IV SUMMARY CHECK Complete the following text by filling in the blank spaces.

Some of the expressions you will require are givin below. A dotted line requiresa phares to be added, and a straight line requires a word. The Answer Where and when water is in short supply irrigation is needed in order to make up for natural rainfall. There are two main sources of irrigation water : surface water and ground water. Surface water is provided by the flowing waters of rivers or is obtained from the still water of tanks, ponds or artificial duct. Subterranean water is tapped by digging or drilling wells. Wells may be shallow wells which have been dug by hand or tube-bored wells. Which have been drained. In either case water must be lifted before it can be used for irrigation. For a given type of soil the amount of water which is required varies with the type of crop the plant, its physiological make-up and the length of the growing season. Where and when there is too much water in the soil, some of it must be drained off. Thus, Irrigation and Drainage are like two faces of a coin. While the purpose of irrigation is to arrange for sufficient water in the soil for satisfactory function, the purpose of drainange is to remove water moisture from the root zone. To avoid an excess of moisture, care must be taken to get rid of any collection of water either above or below ground surface. There are three methods of doing drainage : by ditching, by laying a porous drainage tiles and by using mole drains.

EXERCISE C Relationship between statement Part 2 Consequence, contrast, exemplification, and explanation Relate the sentences indicated with the following expressions. Write out all the sentences. Replace and re-order the words in the sentences where necessary. The Answer a) (i) The finer the particle become, the more slowly the water percolates, or passes, through the soil. So heavy soils such as clay are more impermeable than light soils. The answer : therefore The finer particle become, the more slowly the water percolates, or passes, through the soils. Therefore heavy soils such as clay are more impermeable than light soils (ii) The answer : hence The finer particle become, the more slowly the water percolates, or passes, through the soils. Hence heavy soils such as clay are more impermeable than light soils.

b) (i) Ditches can be cut at certain intervals between crops. These will remove surface water. The answer : with the result that Ditches can be cut at certain intervals between crops. With the result that it will remove surface water. c) (i) It depends, firstly, on the type of soil, and the deficit in the soil. By this we mean the amount of water which is needed to bring the soil to full capacity. The answer : that is to say It depends, firstly, on the type of soil, and the deficit in the soil. That is to say we mean the amount of water which is needed to bring the soil to full capacity. (ii) The answer : or It depends, firstly, on the type of soil, and the deficit in the soil. Or we mean the amount of water which is needed to bring the soil to full capacity. d) (i) It also depends on the type of crop, the stage of growth of the crop and the amount which it will use at that particular time. The Irrigation requirement of a crop is not the same throughthout its growing period. The answer : this is because It also depends on the type of crop, the stage of growth of the crop and the amount which it will use at that particular time. This is because the Irrigation requirement of a crop is not the same throughthout its growing period. e) (i) Most plants require larger quantities of water during the later stages than in earlier stages. Sugar cane needs heavier irrigation or more frequent irrigation from about the sixth or seventh month onwards. In the sam way, grain crops require their maximum irrigation during the time earheads are forming. The answer : For example Most plants require larger quantities of water during the later stages than in earlier stages. For example sugar cane needs heavier irrigation or more frequent irrigation from about the sixth or seventh month onwards. In the sam way, grain crops require their maximum irrigation during the time earheads are forming. (ii) The answer : similarity Most plants require larger quantities of water during the later stages than in earlier stages. Similarity sugar cane needs heavier irrigation or more frequent irrigation from about the sixth or seventh month onwards. In the sam way, grain crops require their maximum irrigation during the time earheads are forming.