapel at the campus' epicenter and highest point of elevation. The forest environs surrounding parts of the campus belie the University's proximity to downtown Durham. Construction projects have updated both the freshmen-populated Georgian-style East Campus and the main Gothic-style West Campus, as well as the adjacent Medical Center over the past five years.

Contents
[hide]

1 History o 1.1 Beginnings o 1.2 Expansion and growth o 1.3 Recent history 2 Campus o 2.1 Libraries and museums o 2.2 West, East, and Central Campuses o 2.3 Key places 3 Academics o 3.1 Graduate profile o 3.2 Undergraduate curriculum o 3.3 Research o 3.4 Rankings 4 Student life o 4.1 Residential life o 4.2 Greek and social life o 4.3 Activities 4.3.1 Student organizations 4.3.2 Civic engagement 4.3.3 Student media 5 Athletics o 5.1 Men's basketball o 5.2 Football 6 Alumni 7 Notes 8 External links

[edit] History
4

Main article: History of Duke University

[edit] Beginnings
One of the first buildings on the original Durham campus (East Campus), the Washington Duke Building ("Old Main"), was destroyed by a fire in 1911.

Duke started in 1838 as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school founded in Randolph County in the present-day town of Trinity.[14] Organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers, Brown's Schoolhouse became the Union Institute Academy in 1841 when North Carolina issued a charter. The academy was renamed Normal College in 1851 and then Trinity College in 1859 because of support from the Methodist Church.[14] In 1892 Trinity moved to Durham, largely due to generosity from Julian S. Carr and Washington Duke, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco and electrical industries.[9] Carr donated land in 1892 for the original Durham campus, which is now known as East Campus. At the same time, Washington Duke gave the school $85,000 for an initial endowment and construction costslater augmenting his generosity with three separate $100,000 contributions in 1896, 1899, and 1900with the stipulation that the college "open its doors to women, placing them on an equal footing with men."[15] In 1924 Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke, established The Duke Endowment with a $40 million trust fund. Income from the fund was to be distributed to hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church, and four colleges (including Trinity College). William Preston Few, the president of Trinity at the time, insisted that the institution be renamed Duke University to honor the family's generosity and to distinguish it from the myriad of other colleges and universities carrying the "Trinity" name. At first, James B. Duke thought the name change would come off as self-serving, but eventually he accepted Few's proposal as a memorial to his father.[9] Money from the endowment allowed the University to grow quickly. Duke's original campus, East Campus, was rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 with Georgian-style buildings. By 1930, the majority of the Collegiate Gothic-style buildings on the campus one mile (1.6 km) west were completed, and construction on West Campus culminated with the completion of Duke Chapel in 1935.[16]

James B. Duke established the Duke Endowment, which provides funds to numerous institutions, including Duke University.

[edit] Expansion and growth

Engineering, which had been taught since 1903, became a separate school in 1939. In athletics, Duke hosted and competed in the only Rose Bowl ever played outside California in Wallace Wade Stadium in 1942.[17] In 1963 the Board of Trustees officially desegregated the undergraduate college.[18] Increased activism on campus during the 1960s prompted Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to speak at the University in November 1964 on the progress of the civil rights movement. Terry Sanford, the former governor of North Carolina, was elected president of the university in 1969, propelling the Fuqua School of Business's opening, the William R. Perkins library completion, and the founding of the Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs (now
5

the Sanford School of Public Policy). The separate Woman's College merged back with Trinity as the liberal arts college for both men and women in 1972. Beginning in the 1970s, Duke administrators began a long-term effort to strengthen Duke's reputation both nationally and internationally. Interdisciplinary work was emphasized, as was recruiting minority faculty and students.[19][20][21] Duke University Hospital was finished in 1980 and the student union building was fully constructed two years later. In 1986 the men's soccer team captured Duke's first National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship, and the men's basketball team followed shortly thereafter with championships in 1991 and 1992.[14]

[edit] Recent history

The Levine Science Research Center is the largest single-site interdisciplinary research facility of any American university.[22]

Duke's growth and academic focus have contributed to continuing the university's reputation as an academic and research powerhouse.[23] The school has regularly sent three-member teams to the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, earning the title of the best collegiate undergraduate math team in the United States and Canada in 1993, 1996, and 2000. From 1996 to 2007, Duke's team finished in the top five 10 times, trailing only Harvard's 11 in that time period.[24] Construction continued on campus in the 1990s, with the 314,000-square-foot (29,200 m2) Levine Science Research Center (LSRC) opening in 1994 to house interdisciplinary research. Similar projects have updated both the freshmen-housed East Campus and the main West Campus, as well as the adjacent Medical Center, in the past two decades. In 1998 President Nan Keohane initiated a five-year $1.5 billion "Campaign for Duke" fundraising effort. Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. ('47) endowed the Pratt School of Engineering with a $35 million gift in 1999. The Campaign for Duke ended in 2003 with $2.36 billion raised, making it the fifth largest campaign in the history of American higher education.[25] Three students were named Rhodes Scholars in both 2002 and 2006, a number surpassed only by Harvard in 2002 and the United States Military Academy in 2006.[26][27] Overall, Duke has produced 42 Rhodes Scholars through 2011, including 21 in the 21-year period between 1990 to 2011.[28][29] In August 2005, Duke established a partnership with the National University of Singapore to develop a joint medical program, which had its first entering class in 2007.[30] The first working demonstration of an invisibility cloak was unveiled by Duke researchers in October 2006.[31] Figures from the 2008 fiscal year show research expenditures surpassed the $766 million mark. [32] Another notable event in 2006 occurred when three lacrosse team members were falsely accused of rape. Charges against the players were later dropped and the accused were declared innocent by the state's attorney general. The incident garnered significant media attention.[33]

[edit] Campus
6

Duke Chapel, a frequent icon for the university, can seat nearly 1,600 people and contains a 5,200-pipe organ.

Duke University owns 220 buildings on 8,610 acres (34.8 km2) of land, which includes the 7,200 acres (29 km2) Duke Forest.[7] The campus is divided into four main areas: West, East, and Central campuses and the Medical Center, which are all connected via a free bus service. On the Atlantic coast in Beaufort, Duke owns 15 acres (61,000 m2) as part of its marine lab. One of the major public attractions on the main campus is the 55-acre (220,000 m2) Sarah P. Duke Gardens, established in the 1930s.[7] Duke students often refer to the campus as "the Gothic Wonderland," a nickname referring to the Collegiate Gothic architecture of West Campus.[34][35] Much of the campus was designed by Julian Abele, one of the first prominent African-American architects and the chief designer in the offices of architect Horace Trumbauer.[36] The residential quadrangles are of an early and somewhat unadorned design, while the buildings in the academic quadrangles show influences of the more elaborate late French and Italian styles. The freshmen campus (East Campus) is composed of buildings in the Georgian architecture style.[7] The stone used for West Campus has seven primary colors and seventeen shades of color.[37] The university supervisor of planning and construction wrote that the stone has "an older, more attractive antique effect" and a "warmer and softer coloring than the Princeton stone" that gave the university an "artistic look."[37] James B. Duke initially suggested the use of stone from a quarry in Princeton, New Jersey, but later amended the plans to purchase a local quarry in Hillsborough to reduce costs.[37] Duke Chapel stands at the center of West Campus on the highest ridge. Constructed from 1930 to 1935, the chapel seats 1,600 people and, at 210 feet (64 m) is one of the tallest buildings in Durham County.[38] From February 2001 to November 2005, Duke spent $835 million on 34 major construction projects as part of a five-year strategic plan, "Building on Excellence."[39] Completed projects since 2002 include major additions to the business, law, nursing, and divinity schools, a new library, an art museum, a football training facility, two residential buildings, an engineering complex, a public policy building, an eye institute, two genetic research buildings, a student plaza, the French Family Science Center, and two new medical-research buildings.[40]

The Gothic Reading Room of Perkins Library

[edit] Libraries and museums

Main articles: Duke University Library System and Nasher Museum of Art

With more than six million volumes, the Duke University Library System is one of the ten largest private research university library systems in the U.S. and is 22nd largest among members of the Association of Research Libraries.[41] In addition to millions of books, there are 17.7 million manuscripts, 1.2 million public documents, and tens of thousands of films and videos.[42]
7

The William R. Perkins Library system comprises the Perkins Library complex (Perkins Library, Bostock Library, Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library and University Archives), Lilly Library (which houses materials on fine arts, philosophy, film and video, and performing arts), the Music Library, and the Pearse Memorial Library (located at the Marine Lab).[43] Besides the main William R. Perkins Library complex, the university library system also includes the separately-administered Ford (business), Divinity School, Goodson Law, and Medical Center libraries.[44] Duke's art collections are housed at the Nasher Museum of Art on Central Campus. The museum was designed by Rafael Violy and is named for Duke alumnus and art collector Raymond Nasher. The museum opened in 2005 at a cost of over $23 million and contains over 13,000 works of art, including works by Andy Warhol, Barkley L. Hendricks, Christian Marclay, Dario Robleto, and Kara Walker.[45]

[edit] West, East, and Central Campuses

West Campus, considered the main campus of the University, houses all the sophomores, along with some juniors and seniors.[46] Most of the academic and administrative centers are located there. Main West Campus, with Duke Chapel at its center, contains the majority of residential quads to the south, while the main academic quad, library, and Medical Center are to the north. The campus, spanning 720 acres (2.9 km2), includes Science Drive, which is the location of science and engineering buildings. Most of the campus eateries and sports facilitiesincluding the historic basketball stadium, Cameron Indoor Stadiumare on West Campus.[7][47]

The main West Campus is dominated by Neo-Gothic architecture. Shown here are typical residence halls.

East Campus, the original location of Duke after it moved to Durham,[48] functions as a freshman campus as well as the home of several academic departments. Since the 199596 academic year, all freshmenand only freshmen, except for upperclassmen serving as Resident Assistants have lived on East Campus, to build class unity. The campus encompasses 97 acres (390,000 m2) and is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from West Campus.[7] The Art History, History, Literature, Music, Philosophy, and Women's Studies Departments are housed on East.[48] Programs such as dance, drama, education, film, and the University Writing Program reside on East. The self-sufficient East Campus contains the freshman residence halls, a dining hall, coffee shop, post office, Lilly Library, Baldwin Auditorium, a theater, Brodie Gym, tennis courts, and several academic buildings.[48] Separated from downtown by a short walk, the area was the site of the Women's College from 1930 to 1972.[48]

East Campus, home to all Duke freshmen, features Georgian style architecture. 8

Baldwin Auditorium can be seen on the right side.

Central Campus, consisting of 122 acres (0.49 km2) between East and West campuses, houses around 850 juniors and seniors and 200 professional students in apartments.[49] It is home to the Nasher Museum of Art, the Freeman Center for Jewish Life, the Duke Police Department, the Duke Office of Disability Management, a Ronald McDonald House, and administrative departments such as Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Central Campus has several recreation and social facilities such as basketball courts, tennis courts, a sand volleyball court, barbecue grills and picnic shelters, a general gathering building called Devil's Den, the Mill Village, and a convenience store.[49]

Since 2005, there has been a long-term plan in place to restructure Central Campus over the subsequent 20 to 50 years.[50] The idea is to develop an "academic village" as a key center for the Duke community.[51] This academic village will provide living arrangements for undergraduate, graduate, and professional students and some faculty, plus dining, recreation, and academic support spaces while serving as a living laboratory for sustainability.[50][52]

[edit] Key places

Main articles: Duke Lemur Center, Duke University Medical Center, and Sarah P. Duke Gardens

The Sarah P. Duke Gardens attract more than 300,000 visitors each year.

Duke Forest, established in 1931, consists of 7,200 acres (29 km2) in six divisions, just west of West Campus.[13] The largest private research forest in North Carolina and one of the largest in the nation,[53] the Duke Forest demonstrates a variety of forest stand types and silvicultural treatments. Duke Forest is used extensively for research, and includes the Aquatic Research Facility, Forest Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I) research facility, two permanent towers suitable for micrometerological studies, and other areas designated for animal behavior and ecosystem study.[54] More than 30 miles (48 km) of trails are open to the public for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding.[55] The Duke Lemur Center, located inside the Duke Forest, is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered prosimian primates.[56] Founded in 1966, the Duke Lemur Center spans 85 acres (34 ha) and contains nearly 300 animals of 25 different species of lemurs, galagos and lorises.[57]

Entrance to the Medical Center from West Campus

The Sarah P. Duke Gardens, established in the early 1930s, is situated between West Campus and
9

the apartments of Central Campus. The gardens occupy 55 acres (22 ha), divided into four major sections:[58] the original Terraces and their surroundings; the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants, devoted to flora of the Southeastern United States; the W.L. Culberson Asiatic Arboretum, housing plants of Eastern Asia, as well as disjunct species found in Eastern Asia and Eastern North America; and the Doris Duke Center Gardens. There are five miles (8 km) of alles and paths throughout the gardens.[58] Duke University Medical Center, bordering Duke's West Campus northern boundary, combines one of the top-rated hospitals[59] and one of the top-ranked medical schools[60] in the U.S. Founded in 1930, the Medical Center occupies 8 million square feet (700,000 m) in 99 buildings on 210 acres (85 ha).[61] Duke University Marine Lab, located in the town of Beaufort, North Carolina, is also technically part of Duke's campus. The marine lab is situated on Pivers Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, 150 yards (140 m) across the channel from Beaufort. Duke's interest in the area began in the early 1930s and the first buildings were erected in 1938.[62] The resident faculty represent the disciplines of oceanography, marine biology, marine biomedicine, marine biotechnology, and coastal marine policy, and management. The Marine Laboratory is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories.[62]

[edit] Academics

Entrance to Bostock Library, which opened in the fall of 2005

Duke's student body consists of 6,504 undergraduates and 7,744 graduate and professional students (as of fall 2010).[7] The university has "historic and symbolic ties to the Methodist Church but it always has been independent in its governance."[3][4][5] For the undergraduate class of 2015, Duke received 29,689 applications, and accepted approximately 11% of them.[63] According to The Huffington Post, Duke ranks among the ten toughest universities to get into based on admissions data.[64] The yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) is approximately 45%.[65] For the class of 2014, 96% of admitted students ranked in the top 10% of their high school classes. The middle 50% range of SAT scores for firstyear students is 13801560 (old scale) or 20702340 (new scale), while the ACT range is 3134.
[66][67][68][69]

Demographics of student body Fall 2010[70][71] Undergrad Gradu U.S. uate ate Census[72] African 10% 5% 12.1% American Asian 22% 9% 4.3% American

10

Non-Hispanic White American Hispanic American Other/Unkno wn/ International

47% 7% 14%

54% 4% 28%

68% 14.5% N/A

Duke University has two schools for undergraduates: Trinity College of Arts and Sciences and Pratt School of Engineering.[73] From 2001 to 2011, Duke has had the sixth highest number of Fulbright, Rhodes, Truman, and Goldwater scholarships in the nation among private universities.[74][75][76][77] The University practices need-blind admissions and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated need. About 50 percent of all Duke students receive some form of financial aid, which includes need-based aid, athletic aid, and merit aid. The average need-based grant for the 20102011 academic year was estimated to exceed $34,000.[78][79] Roughly 60 merit-based scholarships are also offered, including the Angier B. Duke Memorial Scholarship, awarded for academic excellence. Other scholarships are geared toward students in North Carolina, African-American students, and highachieving students requiring financial aid.[78] Duke's endowment had a market value of $4.8 billion in the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2010. [7] The University's special academic facilities include an art museum, several language labs, the Duke Forest, the Duke Herbarium, a lemur center, a phytotron, a free electron laser, a nuclear magnetic resonance machine, a nuclear lab, and a marine lab. Duke is a leading participant in the National Lambda Rail Network and runs a program for gifted children known as the Talent Identification Program.[80][81]

Part of the Divinity School addition, Goodson Chapel

[edit] Graduate profile

In 2009, the School of Medicine received 5,166 applications[82] and accepted approximately 4% of them,[83] while the average GPA and MCAT scores for accepted students from 2002 through 2009 were 3.74 and 34, respectively.[84][85] The School of Law accepted approximately 13% of its applicants for the Class of 2014, while enrolling students had a median GPA of 3.75 and median LSAT of 170.[86] The University's graduate and professional schools include the Graduate School, the Pratt School of Engineering, the Nicholas School of the Environment, the School of Medicine, the Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, the School of Nursing, the Fuqua School of Business, the School of Law, the Divinity School, and the Sanford School of Public Policy.[87]

11

[edit] Undergraduate curriculum

The West Duke Building on East Campus replaced the destroyed Washington Duke Building.

Duke offers 36 arts and sciences majors, four engineering majors, and 46 additional majors that have been approved under Program II, which allows students to design their own interdisciplinary major.[88] Sixteen certificate programs also are available. Students may pursue a combination of a total of up to three majors, minors, and certificates. Eighty percent of undergraduates enroll in the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, while the rest are in the Pratt School of Engineering.[89] Trinity's curriculum operates under the revised version of "Curriculum 2000."[90] It ensures that students are exposed to a variety of "areas of knowledge" and "modes of inquiry." The curriculum aims to help students develop critical faculties and judgment by learning how to access, synthesize, and communicate knowledge effectively. The intent is to assist students in acquiring perspective on current and historical events, conducting research and solving problems, and developing tenacity and a capacity for hard and sustained work.[90]Freshmen can elect to participate in the FOCUS Program, which allows students to engage in an interdisciplinary exploration of a specific topic in a small group setting.[91] Pratt's curriculum is narrower in scope, but still accommodates double majors in a variety of disciplines. The school emphasizes undergraduate researchopportunities for hands-on experiences arise through internships, fellowship programs, and the structured curriculum. For the class of 2010, about 31% of Pratt undergraduates studied abroad,[92] small compared to the percentage for Trinity undergraduates (47%), but much larger than the national average for engineering students (3.2%).[93][94]

[edit] Research

The Fitzpatrick Center is home to many of Duke's engineering programs.

In the 2009 fiscal year, research expenditures surpassed $657 million, mostly in health care and life sciences.[10] In the 2005 fiscal year, Duke University Medical Center received the sixth-largest amount of funding from the National Institute of Health, netting $391.2 million.[95][96] Duke's funding increased 14.8% from 2004, representing the largest growth of any top-20 recipient.[96] In the 2008 fiscal year, Duke University School of Nursing was 18th nationally in the rankings of the National Institute of Health funding for nursing schools, netting more than $2.34 million, up 54 percent from 2007, when it ranked 30th nationally.[97] Throughout the school's history, Duke researchers have made breakthroughs, including the biomedical engineering department's development of the world's first real-time, three12

dimensional ultrasound diagnostic system and the first engineered blood vessels.[98] In the mechanical engineering department, Adrian Bejan developed the constructal theory, which explains the shapes that arise in nature. Duke has pioneered studies involving nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and complex systems in physics. In May 2006 Duke researchers mapped the final human chromosome, which made world news as the Human Genome Project was finally complete.[99] Reports of Duke researchers' involvement in new AIDS vaccine research surfaced in June 2006.[100] The biology department combines two historically strong programs in botany and zoology, while one of the divinity school's leading theologians is Stanley Hauerwas, whom Time named "America's Best Theologian" in 2001.[101] The graduate program in literature boasts several internationally renowned figures, including Fredric Jameson,[102] and Michael Hardt,[103] while philosophers Robert Brandon and Lakatos Award-winner Alexander Rosenberg contribute to Duke's ranking as the nation's best program in philosophy of biology, according to the Philosophical Gourmet Report.[104]

[edit] Rankings
University rankings (overall)
ARWU World[105] QS World[106] Times World[107] USNWR National[108] WM National[109] 35 14 24 9 27

Built in 1932, Old Chemistry has scientific symbols carved above the main doorway.

In the 2011 U.S. News & World Report ranking of undergraduate programs at doctoral granting institutions, Duke ranked 9th.[110] In the past twenty years, U.S. News & World Report has placed Duke as high as 3rd and as low as 10th.[111] In 2010 Duke was ranked 14th in the world in the QS World University Rankings and 24th in the world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[112][113] Duke was ranked the 14th-best university in the world by Newsweek[114] and 35th best globally by Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2010, focusing on quality of scientific research and the number of Nobel Prizes.[115] The Wall Street Journal ranked Duke sixth (fifth among universities) in its "feeder" rankings in 2006, analyzing the percentage of undergraduates that enroll in what it considers the top five medical, law, and business schools.[116] The 2010 report by the Center for Measuring University Performance puts Duke at 6th in the nation.[23] In 2005 Duke enrolled 117 National Merit Scholars, the 6th university in rank by number.[117] Duke ranks 5th among national universities to have produced Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater, and Udall Scholars.[118] According to the 20102011 PayScale's statistical study on "How Much a College Degree is Worth" through graduation rate, total cost to graduate,
13

and university's return on investment (ROI), Duke is ranked 9th nationally.[119] According to the 2011 Princeton Review's survey on "Top Dream Colleges" among parents, Duke ranked as the 6th dream university.[120] Kiplinger's 50 Best Values in Private Universities 201011 ranks Duke at 5th best overall after taking financial aid into consideration.[121] According to a study by Forbes, Duke ranks 11th among universities that have produced billionaires and 1st among universities in the South.[122][123] A survey by the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education in 2002 ranked Duke as the #1 university in the country in regard to the integration of African American students and faculty.[124] In U.S. News & World Report's "America's Best Graduate Schools 2012," Duke's medical school ranked 5th for research.[125] The hospital was ranked 10th in the nation by the 20102011 U.S. News & World Report Health Rankings of Best Hospitals in America.[126] The School of Law was ranked 11th in 2011 by the same publication, while law recruiters ranked the program 8th in the country.[125][127][128][129] Duke's nursing school ranked 7th in U.S. News & World Report's 2012 rankings,[125] while the Sanford School of Public Policy tied for 10th in 2010 for national public affairs programs,[130][131] Among business schools in the United States, the Fuqua School of Business was ranked 4th for its Executive M.B.A. program, 3rd for marketing, 9th for management, and 12th overall by U.S. News & World Report in 2011, while BusinessWeek ranked its full-time MBA program 6th in the nation in 2010.[132][133] The graduate program for the Pratt School of Engineering was ranked 31st while the biomedical engineering program was ranked 4th by U.S. News & World Report.[134] Taking the U.S. News & World Report Professional School Rankings in 2008 based on Mean Reputation Score, Duke ranks 7th among national universities.[135] Times Higher Education ranked the mathematics department tenth in the world in 2011.[136] Duke's graduate level specialties that are ranked among the top ten in the nation include areas in the following departments: biological sciences, medicine, nursing, engineering, law, business, English, history, physics, statistics, public affairs, physician assistant, clinical psychology, political science, and sociology.[137]

[edit] Student life

[edit] Residential life

East Campus' Union building, home to the freshman dining hall

Duke requires its students to live on campus for the first three years of undergraduate life, except for a small percentage of second semester juniors who are exempted by a lottery system.[46] This requirement is justified by the administration as an effort to help students connect more closely with one another and sustain a sense of belonging within the Duke community.[138] Thus, 85% of undergraduates live on campus.[139] All freshmen are housed in one of 14 residences on East Campus. These buildings range in occupancy size from 50 (Epworththe oldest residence hall, built in 1892 as "the Inn") to 190 residents (Gilbert-Addoms).[140][141] Most of these are in the Georgian style typical of the East Campus architecture. Although the newer residence halls differ
14

in style, they still relate to Easts Georgian heritage. Learning communities connect the residential component of East Campus with students of similar academic and social interests.[142] Similarly, students in FOCUS, a first-year program that features courses clustered around a specific theme, live together in the same residence hall as other students in their cluster.[143] The majority of sophomores reside on West Campus, but they may also elect to live on Central Campus.[144] Juniors and seniors can choose to reside on either of the two campuses, although the majority of undergraduate seniors choose to live off campus.[144][145] West Campus contains six quadranglesthe four along "Main" West were built in 1930s, while two newer ones have since been added. Central Campus provides housing for over 1,000 students in several apartment buildings.[146] Various learning communities are allocated sections of the quadrangles, thereby living close to one another, but still within the context of a larger community.[147] Twenty-seven "selective living groups" are housed within sections on West, including 15 fraternities.[148] Most of the non-fraternity selective living groups are coeducational.[149]

[edit] Greek and social life

Cameron Crazies gathering in K-ville

About 30% of undergraduate men and about 40% of undergraduate women at Duke are members of fraternities and sororities.[139] Most of the 15 Interfraternity Council recognized fraternity chapters live in sections within the residence halls, while the nine Panhellenic Association sorority chapters feature no such living arrangements, although students can elect to "block" in groups to live near one another.[148] Eight National Pan-Hellenic Council (historically African American) fraternities and sororities also hold chapters at Duke.[150] In addition, there are seven other fraternities and sororities that are a part of the Inter-Greek Council, the multicultural Greek umbrella organization.[151] Duke also has 11 Selective Living Groups, or SLGs, on campus for students wanting self-selected living arrangements. SLGs are residential groups similar to fraternities or sororities, except they are generally co-ed and unaffiliated with any national organizations.[152] Fraternity chapters frequently host social events in their residential sections, which are often open to non-members.[153] In the late-1990s, a new keg policy was put into effect that requires all student groups to purchase kegs through Duke Dining Services. According to administrators, the rule change was intended as a way to ensure compliance with alcohol consumption laws as well as to increase on-campus safety.[154] Some students saw the administration's increasingly strict policies as an attempt to alter social life at Duke.[155] As a result, off-campus parties at rented houses became more frequent in subsequent years as a way to avoid Duke policies. Many of these houses were situated in the midst of family neighborhoods, prompting residents to complain about excessive noise and other violations. Police have responded by breaking up parties at several houses, handing out citations, and occasionally arresting party-goers.[156] In the mid to late 2000s, the administration made a concerted effort to help students re-establish a robust, on-campus social life and has worked with
15

numerous student groups, especially the Duke University Union, to feature a wide array of events and activities. In March 2006, the university purchased 15 houses in the Trinity Park area that Duke students had typically rented and subsequently sold them to individual families in an effort to encourage renovations to the properties and to reduce off-campus partying in the midst of residential neighborhoods.[157][158] Duke athletics, particularly men's basketball, traditionally serves as a significant component of student life. Duke's students have been recognized as some of the most creative and original fans in all of collegiate athletics.[159] Students, often referred to as Cameron Crazies, show their support of the men's basketball team by "tenting" for home games against key Atlantic Coast Conference rivals, especially University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC).[160] Because tickets to all varsity sports are free to students, they line up for hours before each game, often spending the night on the sidewalk. For a mid-February game against UNC, some of the most eager students might even begin tenting before spring classes begin.[161] The total number of participating tents is capped at 100 (each tent can have up to 12 occupants), though interest is such that it could exceed that number if space permitted.[162] Tenting involves setting up and inhabiting a tent on the grass near Cameron Indoor Stadium, an area known as Krzyzewskiville, or K-ville for short. There are different categories of tenting based on the length of time and number of people who must be in the tent.[162] At night, K-ville often turns into the scene of a party or occasional concert. The men's basketball coach, Mike Krzyzewski, occasionally buys pizza for the inhabitants of the tent village.[163]

[edit] Activities
[edit] Student organizations

Duke's West Campus Union building has restaurants, offices, and some administrative departments. The Chronicle's administrative office, the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture, and the Center for LGBT Life are all located in the Union.

More than 400 student clubs and organizations operate on Duke's campus.[164] These include numerous student government, special interest, and service organizations.[165] Duke Student Government (DSG) charters and provides most of the funding for other student groups and represents students' interests when dealing with the administration.[166] The Duke University Union (DUU) is the school's primary programming organization, serving a center of social, cultural, intellectual and recreational life.[167] Campus Council is the school's residential student government, specializing in programming, policy, and facilities and services.[168] Cultural groups are provided funding directly from the university via the Multicultural Center as well as other institutional funding sources. One of the most popular activities on campus is competing in sports. Duke has 38 sports clubs, and 8 intramural teams that are officially recognized.[169] Performance groups such as Hoof 'n' Horn, the country's second oldest student-run musical theater organization, a cappella groups, student bands, and theater organizations are also
16

prominent on campus.[170] The Duke University Student Dining Advisory Committee provides guidance to the administration on issues regarding student dining, life, and restaurant choices. Cultural groups on campus include the Asian Students Association, Blue Devils United (the student lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender group), Black Student Alliance, Diya (South Asian Association), Jewish Life at Duke, Mi Gente (Latino Student Association), International Association/International Council, Muslim Student Association, Native American Student Coalition, Newman Catholic Student Center, Languages Dorm, and Students of the Caribbean.[164]
[171]

[edit] Civic engagement

The von der Heyden Pavilion is a popular place among students for gathering and studying.

According to The Princeton Review, Duke is one of 81 institutions in the country with outstanding community service programs.[172] In 2008 Duke received the Community Engagement Classification from Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.[173] In February 2007, Duke launched DukeEngage, a $30 million civic engagement program that allows undergraduates to participate in an in-depth service opportunity over the course of a summer or semester.[174] The program's scope has been called "unprecedented in U.S. higher education."[175] Duke students have created more than 30 service organizations in Durham and the surrounding area. Examples include a weeklong camp for children of cancer patients (Camp Kesem) and a group that promotes awareness about sexual health, rape prevention, alcohol and drug use, and eating disorders (Healthy Devils). The Duke-Durham Neighborhood Partnership, started by the Office of Community Affairs in 1996, attempts to address major concerns of local residents and schools by leveraging university resources.[176] Another community project, "Scholarship with a Civic Mission," is a joint program between the Hart Leadership Program and the Kenan Institute for Ethics.[177] Other programs include Project CHILD, a tutoring program involving 80 first-year volunteers; an after-school program for at-risk students in Durham that was started with $2.25 million grant from the Kellogg Foundation in 2002; and Project BUILD, a freshman volunteering group that dedicates 3,300 hours of service to a variety of projects such as schools, Habitat for Humanity, food banks, substance rehabilitation centers, and homeless shelters.[178] Some courses at Duke incorporate service as part of the curriculum to augment material learned in class such as in psychology or education courses (known as service learning courses).[179]
[edit] Student media See also: The Chronicle, Cable 13, and WXDU.

The Chronicle, Duke's independent undergraduate daily newspaper, has been continually published since 1905 and now, along with its website, has a readership of about 70,000.[180] Its editors are responsible for selecting the term "Blue Devil". The newspaper won Best in Show in the tabloid division at the 2005 Associated Collegiate Press National College Media Convention.
17

[181]

Cable 13, established in 1976, is Duke's student-run television station. It is a popular activity for students interested in film production and media.[182] WXDU-FM, licensed in 1983, is the University's nationally recognized, noncommercial FM radio station, operated by student and community volunteers.[183][184]

[edit] Athletics
Main article: Duke Blue Devils See also: Carolina-Duke rivalry

Duke Blue Devils mascot. This is an older design; an updated mascot was introduced in 2008.

Duke's 26 varsity sports teams, known as the Blue Devils, are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).[185] Duke's teams have won twelve NCAA team national championshipsthe women's golf team has won five (1999, 2002, 2005, 2006, and 2007), the men's basketball team has won four (1991, 1992, 2001, and 2010), and the men's soccer (1986), women's tennis (2009), and men's lacrosse (2010) teams have won one each.[186] In the past ten years, Duke has finished in the top 30 in the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) Directors' Cup, an overall measure of an institution's athletic success. In 2011 Duke finished fifth in all of Division I and placed the best in the ACC,[187] while the athletic program finished tenth in 2010.[188] Duke has won 118 ACC Championships, 47 of which have come since 19992000 (through 201011), which is the second most in the ACC.[189] Duke teams that have been ranked in the top ten nationally in the first decade of the 21st century include men's and women's basketball, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's fencing, men's and women's cross country running, men's and women's lacrosse, women's field hockey, and men's and women's golf. Ten of these teams were ranked in the top ten in the country during the 201011 school year, while 17 were in the top 25.[190] The men's lacrosse program has proven successful, reaching the NCAA tournament semifinals in six consecutive participating seasons from 2005 to 2011,[191][192][193][194][195] including winning the national championship in 2010. The Blue Devil mascot's origins are rooted in an elite French alpine fighting unit that garnered accolades and much global attention during World War I and its aftermath for its flowing blue capes and blue berets.[196] Duke's mascot origin is considered to be military and patriotic rather than anti-religious.[196] Historically, Duke's major rival has been the Tar Heels of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, especially in basketball. The rivalry has led the fanbases to identify the two differing shades of blue in relation to their respective universitycalling the lighter powder blue "Carolina blue" and the darker blue "Duke blue".[197] On the academic front, according to a 2006 evaluation conducted by the NCAA, Duke's student18

athletes have the highest graduation rate of any institution in the nation.[198] From 2005 to 2010, Duke has placed in the top three every year (and finished first in 2005 through 2007) among Division I schools in the National Collegiate Scouting Association Power Rankingsa combination of the institution's Director's Cup standing, its athletic graduation rate, and its academic rank in U.S. News & World Report.[199][200][201][202][203][204] Duke led the ACC in Honor Roll inductees 23 out of the last 24 years through the 20102011 academic year.[205]

[edit] Men's basketball

Main article: Duke Blue Devils men's basketball Duke's famous Cameron Indoor Stadium

Duke's men's basketball team is one of the nation's most successful basketball programs.[206][207] The team has captured four National Championships (fifth place all time), while attending 15 Final Fours (third place overall) and 10 Championship games (tied for second).[208] Duke has the most Atlantic Coast Conference championships, with 18, and has the most National Players of the Year in the nation, with 11.[209] Seventy-two players have been selected in the NBA Draft, while 32 players have been honored as All-Americans.[210] Duke's program is one of only two to have been to at least one Final Four and one National Championship game in each of the past five decades.[211] The program's home facility is historic Cameron Indoor Stadium, considered one of the top venues in the nation.[212] The team's success has been particularly outstanding over the past 30 years under coach Mike Krzyzewski (often simply called "Coach K"), who also has coached the USA men's national basketball team since 2006 and led the team to Olympic gold in 2008 and to World Championship gold in 2010. Their successes include becoming the only team to win four national championships since the NCAA Tournament field was expanded to 64 teams in 1985, 11 Final Fours in the past 25 years, and eight of nine ACC tournament championships from 1999 to 2006.
[213]

Wallace Wade Stadium

[edit] Football
Main article: Duke Blue Devils football

The Blue Devils have won seven ACC Football Championships, have had ten players honored as ACC Player of the Year (the most in the ACC),[185] and have had three Pro Football Hall of Famers come through the program (second in the ACC to only Miami's four). The Blue Devils have produced 11 College Football Hall of Famers, which is tied for the 2nd most in the ACC. Duke has also won 18 total conference championships (7 ACC, 9 Southern Conference, and 1 Big Five Conference). That total is the highest in the ACC.[214] The most famous Duke football season came in 1938,[215] when Wallace Wade coached the "Iron Dukes" that shut out all regular season opponents; only three teams in history can claim such a
19

feat.[216] That same year, Duke made their first Rose Bowl appearance, where they lost 73 when USC scored a touchdown in the final minute of the game.[215] Wade's Blue Devils lost another Rose Bowl to Oregon State in 1942, this one held at Duke's home stadium due to the attack on Pearl Harbor, which resulted in the fear that a large gathering on the West Coast might be in range of Japanese aircraft carriers.[217] The football program proved successful in the 1950s and 1960s, winning six of the first ten ACC football championships from 1953 to 1962 under coach Bill Murray; the Blue Devils would not win the ACC championship again until 1989 under coach Steve Spurrier.[218] Duke has not had a winning football season since 1994.[219] David Cutcliffe was brought in prior to the 2008 season, and amassed more wins in his first season than the previous three years combined. The 2009 team won 5 of 12 games, and was eliminated from bowl contention in the next-to-last game of the season.[219] Mike MacIntyre, the defensive coordinator, was named 2009 Assistant Coach of the Year by the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA).[220] While the football team has struggled at times on the field, the graduation rate of its players is consistently among the highest among Division I-A schools. Duke's high graduation rates have earned it more AFCA Academic Achievement Awards than any other institution.[221]

[edit] Alumni
Main article: List of Duke University people

Duke's active alumni base of more than 130,000 devote themselves to the university through organizations and events such as the annual Reunion Weekend and Homecoming.[222] There are 75 Duke clubs in the U.S. and 38 such international clubs.[223] For the 200809 fiscal year, Duke tied for third in alumni giving rate among U.S. colleges and universities according to U.S. News & World Report.[224] Based on statistics compiled by PayScale in 2011, Duke alumni rank seventh in mid-career median salary among all U.S. colleges and universities.[225] A number of alumni have made significant contributions in the fields of government, law, science, academia, business, arts, journalism, and athletics, among others. Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States graduated with a law degree in 1937.[226] Former U.S. Senator and Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole,[227] 33rd President of Chile Ricardo Lagos,[228] former U.S. Secretary of Commerce Juanita M. Kreps,[229] congressman and three-time presidential candidate Ron Paul,[230] U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs and former Chief of Staff of the United States Army Eric Shinseki,[231] and the first United States Chief Performance Officer Jeffrey Zients[232] are among the most notable alumni with involvement in politics. In the research realm, Duke graduates who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics include Hans Dehmelt for his development of the ion trap technique,[233] Robert Richardson for his discovery of superfluidity in helium-3,[234] and Charles Townes for his work on quantum electronics.[235] Other alumni in research and academia include Turing Award winners Fred Brooks[236] and John Cocke, [237] Templeton Prize winning physicist and religion scholar Ian Barbour,[238] MacArthur Award
20

recipient Paul Farmer,[239] and former Dean of the Graduate School at Princeton Theodore Ziolkowski.[240] Prominent journalists include talk show host Charlie Rose,[241] The Washington Post sports writer John Feinstein,[242] Chief Washington Correspondent for CNBC and The Wall Street Journal writer John Harwood,[243] CBS News President Sean McManus,[244] chief legal correspondent for Good Morning America Dan Abrams,[245][246] and CNN anchor and senior correspondent for The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer Judy Woodruff.[247] Basketball analysts and commentators include Jay Bilas,[248][249] Mike Gminski,[250] Jim Spanarkel,[251] and Jay Williams.[252] Magazine editors include Rik Kirkland of Fortune[253] and Clay Felker of New York.[254] In the area of literature, William C. Styron won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1968 for his novel The Confessions of Nat Turner and is well known for his 1979 novel Sophie's Choice.[255] Anne Tyler also received the Pulitzer Prize for her 1988 novel Breathing Lessons.[256] In the arts realm, Annabeth Gish[257] (actress in the X-Files and The West Wing), Ken Jeong[258] (actor in The Hangover and Community), Randall Wallace[259] (screenwriter, producer, and director, Braveheart, Pearl Harbor, We Were Soldiers), Mike Posner[260] (singer, songwriter, and producer, Cooler Than Me, Please Don't Go) and David Hudgins[261] (television writer and producer, Everwood, Friday Night Lights) headline the list. On the business front, the current or recent President, CEO, or Chairman of each of the following Fortune 500 companies is a Duke alumnus: Apple (Tim Cook),[262] BB&T (John A. Allison IV), [263] Boston Scientific Corporation (Peter Nicholas),[264] Chesapeake Energy (Aubrey McClendon), [265] Cisco System (John Chambers),[266] General Motors (Rick Wagoner),[267] JPMorgan Chase (Steven Black),[268] Medtronic (William A. Hawkins),[269] Morgan Stanley (John J. Mack),[270] Norfolk Southern (David R. Goode),[271] Northwest Airlines (Gary L. Wilson),[272] PepsiCo (Karl von der Heyden),[273] Pfizer (Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.),[274] and Wachovia (Robert K. Steel).[275] Kevin Martin was Chairman of the FCC,[276] and Rex Adams serves as the Chairman of PBS.[277] Another alumna, Melinda Gates,[278] is the co-founder of the $31.9 billion Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the nation's wealthiest charitable foundation.[279][280] Management and ownership of professional athletic franchises include John Angelos[281] (Executive Vice President of the Baltimore Orioles), Aubrey McClendon[282] (partial owner of the Oklahoma City Thunder), John Canning, Jr.[283] (co-owner of Milwaukee Brewers), Danny Ferry[284] (former general manager of the Cleveland Cavaliers), Stephen Pagliuca[285] (co-owner of Boston Celtics), and Jeffrey Vinik[286] (owner of the Tampa Bay Lightning). Finally, several athletes have become stars at the professional level, especially in basketball's NBA. Shane Battier, Corey Maggette, Elton Brand, Carlos Boozer, Christian Laettner, Bobby Hurley, Grant Hill, and J.J. Redick are among the most famous.[287]

: 25

Northwestern University
21

Quaecumque sunt vera (Latin)

Motto Ho logos pleres charitos kai aletheias (Greek)

Motto in English

Whatsoever things are true (Philippians 4:8 AV)

The word full of grace and truth (Gospel of John 1:14)

Established 1851 Type Private

Endowment US $6.3 billion[1] President Provost Academic staff Morton O. Schapiro Daniel I. Linzer approximately 3,108 full-time faculty[2]

Undergradu 8,425 (1011)[2] ates Postgraduat 10,759 (1011)[2] es Location Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Evanston main campus, Suburban, 240 acres (97 ha); Chicago campus, Urban, 25 acres (10 ha) Purple (official) and (unofficial)[3] NCAA Division I, Big Ten Wildcats Willie the Wildcat Association of American White

Campus

Colors Athletics Mascot Affiliations 22

Universities, COFHE Website northwestern.edu

Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA. Northwestern has eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools offering 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees.[4][5] Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, and eight other lawyers, businessmen and Methodist leaders to serve the people of a region that had once been known as the Northwest Territory. Instruction began in 1855; women were admitted in 1869. Today, the main campus is a 240-acre (97 ha) parcel in Evanston, along the shores of Lake Michigan. The university's law and medical schools are located on a 25-acre (10 ha) campus in Chicago's Streeterville neighborhood. In 2008, the University opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication. In academic year 2010-11, Northwestern enrolled 8,397 undergraduate and 7,870 graduate and professional students.[6] Northwestern has one of the top ten university endowments in the United States.[1][7] One of only 62 institutions elected to the Association of American Universities (1917), Northwestern was awarded more than $500 million in research grants in 20092010.[8][9] Its schools of management, engineering, and communication, for example, are among the most academically productive in the nation.[10] Northwestern is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and remains the only private university in the conference. The Northwestern Wildcats compete in 19 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA's Division I.

Contents
[hide]

1 History 2 Campuses o 2.1 Evanston o 2.2 Chicago o 2.3 Satellite Campus in Qatar o 2.4 Sustainability 3 Organization and administration 4 Academics o 4.1 Libraries and Museums o 4.2 Research 5 Campus life o 5.1 Traditions o 5.2 Media o 5.3 Performing Arts

23

6 7

8 9

5.4 Service 5.5 Undergraduate Housing Athletics People o 7.1 Student body o 7.2 Faculty o 7.3 Alumni Notes and references Further reading
o o

10 External links

[edit] History
Main article: History of Northwestern University

The history of Northwestern University is traceable to a meeting on May 31, 1850, of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had once been known as the Northwest Territory. On January 28, 1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the NorthWestern University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois.[11][12][a] The schools nine founders, all of whom were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting.[13] Although they affiliated the university with the Methodist Episcopal Church, they were committed to non-sectarian admissions, believing that Northwestern should serve all people in the newly developing territory.[14] John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres (153 ha) of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5, 1855.[15] To raise funds for construction, Northwestern sold $100 "perpetual scholarships" entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition.[16][17] In 1873 the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragette and as one of the founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), became the school's first dean of women. Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874.[18] Willard Residential College (1938) is named in her honor. Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago. As the university increased in wealth and distinction, and enrollments grew, these professional schools were integrated with the undergraduate college in Evanston; the result was a modern research university combining professional, graduate, and undergraduate programs, which gave equal weight to teaching and research.[19][20] The Association of American Universities invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917.
Deering Library (1933) 24

Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers to house the professional schools; established the Kellogg School of Management; and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, Dyche Stadium (now named Ryan Field) and Deering Library among others. In 1933, a proposal to merge Northwestern with the University of Chicago was considered but rejected.[21][22] Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939 in the original Patten Gymnasium, later demolished and relocated farther north to make room for the Technological Institute.
University Hall (1869), the second building constructed on campus, and the oldest building still standing.

Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II. Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, when nearly 50,000 military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses. After the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove drastic expansion of both campuses. In 1948 prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution.[23] J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 19491970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University.[24] Relations between Evanston and Northwestern were strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism,[25] disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement,[26] as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972.[27][28] Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town and gown tension. Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw a notable increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution, and the Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men.[29][30] On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates.[31] The Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal, Quaecumque sunt vera (Whatsoever things are true) is drawn from the Epistle of Paul to the Philippians 4:8, while the Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book is taken from the Gospel of John 1:14: (The Word full of grace and truth).[32][33] Purple became Northwestern's official color in 1892,[34] replacing black and gold after a university committee concluded that too many other universities had used these colors. Today, Northwestern's official color is purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, Alma Mater (1907) ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.[3][35]
25

[edit] Campuses
See also: List of Northwestern University buildings

[edit] Evanston
Northwestern's Evanston campus is located on Lake Michigan.

Northwestern's Evanston campus, where the undergraduate schools, the Graduate School, and the Kellogg School of Management are located, runs north-south from Lincoln Avenue to Clark Street west of Lake Michigan along Sheridan Road. North and South Campuses have noticeably different atmospheres, owing to the predominance of Science and Athletics in the one and Humanities and Arts in the other. North Campus is home to the fraternity quads, the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and Norris Aquatics Center and other athletic facilities, the Technological Institute, Dearborn Observatory, and other science-related buildings including Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Hall for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center. South Campus is home to the University's humanities buildings, Pick-Staiger Concert Hall and other music buildings, the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, and the sorority quads. In the 1960s, the University created an additional 84 acres (34.0 ha) by means of a lakefill in Lake Michigan. Among some of the buildings located on these broad new acres are University Library, Norris University Center (the student union), and Pick-Staiger Concert Hall. The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field. Pace Suburban Bus Service and the CTA have several bus routes that run through or near the Evanston campus.

Panorama of Northwestern University in Evanston

[edit] Chicago

The Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (1927) at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, America's first academic skyscraper.[36]

Northwestern's Chicago campus is located in the city's Streeterville neighborhood. The Chicago campus is home to the medical school and affiliated hospitals, the law school, the part-time MBA program, and the School of Continuing Studies, which offers evening and weekend courses for working adults. Northwestern's professional schools and affiliated hospitals are about
26

four blocks east of the Chicago station on the CTA Red Line. The Chicago campus is also served by CTA bus routes. Founded at various times in the university's history, the professional schools originally were scattered throughout Chicago.[37] In connection with a 1917 master plan for a central Chicago campus and President Walter D. Scott's capital campaign, 8.5 acres (3.44 ha) of land were purchased at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Lake Shore Drive for $1.5 million in 1920.[37][37] [38] The architect James Gamble Rogers was commissioned to create a master plan for the principal buildings on the new campus which he designed in collegiate gothic style. In 1923, Mrs. Montgomery Ward donated $8 million to the campaign to finance the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building which would house the medical and dental schools and to create endowments for faculty chairs, research grants, scholarships, and building maintenance.[39] The building would become the first skyscraper housing academic facilities in the United States. [36] In addition to the Ward Building, Rogers designed Wieboldt Hall to house facilities for the School of Commerce[40] and Levy Mayer Hall to house the School of Law.[41] The new campus comprising these three new buildings was dedicated during a two-day ceremony in June 1927. The Chicago campus continued to expand with the addition of Thorn Hall in 1931 and Abbott Hall in 1939.[37][42]

[edit] Satellite Campus in Qatar

In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar, joining five other American universities: Carnegie Mellon University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Texas A&M University, and Virginia Commonwealth University.[43] Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, Qatar offers bachelors degrees in journalism and communication respectively.[44] The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development provided funding for construction and administrative costs as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses.
[45][46]

[edit] Sustainability
In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a B- on its College Sustainability Report Card.[47] The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.[48] Northwestern requires that all new buildings be LEED-certified. Silverman Hall on the Evanston campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2010; Wieboldt Hall on the Chicago campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center on the Evanston campus was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement
27

over energy code requirements where technically feasible.[49] The university also released at the beginning of the 2008-09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access.[50] Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. Annually more than 1,500 tons are recycled at Northwestern, which represents 30% of the waste produced on campus. Additionally, all landscape waste at the university is composted.[51]

[edit] Organization and administration

Northwestern is privately owned and governed by an appointed board of trustees. The board, composed of 70 members and as of 2011 chaired by William A. Osborn, delegates its power to an elected president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university.[52] Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents), the current president, Morton O. Schapiro, an economist, having succeeded Henry Bienen whose 14-year tenure ended on August 31, 2009.[53][54][55] The president has a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters.[56] Daniel I. Linzer, provost since September 2007, serves under the president as the chief academic officer of the university to whom the deans of every academic school, leaders of cross-disciplinary units, and chairs of the standing faculty committee report.[57] The Associated Student Government consists of the elected representatives of the undergraduate students and the Graduate Student Association represents graduate students.[58][59] Northwestern University is composed of 11 schools and colleges. The faculty for each school consists of the dean of the school and the instructional faculty. Faculty are responsible for teaching, research, advising students, and serving on committees. Each school's admission requirements, degree requirements, courses of study, and disciplinary and degree recommendations are determined by the voting members of that school's faculty (assistant professor and above).[60] Northwestern's endowment was $5.9 billion in mid 2010, estimated as ninth among US and Canadian universities.[7] By August 2010 it had grown to $6.3 billion, with an estimated rank of eighth.[1] In 2003, Northwestern finished a five-year capital campaign that raised $1.55 billion, $150 million more than its goal. In 2007, the university sold its royalty interest in the pain relief drug Lyrica for $700 million, a drug developed at Northwestern by Richard Bruce Silverman, the John Evans Professor of Chemistry. This was the largest such sale in history,[61] the proceeds of which were added to the endowment.[62]

Undergraduate and Graduate Programs

Evanston Campus

Graduate and Professional

Evanston Campus

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Judd A. and Marjorie Weinberg College of Kellogg School of Arts and Sciences (1851) Management (1908) School of Communication (1878) The Graduate School (1910) Henry and Leigh Bienen School of Music (1895) Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering Chicago Campus and Applied Science (1909) Medill School of Journalism (1921) Feinberg School of School of Education and Social Policy (1926) Medicine (1859) Kellogg School of School of Continuing Studies (1933) Management (1908)

School of Law (1859)

Chicago Campus

School of Continuing Studies (1933)

[edit] Academics
University rankings (overall)
ARWU World[63] Forbes National[64] QS World[65] Times World[66] USNWR National[67] 29 11 24 25 12

Northwestern is a large, residential research university.[8] Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine, [68] the university offers 124 undergraduate programs and 145 graduate and professional programs.[4][5] NU conferred 2,219 bachelors degrees, 2,971 masters degrees, 447 doctoral degrees, and 444 professional degrees in 20092010.[6] The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences, plus the professions of engineering, journalism, communication, music, and education.[8] Although a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences is required in all majors, there is no required common core curriculum; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school.[60] Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Undergraduates typically take 4 courses each quarter and 12 courses in an academic year and[69]
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are required to complete at least 12 quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism.[70] The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs.[8]

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