n

IVYERS-

. N A V Y BEACH BATTALION A T SALEWO

BUREAU OF

DECEMBER 1943

NUMBER 321
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REARADMIRALRANDALL JACOBS, USN The Chief o f Navul Personnel REARADMIRALL. E. DENFELD,USN The Assistant Chief of Navul Pemonnel

Table o Contents f
Page Last Battle of the Battling B. . . . . . . . . . They Deliver the Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPECIAL WAR SECTION ANNIVERSARY .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navys Second Year of W a r . . . . . . . . . . U. S. Naval Vessels Lost. . . . . . . . . . . . . Medal of Honor Winners. . . . . . . . . . . Chronology of Year. . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . Graphic Highlights, First War Year. .. Strategic Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphic Highlights, Second War Year. 1918-1943: A Comparison. . . . . . . . . . .

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Light Cruiser With a Heavy Wallop. .. . After a Ship Goes Down-. ....... . ... Training Tip: Fractures. . . . . . . . . . . . . The Knockout at Midway. . . . . . . . . . . . . Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Letters to the Editor. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . News of the Month. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T h e W a r a t Sea (Communiques) . . . . . . . . The Finest Man I Ever Knew. . . . . . . . . . What Is Your Naval I. Q.? . . . . . . . . . . . Decorations and Citations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . BuPers Bulletin Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CUMULATIVE INDEX, 1943 ISSUES. .

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36 37 41 46 47 48 63 6s

This magazine is published monthly in Washington, D. C., bytheBureau of N a v a l Personnel for the information and interest of the Naval Service as a whole. By BuPers CircularLetter 162-43, distribution is tobeeffectedtoallowallhands easyaccess to each issue. AllactivitiesshouldkeeptheBureau informed of howmanycopiesarerequired. All original material herein may be reprinted as desired.

PASS THIS COPY ALONG AFTER YOU H V READ IT AE

THIS DRAWlNG of the USS Bories encounter with manhitby

an empty shell case hurled bya U . S. right another Navy gunner, a U-boat was prepared bya Coast Guard combat Navy gunner. At artist on the basis of oficial reports amd eyewitmess unable t o depresshis gun enough to bear on the accomts. Caught in the searchlight beam is the Ger- sub, fires through a hole cut in its spray shield.

Last Battle of the Battling B

USS Borie Sinks U-Boat in Hand-to-Hand Engagement-Cited with Entire Task Unit
I n a savage hand-to-hand battle with a huge U-boat, in which crewmen used shotguns, pistols, empty shell cases and even knives, the over-age destroyer uss Bo& limped away the victor. Then, her aged plates crushed ramming in the s u b m a r i n e , the Bories crew was removed and she was sunk by planes from her own task group carrier. F o r destroying more U-boatsthan Lt. Comdr. Hutchinsany team in naval history, the entire task unit of which the Boric was a member received the presidential Unit Citation upon its return from theAtlantic. This i s the first time a taskunithas received such a citation. I t was about three months ago, when the U-boats reappeared in the Atlantic shipping lanes with heavier armament, prepared to battle it out with planes, that Task Unit 21.14 launched its epic campaign. In the unit were the escort carrier Card, one of the new baby flat-tops; Composite Squadrons 1 and 9, each composed of Avenger torpedo bombers and Wildcat fighters; and three over-age destroyers of 1917 vintage, the Borie, G o f f and Barry. The log of the Card indicates that her commander, Capt. Arnold J. Isbell, USN, believed he could best carry out his mission by simplywading into a pack of submarines and fighting it out at close quarters. And thats exactly what his unit did. One night the Borie, known in the fleet as the Battling B, ranged from the Card on a night foray. She had been gone only a few hours when this terse message came back to the Card I Scratch one pig boat. .Am searching for more. What happened when the Borie encountered a second U-boat and drove herprow completely over it is best described by her commanding officer, Lt. Comdr. (then Lieut.) Charles H. Hutchins, USNR. We held him there started and shooting with everything we had, he explained. Some men fired shotguns ; the executive officer grabbed a tommygun started and shooting from the bridge;others used pistols. One boy even took a signal pistol and fired a t the sub. Therangewas so short one gull couldnt be brought to bear on the subgun started marine, so the captain throwing empty shell cases and he knocked one man off the deck of the sub. Another fellow threwhis knife. He said later hed never been able to floor before, but stick a knifeinthe this time he hit a man on the sub and knocked him overboard. One othergun crew couldnt fire because their shield wasinthe way. They cut a hole in the shield and fired right through it. After about ten minutes of virtual hand-to-hand fighting, the sub brokc

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Ofticinl U . S. N a r y Photographs.

END OF THE BORIE: Mortallywounded in a uictorious battle with a U-boat, theUSS Borie is shown here before just she was sunk byNavytorpedo bombers from the USS Card. Theskipper of the ouer-age destroyergave the order to abandon ship the day after she rammed and sank a German submarine in the Atlantic. Survivors were picked up by t w o other destroyers of the task unit.
made a beautiful strafing run, giving that sub a methodical going over with his machineguns. Butas I followed him in, I got some AA in my fuselage, puttingout my inter-plane communication and electrical systems and also damaging the vertical fin of my plane and the Everything rudder. happened so suddenly, and the damage to my electrical system prevented the release of bombs on my first run. I pulled upandoutfor a second attack,with myengine popping and cutting out. Meanwhile, Sprague

BORIE SURVIVORS honor their deaa27 officers and men-at memorial services aboard the USS Card. O n thebridge,conductingthe service over the ships loudspeaker system, is Lt. (jg) S . W . Bell ChC, USN. Beside him are Capt. Arnold J. Isbell, USN, commanding officer of the Cardalzd (nearest camera) Lieut. Comdr. (them Lieut.) Charles H. Hutchins, USNR, commanding officer of the Borie.
OHagan (James H. OHagan, AMM3c, USNR) was outallright,but saw no sign of the radio operator, Downes (John D. Downes, ACRM, USNR). I swam into the plane to look for him, but got only half way into the tunnel when theplane sank. I looked up t o see Sprague going in for another attack, and then OHagan and I got the life raft inflated. I didnt see o r hear Sprague again. Afterpaddlingtheirwaythrough the stricken U-boats oil slick, so new we could smell fresh oil, Lieutenant Sallengerand OHagan werespotted by planes fromthe Card and picked up by the Barry after spending seven hours in the water.

was making another excellent strafing run on theother sub. When I went in on my second run, I got hit again and the wing burst into flames. HOWever, I made my drop and looked back to make sure my bombs exploded intheproper place. The explosions, which seemed to go off right under the sub, covered it with water. My wing was now burning badly, so I dropped my remaining bombs and made a water landing. It put out .the. fire in the wing. I got out of the plane and saw that the turret gunner,

ANTISUBMARINE FLEET SET

UP

boats, ( 2 ) protection of Allied shipOrganization wf the Tenth Fleet, to the frontiers concerned, exercise unity of control over the ping in sea (3) support of other antisubmarine Navys war against the U-boat in the (4) Atlantic,was publicly announced last forcesoperatingintheAtlantic, month. It had been functioning se- control of convoys andshippingthat are U. S. responsibilities, and (5) corcretly for six months. In addition to other his duties, Ad- relation of U. S. antisubmarine repersonnel instruction. miralErnest J. King, USN, comman- search and and The Tenth Fleet has four principal der-in-chief of the U. S. Fleet, chief of naval operations, retained the divisions-operations, anti-submarine immediate direction of antisubmarine operations is andthe Commander, measures, convoy and routing, and a this 0 1 Tenth Fleet. Rear Admiral Francis s. Scientific Council. Through hw, USN, assistant chief of staff ganization the Fleet Tenth makes (antisubmarine), U. S. Fleet,is chief available latestinformation on antiof staff of Tenth the Fleet. submarine developments, intelligence, The new fleet is assigned the fol- training operating and procedures t o lowing tasks: (1) destruction of U- other Atlantic commands.

it was learned Ensign Sprague, later, his saw teammates plane go down and persisted in his attack againsttheremaining U-boat which wasusingheavy caliber antiaircraft guns. Badly hit by flak, Ensign Spragues plane into crashed the water. An extensive searchwas conducted, but was found, he not and both Ensign Sprague and Downes are listed as missing in action.
While thetotal number of submarine sinkings credited to Task Unit 21.14 cannot be disclosed, at least five were definitely sunk in this three-dag period.

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 N e w York Daily ATen7s Photographs.

HOLD of medium-sized cargo uessel contains oil trucks (left), ambulances, water supply truck (right). All spaces between vehicles will be filled with broken stowage.

DECK of cargo uessel at an EastCoast

locomotiue. Clearance between life raft engine and the quarter-deck in front inches.

port carries past cab of was four

The Navy Delivers the -Goods

Convoy and Routing System Gets Through More Ships With More Goods for Allies Than Ever Before

By HOWARD G. BARNES
Ensign, USNR ( O n duty in the ofice of the port director, Third Naval District).

From the moment a ship enters the port, fact in from the moment she leaves any other port bound for New York, she becomes a candidate for a convoy leaving New York. Dispatches fromports of departureand advices from the War Shipping Administration and shipping agents keep the port director informed of futule arrivals. Fromsuchadvancelistingstheport directors office makes up tentative convoy lists. Thelistissubjecttochangeuntil sailing time. A ship may develop engineering difficulties, may not be loaded in time, may not arrive in New York on schedule, may have crew difficulties, o r other troubles. If the vessel requires repairs inNew York, these frequently can be made while she is loading. Once repaired and loaded, she moves away from her pier (which is needed for another loading to job) a n anchorage designated for outgoing vessels. Meanwhile, many things have been taking place in the port directors office. The ships master has reported to a convoy and routing officer. He has turned in his old routing instructions andother confidential papers of the voyage just concluded. He has sub-

Beforesailing, themaster of each departure vessel attends a masters conference. Presided over by the port director o r his routing officer, the conference is attended by the commodore of the convoy (who will be responsible for the internal discipline and maneuvering of the convoy) and the commander of the escortgroup(responsible for the safety of the convoy and escort). Every smallest detail pertinent to the convoy, its organization and deportment is discussed by the presiding itted information about his vessel officer. Questions by themastersare her cargo, destination, speed, armament, special equipment for use incon- answered.The commodore andescort commander give final instructions. voy, merchant crew, Navyguncrew, draft, height of mainmast, speed, and Eachmasterattendingthe confermany other things. ence gets a sealed envelope containing The information has been examined sailing orders, a schedule of departure and classified, the vessels fitness for of all ships in the convoy and a series inclusion in convoy has been deter- of minute instructions covering many mined, and she has been placed in the possible contingencies, a diagram of convoy for which she is best suited and the convoy formation, the communicawhich will take to port her her of tion plan, instructions procedure for destination. incasehis vessel straggles (becomes Then the convoy and routing officer separated from the convcy) , a detailed approaches to all setsoutto solve the problem of the description of the

The convoy and routing system today is getting through, supplies to war fronts over the world-getting through enough and on time. The operating agent within the Navy for convoy and routing activities is the port director. One o f the busiest port directors handles the Port of New York, which at times has cleared as much as 60 per cent of the total shipping from the U.S. By 24 July, o f 12,276 ships that hadsailed from New Y o r k after Pearl Harbor, only a small percent were sunk. This article explains how New Y o r k f o m s and sends out her convoys.

formation of the convoy, its shape and size, and the location of each ship in it. He weighs all the factors that make f& desirability the of placing each ship in her particular spot in the convoy formation. Heplanstheformation of ships to make it leastvulnerable to submarine attack.

Page S

pared t o deal with themrelentlessly. When the convoy is completely HistoryFootnote formed up at the rendezvous point, the commodore gives the signal the for Convoys were used in the last World War, but they were never convoy to proceed and it moves off as operated on the huge scale of a body at the designated speed. present operations. Although the An important activity is the proper origin of convoys is obscure, the use of communications. Very efficient Romans and Phoenicians proband highly detailed communications ably employed the technique during their great campaigns in the systems for convoy and independently Mediterranean. routed ships have been devised so that ships anywhere may have proper comports the vessel is scheduled t o enter, munication with shore authoritiesas with United Nations as well as those she might enter should well as other ships. The system permits ships to obshe straggle. precautions in One highly important operation cov- serve the maximum maintaining radio silence and yet obered in the conference is the departure or sortie of the vessels in the convoy. tain the mostcomplete coverage posBecause of the large area covered by sible in being warned of danger. The convoy route will have considNew York harbor, because of the many ered latest reports on submarine activdifferent locations at which ships inities, weather conditions, ice fields, all cluded in single a convoy may be hydrographic matters. To assist in found, and because of the great num- routing, a planning room is maintained ber of ships to go in one convoy, a de- inport the directors office which tailed schedule for departure the of shows the general situationthe in each vessel is worked out. ocean to be traversed for a period of Each ship is assigned a specific tfme three days, as well as the enemy submarinesituationforthecurrentday for weighing anchor,or undocking. and two days previous. To assist pilots and masters in Theobject of every routing officer reaching the ocean rendezvous point is to send convoys (and independently according t o schedule, a number of ref- routed ships) through waters where erence points en route are designated the enemy is not o r where he is likely with the times each vessel should pass not to be when the convoy gets there. each point to arrive a t the rendezvous He must pool a knowledge of shipping, tactics, seamanship and on time and in proper order t o form submarine navigation to make his predictions up according t o plan. right. In addition, he must furnish Shore-based patrol planes and/or stragglerroutesand diversion routes blimps have been in the air from the for convoys whose routes are threatmoment thefirst vessel hasleftthe ened by enemy action. harbor. They sweep ahead of and The port director responsible for around the convoy searching for enemy makingup a convoy must be, in essubmarines or surface vessels, pre- sence, a shipping company executive

Personnel
Today the naval personnel engaged in convoy work, and in activities directly related thereto, exceeds by far the total personnel in the U. s. Navy and Naval Reserve before Pearl Harbor. as well as a naval officer. He must be thoroughly conversant with many diverseactivities within the Navy, as well as those governmental agencies directly concerned with shipping the business. He must be a diplomat, a good seaman to command therespect of themerchantmasterswith whom hedeals, and a good executive to oil the machinery of the large organization required in convoy and routing. The Axis has straddled our shipping lanes with submarines, super-submarines, wolf packs, surfaceraiders andairarmadas;the Axis hassunk ships, many laden with valuable war cargoes. But the significant fact is that from Iceland to Guadalcanal, our forceshave been and are beingsupplied. At there first were quantities sufficient for holding actions; now there are quantities t o permit the necessary tremendous reserves of stores, munitions and equipment for offensive action. Besides all the this, United States helps t o feed, clothe and supply a large percentage of U. S. armed forces in the British Isles, North Africa, China and Russia. Behind all this, behind North Africa, Stalingrad, Munda, Sicily, Italy, Kiev, behind thousands o f lessspectacular actions paving the road to victory, behind all this stands the convoy and routing system.

New York Daily News Photograph.

I

Time, Inc., Phntowxph.

IN PORT, deck of vessel is packed with planes.

Page G

AT SEA, convoy gunners sight at patrol plane.

The Navy abruptly changed roles as completely offensive seagoing weapons. America entered its second year at S . One of, theinitial waves of U. war. On themorning of 1 December troops was transported entirely across 1942 i t disperseda Japanese fleet off the Mediterranean by hundreds of Guadalcanal what to in was be the landing craft. They were escorted only Navys last purely defensive action. by PCs and SCs, smallsubchasers Navy was From that point on the and craft patrol which sometimes transformed into a crushing offensive showed half their bottoms a s they q%jtr theaters leaped and rolled. Experienced officers force, operating in four , , and several lesser ones. marveled a t the seamanship displayed The Navy spearheaded inva!hh% in by the crews, many of whom had the Mediterranean, Pacific and Gulf of never seen an ocean a year previously. Someof the new landing craft laid Alaska. It seized initiative and control It was a powerful their o*n smokescreens and launched in Atlantic. the offensive support the as Allies cap- their own planes, innovations which tured recaptured and territories on made naval history. Quickly established both sides of the globe. It developed units .speedily repairedand salvaged its newborn strength in manpower and damaged craft without removing them the zones. Operational equipment to a point unprecedented in from battle losses were a t a minimum. Within 48 future history. It girded itself for offensives while still engaged in earlier hours the original landing fleet made a round trip Africa, to, returning ones. High points of massnaval action loaded to the gunwales with men and materials. during year the were carefully the Meanwhile, the three had other rehearsed invasions of Sicily and Italy. These utilized all known and some new duties. It protected the landing forces surface undersea and attack, methods of seaborne attack. Of the from maintained antiaircraft protection and 3,266 ships which bore down on Sicily inthedawn of 10 July, more than supported the troops ashore with long1,500 were U. S. naval vessels. They range barrages. ranged from cruisers to small landing This invasionprocess was repeated on an even more extensive scale at craft, from familiar ships of the line tonew amphibiousugly ducklings. Salerno on 9 September. Again the Theywere manned by 40,000 officers Navy was a major part of an Allied and men who had spent months of fleet which covered 1,000 square specialized training at home bases and miles. In the faceof bitter opposition, in north Africa. the Amphibs came of age-and the The Sicilianinvasion wasthe final Navy found work for each and every test the for later invasion of Italy variety of its vessels and specially proper. It was a masterpiece of timing trained men. and coordination. Part of the fleet was The heavy cruisers and bigger ships transported across the Atlantic. Other stood offshore and poured barrages sections converged from widely sepa- onto the Nazi troops dug into the hills rated ports and bases. Upon reaching above the beach. Planes catapulted the invasion points, these fleets found from fighting ships and launched from that minesweeping and preliminary carriers strafed and bombed enemy assignmentshad been carriedoutto positions. On every shipthe ack-ack the letter by still other units. guns shared in the toll taken attackof From the naval standpoint, the in- ing German planes. Meanwhile, the landing craft disa triumph the for new vasion was gorged their men and cargoes on the craft. It was the types of landing

LSTs swung open. Tanks cars and rolled forthtosupportinfantryand machine-gununits. The low, armored LCIs ran a gantlet of withering defensive fire t o reinforce beleaguereci positions withfresh troops. After a few bitter days, the beachhead was irrevocably established. Butthe Navys jobby no means ended with the establishment of invading forces. Each American soldier landed in the African and Italian campaigns needed one and one-half tons of supplies per month t o keep him goingaftertheinitial equipment of 10 tons man per was ashore. 0 x 1 a busy day, the Allied air forces in the Mediterranean may use as much as 1,500,000 gallons of high-octanegasoline, all of which must be convoyed in tankers. So, as the American armiesstrike closer and closer to European the fortress, the Navy continues a vital offensive force in every land action. Inthe southwest Pacific, theyear also was one of almost continuous offensive action. Striking northever ward,theNavyattackedthe Russell islands and Arundel, in the Solomons, and took Nanumea,south of Hawaii. Naval vessels carriedand landed the soldiers and marines who have wrested thecentral Solomon islandsfromthe Japs. Navy planes joined Allied air incessantly the Jap forces to blast bases on the ladder to Tokyo. Latest offensive is the Gilberts landing begun 20 November. In twelve months the has Navy done its part in eliminating the Japs from the central Solomons. The Jap stronghold at Rabaulwasbeing hastily reinforced last month as Allied leaders predicted that it would offerbitterresistancebutwasclearly doomed. Rabaul is the last J a p stronghold in the area. To the north, across an expanse of ocean which will eventually occupy the Navy,lies the Jap island base of Truk. Duringthefirstyear of warthe Navyhad revealed some of the surprisesithadinstorefor Tojo. The South Dakota, previously identified only a s Battleship X, had blasted 32 J a p planesfromthe skies in one engagement and had sunk three cruisers off Savo island in another (see INFORMATION BULLETIN,February 1943, p. 2). This indicated that bigger, newer and tougher fighting machines had arrived in the Pacific. During the second year of war, anothernastyjoltfortheJapswas the appearance of the Hellcatfighter plane developed by Grumman aircraft engineers. This big brother of the famed Grumman Wildcat made its appearance

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n in

Its Second Year of Global War

toevacuate by submarineandtransplies monthly for civilians in north port. To quote Rear Admiral Thomas Africa alone. Coal and oil products C. Kincaid : averageanother 40,000 tons monthly. We got quite a few. Enough t o Locomotives also are being shipped. make it hurt. Among these are special five-footgauge locomotives destined for the reMeanwhile, the Navy was carrying on another offensive in the Pacific. captured Russian rail lines. All these supplies must the run The latest results of this running action only recently were made known. gantlet of Germansubmarines,mines This widespread offensive is our con- and aircraft. stantlygrowingsubmarine campaign On the home front, the year found against Japanese merchant shipping in naval production keeping pace with offensive progress a t sea. By midsumall parts of the Pacific. Figures announced in November put mer a $5,300,000,000 shipbuilding prothe total of Japanese vessels sunk o r gram had been completed. Some 15,000 craft had slid down the damaged by U. S. submarines a t 490. new naval come. American subs have crept close enough ways, with more to Such was the unprecedented growth to Japanese the shores t o send torpedoes into harbor targets, and on at of the Navy during the second year of BULLETIN, Novemleast one occasion a U. S. sub shelled war (INFORMATION a coastal town on the Japanese islands ber 1943, p. 2 ) that by September Secretary Knox was able to announce proper. The second year o f theBattle of that our Navy was the greatest in the the Atlantic also had a brighter aspect history of the world. Today it comprises more than 14,000 vessels and thanitsforerunner.Fromshipyards on the home front came new weapons 18,000 planes. By the end of another to combat U-boats. These soon proved year of warfare, it was announced, the Navy will have an unprecedented total their deadly efficiency. of 41,179 vessels. The new Navy weapons included Operatingthishuge new force on the destroyer escort, a fast, small, deall faces of the globe, the Navy found structiveship able t o scout and skirt around a convoy like a well-trained itself facedwith problems of global sheep dog. New-type blimps gave con- maintenance and salvage. Today ships voys a protectiveoverhead eye. So of the line get new parts, repairs and good was aerial this protection and replacements in stations thousands o f the threat of stationary depth-charge miles from home drydocks. Parts and bombing that the Navyannounced that machinery are assembled a t advance not a single merchantmanhad been bases. If such a basehasnt what a lost from any convoy which had blimp crippled ship needs at the moment, protection. Converted merchantmen that part is soon delivered. Also, specialsalvageand reclamabecame escort carriers which provided uninterruptedaerial protection for the entire crossing of the Atlantic. The success of these antidotes to submarine attack can best be illustrated by the figures (seepictograph above for monthly sinkings of U. S. ships).InJuly,Secretary Knox was able t o announce that not a single Allied merchant ship had been sunk in the north Atlantic three in months. at least 90 In May, JuneandJuly U-boats were sunk. Last month it was revealed that 60 more Nazi raiders had been destroyed during August, September and October. Meanwhile, our announced Atlantic merchant shipping losses had dropped in from 31 last December t o three October 1943. The back of the U-boat campaign appeared to be broken. But the problems of merchant shipping continue to form an enormous naval responsibility. The U. S. is shipping food and equipment t o a t least 1 32 different fronts,some of them 17,000 I EACH FIGUREREPRESENTS miles from the point of origin. Apart ABOUT 325,000 OFF IGERS from military needs, the U. S. and AND ENLISTED PERSONNEL. Great Britain transporting are between 40,000 and 50,000 tons of sup-

, , I

tk

over Marcus island on 1 September and downed 21 Zeros against a loss of two Hellcats. After one or two more engagementsthe plane officially was reported as having shown marked superiority to the Jap fighters. In July, a naval battle in the Kula gulf followed the 1943 pattern of victory. TheJaps lost five cruisersand eightdestroyers.Thisbattle cost us the 9,700-ton cruiser Helena (see story on page 24 of thisissue). The Navy doggedly continued offensive tactics and sweeps in the Northern Solomons. It turned its searching eye everywhere f o r J a p troopand supplyshipments, blasting and cutting a t these shipping lines. Before the summer was over i t was evident thattheJap fleet was losing its taste for naval battle. By last month, as the siege of Rabaul impended, Navy leaders in the Pacific wereopenly inviting the J a p fleet to come out and fight. I hope they do come out, said Admiral Halsey. Were ready t o give them everything weve got. In the far north, the Navy also did its share in removing a Japanese thorn when the Jap last garrisons were slaughtered o r driven from the Aleutian islands. Formonths previous toactual invasion, naval planes blasted the islands of Kiska and Attu. Navy ships added t o the almost contheirheavyguns stant bombardment, softening resistance t o the scheduled invasions. These preliminary attacks were executed under the most difficult conditions. Heavy blankets of fog made observation and reconnaissance dangerous and often impossible. Wind, rain, sleet and ice usually were present ina variety of combinations. After six months of this sort of bombardment, however, the Navy landed U. S. troops on Attu on 1.1 May. In a bitter struggle the Jap troops were practically annihilated. Outflanked, the enemy on Kiska sought

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The following is an alphabetical list (as o f 20 November 1943) of U. S. warships andnaval vesselsannounced since 7 December 1941 as sunk, destroyed to prevent capture, or overdue and presumed to be lost.

U.S. NAVAL VESSELS LOST

I

I U. S. and Japanese Ship Losses* I

I

I WAR N

Action and Type Name Aaron Ward, destroyer ..........Bombed, Guadalcanal, Sept. 1943 Acacia, C. G. cutter..........Shelled by sub, Caribbean, March 1942 Alexander Hamilton, C. G. cutter..........Torpedoed off Iceland Amberjack, submarine................................ Pacific surface action Argonaut, submarine........Pacific, destroyed to prevent capture Arizona, battleship..............At Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941 Asheville, patrol vessel............................ Java sea, presumed lost Astoria, heavy cruiser ........................ Guadalcanal, October 1942 Atlanta, heavy cruiser .......... Battle of Guadalcanal, Nov. 1942 Barton, destroyer ................................ Torpedoed at Guadalcanal Beatty, destroyer ..............Underwater explosion, Mediterranean Benham, destroyer ................................ Jap cruisers, Guadalcanal Bittern, minesweeper.... Destroyed at Bataan to prevent capture Blue,' destroyer ...................................... Undisclosed Pacific action Borie, destroyer ............... ........By USN after Atlantic sub battle Bristol, destroyer ..........Underwater explosion, Mediterranean Bz~ckf destroyer ................Underwater explosion, Mediterranean CanoQpls, sub tender .................................... Destroyed at Bataan CassiA;'destroyer .................... At Pearl Harbor,7 December 1941 Chevalier, destroyer ................................ Battle for BougainviPle Chicago, heavy cruiser .................. Torpedo planes, Guadalcanal Colhoun, transport................ At Guadalcanal, 5 September 1942 'Cashing, destroyer ............................ Guadalcanal surface action 'Cythera, patrol vessel...................................... Lost off Aleutians De Haven, destroyer ...................... Surface action at Savo Island Dewey Drydock, floating dock.......... Destroyed at Bataan Dorado, submarine.......................................... Action undisclos-d Downes, destroyer .................... Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941 Duncan, destroyer ........................................ Battle of Savo Island Edsall, destroyer ...................................... Java Sea, presumed lost Edward Rutledge, transport Torpedoed at Casablanca Escanaba, C. G. cutter...... Undisclosed action in North Atlantic Finch, minesweeper.................................. Bombed at Corregidor Gannet, tug...................................................... By sub in Atlantic George F. Elliott, transport .................... Bombed at Guadalcanal Grampus, submarine.................................... Pacific surface action Gregory, transport............................ Guadalcanal surfacebattle Grenadier, submarine...................................... Action undisclosed Grunion, submarine.............................. In Pacific, presumed lost Gwin, destroyer ............................ Undisclosed Kula Gulf action Hammann, destroyer ................................ Torpedoed at Midway Helena, light cruiser .................................... Battle of Kula Gulf Henley, destroyer .................................... Battle for BougainviPle Hornet, aircraft carrier ........Destroyed by USN after Battle of Santa Cruz Islands Houston, heavy cruiser .......................... Java sea, presumed lost Hugh L Scott, transport................ submarines at Casablanca . By Ingraham, destroyer .......................................... Atlantic collision Jacob Jones, destroyer .................................... By subs in Atlantic Jarvis, destroyer .................. Bombed at Guadalcanal, Sept. 1942 John Penn, cargo transport..............By torpedoes, Guadalcanal Joseph Hughes, transport.................................. By subs at Rabat Juneau, light cruiser .................................. Battle of Guadalcanal Kanawha, tanker ............................ At Guadalcanal, March 1943 L f f e y , destroyer .................................. By planes at Guadalcanal Langley, seaplane tender .................................... Battle of Java sea Leedstown, transport........................................ By subs at Algiers Lexington, aircraft carrier .................... Torpedoed in Coral sea Little, transport.............................. Undisclosed Solomons action Luzon, river gunboat............................ Destroyed at Corregidor McCawley, transport.............. subs, planes at Kolombangara By McKean, destroyer-transport.......:..By alrcraft off Bougainville Maddox, destroyer ............................................ By planes at Sicily Meredith, destroyer .......................... Unknown Solomons action Mindanao, patrol vessel.......................... Bombed at Corregidor Monssen, destroyer .................................. Battle for Guadalcanal Moonstone, patrol craft.................................... Atlantic collision Muskegat, C. G. cutter........................ Unknown Atlantic action Napa, tug........................................................ Destroyed at Bataan Natsek, C. G. cutter................Unknown North Atlantic action Nauset, tug.............................. Undisclosed Mediterranean action Navajo, tug ............................ Undisclosed South Pacific action Neches, oiler............................ Torpedoed in undisclosed action Neosho, oiler .................................................... Battle of Coral sea Niagara, auxiliary pa:rol .................. planes in South Pacific By Northampton, heavy cruker. ...................Battle of Guadalcanal

Probably Total Lost Sunk U. S. J a p U. S. J a p U. S.** J a p Battleships 1 20 01 2 Aircraft Carriers 6 4 4 0 1 7 Cruisers 8 12 44 9 2 8 Destroyers 33 62 4 18 38 80 Submarines 2 6 1 1 1 7 4 Others 4 52 126 16 63 142

" " "

Totals 20 226 100 40 129 266 ' Figures a r e those announced inNavyDepartment communiques in 23 monthsfrom 7 December 1941. Japanese losses include some inflicted by Marine Corps and Army forces. ** U. S. totals include a destroyer, a submarine and seven other craft destroyed to prevent captnre.
I
1

................

Name and T y p e Action Oahzd, Patrol vesse1................................ Destroyed at Corregidor Undisclosed Solomonsaction O'Brien, destroyer .......................... PC 496, sub chaser ...... Underwater explosion in Mediterranean PC 694, sub chaser .......................... By planes in Mediterranean PC 696, sub chaser.......................... By planes in Mediterranean peary, destroyer ................................................ Battle of Java sea Pecos, oiler.................................................................... In Java sea penguin, minesweeper.............. Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941 Perch, submarine...................... Southwest Pacific, presumed lost Pickerel, submarine.......................................... Undisclosed action Pigeon, minesweeper ............................ Destroyed at Corregidor Pillsbury, destroyer .................... Unknown action in BaliStrait Plymouth, gunboat.......................... Surface battle in Bali Strait Pollux, cargo vessel........................ Grounded at Newfoundland Pope, destroyer .................................... Unknown action off Java Porter, destroyer ........................................ Battle of Guadalcanal Preston, destroyer ...................................... Battle of Guadalcanal PT 34, motor torpedo boat ................ Grounded in Philippines PT 35, .................................................. Destroyed in Philippines PT (no number) .................................... In Pacific, presumed lost PT (no number) ................ Guadalcanal patrol, December 1942 PT (no number) ................Guadalcanal patrol, December 1942 PT (no number) ................Guadalcanal patrol, December 1942 PT (no number) ................Guadalcanal patrol, December 1942 Destroyed at Corregidor Q z 4 minesweeper.............................. Quincy, heavy cruiser.................................. Battle of Guadalcanal R-12, submarine.................................................. Action unknown Redwing, sub rescue vessel ........Underwater explosion,Mediterranean Underwater explosion, Italian waters Rowan, destroyer ............ Runner, submarine............................................ Action unknown S-26, submarine.................................................... Action unknown Sealion, submarine........................................ Destroyed at Cavite Seminole, tug.......................................... By destroyers at Tulagi Sentinel, minesweeper ................ Underwater explosion at Sicily Pacific action, presumed lost Shark, submarine............................ Sims, destroyer .................................................. Battle of Coral sea Underwater explosion at Salerno Skill, minelayer ...................... Stewart, destroyer ..............Destroyed at Surabaya, March 1942 Strong, destroyer ............................ Torpedoed off New Georgia Underwater explosion in Atlantic Sturtevant, destroyer ............ Tanager, minesweeper .......................... Destroyed at Corregidor Tasker H. Bliss, transport ........................ By subs at Casablanca Presumed lost Triton, submarine.................................................... Truxtun, destroyer ........................ Grounded at Newfoundland. Utah, target ship .................... PearlHarbor, 7 December 1941 Battle of Guadalcanal Vincennes, heavycruiser .......................... Wake, river gunboat ...................................... Captured at Bataan Walke, destroyer ........................................ Battle of Guadalcanal Wasmuth, minesweeper........By depth charges, Aleutian islands Wasp, aircraft carrier............................ By subs in South Pacific Foundered inAtlantic Wilcox, C. G. patrol ................................ Yorktown, aircraft carrier ............................ Bombed at Midway YP-389, fishing craft................................ Shelled by Atlantic sub Unnamed, small harbor craft Shelled in Tulagi harbor

..............

Navys Medal of Honor Heroes

This war, because it is the greatest history has in and involved more naval personnel than all our previous wars combined, has produced untold thousands of heroes.. American plunged men, intowar,havefoughtas always with the courage that built a nation from the wilderness. Listing-even acknowledgingall these heroes has become almost impossible. But through the past two years certain deeds have stood out so much that the country has awardedthese heroes itshighest possible recognition. Here are the forty-one men of theNavy, Coast Guardand Marine Corps-from Pearl Harbor, Guadalcanal,Fedalaandallthe other battle scenes -who have been awarded the Medal of Honor. The U. S. Marine Corps claims thirteen of these heroes, two of whom aredead;the U. S. Coast Guard: one man, dead. Of the remaining twenty-seven, from the regularNavy o r Naval Reserve, eighteen are dead; two are missing. Many stories of their deeds have been written, but none of them can describe the valor of these heroes more clearly than the statute providing for the medal itself: That the President of the authorized United States be topresentinthe name of Congress, a medal of honor to any person who shall . distinguish himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty.
KENNETH D. BAILEY JOHN BASILONE

Jfojov, GSAIC Fighting handtohandwith the enemy, lost life. he his

Scrgeaut, U S M C Risked to life bring up shellsunderenemy fire.

... . .

.. .

. .

Cuio,wi, c.s.1rc Shot a honnher, 4 fighters; fuelexhausted,shot 4 more.

HAROLD BAUER W.

M E R V Y N S. BENNION

Liclltc.llullt

Bearing a mortal wound, his concern was f o r his ship.

Cafitaix, USlV

JOHN D. BULKELEY

DANIEL J. CALLAGHAN

GEORGE H. CANNON

Liextcmmt Commander,l i S N
His PT boats terrorized Jap shipping, aircraft.

Rear A d m e a l , GSS Killed direct~ng rout of Jap fleet larger than his.

First Lientenant, GS.I/C Wounded by hostile he fire, died organizing his post.

Coio,lel. USiVlC Defended ridgeface his in of vicious thrusts. enemy

M E R R I T T A. EDSON

JOHN ILLIAM INN W F

(nom) Lielctcnalzt ( j g ) , GSh Painfully wounded, exposed to fire, he stood by guns..

FRANCIS C. FLAHERTY

RICHARD E. F L E M I N G

Elzsig?~, USlVR Died holding for light men to escape as shipwas sinking.

Driving a blazing ship, he attacked, then crashed.

Captain, U S M C

Hits enemy split hisscoreshows

JOSEPH JACOB FOSS Major, U S M C R

SAMUEL 0. FUQUA

mdair; 2 3 planes.

Lieutenant Commander,U S N
Directed rescue fire, work despite intense strafings.

At 25,000 feet, he scored on 11 bombers fighters. and

ROBERT E. GALER Major, U S M C

H O W A R DW .G I L M O R E

Orderedhissn5marine down as lay he wounded on deck.

Commander. U S N

Hit one carrier; later he helped destroy 3 aircraft.

WILLIAM EDWARD HALL Liclctr,lallt ( i q ) , GSIVR

E D W I N J. H I L L

Chief Boatswain, U S N I n helping weigh anchor he was bombed overboard.

Mortally wounded; refusing aid, he men sent t o safety.

HERBERT C. JONES Ensign, USA-R

REINHARDT J. KEPPLER

Routsxoilis Matt l c . 1 , h . l Mortally wounded, fought fire till he collapsed.

Page 12

Rear Admiral, U S N His ship an open target, he remained onbridgetill hit.

ISAAC C. K l D D

BRUCE McCANDLESS

Critically wounded, he led task force to victory.

Commuuder, CS.V

He gave his'life to shleld marinepartyfromJapfire.

DOUGLAS A. MUNRO Siynaimarr I C USCG

EDWARDH.O'HARE

Lieutenant, U S N Attacking at close range he shot 5 bombers, hit sixth.

MITCHELL AIGE P

First Liclrtelumt, U S d l C Delayed, reversed then lap assault by mannmg guns.

Chief W a t e r Tender, U S N Died received of burns in closing bulkhead vaives.

OSCAR V. PETERSON

their flight

".

. . if

JOHN J. POWERS Lirirtcaant, G S 5

I have to
deck."

lay

it on He did.

Chief Radioman, CS,V Hoistsdamaged,hepassed fire. ammunition through

T H O M A S J. REEVES

M I L T O N E. R I C K E T T S

L i c u t e m n t , L-S.Y Dying from wounds, he tried t o prevent spreading fires.

Captaiit, U S N Withstanding fiveattacks, he returned; sank cruiser.

ALBERTHAROLDROOKS

DONALD ROSS K.
EIlSi,f/l~,

Twiceovercome by dl-namo smoke,heheld his station.

I :.s.\-

HERBERT E. SCHONLAND

As C.O., worked flooded in ccmpartment to save shlp.

Cu~7zr?ralrdcr, c-s.\'

NORMAN A. SCOTT

Rear Admiral, CS.V Killed directing close-range operations off Guadalcanal.

Motor .l.lurh. 114utr. I C , USN Compressor station bombed, he stayed to saveshipmates.

ROBERT R. SCOTT

JOHN L. SMITH

Mujur, U S M C I n 26days:16Japplanes; his squadron's record:

83.

GRAPH I S AVAILABLE but on page 46 a p p e a r s a story which ictures p him b e t t e r than any p h o t o g r a p h could ever do.
Captoix, U S M C T d 4 planes . e against Jap's downed. 1j; result: 7 Nips
JAMESE.SWETT CLYDETHOMASON
Sergcalrt, IiSAlCR Entered hideout Jap alone; later died assault. leading

NO P H O T O -

Chief Water Tender. U S N Died protecting equipment damaged plant. in engine

PETER TOMICH

A. A. V A N D E R G R I F T

Licutenant General, U S M C in Commanded our forces first months on Guadalcanal.

Captain USL\On bridge to direct abandon of ship, until hit by bomb.

F. VANVALKENBURGH

NAVY HONORS 6,031 FORHEROISM

Medals awarded to date by the Navy during the current war to personnel o f the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Army and to personnel of foreign nations: 41 MedalofHonor ........................................ Navy Cross........................................... 1,205 Distinguished Service Medal. ........ .-................. 81 Legion of Merit.. ..................................... 432 Silver Star Medal.. ................................... 1,462 Distinguished Flying Cross. ........................... 817 Air Medal............................................ 1,357 NavyandMarine Corps Medal.. ....................... 636 Total ............................................ 6,031

JAMES R. W A R D

Seaman, I'irst Class, U S N Held a light f o r shipmates while was ship abandoned.

CASSINYOUNG

Captain. US.V Blown oil-burning into sea, he returned to guide ship.

. . . . . .

Page 13

DECEMBER 1942
1: Navy sinks nine J a p ships near Guadalcanal. 4 : Nazis recauture Tebourba, 20 miles 5:
8:

14 : Rostov and Voroshilovgrad retaken by Red Army. Germans break through U. S. linesincentralTunisia. 15 : GermanNorthAfricantroous oCU CUY . -. .~~~~~ Gafsa. Rabaul bombed. 16 : Russians retake Kharliov. 20 : Navv shells Attu. Germans take Kasserine Pass. 23 : hTazi counteroffensive in North Africa broken after three bitter days. 25: Allies driveRommelfromKasserine.

~~ ~ ~

21

2 4 more raids on Kiska Navy lists and Kolombangara. FDR reveals that Japs executed raiders Tokyo shot downin Japan. 23 U. S. has occupied Funafuti in ElliCeS. Navy, ships shell ,Attu. 24 near of Novorossiisk. 25 Russlans hills

MAY 1943
1-31: USAAFRAF infull-scaleraids on Stettin,sostock, Duisburg.Wilhelmshaven Emden Essen St. Nazaire, Dortnhnd, Tbionville, Gerlin, Antwerp, TheHague, Abbeville, othertargets. 3 : Amerlcans capture Mateur. 4 : Navy announces occupation of Russell islands February. in Thunderbolts in firstactionoverEurope. 6 : American,Britisharmieslaunchallout attacks on Tunis, Eizerte. 7 : British First Army drives 1 4 miles to take Tunis. American Second Corps and French Free capture Bizerte. Navy Seabees and Army have occupied Amchitka and Adak in Aleutians. 9 : Axis rout ends African camuaign. U,. S. UIS.-troops land on Attu. -One 1 : 1 sub h a s torpedoed 1 0 more J a p shlps. Presldent Roosevelt and Prime Minis12: ter Churchill meet a t White House. Four hundred Allied bombers rain destruction on Sicily. 17 : RAF blasts open largedams inGermanys Ruhr and Wesser valleys. 24 : 300 U. S. ulanesbatterSardinia. 30 : Tokyo admits loss of Attu. 31 : Nine ships of French fleet join Allies at Alexandria, Egypt.
~ ~~~

13 :
14: 18:

MARCH 1943
in northern Solomons. RAF raid on Berlin 1s heaviest to date with 900 tons of bombs falling in 30-minute attack. 3-4 : Battle of Bismarck Sea costs Japs 1 2 transports, 3 cruisers, 7 destroyers, 59 planesand 15.000 troops.Everyship in Jap convoy of 2 2 vessels is sunk. high 7 : Nazis lose 50 tanks,fetreatto, ground near Mareth Lme In Afrlca. RAF rains blockbusters on Munich. 10 : Fourteenth Force Air created under Brig.Gen.Claire L. ChennaulttoreplaceformerChinaAirTaskForce. 1 4 : NazisretakeKharkov. 1 5 : Kiska Japs bombed six times in day. 1 6 : Anti-U-boat conference has beenheld in Washington. blast Rabaul 18 : Forts airdromes. Americans Gafsa. take British fall back in Burma. Americans in Africa. 1 9 : El Guettar falls to 23 : U. S. planes bomb 250 Jap planes at Rabaul. reinf9rcement convoy, of four 2 6 : Jap. crulsers Tour aestroyers cargo two ships diiven from Aleutians by Navy. RAF raids Berlin starts great fires. 28 British Eighth odcupies MarethLine.

1: Japs reinforcing positions

19 :
21 : 23 : 24 :

26 : 29 :

JANUARY 1943
1: Russiansrecapture Velikiye Luki. 2 : Three Jap destroyers set are afire in air raid on Rabaul. 5: U. S. FifthArmyinAfricaactivated under Lt. Gen. MarkW.Clark.Navy shellsMunda. U. S. planes bomb J a p ships a t Kiska. 7 : Nazis admit falling back before Russian offensives and shortening defense lines. Minis1 4 President Roosevelt and Prime ter Church111 meetin Cabblanca. assert 1,500 Nazi soldiers 1 5 Russians are starving dying and of exposure daily in siege of Stalingrad. New 18 AustralianstakeSanananda,in siege. Guinea. Kusslans lift Lenmgrad 1 4 Axisships 2 0 Britishdestroyerssink in Mediterranean. Chile breaks relations with Axis. 23 Tripoli falls to British Eighth Army. conference ends. FDR 24 Casablanca says Alliesdemand will uncondltional surrender of Axls. Liberators naval attack 27 Fortresses bases a t Wilhelmshaven and Emden in first U. S. raid on Germany proper. by Russlans 30 u s s Chicago sunk Japs. capture Maikop, Caucasus oil center. 3 1 Moscow announcesdestruction of the Nazi Sixth Army at Stalingrad.

JUNE 1943
1-30

APRIL 1943 Forts bomb Cagliari. 1 One hundred

4
6

8
10

FEBRUARY 1 9 4 3
4 : Fighting a t Stalingrad ceases. Russians Dut Germanlosses a t 500.000. 5: Navyreportsthatsporadicseaand air battles continue near Guadalcanal. 9 : Japs admit loss of Guadalcanal and Buna, NewGuinea. 1 : Dwight D. Eisenhower elevated to full 1 general, given supreme command of Alliesin North Africa.

1: Axis African North forces repulse U. S. a t Faid Pass.

13

18
20

Sardinia in largest African Nprth raid to date., Chinese drive Japs from Yunan Provmce Burma. into Navy 1 8 of 30-40 Zeros northplanes get west of Guadalcanal. RAF drops 900 tons of bombs on Kruppworks. U. S. Fortsrain 200 tons of bombsonNaples. U. S. fighters get 48 Nazl planes near Paris. Nazis thrown back at Wadi el Akarit. U. S. andBritishElghthArmlesestablishcontact. Navv announces downing 39of 98 J a u - . . planks~in raid off Guadalcanal. One hundred Flying Fortresses blast Italian ships at Sardinia,sinkcruiser Trieste anddamage Bolzalzo. British capture Sfax. Eighty-four Italian planes destroyed at two Sicilian fields. Navy resumes blasting of Kiska,Kolombangara. Off NorthAfrica U. S. nlanes shoot nlanes. 58 of them down 8 8 Axis ii-anspo>is.-Over-Bremen, U. S. raiders get 63 95 of Nazi fighters. Navy reveals that carrier H O Y W t was Shangri-La takeoff for Tokyo.

4:

5: 7: 1 : 1

12

14 16 19
21

P r e s s Association Official Photograph.

U. S.Forces Army Air Photograph.

January:Stalingradmadegraveyard Page 14

of Nazi offensive.

March:Japanese

convoyannihilated

i n Bismarck sea.

2 2 : Without losing a plane, U. S. flyers get 1 4 of 25 Zerosover Lae. 2 5 : One hundred Forts Messina, hit

1 : RedArmydrivesintoUkraine. 1 forces fieeing Sicily. 1 2 : Axis 13 : 14 : 15: 16

2 9 : U. S. and Australian troops land RendovaIsland inSolomons.

2 8 : U . S. subs have sunk 8 more J a p ships.

Sicily.

on

JULY 1943
1 Rendovataken.Japs :

lose 1 0 1 planes. NassauBay. New Guinea, invaded. harbor New Georgia, occupied 2 : Viru 17 by MacArtLurs forces. subKiska jected to eight air raids in single clay. Secretary Knox calls Solomons actions a real offensive which willincrease. 18 3 : Jap fleet of one cruiser, three destroyers driven from Rendova by Navy. 135.000. Battle of Kula Gulf begins. Nazis 5: 1 9 U. S. warships shell Palmi and Gioria launch summer offensive in Russia. Tauro, Italian coastal towns. reports reveal Japs four lost 7: First planes destroyed a t 21 cruisers, five destroyers in Kula Gulf. /,I1 Sixty-seven Jap Wewak. u s s Helena, 9.700-ton cruiser,sank. 8 : Our subs have sunk 1 0 more J a p ships. 23 Russians retake Kharkov, drive into invaded. Navy Klska. shells 9 : Sicily Donets Seven basin. hundred RAF 1 0 : Allies driveinto Sicily, bringinreinplanes drop 1,800 tons of bombs on forcements. Syracuse is first importBerlin. Allied warships shell Finscha n t Sicilian to to city fall Allies. hafen, New Guinea. Russianlines hold. abandon Georgia New island 27 Japs 1 Russians counterattack and advance. 1 after 64-day U. S. campaign. RAE 1 2 Navy sinks another Jap cruiser, three drops 1,500 tons on Nuremberg. more destroyers in Kula Gulf. 3 0 : U. S. occupies Arundel Island InSolo1 4 U. S. forces advance on, Munda. mons. Red Army Tagenrog. takes 1 5 Red Army opens offenslve. 37 Jap planes destroyed a t Wewak. gets Allied ultimatum. Mubo, 1 6 Italy SEPTEMBER 1943 Jap base in New Guinea, falls to U. S. andAuss~es.FlyingFortresses knock starts great fires in Berlin. 1 RAF : down 50 NazifightersoverGermany. U. S. Navy attacks Marcus island. 1 7 Berlinadmits fiercedefensivefightinvade Italy. 3.: Allies ing aeainst Red Forty-nine Army. in Central 5 : Japs abandon Rekata bay Japplanes downedinSolomons. Solomons. RAF drops 1,500 tons of bombecl 1 9 : Military objectives in Rome are bombs on Mannheim, Ludwigshafea. planes, mostly Amerlby 500 Allied isolates Salamaua. Lae, 6 : MacArthur can. Navy planes from Aleutian bases RAF hits Munich. J a n Kurile homb Paramushiru. in in 7 : One of largestparachutelandings islandsforfirst time. history dooms Lae Russians Japs. Sicily. 23 : AmerilanstakePalermo, capture Stalino, free Donets basin. 23-5 !7 : Fourteenth TJ. S. AirForceshoots 8 : Italy surrenders unconditionally. down 5 7 J a p planes over China., land a t Salerno. British 9 : Americans offenslveis 24 : Stalin saysNazisummer moveup eastern Italy from Taranto. completely shattered. R A F drops 1 : Large part of Italian fleet surrenders 1 2 3 0 0 tons of bombs on Hamburg. inAlliedports. kortsraid Trondheim,Norway. removehim 1 2 : NazisrescueMussolini, 25 : Mussoliniremoved as Italian premier. t o Germany Army Liberators Wake raid second 27 : Kurile again 1 3 : Paramushir;, islands, 2,576 tons straight day. RAF rains bombed. Germans hold a t Salerno. of bombs on Hamburg. a t Salerno. Snla1 4 : Nazis regain ground 2,300 tons on Hamburg. drops 2 9 : RAF mauahas fallen. Backssea to Yanks Nazis stop at 15: AUGUST 1943 Salerno. Allies destroy 6 9 J a p planes a t Wewak. ~ . . . .. . ~ . 1 One hundred seventy-five U. S. Libera: 1 6 : Red Army takes Novorossiisk. Ameritors,inbiggest low-level raidin hiccans open offensive own a t Salerno. tory, smash Ploesti, Rumania, ficlda. oil Allies capture Lae, NewGuinea. 3 : RAF again drops great weight of announces it now has 14,072 1 9 : Navy bombs on Hamburg. vessels 1 8 , 2 6 9 planes. 5 : Russians retake Ore1 and Belgorod. cleared of Nazis. Russians 2 2 : Salern; British take Catania, Sicily. near Kiev. R A F bombs Hanover. 6 : Yanksconquer Munda. 23 : Allies land near Finschhafen, begin 8 : Japanese cruiser, two destroyers sunk slege. by Navy in hour battle in Vella gulf. 2 4 : Russians at Dnieper line. 1 0 : R A F drops 1,680 tons of bombs on RedArmy. 25 : Smolenskretakenby Nuremberg.

Kurile islandsagainhitby U. S. bombers. U. S. planes bombRomesecondtime. FDR, Churchill announce one U-boat a daysunk inMay, Juneand July. U. S. and Canadian armies occupy Kiska. Japs have fled island. Allies destroy 1 2 3 J a p planes at Wewak. subs sent Our have seven more Japmerchantships to bottom. Messina captured,Sicilycampaign at a n end. Vella Lavella in Central Solomons has been occupied by MacArthurs forces. Navy shells Italian mainland for first time. Axis prisoners in Sicily totdl

2 7 : Allies destroy 5 8 planes at Wewak. 1 3 imBritish take Foggia, Italy, and 2 8 : Allies blow up Wewak munitions dump. 2 9 : NavylandsmarlnesatNanumea is3 0 : HitlerordersDnieperriverlineheld

portant airports nearby.

land, in Ellice group, south

of Hawaii.

a t all costs : The Stalingrad psychosis must disappear.

raid Norway. Free French and Corsicans clear Corsica of Nazis. U. S. occupiesKolombangara. I : Russians force Dnieper in three places. two sunk by 9 : J a p cruiser, destroyers Navy inPacific.RussiansclearCaucasus. U. S. bombers, in deepest penetration of Germany,blasteastPrussla. FDR-Churchill sinklngs say by U-boats continued light in August, September. and mop UP Ko1 : Americans Aussies 1 lombangara. British midget submarineshitTirpitz in Norwegianfjord. 1 2 : Biggest Allied air fieet ever assembled in Pacific smashes Rabaul, destroys or damages 1 7 i J a p planes, 1 2 3 ships. Portugal grants Allies bases in Azores. on Germany. 1 3 : Italydeclareswar Germany, razed bigin 1 4 : Schweinfurt, in Allies regest air battle history. port 6 0 FlymgFortresseslost. bag 1 0 4 planes off New 1 5 - 1 6 : Allies Guinea begin three2 0 : Hull m den and Molotov MOSCOW. powkr conference in
5 : NavytaskforceblastsWake.

1 Allies enter Naples. : 2 : Finschhafen fallstoMacArthur. 1 S. carrier : . warships and 4 : British

OCTOBER 1943

1 : U. S. marines invade Bougainville. Moscow conference with ends agreement among U. s., Britain, Russla and and China war-and-peace cooperation. Army off Red seals Germans in Crimea. 1 - 2 : U. S. warshipssink Jay cruiser and four destroyers attemptlng to block Bougainville invasion. 2 : Fifteenth U. S. Army Force Air Set up in Algiers. 3 and 1 7 : U. S. warships shell Buka. 5 : Allied strategists conclude five-day conferenceinChungking. 6 : Red Army retakes Kiev, in German hands slnce September 1941, and pushes on toward Old Poland. 9 : U. S. and Britain announce 6 0 Uboats in months, sunkthree 1 5 0 in six-month perlod. 13-15 : u. S. Army bombers rad Jap bases inMarshallsandGilbertislands. 1 8 : Germans capture Leros island. Thoubombers rain 350 sand RAF heavy two-ton bombs on Berlin. 2 0 : U. S. marinesandArmytroopsland Gilbert in islands. Germans, after falling back slowly under steady Pressure from U. s. and British armies, dig in along new winter defense lines below Rome.

NOVEMBER 1943

Photograph. Oflicial U . S. A r m y Air F o ~ c w

-1:ritiah

Ofiicial Photograph.

August: Liberators raid oil fields at Ploesti, Rumania,

September: Italy surrenders t o Gen. Eiselzhower (right). Page 15

While keeping global supply lines Richelieu, largestFrenchbattleship, arrived in New York for reopen (above : North Atlantic pafitting t o fight Axis following Allied occupation of French trol), Navy- again shelled enemy a t Kiska and Solomons NorthAfrica. u. S. planesrenewed raids on Kiska,and and drove J a p reinforcement convoy from Aleutians. Allied bombers destroyed 22 J a p ships in Battle o f Bismarck Sea. Navy announced conquest of..Guadalcanal completed.

Feb. 1943

.March 19 4 3

As production of naval craft inU. s. amphibious forces under creased at rate where completions N a w command and Drotection in &st half o f this year would surpass total 1942 butput, invadeiand wiped Japs f r o k Attu island in Aleutians. seven (Photograph shows escort carrierwith invasion convoy.) Secretary Knox revealed theNavywasoperating war fleets as against three at start of the war. -0Wcial U. S. Navy Photographs.

Ami I 19 4 3

May 19 4 3

1918...1943:
On 15 December 1943 the current World War wiil be fouryears,three months and 15 days old. At that date it will have been in conflict forthe exact length of time consumed by the first World War. This wardwarfs its forerunnerin scope, finds the idvolved nations drastically realigned, and atthe end of is still far from ended. &ur years Yet gistory will record many comparisons between the two struggles and even now it is possible to find similarities in the overall pattern of both conflicts. Again Germany and Central the Powers form the foe in Europe. Again America is. aligned with Great Britain and, this time, a ,beaten but uncowed France. Again Russia-a new and stronger Russia-wars on the Eastern Front. here But all comparisons of allies and alignments end. Japan, an ally in the last war, today is sucha dangerous opponent on the other side of the world that the current conflict is in many ways two separate Italy, wars. another former ally, has only recently been beaten into unconditional surrenderandher soil is still a battleground against us. China, virtually unconcerned with the firstwar,istodayanimportant and, fortunately, active Turkey, ally. formerly a foe, is currently non-belligerent and a potential ally. Yet the course of both wars, compared a t the conclusion of four years, bear striking similarities. Historians first war generally agree the that turned on fourmajor battles. These were theFirst Marne, Palestine,the Battle of theAtlantic,andtheintegrated allied offensives a t Soissons. Today, many observers are convinced that the history of the current conflict ultimately will show four similarbattlestohave been theturning points. These were the battles of Britain, El Alamein, Midway and Stalingrad. On one othervital count can the wars two be compared. In both instances the enemy made all his gainsattheoutsetandthen applied himself to holding on. As t o America, out military history and record in this war corresponds to the earlier one.On both occasions we found ourselves at war before we were ready, mobilized or properly prepared. In each casewefaced a foe unhampered by these shortcomings. The size of the job which faced us this time, however, wasstaggeringin comparison t o earlier needs. The Navy, for instance, fought World War I with a peak complement of 612,840 officers and men and 730 ships. By theend i f . thisyearthe Navys personnel will reach 2,815,200. Its floating strengthtodayis 14,072 vessels and it isworking on a program which will triple that figure. Ourearlierwararmywas 4,057,101 officers .and men. Today the U. S. Army is nearing a goal of 7,700,000. The scope of this conflict is also indicated in casualty figures and material losses t o date. Total Allied deaths in World War I numbered 5,152,115. Of these, 126,000 were American. enemy The lost 3,386,200. It is impossible t o calculate total casualties for current yet the struggle but a recent reportputthe cost of the Russian-German struggle alone a t 10,000,000 casualties. So more than far, 12,841 soldiers and 21,753 sailors have been killed o r aremissingfor a total of 34,594 American deaths in the first two years of war. As in 1917, America entered this war at a time when the enemy was at the crest of conquest and victory. England was reeling from the air blitz and Dunquerque. Francewas beaten to her knees. Another juggernaut was gathering in the Pacific, sweepingall before it and threatening Americas very homeland. The foes, on their respective records, seemed well nigh invincible. Yet today observers believe that the first turning point in the course of the war already hadbeen passed when the Pearl Harbor attack thrust America into the conflict. The turning point was the German failure in the Battle of Britain and can be roughly comparedtotheFirst Marnedefense of the earlier war. but In 1914 a battered stubborn French army stopped the Boche at thevery gates of Paris. This stand, originally looked upon by the foe as another last ditch defense of Paris, was actually t o mark the high point of the German advance. Similarly, the Battle of Britain was the first defense which successfully halted the Nazi sweep of conquest. The nextturning point, thebattle of El Alamein, which started 23 October 1942, also haditscounterpartin World War I. Intheearlierwarthe legendary Gen. Allenby routed Germans Turks and in Palestine. This time Gen. Montgomery finally turned the tide of Rommels desert power in North Africa. Withthe 8 November landing of the Americans a t Casablanca, the recapture of North Africa and subsequent clearing of the Mediterranean were made possible. The first World War records only

Then and Now

Page 22

@War Reaches Length of First

1
Rise and Decline of German Aggression

one pitched seabattle of major pro- and France between September 1939 portions, the costly and much argued and June 1940. The British force had the sea a t Dun31 May 1916. been driven into Battle o f Jutland, querque and the air blitz against LonWhether or not this battle was in any way decisive has long been a favorite don was, the Nazi had every right to militaryargument.Buttherecan be hope, gradually tearing nation that no doubt about the decisiveness of the apart. off a large The Axis had bitten Battle of Midway in the second World piece of North Africa and 1941 also War. hadbroughtthe conquest of Greece By June 3, 1942, less six than and Yugoslavia. The firstmonths of months after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had poured down the China coast the Russian campaign bid fair to outand overrun the Philippines, Wake shine all these Axis gains. In November 1941 the Nazi armies were only 40 Island, Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore,Burma, theNetherlands Indies, miles from Moscow. Then, slowly, the tide turned. A and the Solomons. To the north they had established garrisons in the Aleu- Red Army counter attackrecaptured Rostov. This action broughtthe first tiansandthreatened Alaska. Thus danger the of an actual in- Nazi retreat in over two years of warWinter played its in part the vasion of America was acute when the fare. Red offensive as Nazi soldiers froze t o Japtaskforcewassightedsteaming Nazi oil froze in the in the direction of Midway. Four days thegroundand later this fleet was shattered and panzer juggernaut. What had started limping home (see The Knockout at as a routwas now transformedinto bitterest and bloodiest Midway. p. 32).Fromthat point on one of the struggles in military history. Jap fortunes have dwindled in the The key battle, and doubtless one Pacific. Two months after Midway the of the crises of the entire war, turned marines took Guadalcanal.month A after that the New Guinea campaign on the epic defense of Stalingrad. the original Nazi assault 26 was launched, ultimately t o drive the From Jsps their to current last Solomons August 1942 tothe complete defeat on 4 February the Germanswere restronghold a t Rabaul. Less than a yearafterthese cam- portedto have lost 500,000 men. The paigns last the Japanese had been city was and is a rubble, but it lives driven from the Aleutians, and our on a s one of the most important vicof the world. basestherewere sendinglong range tories in the history The Red Army drives which foibombers tostrike a t thevital Kurile lowed Stalingrad already threaten PoIsland strongholds of the foe. and Rumania. Today Hitlers With American attention riveted to land our own problems, another crucial main spur in whipping his people into effort isthethreat struggle meanwhile was developing in unityandextra ever Russian bear Russia. Hitlerhadturned on Russia uf the nearing clawing its way toward theGerman 22 June 1942, invadingandstabbing deep into Russian territory with ap- ,borders. Meanwhile, the Americans andthe parent ease. The first few months of the Russian campaign promised that British were writing a victory outline this conflict would be a duplicate of on both land and sea. On 9 May 1943 other Nazi victory formulas. all Axis resistance in North Africa The blitzkrieg previously had subju- ended. On 9 July Sicily was invaded later. proper Italy gated Poland,Norway,Denmark, the and fell 35 days Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg was invaded3September and surren-

dered five days later. From Salerno the American and armies British startedthe longpush uptheItalian today has boot, a compagn which themless than 100 miles from Rome. I n comparison to World War I, the combined Russian and AmericanBritish offensives may, eventually, have the same importance relaand victory had as the tion to ultimate correlated American-French and British offensives along the Soissons front in July and August 1918. A more ready comparison, however, has been theBattle of the Atlantic. Once against the aims and strategies of both sides have been identkal. The Germans again have sought to disrupt supply lines from America to Britain. Still again the German eubmarine has been throwndesperatelyagainst Allied shipping. In this battle, as in others, the foes victories were predominantly a t the beginning. And againasinthelast war, new defensive measures have pulled thefangs of the wolf packs. Merchant shipping losses, however, testify to the scope of the Nazi campaign in the Atlantic. In first the World War, America lost 151 merchant ships and 409 lives. So far our merchant losses have been 617 ships and 4,772 lives inthis sea war. Butthegraph of these losses has steadily gone down (see p. 9) and the toll of submarines has been disconcerting the for foes, Last Summer the Allies were able to maintain shipping for a 90-day period without loss while sinking an average of one sub a day. Announced total of enemy subs sent t o the bottom is now 160. The supply lines are still open and America is still able to function 4s the arsenal of Democracy as well as a fighting ally. The past year, too, saw Germany on the receiving end of an air blitz. The incessant bombing of military targets ( Contimed on Page 4 3 )

Page 23

T h e USS Helewa at a Sozcth Pacific base between battles.

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

Light Cruiser With a Heavy Wallop

Helena Fought i 13 Engagements and Sank 9 Enemy n Ships Before Japanese Torpedoes Put Her Down
When thenavalhistory of World of the W a s p were picked up and many War I1 is written, one of the brightest of them transferred t o the Helena, her chapters will recount the exploits of crew broke out their seabags and disthe uss Helena, one of the fightingest tributed their clothing until manywere men-o-war that ever scoured the seas left with but one pair of dungarees to seek out and destroy the enemy. and a pair of shoes apiece. Inherbrief, hell-roaring life, she Ataboutthis time a newskipper, fought in 13 engagements in the Capt. Gilbert C. Hoover, USN, ofBrisSouthwest Pacific, including two of the tol, R. I., came aboard. Hehad been biggest navalbattles. commanding the destroyer squadron Her heavy guns bombarded Lunga, escorting the Helena, and he came Koli and Kokumbona Points on Guadal- aboard by the only available meanscanal island; and Vila, Munda, Kolom- viaa coal bag rigged t o a linerunbangara, Enogai and Inlet Bairoko ning from his destroyer flagship to the harbor in the New Georgia group. She cruiser. Already the holder of the came through two of the most fiercely Navy Cross, Captain Hoover was to fought surface actions with minor wintwo Gold Stars in lieu of second materialdamageandthe loss of one and third Navy Crosses while serving man.Whenshe was notfighting, the in the Helena. Helena was escorting transports, supBack a t Guadalcanal, the Helena ply ships and aircraft carriers. sailed into her first major engagement Japanese propagandists unwittingly -the Battle of Cape Esperance. It tribute to the Helenas was one of the few night paid a high surface gun crews following the bombardment engagements ever fought between rival of Kolombangara. The Tokyo radio forces of virtually equal strength. It reforces announced that U. S. naval sulted when a strong forceof Japanese were employing a new secret weapon -a 6-inch machine-gun. That shows how fast the cruiser pumped salvos! Third USS Helena Navy Yard, Commissioned at the Under Construction New York, on 18 September 1939, the Helena was at Pearl Harbor when the A new lightcruiser now under Japanese Her struck. anti-aircraft construction will be named the batteries shot down six enemy planes Helena to perpetuatethename of during raid. the Damaged, she was the famous criuser lost in the soon repaired at, the Navy Yard, Mare Battle of Kula Gulf, Secretary of Island, and sent t o the South Pacific. theNavyFrank Knox announced After making two runs to Guadallast month. This will be thethird canal, her next mission was t o escort Helena, thefirst one having been the uss Hornet. Later she joined the a 1,392-ton gunboatbuiltin 1893. force with the uss W a s p and was presby The new Helena isbeingbuilt ent when the carrier was torpedoed 15 the New York Shipbuilding Corp. September 1942. a t Camden, N. J. When the wet, oil-soaked survivors cruisers, destroyers and transports attempting t o reinforce Guadalcanal was intercepted by a task force under the late Rear Admiral Norman Scott, USN. The enemy was engaged a t 14 minutes before midnight; exactly 98 seconds later the Helenas guns paused momentarily as the destroyer on which she had them trained caught fire. Explosions rocked the J a p and she sank. The Helenas gun crews then turned their attention t o a cruiser. Four-andone-half minutes the later cruiser, flaming from bow to stern, disintegrated. A Jap cruiser and a U. S. cruiser were swapping punches nearby. The Helena turned batteries her on the enemy and the combined firepower of the two ships soon sank the enemy ship. A J a p destroyer sneaked in and fired a torpedo at the Helena, but her lookout spotted the and cruiser it swung sharply. tin The fish passed harmlessly 75 yards ahead. As the J a p destroyerattempted to flee the scene, the Helena joined another U. S. ship which had it under fire. Their concentrated blasted fire the destroyer to bits. In the battle theHelenas gun crews had fired at four ships and had either four destroyed or helped t o destroy shps. She was not hit, nor did she suffer any casualties. During the following month the Helena ( 1 ) avoided a submarine tack while escorting a convoy; ( 2 ) bombarded Koli Point; and (3) beat off an attack of Jap dive-bombers. Four out of nine bombers downed were credited t o the Helena. On the night of 12-13 November 1942, a largeJapaneseforce made a
a + -

Page 24

desperate, all-out effort to regain control of the Solomons. The Helena was thefirst t o sightthe enemy force as it neared Savo island. She steamed between the enemys two columns beforetheJapanese detected her presence. Finally an enemy cruiser stabbed the darkness her with searchlight, found the Helena and opened fire. The Helenas main battery, meanwhile, had been trained on the same cruiserandhadgottentherange. A full salvo from her guns struck home. The J a p cruiser, a heavy one with 8inch guns, burst into flames. Rapid, continuous fire was maintained on the cruiser.Practicallyalltheshotsappeared to score hits. Flames raged forward and amidships. The cruiser began to sink. The Helenas main battery subsided, but the secondary battery, which had selected adestroyer, pounded its target and hammered her into the sea. Fifteen minutes later the Helena observed six enemy ships on herstarboard, retreating northward from the battle..One of these, itwaslearned later, was a cruiser which had engaged the uss San Francisco on which Rear Admiral Daniel J. Callaghan, USN, task force commander, had been killed. Fire from the Helenas mainbattery sank this cruiser. The Helenas secondarybatterysank a destroyer from the six-ship formation. That gave the Helena four ships to her credit within a few minutes. Remnants of the battered Japanese force fled northward, some actually firing at each other in the confusion.. Then followed an interlude ofcomparative calm when the Helena softened up airfields in the New Georgia islands, helping t o pave thewayfor subsequent Allied landings ; shelled shore positions a t Munda, Vila, Kolombangara and Bairoko harbor; beat off daylight attacks of Japanese aircraft. The Helenas final battle began a t 0155 on 7 July, when a U. S. force caught the Japs landing troops to reinforce Munda. This the was battle of Kula Gulf which cost the Japs 1 from 9 to 1 cruisers and destroyers, Helena. and the U. S. onevessel-the Opening up her main battery on one of the larger enemy ships, the Helena sank her. The secondary battery fired on a destroyer, sankher,shifted immediately to another destroyer and sank her. Just as both batterieshad shifted to new targets and hadinflicted damage on two more shps, Japanese destroyers closed in and launched a torpedo attack. Torpedoes crashed into the Helenas hull. Shewent down 20 minutes later. Capt. Charles P. Cecil, USN, who wasthen commanding officer, won a gold starin lieu of a second Navy Cross for hiscalm, efficient direction of the abandonment of his ship. He directed subsequent rescue work from a small life raft, and spent five hours

in the oil-covered water and ten more on the raft before reaching a beach. Shipmates say he refused to rescued be by a destroyer,preferring to stay in thewaterand see that men notrescued immediately would reach shore. On the following morning, when rescue ships haddepartedwith most of the survivors, 166 of the Helenas crew found themselves swimming alone o r in small groups on a lonely, hostile sea. A B-24 flew over and dropped three rubber boats, two of which were salvaged. Two wounded men were 50 other placed in them about and survivors slowly gathered about their rims. Planes, enemy as well as friendly ones, frequently passed over the men, but they were not strafed. Next day it was decided t o attempt to reach Vella Lavella, which, although farther away than Kolombangara, was in the direction of the wind and current. With the help of an improvised sail and constant paddling, headway was made a t about one and e half knots. The men were beginning to tire, and occasionally a man would lose his grip on the and boat not be seen again. Happily, a case of potatoes floated by, and the men found that chewing on them helped t o lessen their thirst. The water was warm and there were no sharks. On the following day the survivors landed on Vella Lavella, wherefriendly natives guided them to apicturesque Melanesian village. The men were filthy with oil, and some were nearly naked. Makeshift clothes were found, and those injured grew strong on the simple first-aid andnursing which their shipmates the and natives provided. Since Japanese patrols and scouting parties were on the island, a guard of five marines and a few sailors was established. The natives produced seven old rifles, including one of Japanese make, and a shotgun. The natives assistedprotecting in the camp by reporting Jap activities, It was reported on one occasion that four

Japanese approached too closely and were disposed of by the natives. Within a few days communication was established withnavalforces at Tulagi, and a bold and difficult scheme wasinitiatedtosnatchthesurvivors from the Jap-held island. Capt. Francis x. McInerney, USN, commander of a destroyer squadron, was placed in charge of the rescue expedition. He - transports (conordered destroyer verted over-age destroyers)tohandle the actual rescue work. They were to be covered by an inner escortscreen of modern destroyers while taking off the survivors and by an outer screen of destroyers, operating independently. Departing from Guadalcanal at noon on 15 July, the force approached Vella Lavella after midnight on a bright moonlight night. The ships inched their way cautiously toward land, taking frequent soundings. Although everything indicated that navigation had been correct, no signal came from shore. Precisely a t 0200, however, the signal was seen and transports the moved shoreward. Covered by marines, who watched for enemy patrols,theraggedsurvivors climbed in shore boats and were taken to the transports. A few had t o be lifted over the side; some appeared as strong and hearty as they were before their arduous experience, but all were suffering from coral cuts suffered on the beach, for none had shoes. Japanese reconnaissance planes had sighted the covering force and shathe but dowed it throughout night, the enemys preoccupation with this force led him to ignore completely the main group. The return voyage to Tulagi-Guadalcanal was uneventful except for the rescue of some enemy survivors of the second Battle of Kula Gulf, and the sighting of others who preferred suicide to being rescued. Snatched from the sea and from the verycenter of a Jap stronghold,the gallant Helena crew -nearly 1,000 strong-is ready today to fight again.

Official U. S. N a r y P h o t o g r a p h .

Helena survivors report

on sister ship after Battle of Kula Gulf.

Page 25

What About S u m * mLtRTse4 Records, Pay? What Are ~ Dutk of Ol&ers? Hwe Are P d u r e J Suggestwm
those important Rs: reconstruction (of your pay account,serviceand health or reimburserecords), replacement ment(fortheloss of your personal effects) andreassignment. Separate sections will cover such other phases the as variations that apply to Armed Guard personnel, crews aboard destroyers and smaller ships, and those landed on foreign shores; also, special procedures affecting notification of casualties, and a listing of helpful tips for survivors. discharged from or ordered again into service, or until a court-martial or court of inquiryshall be held to inquire the into loss of said vessel (Art 21). So the officers and men remain members of their own ships company, even when taken aboard another ship. At time, that of course, they come under the disciplinary jurisdiction of the new ship, but their organization remains intact until the ships company is dissolved by SecNav, or is reassigned. And how about the commanding officer of the ship-what are his duties? Briefly, they are: 1. In case of the loss of theship, to remain by her with officers and crew a s long as necessary and to save as much life and government property as possible. 2. If it becomes necessary to abandon the ship, to be the last person to leave her. 3. To make a report of the circumstances to the Secretary of the Navy as soon as possible, and if wrecked within watersadjacenttotheUnited States, to repair t o the nearest naval station with the crew. 4. If in a foreign country, to lose all effortsto no time,aftermaking saveproperty,inreturningwithhis officers and crew to the fleet or squadron to which they belonged (or, if

Your ship goes down. After floating about for some while, you and othersfromtheshipare picked up. Youre survivors now. What happens from there on? For instance: What are the duties of commanding oficers and others? What about clothing and effects lost by oficers and enlisted men? What happens to your pay account? Whosejurisdictionareyouunder? f o r , andwhat W h e r e doyouhead h a p p e n s w h e n y/ou get there? m h a t c a n y o u do to aid yourself in getting reestablished? Whenever a ship goes down, dozens of questionslike these come up. The story of what actually happens from there on can be divided, roughly, intoaboutfour main sections. Under to these fall most of the questions which you, as a survivor, maywant to know the answers. They are: (1) the command and organization of survivors, or whos supposed to do what? (2) your temporary rescue situation, ( 3 ) your arrival a t a port, and (4)

Command and Organization of Survivors

What happens the to organization of your ship if she goes down? While you are aboard, you and the others comprise the ships company. If she goes down, you becbme survivors. How does that change your status with reEard to the ship and its command? Actuallv. not a t all. Even when your ship goes down, the organization of it still survives. As Navy Regulations put it, When the crew of any vessel of the United States are separated from their vessel by means uf her wreck, loss or destruction, the all command and authority given tothe officers of such vessel shall remain in full forceuntil such ships company shall be regularly

Page 26

acting singly, t o the United States) and to take steps t o preserve the government property saved, until disposed of in such manner as the Department may direct. The executive officer looks after the muster roll. If pay accounts were lost, thedisbursing officer isauthorized, upon written from order the commanding officer, to reconstruct the pay accounts of the survivors, from thefirstday of the month in which thecasualty occurred, givingto each person the pay of the rating he held at thetimethe accountswerelost. It is the duty of officers of the Supply Corps t o secure and preserve the pay accounts of officers and men and papers relating thereto (particularly the latest money list), the public money, and such other public papers ,and property, the in order of their value, as circumstances permit.

Your Temporary Rescue Situation

Ships in today's war zones travel in fleets, squadrons o r taskforces, and usually the survivors of a casualty are picked up by destroyers or other vessels in their unit. If your ship has a sizeable complement, there is little chance for enough spare space on any single ship to take care of all survivors, so they may find themselves fairly well split up among several ships. Command is maintained through the senior surviving officer of eachunit, who inturn is responsible tothe senior surviving officerof the originalship's company. However, you have now come under the disciplinary jurisdiction of your rescue ship. You are, all to intents a working passenger; and purposes, your situation is much the same as if you had been assigned to that ship on temporary duty. Food, clothing, medical care and pay areamong your first concerns. Food and medical care are provided aboard the rescue ship; pay accounts and clothing are fixed uplater,for only temporary expedients are possible now. Since few people go over the side with a full sea bag clutched firmly in their hands, you probably arrived aboard yourrescue ship clad only in a skivvy shirtanddungarees, or officers' clothes, as the case might beplus, in some cases, a light coat of fuel oil. The problem of clothing may now be handled in any of several ways. First, there is always the likelihood of some aid from your new shipmates, who probably can dig up a spare item hereandthere.Naturally,anygreat influx of survivors puts a severe drain on these random supplies and in such a case they should not be counted upon too heavily.

The ship probably will have some foul-weather clothing available for is temporary issue. Also, it normal procedure on thepart of a rescuing ship to break open the ship's lucky bag and make its contents available to survivors. A fourth source isthatthe commanding officer of a rescuing ship may direct the issue of minimum essentials from clothing and small stores t o meet theemergencyrequirements of survivors. expect One word o f caution-don't too much. When the W a s p went down, f o r instance, there were some 2,000odd survivors t o be taken off by accompanying ships. One destroyer, which normally carried a complement of about 200, founditself with some 700 additional men aboard.Theprospects of getting outfitted a la Saks Fifth Avenue under such circumstances are accordingly diminished. Similarly, theremay be no provisions f o r opening pay accounts while on the rescue ship. However, your shopping opportunities are pretty limited for a while, and pay accounts can be straightened out quickly once you hit port.

Your Arrival at a Port

Upon arriving at a port, whether it be abroad or within the continental United States, you will come under certain procedures set the up for handlingandreestablishment of survivors. If, for instance, you found yourself back in the United States, the procedure would g o something like this : In accordancewith regulations, the ship's company is to remain intact underits own officers until dissolved by properauthority.Afterarrival at a receiving ship o r station in the continental United States,this provision is regarded as no longer applicable, as procedureestablished by BuPers then goes into effect. Officers of yourship report t o the commandant of the naval district, who advises BuPers immediately of their names and ranks and retains them on temporary duty pending receipt of ordersfromthe Bureau. In exceptional cases leave is granted if the leave address is in the immediate vicinity. The to Bureau. its endeavors forpart,

QUIZ
I. Can you be reimbursed for
2.

J
money losta casualty? page in ship (see I) 30, column When ship a goes down, does that mean the ship's company been has dissolved, o r does it stillexist?(see p. 26, col. 2-3) I f you landonarescueship, d o you become member a o h a th i p ' s tf s company? (see p. 26, col. 3 ) W h a t words should a commanding officer NOT use inreporting casualties?(see p. 44, col. 1 ) Namefour ways that you mightobtainclothingona rescue ship?(see p. 27, col. 1-2) H o w many of following the articles can an enlisted man be reimbursed are when his ship for if they lost goesdown:watch,eyeglasses,toilet articles, Blueiackets' Manual, razor? (see p. 29, col. 2 ) I f pay accounts down. the go with ship, how much o f what due is you will be paid immediately when they are reconstructed? (see p. 29, col.

for S U R V I V O R S
(see many of them can you name? p. 29, COI. 3 ) 12. l h e survivor said, "We iled to p in the whaleboat set and out f o rt h e nearest land, which we reached' some later." days W h yi s n ' tt h a ta typical survivor story? (see p. 27,
COI.

3.
4.
5.
6.

I)

13. Can you file a duplicate claim for the same loss o f clothing, in case the approved original claim was chart, never delivered t o y o r ? [see p.28, col. I ) 14. Do survivors get leave olr b e r t y ? i (scee p. 27, COI.3 ; p. 2 8 , COI. 1-2) 15. W h a t fivethingsshould be done before men are reassigned t o new duty? (see p. 28, col. 3 ) 16. W h a t types of shipnot do have their pay records aboard, but keep them, either or instead,ashore aboard another (see ship? p. 45,

7.

Supposetheship'srecords sank with her-who would her have muster roll? (see p. 30, col. 2 ) 9. W h a t simpledevicewouldspeed up the reconstruction o f your pay account following ship a casualty? (see p. 4 5 , T i p No. I ) IO. W h o can OK claim a f o r loss of clothing small and stores? (see p. 29, col. I ) I I. There are five different (and official) ways you may dispose o f spare pay and allowances aboard ship. How

8.

1)

walks into one of following the offices presents and his partial pay it card. W h i c h t h e m i lh o n o r of w l and advancesome him pay? (a) American CORSUI, b ) Army ( finance officer, Corps Marine (c) paymaster?(see p. 4 4 , col. 3 ) it t r e p o r h a t o tt 18. Whose is duty you're a survivor? (see p. 30, COI.

17. A survivorof an ArmedGuardcrew

COI.

I)

19. W h o 3approves claims f o r cash re1

20. imbursement? (see p. 29, col. 2-3) I f your savings deposit record book islost when aship goesdown,what can be done about (see 30, it? p.
COI.

I)

Page 27

transmitordersasrapidlyaspracticable. Men are listed by ratingsandthis list is transmitted immediately to the officer charged with distribution of personnel forthe fleet or activity to which your ship belonged, stating thaL theyare survivors andavailable for reassignment. Reconstruction of records, preparation of claims and outfitting with clothing is then begun, if it

has not already been accomplished. Libertygranted, is but no leave prior to receipt of orders for new duty. However, when it can. be done, survivors are granted as much leave, or delay in reporting t o new duty, as t o exceed circumstances permit (not 30 days, including travel time). This, for Comhowever, is a matter the mander Service Force, Subordinate Command, to decide. This officer gives

OFFICERS
[tcnls of ,uniform. eauipnlent other and Iersonal property. subject restrictions to Jresclibcd in BuPers Manual, art. C-8006.

ENLISTED MEN
.
I.

Itoils of clothing and small stores (not to exceed regulationfullbag). Toilct articles (maximum total: $10. oIRcer is produced).

File claim on S&A Form 324. in triljiicate.listingarticleslost o r d;imamd, ~urchasc Itrice, tinw in use. value wl~(:n lost or drstwyed (orestinlated damace). Have signature notarwed by otficer (Lt.jg or above) o r civilian notary public. 1. Present claim in triplicate tothe adjudicating authority (see following section). 1. When youreceive approved claim, present original disbursing to officer for payment. and retain a copy for your personal flle.
I.

including razor exceed $ 5 ) . ;. Moncy receipt notto for safekeeping ( i f deposlted of receiving disbursing. and if

:.

,or clothing nqld small stores: L. Prepare claim on S L A Form 2 8 , in

1. Conlnlxndant of an?;navaldistrict.
1. Thc

Qr Commander. Southwcst P;rciflc ; South Paciflc ; Atlantic ; Naval Forccs in IfurorJc; Naval Forces in Northwest Afrirm Waters : Service Squadron South Pacific; or R. The Comrnanrlant. Naval Operating Rase. Casablanca or Oran. or 4. Respective chiefs of staff of the commandants commanders and speclfied above.

quadruplicate, stating items lost and vxccuting attidavit on reverse of form. Present claim to proper officer (see following sectlon) f o r adjudicationand apgroval. 1 Present original approved claim to any . supply oficer authorized to issue clothingand small stores. For items L-6 ill section above: Claims handled in same manner as offlcers claimsforcash reimbursement (see column at left).

!.

I~~or clothi?tn nmi small stores:

1. Conlpletes last colutnn of S&A F o r m 3 2 4 (valuation o f items on thc basis of uniform allo\vance list furnished him by BuIc~.s). 2. Conlpletes certiflcate ho. 3 on this form. 3. Aftrrapp~oval of claim, forwards one cop,y to BuPers. Finance Ofice. and dellvers origrnal and second copy o to claimant. 4. Forwards monthly report on claims andclaimants to BuPers.

Any olficer of or above rank the of Zonullander who is : 1. A commanding officer or 1. In a higher echelon ok command, or {. The senior officer present. (FOTitems 2-6 is tor, section rtboae: See colun~n at left.Claims hundlcd in a s officcrs claims for same manner cash reimbursenlcnt.)

such consideration as may be Practicable tothe mens individual desires for duty and t o the desirability of their being reassigned t o the same type of duty for which they were trained. Men needing hospitalization or rehabilitation getspecial attention. Prior totheir being granted leave o r liberty, both the officers and the men arethoroughlyinstructedinregard t o security of information. They are told what information has already been made public concerning the ships loss, and warned against divulging If circumany information. other stances prevent such jnstruction, all hands should of course lean over backwards in exercising caution so that security will not be jeopardized. The men are not detached t o proceed t o new stations until the following have been accomplished: (a) Pay accounts reconstructed and opened. (b) Skeleton health record prepared. (c) Sheets 9 and 10 of their service record prepared (showing transfer, change of rating, new duty, etc.) and a duplicate forwarded t o the Bureau of Naval Personnel.(Service records,though, need notbe reconstructed until the men arrive at their new station.) (d) Claims forlost clothing and effects submitted. (e) Men outfitted with clothing. Similar procedures probably would have been initiated had you landed at a receiving ship o r station abroad instead of in the continental United States, the with possible exceptions that (a) you might receive only a skeletonclothingoutfit, sufficient t o maintain you temporarily, in case you were to be returned t o the U. S., and (b) your reassignment might be accomplished by your Commander Service Force locally instead of following return t o the U. S.

Disbursilrq o.fficer: makes Ixoment on Public Xoucher upon presentation of original approved claim.

Plxces ce1,tificate of approval onclaim. specifying amountfor which claim is -. 2. Delivers original and 2 Copies of approved claim t o man for safekeeping. 3. Forwards one COPY immediately to RuPersfor records. 4. Forwards monthly report on claims andclaimants to BuPers.
I.
:I . ,,,,vn,,=d . rr.

The Three Rs
Reconstruction, replacement, reimbursement-those are three o f the Rs that may affect you as a survivor. What doyou have to do about losses and records and pay accounts? Reconstruction of records andpay accountsprobably is necessary if the ship sank quickly and it was not possible t o getthe records off. Medical officers takecare of thehealthdata, and personnel officers .look afterthc service data-but youre inport now andyour pockets are empty, so how about your pay account? The procedure followed to permit prompt resumption of regular payments to survivors is as follows: (a) Your commanding officer may authorize any disbursing officer to reconstruct your pay account if it has been lost in a sinking.

1 Claims of chief petty officers, stewards. .

(Both Officers andEnlistedMen)

SU~J~JIU o.@cer:

2.
3.

4.
5.

cooks andotherenlisted nlcn covrring articlesnotcustomarilyissued inkinrl arc submittcrl in tri1~lic;;tr on S L A Form 3 2 4 ant1 lrandledin samc manner as claims for reimbursenlcnt in cash flled by oficers. Clalms of Chaplain Corps perso,nnel for reimbursement for ecclesiastical equipment a r e adjudicatcd a t BuPers. Instructions printcd here a r e applicable to Coast Guard personnel with necessary modification a s t o use of forms. Instructions printed here a r e not applicableto Mprine Corps personnel. T o avoid duplicateclaims,affldavlt is signed certifyingno previous applicationhas been made. To flle dupllcate claim requires written permission from BuPers.

1. lssues clothing and small stores within limit of amount approved (but not necessarily conforming with items lost). 2. Endorses on original claim the date, shlp or statian. and total value of issue made, and returns to it man. except when issues equal or exceed full value of certificate. issues Such are exSLA Form 71. spppendedoninvoice ported by certlfled copy of approving certiflcate (except t h a t original willbe flled to substantiate flnal issue) ,and by individual clothing receipt. Such invoices be will covered by monthly transfer stateme.nt (S&A. Form 2 2 2 ) charging PS&T and crediting Clothing and Small Stores Fund. (See also NOTES & EXCEPTIONS in cob umn a t left.)

Page 28

(b) You are furnished a form to be used inpreparing asworn statement giving such details as current items of pay, allowances, extra pay details, allotments, sundry checkages, and so on, which appeared in your pay account a t the time of the sinking. This statement is t o include the amounts drawn during the month in which the sinking occurred and the amount left undrawn as shown on the latest money list. After the pay account has been reconstructed a s prescribed in paragraph (c) immediately below, you may be paid any amount due you as shown on the reconstructed pay account just as payments would be made on the basis of a regular pay account. (c) The disbursing officer opens a pay account for you from and including the first dayof the month in which the casualtyoccurred and makes proper credits chargesthe and in account on the basis of the facts presented in your sworn statement, including credit of any unpaid balance due you up to and including the last day of the month prior to that in which the sinking occurred. (d) One signed copy of the sworn statement then is forwarded by the Bureau of disbursing officer to the Supplies and Accounts, Field Branch (Master Accounts Division) in Cleveland, Ohio, for review and for verification of the allotment and, family allowance charges. This division then notifies thedisbursing officer of any pay adjustments which should be made in your account on the basis of informationavailablethere,andforwards a photostat of S&A Form 6 (allotment authorization) for each allotment registered. Worth thethat noting is fact amounts due you and unpaid on the lastpayday will be credited to you immediately in your pay account following a ships loss, even thoughdisbursing records were lost. Replacement and reimbursement for any loss of personal property you may have suffered in a ship casualty is handled as follows: If you are an enlisted man(1) You are furnished a requisition receipt for items of clothing and small stores (S&A Form 28) by thesupply officerofan31 activity having clothing for issue. You must make a sworn statement on this listing form the items of clothing and small stores lost inthecasualtyand claim reimbursement therefor. (2) Prior to approval, the supply officer enters on your claim the issue value for each of the items for which reimbursement is claimed, and the total value of the claim. (3) Any officer of or above the rank of commander, who is acommanding officer or in a higher echelon ofcommand, mayapprovethe claim on the. spot inanamount not to exceed the value of a full bag.

f o r w h i c ha ne n 1 i r t e . d m a n c a n b er e i m b u r s e d

if

result

o f a casualty

WATCH

EYEGLASSES

BLUEJACKETS MANUAL

CUFF L I N K S and COLLAR BUTTONS

TOILET ARTICLES
(Maximum total allowed: $10, .including razor not to exceed $5,)

MONEY (IF deposited for safekeeping, and if receipt of receivingdirbuning officer h produced)

(4) After approval, the original casualty, you may file a claim for reclaim is returned to you (Note: dont imbursement in cash on S&A Form lose it! A duplicate will not be issued 324. You present this claim to any if you do). It may then be presented commandant, or commander of forces to any supply officer. He is author- afloat, or their respective chiefs of ized t o issue you clothing and small staff, who areauthorized by the Bustores within the limit of the amount reau of Naval Personnel to adjudicate approved, without regard to specific claims for cashreimbursement (chart items lost. He then makesapproprion opposite page lists some of them). ate endorsement on the original apUpon approval, the original claim may proved claim to indicate the issues be presented by you t o any disbursing made. officer for payment. (5) Claims of enlisted men for cash Funds. So far as the Navy is conreimbursement for articles not cus- cerned, if you have amounts of pay tomarily issued in kind are handled and allowances to which you are enin the manner prescribed for claims of titled but do not require for immediate officers, as mentioned in the next para- use, you candispose of them in five graph. Reimbursement may be made ways: (1) make allotments for savfor the following: ings or other authorized purposes, (2) Watches leave such amounts due as an unpaid Eyeglasses balance in your pay account, (3) if Bluejackets Manual you are an enlisted request man, Toilet articles (maximum total checkage of your pay account for the amount: $10, including razor, purpose of savings deposits, (4) draw which must not exceed $5) amounts due and make deposits for Cuff link, collar buttons and clothsafekeepingwithyourdisbursingofing (other than items of clothing ficer, and ( 5 ) drawamounts due and and small stores) of chief petty retain them in your own custody. officers, stewards and cooks Allotments for savings or other auMoney deposited forsafekeeping thorized purposes provide maximum (see special section on this which security and will continue without infollows) terruption even though disbursing recEnlisted men may not be reimbursed ords pertainingto your pay account in cash for the loss of anyitem not go down with your ship. specifically mentioned above. Amounts due and unpaid on the last If you are an officer, and have sufpay day will be creditedimmediately fered a loss of .personal property in a in your pay accountfollowinga cas-

Page 29

ualty, even though disbursing records pertaining to your account are lost. Your savings deposits are recorded in in a savings deposit record book the custody of your disbursing officer, and your depositsarereported monthly t o the General Accounting Office. If your deposit record book is lost, you may be issued a new one upon authorization w the General Accounting Office, which will furnish a statement showing the amount standing t o your credit according totheir records. (See also Tips for Survivors, No. 2, at the end of this article.) In the event a deposit for safekeeping which you made with your disbursing officer goes down withyour ship, you may be reimbursed provided you produce the receipt for the deposit, or, if that is missing, produce evidence, including an affidavit from the disbursing officer, that will establish conclusively that you had deposited the money for safekeeping had and not withdrawn it prior to the casualty. As for cash which you have in your possession at the time of the sinking, youd better hold on t o it, for nobody is going to replace it if you lose it! Officers who find themselves floating in the south Pacific and are subsequently picked up by a rescue ship may also find themselves without very much intheway of funds on their person, prior to reconstruction of their pay accounts. Although money is not a vital necessity a t this stage, fellowofficers can probably provide any reasonable amount needed. In any

case, it is usually possible to obtain a of loan through Welfare the Fund eitherthe ship or the shore activity. This is a non-interest-bearing loan which you can repay when you are again within reach o f your funds.

YOUT Reassignment
Who knows who the survivors are? How are casualties reported? What if the muster roll, for instance, went down with the ship? To begin with,theoriginal of the muster roll is usually not on the ship a t all. Every three months the ships muster roll is made up and the originalforwardedtoBuPers. A copy is retained by the ship. In addition to this quarterly muster roll, there is also made out a rnontlzly report of changes, showing only the changes made in the muster since the lastquarterlyreport. Comparison of this with the muster roll would show the actual complement of the ship each month. sailing And finally, there is the list, prepared when your last ship left port. Like the monthly report of changes, this shows, only alterations in themuster roll, to conform withthe actual personnel aboard the ship when she sailed. From the this status of the ships complement can be quickly determined, for precautions are taken to see thatitis available inseveral places. The original of thesailinglistis forwarded to BuPers. Then copies are
r

341- 61-12
F i l e o r S e r v i c e No.

DOE, John
Sumas.

ti.

V-6
clas.:

USNR
Designation

F i r s t Name m d . I n i t i . 1

PAY AND ALLOWANCES INFORMATION

PERSONAL WITHDRAWAL

distributed: one aboard the ship itself, and one withthe flag commander of the shore activity from which the ship put out. Several others are distributed among other ships in your unit o r task force, so that some record of the ships personnel is usually available. Thusthe names of allhandswere known when you leftport.But how about when you are picked up as survivors? You then find your way back into the official records in several ways. (a) The Commander Service Force reports your existence as a survivor to BuPers. (b) The first shore activity a t which you land reports you as a supernumerary. (c) Your commanding officer reports your existence to the Commander Service Force, t o theshoreactivity,and t o BuPers. (d) Your presence is also reported t o the same sources by the commanding officerof the rescuing ship. If your ship went down in the south Pacific, for example, and you were United States as a returned t o the survivor, your arrival was probably preceded by a report from ComSoPac. Had the Commander Service Force required you immediately in his area,you would not have been returned t o the United States but would have been reassigned in area, the perhaps to another ship as areplacement, o r t o an overseas shore station. If you were a returned the to United States as survivor, however, yourreassignment t o duty would be handled by the Commander Service Force (Subordinate Command). Through an arrangement withBuPers,the respective Subordinate Command, Pacific and Atlantic, has jurisdiction over the reassignment of survivors to other duty.

Notification of Casualties
Reporting of casualties is one of the serious duties facing any commanding officer following the sinking of a ship under his command. There are several rulesthatmust be observed, as well as some dangers t o be avoided. The immediate necessity, of course, is t o find out who i s a casualty. If the muster roll has not been lost, and if all the men have been taken aboard the same rescue ship, this can be done easily enough. Where is there no muster roll available, or where the men are scattered among severalrescuing ships, the information probably has t o be assembled by word of mouth-by mustering the men aboard their various ships or at the first port reached and inquiring from each as t o what he knows of his shipmates: which he saw rescued, which he knows were lost, which he doesnt know about. By assembling and checking these reports, a muster can be made up and

~~~

~~~~

FIRST AID in reconstrwting pay accounts is this handy personal memo card, now used by Navy personnel aboard several ships. Card shown is two-thirds actual size, folds, and may be prepared locally.
Page 30

(Continged on Page 4 4 )

FOR FRACTURES

UNDER X-RAY a fracture looks like this. A possible fracture is indicated when there is pain, localized tenderness, unnatural position of limb or inability to use it. When fracture is suspected, victim should be treated as fracture case.

be supplied to keep SUPPORT, called a splint, should broken ends of fracture from moving and causing further injury. In compound fracture cases the skin is broken; all other bone breaks are simple fractures.

AFTERSPLINThas been applied t o armfracture,the a r m should be put in sling. Injured mans neckerchief, o r that o f man giving first aid, makes efficient sling. (In compound fracture, treat the wound first-then the fracture.)

EASILYAPPLIEDSPLINTforthe lower ieg orankle may be made by using a pillow. and a bayonet and scabbard. A rifle o r other material that may be handy can also be used, o r heavy wire mesh supplied with first-aid kits.

THOMAS RING SPLINT, usually available aboard ship, is often used in cases of leg o r thigh fractures. With it, traction is applied to overcome muscle pull and keep the broken bone ends in position while victim is being moved.

SKULLFRACTURE is oftenhard to detect,since there may be visible no scalp wound. Look for bleeding from the nose, ears o r mouth of victim of suspected skull fracture. "Official U. S. Navy Photographs.

Page 31

4
CLOUD FORMATIONS

MORNING,

=MIDOWAY IS.

SJUNE

The Knockout
By FLETCHER PRATT
Author of Sea Power and Todays War, Fighting Ships of the U. S. Navy and The Navy Has Wings.

Undetected American Carrier Force DeliveredFinal Blow to Jap Fleet

when a force of which they were completely ignorant came rushing into action. It wasthe American carrierstriking force of AdmiralSpruance [who Some time between 0830 and 0900 led last months invasion of Gilbert on 4 June the crisis of the Battle of Islands-ED]. Midway had been passed, though no This striking force, which you will one in the American forces knew recall had been hurrying toward Midat it the time. way that eventful morning, had three carriers-Yorktown, Hornetand EnThe Japanese had t e v r i s e . The carriers were hull-down struckhardwith their sea-borne air from one another, now somewhat forces atour is- northeast of Midway, still running fast toward the scene of action. In all land base and had damaged i t ; still the ships, pilots had been called from their bunks a t 0300; by 0400 they more had they were in the ready rooms, ta!king exd a m a g e d the citedly as weather information and the aerial resourccs of the defense. But course and speed of the enemy were our landbased aviators had also struck posted on the blackboards. On some a t them; they had lost a t least one of vessels loudspeakers were tuned in on theirtransports, one carrieratleast the battle frequency; everyone aboard was in very bad shape, a second dam- could heartheshouts of Hendersons aged, there were bombs in other ves- men as they went into their desperate sels all through the fleet; andtheir I aerial losses were such that only vicThis is the second of twoarticles tory could pay for them. They had by M r . Pratt recounting the Buttle not won this victory. They were acof Midway, reprinted with permiscepting a drawn battle, turning around sion from Harpers Magazine. The to comeback later for another tryfirst appeared last month. perhaps no later than the next day-

at Midwav J
adventure, the voice of a young B-17 pilot, breaking with emotion on the high note, theclear,rapid words of Colonel Sweeney making his assignthe comments. A flash from high mand said Japs the were attacking Midway. The J a p bombers making that attack must have been almost in thin, sight of our ships behind the chill haze that covered the morning wherethey were, and still theships were pushing west a t such speed that the destroyers were taking green it over their bows. At 0730 the pilots manned planes and were summoned fromthemagain,stampingthe deck apostrophizing and the bridgeWouldnt you think a t a time like this theyd get things straight up there? Just before 0900 Admiral Spruance got straight the two matters that had t o be straight beforehe could release his thunderbolt. First, the enemy carriers had been found. Second, his own carriers had moved into position where fighters could give the attacking planes cover all way the in. The American fleet had now runthrough its haze area into clear bright weather. Pilots, man your planes ! From Lieut. Dickinsons unidentified carrier there were 14 torpedoplanes,

Page 32

36 dive bombers and fighter escort; from each of the other carriers about the same, to make up greatest the concentration of sea-airstrengthyet Hornets Torpedo seen in war. The Squadron 8 wasunder Lieut. Comdr. John C. Waldron; among the flying clouds of the weather front near the target he lost contact with the rest of our planes and could not find the enemy. Convinced thatthe course he had flown should have brought him t o intercept Japs the near where they were last reported and that the clouds would nothide so great aconcentration of ships,he reasoned that there was only one explanation for missing them-the Japs must have turned back whence they had come. He turned northwest therefore, and a little after 1100 found them, four carriers sliding along in a close group,with all the retinue of other ships around. Thelong runhadtakennearlyall his gas, he had lost the fighters that were to cover him, and the Japs were now located. Request permission .to withdrawfrom action t o refuel, he radioed. But the enemy had slipped observation once; they might do it again and return with their superior force. Attack a t once radioed back the human machine, though the men in those planes were his friends. Ensign George Gay was one of that squadron. He has described how they found the Jap fleet closely bunched around their carriers, a line less than ten miles long from end to end, to get the .maximum effect fromtheir AA fire, and how Zeros swarmed around the American planes as they went in, taking every advantage of the fact a that a torpedoplanehastomake long level run before launching.

Watching a Jap Catastrophe

Im hit,said Gays machine-gunner over the interphone, but the plane still worked; Gay drove in toward the bows of an onrushing carrier, dropped his missile, swung and up A along her side toward stern. the J a p shell went off right in the middle of the rudder controls, burning his leg, and at almost the same moment a bullet hit his left arm. The plane stalled and struck the water, already several carrier. As Gay miles astern o f the came up, the tail of the machine stuck out of thewater,but of hisgunner and radioman there was no sign; they were gone with every other man of Torpedo 8. Gay.was the only survivor. A bag floated free from the wreck with a rubber r a f t in it, and a small black bombardiers cushion. He grabbed the cushion, bandaged his wounds under water, and looked up in time t o catch the most spectacular sight,of the war. Lieutenant Commander Clarence McCluskey with Bombing 6 and Scouting 6 (all carrying bombs thisday) hadfoundtheJapsandwasattacking-this time with fighter cover. The undamaged carrier Kaga was making

her full 30 knots into the wind, trying to shoot off her refueled fighters; for the attack had come a s a dreadful surprise to the Japs, who thought they were done with Midway. The first three bombs missed, and backon our carriersradios the picked up McCluskeys fervent swearing. But of the next three, one landed among the airplanes on the Kagas afterdeck, lighting a fire that burned with electric brilliance even in the candid daylight; one went through the into hangar deck to tossa column of deto the bris aloft; and one set light planes forward, ready t o fly. Then there were hits and hits till the Kaga blazed from stem t o stern and the last man in the formation gave his load of bombs to a destroyer, which stopped with smoke andsteamgushingfrom the engine room. Gay saw a prodigious column of flame shoot up from the Kaga and even at his distance felt a shock throughthewater.Her magazines had gone. When he looked a t the other carriers he couldsee the Akagi burning fiercely, fired by Lieut. Bests Bombing 6, with nobody knows how many hits as shesought in vain t o maneuver with that torpedo hole in her side. alight; she had The Soryu too was been hit by Bombing 3 (normally the Srmhggas squadron, the but Navy has not said what ship they flew from 4 June). And two of thebattleships were burning. All across the horizon a longline of warships wererocking and blazing on the slow Pacific swell. Down near water the our torpedo planes fromourothercarrierswere coming in, much harried by Zeros, which seemed t o have taken them as their especial targets and let the ships care for themselves against the bombe r s - o n e reasonwhy it was bombers field day while the torpedo men suftorpedo fered. Out of 41 American planes left carriers that the that morning only 6 got home and nobody knows whether they accomplished much orlittle. No one has much detail of any kind on this last stage of the attack. Gay saw only that line of burning giants with destroyers hurrying round to pump and salvage. Dickinson, from his more comprehensive undampoint of view aloft,sawthe aged Hiryu hurryingawayintothe mists. The second phase o f the battle was over and Japanese the were a beaten fleet. It must have been aboutthistime thattheradioscarriedthe message reported by Correspondent Casey-the gasp of a Japanese scout as he came through a cloud: My God, the whole United States fleet is out here!

A Spread Formation
But there was life in those Japanese yet;therewas one punch left in the Hiryu. Ourcarriershadturnedand were steaming southwestward, keep-

ing distance their from those fast Japanese battleships, since they had nothing stronger fighters than left aboard and nothing better than cruisers to cover them. (The Scharnhorst had sunk the Glorious in a few minutes off Norwayunder such conditions.) The carrier three groups were spread very wide, hull down from one another, which kept the Japs fromhittingall of them a t once as theirs had been hit, but also increased the enemys chances of finding and variation in hitting at least one-a method that willdoubtlesslongexercise tacticians.Putitthatthiswas a special case;therewas no longer any chance of concealment in that clear, still day with our planes batteringtheJapanese ships, and Admiral Spruances spread formation allowed the fighter planes from all to go to the aid of the first carrier attacked. It was the Yorktown, the northernmost ship, that was struck just after 1300 by 36 dive bombers from the Hirvu, which may have followed some of our planes home from their foray. Stand by t o repel air attack, said her loudspeakers, andthe fighterpatrols of theothercarriers joined the Yorktowns. It was damned spectacular, an said officer of one carrier. On the horizon there wouldbe aflash of flame and a mass of thick black smoke plunging downward to the sea. There would be another flash andanother downwardpencil; finally it looked like the sky over there was covered by a curtain of smoke streamers. Only seven J a p planes came through that hornets nest of Americanfighters, but they came in a moodof Oriental desperation, and despite losing three more at theship, theyplanted Yorktown just bombs. One hit the abaft the island, smashed up the guns there,andstarted a fire;anotherhit in the forward elevator well and started more fire fromthetanks of theplanes on thehangar deck; and still another bomb wentthroughthe side of the funnel, blowing out the fires in the ships engine room. The Yorktown stopped; watching her from the Hornets deck they could see a tall column o f smoke shoot straight up. But on the damaged carrier the fires were got in hand and Engineer Officer John F. Delaneysaid he could work her up to 15 knots after repairs. Among our other ships the mood had become a kind of restrained jubilation. They had heard the words and broken exclamations on battle frequency-Take the one on theright, Joe. Boy, look at bastard that burn. Zero on your tail, Zero on a few fliers reports your tail-and were on hand. Everyone was saying o u r bigattack on theJavanese fleet had been a success, t.tovGhhow much of a success would be uncertain till theplanes came trailinginjust be-

Page 33

JAPANESE REAR GUARD INCLUDING MIKUMAANDMO6AMI

MORNING,,G JUNE

J=
The Knockout: 5 and 6 June 1942
fore during attack and the on the

Yorktown.
But the Hornets planes did not come home at all; Torpedo 8 wasall down, as we have seen, and the ships scout-bombing groupstraveled had to just enough farther than the rest leave them short of juice t o get home. A crash-landed few a t sea;therest made Midway withthelast drops in theirtanks, two fallingshort of the runway by exactly the 300 feet which brought them down in the lagoon, whence their pilots waded ashore. The Yorktowns planes came back in twos andthrees,many of them hurt,but and Bombing 3 had suffered little, Bombing 6 wasthere,allinformation as though returning from a training flight..

The Best-Planned Attack

They and all the other planes in the fleet still fit for work were refueled and remunitioned, while the pilots grabbed sandwiches and coffee, and then took off againtogetthatlast Jap carrier, the Hiryu, and break up her flight deck. She her and escort, which now seems to have included most of the support force (since it had two battleships and heavy a cruiser besides destroyers), had steamed right away from the rest of the dolorous Japanese armada, northeastward. A good trick if it worked, but we had practical command of the found her. air now, and our scouts Whoever it was that first saw her, a Yorktown man, Lieutenant Sam Adams, scuttling along the edge of the clouds with radio his key open, described the course, speed, and composition of the Hiryu and her escorting group of ships so accwztely that the tactical officers back on our carriers could assign precise targetsto every

man. Thus it happened that this was the most carefully worked-out attack of them all. It must have been 1430 o r later before attacking our group of planes got away; and since the two fleets were now farther apart and steaming awayfrom each other, it musthave been after 1600 before they reached the Hiryu group. Now the day-long losing battle that the Japanese airmen hadfought began t o haveits effect. Their fighter opposition was weak. Their anti-aircraft fired furiously enough, butthe men who fired must have reached thepoint of black despair over the endless procession of star-markedplanesthat came out of the clouds to pound their dying ships. Hardly a blow from all that group of American planes missed its target; the Hiryu was hit and hit again with bombs timed t o pierce her deck till she burned from end to end. Both battleships were hit, the cruiser and the destroyerwerehit, while our loss was next to nothing. By now it was after 1600. At about this time flight a of Army Flying Fortresses from Oahu, which had used their immense range t o run 1,000 miles o r more to the battle area, were getting low on gas had and seen neither friend nor enemy through the broken clouds. Prepare drop to bombs, said the squadron leader. Theyallthoughtthey were going to jettison and make the best of their way back to base, but the lead plane dipped and as they followed it down, in the distance we saw hundreds of fighter planes hovering above a line of burning ships, says one of them. Someone said on the interphone, stations, here Everybody at battle come the Zeros. Butthe Zeros did not come, and a moment later the

Army men realized delightedly that what had looked like Zeros were only the anti-aircraft bursts ships from whose fighter protection was now 500 fathoms down a t the bottom of the Pacific, all of them blazingawayin wild nervousness 20 miles in advance of the attackers. No undamaged carrierswere visible, and the two battleships in sight were both burning. The fliers chose targets of opportunity. big Three bombs completed the ruin of the Akagi; a heavy cruiserwashitand a light cruiser. One bomb struck square on the fantail of a destroyer, which was halfway under and covered by a cloud of smoke as planes the soared away t o make emergency landings on Midway. But in their last gasp of the day the flight of Japs got the Yorktown. A Hiryu 15 torpedo planes from the crossed our attack force somewhere in the skies (why they did not come simultaneously withtheir bombers is another of the minor mysteries of Midway) and came in on the damaged carrier with fighter escort while their own ships were getting the works. Seven J a p torpedo planes and some of the fighters went down in a savage dogfight; three more fell to thecarriers AA fire before they could launch their torpedoes, and all the rest were lostinthe pull-out, lost t o American fighters who bravely entered their own at the enemy. (At barrageget to least one of them, Ensign Tootle, came down in water an the with engine knocked dead by thatbarrage.)Five Yorktorpedoes streakedtowardthe town. Ifshehadhadherfull speed she might have avoided them; if Engineer Delaney had not given her 21 knots, instead of the 15 he promised, they would all have hit her. As it

Page 34

was, two struck, one forward, one .amidships on theport side. The engines stopped, the ship took aheavy list. My God, shes going to capsize, :said a lieutenant on one of the escorting destroyers. Shewas notgoing tocapsize;but ,she rolled out black smoke and Captain Buckmaster sadly gave the order t o abandon ship as men foughttheir way up through dark compartments t o :slide down ropes and for nets the waitingdestroyersto pick them up. She was not going to capsize, though her deck lay a t so sharp an angle that her planes could not land, and one of them, coming in on the Hornet, caused thatshipher only casualties of the battle.(Hewas afighter pilot, badly wounded, andhe lurched against the firing button of his .50, unconscious as his injured plane crumpled at contact with the deck, and sent off slugs that cut -down eight men.) The day of battle was over. On the Y o r k t o w n , black and monstrous in the twilight, damage-control parties were pumping and shoring to bring the ship to an even keel. Afew officers were drinking coffee in the wardroom of the Hornet, their faces drawn, their conversation the disjointed sentences of men half dead withfatigueasthey discussed the Headquarters announcement that had come through the loudspeaker t o quiet rumor:four enemy aircraft carriers attacked and severely our losses in planes damaged one of our carriers wereheavy out of action. The depression of weariness had followed the fury. We sent off fifty-three dive bombers and only got five back. Iftheiradmiral has any sense hell sendthose battle ships in on us tonight. Has anybody heard? Whats left a t theIsland? Army was Back at Honolulu the to preparingthebroadcastthatwas cause so much trouble through the impression of the uniformed that it was claiming all the credit for the victory. At Honolulu Admiral Nimitz, and out a t Midway CaptainSimard,were trying t o reconcile the reports of men who had seen the enemy only during the few seconds while they were flashing past at 300 miles an hour under intense attack. More reports kept, coming in; PBYs were all out over the ocean thatnightand more were going out, some getting hit and coming down inthewater, some coming down without being hit, t o conserve their last precious fuel by taxiing in. At Midway the oil fire still burnedtheFlyingFortresseshad used it as a beacon-and everyone was working like mad a t the tasks of repair, pausing now and then to snatch something to eat from the kettles that boiled in the open. Before that attack the contractors were just contractors, but after it they just couldnt do enough, said one of the marines who saw them. What was left o f Marine Bombing 241

... ...

had had its planes fixed up and would go out presentlyunderMajorNorris worldless for a nightattackinthat black, each plane steering on the faint blue exhaustflare of the one ahead, and Major Norris would not come back. It was a twilight of tension and doubt, through which no one a t Midway o r Honolulu o r in the fleet realized what a state of material and moral disintegration the Japanese were in after having suffered a defeat beyond palliation. Our fleet steamed steadily east and away from an enemy who might be coming back for a surface attack by night, when our aerial mastery would be void. No one knewno could one know then-that under this same twlight Lieutenant Commander William H. Brockmans submarine, which had all day been driven down by repeated depth-charge attacks, had at last found the Japs disto organized enough to permit her close in on one of the smoke clouds it that lay close t o the water. Under was the badly damaged Soryu, the Blue Dragon, still burning but moving slowly, shepherded by two big flotilla leaders. The submarine fired two torpedoes; the Blue Dragon vomited flame and capsized into it. Ensign Gay could not communicate withthehigh command to tell how, as heclung tohis cushion, Japanese planes droned through the evening sky, far and near, -seeking hopelessly for a place toland. Off at thelimit of his vision a cruiser pulled alongside the burning K a g a and fired salvos into hertillthe derelict sank; farther on the horizon he saw the A k a g i tip up her bows and dive. I t was growing dark; patches of glare appeared on the clouds where the Japs were using searchlights. One of them was red andunsteady,perhapsthe glow of a burning ship. Ensign Gay inflated his life raft, climbed in, in and a matter-of-fact manner began to patch the holes.
Jap Sub Attacks Midway

Toward morning-the morning of 5 June-a Japanese submarine, which apparentlyhad not received the bad news, surfaced near Midway and played sand castles on the island with afew shells. Shore batteries fired at the flash and chivvied her away just before the dawn patrols went out. The weather front was now edging southward and close to water, the with squalls and rough sea under the it, worst of flying conditions, but the reports that came in were more encouraging than anyone had dared hope. Nowhere near Midway was there any sign of Japaneseships afloat, only a great amount of debris, oil slicks and black Japanese life rafts, always empty. A few American life rafts, tenanted, to which destroyers and PBYs were directed, No sign o f any

Jap carriers o r aircraft of whatever species; and when contact was finally made withtheirstriking force off t o the northwest it was seen to be hurrying home at the best speed of which its cripples were capable, already f a r distant. The Japanese occupation force, presumably held back by the slower transports, were still clear of the weather front and now nearest of all the enemy. Some fliers thoughtthey recognized, among its escort, vessels that had been with the H i r y u the night before, which couldbe true if they had not drawn in as rear guard after leaving the place where that last carrier sank during the night. Admiral Spruance turnedhiscarriergroupround and swung full speed into the pursuit despite his loss in planes, the Hornets bombers from Midway joining a t sea. But they had achaseahead of them before they could reach striking range again. The Army Flying Fortresses, however, had range enough; and Lieutenant Colonel Brook Allen, who had been a member of the Pearl Harbor investigating committee, took them out again, while the indefatigable marines of Midway boiled out also, two formations of six dive bombers each. The target of the latter was a cruiser and battleship, somewhat separated from the other Japanese about 140 miles west of Midway. This wouldbe .some more of the Hiryus escort;slanting down southwestward across the front of action they would just about reach that spot by 0800 on 5 June, the hour when the marines hit them. . The Japs put up no fighter defense but there heavy accurate was and anti-aircraft fire and 12 planes were not enough to saturate itto ineffectiveness. Captain Richard Flemings plane was hit-the squadron leader; theothers saw it begin to burn,not too late for Fleming to jump, but he chose rather t o hold to his dive and plant a beautiful direct hit on the cruiser before he plunged into the sea. The others all missed the dodging ship, but some by so narrow a margin that she counts asat least a badly damaged ship, her seams opened. An hour or two later Lt. Col. Allens FlyingFortresses came in on the same group, now augmented by havingfallen in with another contingent. It was duck soup that day; said the Army pilots with relish. They didnt have any more fighters. Thecruiserthat Capt. Fleminghad hit was recognizably in trouble. Of course theArmy men pickedon that cripple, giving her adirect hit amidships another under and right the stern that left her with a heavy list, spinning circles like ateetotum. That was the last anybody saw of that ship, and maybe she went down; but no claims are made, norarethereany

(Colztinued

OB

Page 47)

Page 35

LETTERS
EDITOR
This magazim published f o r the informationand interest of the Naaai m&CdiiO7ts fPOm d t h h the I \ r f d is Service as a whole, but opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the S&U~CL. OB m m e ~ 5gf g e p m t Iwte+est. ~ Navy Department. Reference to regulations, orders and directkw i s f o p H O W & W Pk is rtdt ilttended to conflict in any way with NauyRegulations reinformation only and does not by publicatiom herein comstibuk +ttltbo&y garding the fo9warding o f . official mail f o r action. Articles of general interest m y be forwarded to the Editor. DECEMBER 1943
rki~ C&MM k
bo
U B O ~ ~ Oow cA ~

TO THE

NAVPERS-0

&UMBER 321

This Christmas looks like pretty slim pickings for thhe prince Of Peace. And that (good will toward men idea would seem to be getting a pushing around, too. That green stuff theyre wearing in their hats in the Solomons isnt holly. And the snow is white in the mountain passes of Italy, but those arent snowballs the boys are tossing around. The music in the south Pacific this Christmas comes from a bugle-sounding General Quarters. Offhand, youd think war and good will toward men wouldnt mix. But its that good will toward men were fighting for, even if we are having to get it the hard way. Its peace we want, too, but we know now that to get the kind of peace that wont explode into shrapnel again weve got to fight. That makes it a little mixed up on the basis of the ideas we had beforethistrouble started. A little mixed up, but not entirely. w e know, and the people were fighting for all over the world know, that we are fighting for something we happen to believe in even if a lot o f people have overused the words-peace, brotherhood of man, democracy. And we know that when we win, therell be plenty of Christmas, and plenty of good will, for everybody. That kind of a Christmas-for everybody-is one of the things were shooting the works for. Until we get it, therell be no laying that pistol down, babe. But when it .does come, because of what were doing now, wellbe able to say MerryChristmasagainand know its reallytrue. Its i that, faith well n celebrate our Christmas this year.

Pistol-Packin Christmas

through channels, nor is it to substitute for the policy of obtaining information from the local commanding officerin all pes&& iw~acss; An8.wet-s , t o e0w.e!pon$g*t$ ;td$ress& ta t h E&s+ ~ ; i l .be l throagh this column only.

You mentioned that Elizabeth Korensky, S ~ Cwho was killed in the ex, plosion at NAS,Norfolk, 17 September, the was first Womens Reserve member to die in the line of duty (INFORMATION BULLETIN, October 1948, p. 41). It is believed that Evelyn Crutchfield, S K ~ Cwho ~ & t la d d e n , tally liill?d . 1 duly at Nctval Air Tech&ctf Training Center, Memphis, Tenn,. wasthe first.-F. R. C., Lieut. (SC) USNR.
Answer: Evelyn Inez Crutchfield, although technically killed in the line of duty, was not performingrequired dutieswhen accidentally shot. Therefore she is not considered to be the f i r s t member o f the Womens Reserve to die in the actual line of duty. Eliaabeth Korenrsky wa8 the fivet.

To THE EDITOR:

T Tffl o

EDITOR:

Rear Admiral Thomas Leigh Gatoh: Therecan be no quick end t o this war. If we are not to prove traitors to oursonsandgrandsonsand leave them this sorry business every generation from now until our country dinally falls,then we American people must unalterably resolve that this war will go on until Japan is destroyed.

Quotes of the Month

* * *

Tojo: The present situation is very complicated.

* * *

and Ribbons NOW Designated for Naval Personnel, Revised, June 1942. During World War I the Distinguished Service Medal outranked Navy the Cross. It would appear to that reverse the seniority of these two medals would, in effect, detract from the distinction formerly accorded the Distinguished Service Medal andsetup an A. F, Lt. . incongruous situation.-D. Comdr., USN.
Answer: Public Law 702, approved 7 August 1942 by Congress, gave the Navu Cross precedence over the DSM, in addition to establishing precedence of Some other medals and decorations.
T O THE EDITOR:

It k believed the6 I B&OIW MW hag hem made in g i ~ h gtho NAVY Cross grecedentncle over the bistin@.&he$ Service Medal in Surnmaiy bf Regulations GoV~%r~in$ fssuanee the and Wearing of Decoradotis, Medals

2 3 4 9 IO I t 1 1 18 6 7 23 24 25
30 31

5 6 7 12 3 1 4 19 20 21 26 27 28

22 29

8 15

Capt. Clark Gable, USAAF: The difference between movie battlesand therealthing? Well, you dont care what you look like during real the thing.

* * *

Hitler: I know I demand theapparent impossible from the battlefront but this almost impossible must force a decision in our favor. Everything is possible, but that I should lose my nerve is impossible. The fight for Germany has made me what I am.
[Munich beer-hall address.]

As a veteran of many shore patrol assignments-I shipped for thefirst time in 1912-1 dont agree with the answer t o Your Naval I. Q. question 15 (INFORMATION BULLETIN, October 1943, p. 71) [about theresponsibility for suppressing a disturbance]. The

(olztinued o Page 6 2 ) m

S. forces invade Choiseul and Solomons. 2, & 29 OCt,="OSCOW I conferenceends withagreement R%%@lrig8., Britain,Russiaand China on war-and-

1
'

10. On 5 Nov.-Allied strategists conclude five-day conference in Chungking. 1 . On 6 Nov.-Red Army retakes Kiev, in German hands 1 sinceSeptember 1941, and pushes on toward Poland. pes@ ceopsratim, 12. On 9 Nov.-U. Britain S. and announce 60 U-boats 2, On 1 Nov,-"Red Army seals off Germans in Crimea. sunk three in months, 150 in six-month period. 4, On 1 Novi-U. 8. Marines invade Bougainville. 13. On 13-20 Nov.-U. S. Army bombers raid J a p bases 5. On 1-2 Nov-tf. 8. warshipssinkJapcruiser and four Marshalls in and Gilbert islands, marinesandArmy deetrayers attempting to block Bougainville invasion. troops land on Makin and Tarawa atolls under Navy 6. On 1 and 1 Nov.-Tf, S. Navy 1 carrier planes join cover of warships carrier and planes. . 14. On 17 Nov.-Germans capture Leros island. Army bombers in attacks on J a p shipping a t Rabaul. 15. On 18 Nov.-Thousand RAF heavy bombers rain 350 7. On 2 Nov.-15th U. S. Army Air Force set up, Algiers. 8. On 8 Nov.-Fous hundred Flvinp. Fortresses and two-ton bombs on Berlin. after falling back slowly under 16.On 20 Nov.-Germans, Liberators attack Wilhelmshaven'In &e of the month's heaviest raids, steady pressure from U. S. and British armies, dig in 9. On 3 and 17 Nov.-U. S. warships shell Buka. along new "winter defense lines" below Rome.

I On 28 and 29 0ct.-U. .
Treasury Islandsin

u,

T HE M O NT H'S NEW S
(Period of 21 Octo&er Through 20 Nouember)
on schedule. And intheCentralPacific a powerful new thrustintothe For the first time the in four-year enemy's ring of island outposts got history of the war, the arrival of win- underway with the landing of U. S. ter Proved a hindrance rather than a marines Army and troops in the Gilrelief tothe Allied forcesinEurope berts. and Russia. Winter s h ~ both d the By mid-November t h e c o m p l e t e American and British drives toward evacuation of the Japanese in the northern Italy and Was a handicap to Northern Solomons appeared only a bombing missions Over Germanyand matter of time.Buin andtheShortthe occupied countries. lands were outflanked. Choiseul was In the Southwest Pacific, however, occupied. The marines the and Army the Allied offensive swept northward were firmly established on Bougain-

Japs Hemmed. Rabaul; at Winter s l o w s ItalyDrive; 3 Powers in Agreement

ville and moving toward Rabaul, which wasundergoing an incessant air and sea pounding. Step by step General MacArthur and Admiral Halsey pushed northward. 28 On October paratroops landed on Choiseul and the island was taken. A day later Mono and Stirling islands in Treasury the group were occupied. On 1 November the marines were landed a t Empress Augusta bay, Bougainville, and nine days later Army reinforcements joined them.

Page 3'7

These forces were only 260 niiles from Rabaul. Naval victories in this were area consistent with the land actions. During the operations Japan was reported to have suffered one of her worst seaborne defeats when a taskforce routed Japattacking ships. One Jap cruiser, four destroyers and seventeen planes were downed in this brief yet 1 battle. On 1 November planesfrom Admiral Halseys carriers from and land smashed bases a t Rabaul and sank a cruiser and two destroyers, damage plus 88 planes. Only light was sustained by the Allies in both these actions. Admiral Nimitzs intimation of an offensive in Central the Pacific was followed a t mid-November by a week of air smashes a t airfields andother targets in the Marshall Gilbert and islands. Here and elsewhere the Navy was asking the Jap fleet to come out and fight. On 20 November thefirst landings were made on Makin and Tarawa atolls. Russia celebrated its most sweeping victories in recent months. The Red Army recaptured Kiev, in German hands since 1941, trappedhuge Nazi forces in the Crimea andthreatened an entire Nazi army in a slashing, encircling drive in the Dnieper Bend. Here, even the official German reports at home indicated thatthesituation was grave. Kiev, gutted and fired, fell on 6 November. To thesouththe Reds had cut off an estimated 1,000,000 Nazis by forcingshutthe door tothe Crimea trap. The Nazis had hurriedly moved their Russian headquarters southward to Odessa. All these advances and victories came as a fitting climax to the three-power conference in Moscow.

CASUALTY FIGURES
Casualties among naval personnel through 20 November totalled 31,602. The totals since 7 December 1941:
U. S. Navy. .. . . . ..... U. S. Marine Corps. ... U. S. Guard Coast

12,810 31,602 5.621 8,943 4,228 Total .. . . . . .. * A number of personnel now carried in missing status undoubtedly are prisoners not of war officially reported as such.

. . .. .

10,386 2,966 8.261 2,279 23.892 2,108 2.5i8 316

Dead

Wounded Prisoners* Missing

7,275 1,948 77 641 41

Total
1
435

This conference between Secretary Hull, SecretaryEdenand Commissar Molotov was completed 29 October and immediately hailed by President Roosevelt a happy ship conference. Although the details of the conference are necessarily a secret, the Senate lost little time in passing a resolution supporting the decisions by an overwhelming majority. The future of American- BritishRussian - Chinese r u n d e s t a n d i n g and collaboration seemed assured. In the Italy novel phrase Nazi winter defenseline appearedinthe dispatches and the German forces, now completely on the defensive, fell back tothe Garigliano andSangro rivers. At no point werethe American and British armies more than 105 miles from Rome andin some places they were as near as 75 miles. But mud, rain and cold had slowed down the Allied advances in mountainous, difficult terrain. Reports had ten more German divisions reinforcing the Nazi defenses. Americans The and British pushed over the Volturno, soon captured Montefalcone and Molise in the central sector. The Nazis were systematically destroying the ports of Leghorn and Pescara. Captured documents indicated thatthey would attheir Gariglianotempt t o hold to Sangro line for at leasteight weeks.

The pounding by air of military targets in Germany and Europe continued unabated. On 3 November the biggest. American air force ever assembled for a daylight again raid blasted Wilhelmshaven. On 18 November almost 1,000 RAF and American bombers struck simultaneously a t Berlin and Ludwigshafen, 2,500 tons of dropping a total of bombs-a new record over Germany. Allied losses against meager opposition were 32 planes, described as very lightinratio to the number taking part. Destruction of German military centers and theincessantattacksfrom the air brought several housing crises of Germany. The in various parts Nazis were stripping Danish homes and furnish farms to homes for bombed-out German families. Also, theywerecastingdesperatelyabout atfor some weapon againsttheair tacks. Newest experiments these along lines were the rocket guns and silver fire introduced by fighter planes. The rockets, Nazis hope, will enable o f range of their fighters to stay out our huge bombers and directproa jectile of sufficient explosive power to down the heavily armoredFortresses and Liberators.

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

THIS I S rrJIMMY (also called Geeheebee, lahemy and Jeramy), the invention of Capt. Byron McCandless, USN (Ret.), San Diego Destroyer Base commander. rJimmy literally straddles barges and other small craft, lifts them, and either refloats them for further use or carries them in suspension to, repairfacilities. The rescue device got its first Page 38

real test under actual battle conditions at Massacre Bay, Aleutians, where it saved a lot of boats. Pushed into surf or sand by a tractor, the device wont stick there; it is easily stowed on ships deck and can be floated ashore by lashing drums oil t o the top. Other uses: moving landing craft around i n storage places and ferrying them across shallow waters,

be placed on display in cities throughout the United States. The War Department announced 10 November that it is turning all antisubmarine operationsover to theNavy. The Armys antisubmarine command has used land-based planesoperating from four continents in sub searching since October 1942. An exchange of aircraft between the Army and the Navy will be effected. SecNav Frank Knox last month established a Navy Manpower Survey Board to examine the officer, enlisted and civilian complements of all Navy U. S. to shoreestablishmentsinthe determine whether they are over o r undermanned and whether their manpower is being used efficiently. Although the primary purpose of the board will be to reduce the numestablishber o f personnel in shore ments, certain complements may be increased should the boards investigation prove such a step necessary to afford adequate support the to forces afloat. Board chairmanRear is Admiral Adolphus Andrews, USN (Ret.),until recently Commander, Eastern Sea Frontier.

spair. Yigoslavia armies In the of GeneralsTitoand Mikhailovitch continuedto dive& several badly needed divisions. Good news was so scarce that Hitler himself announced the Nazi capture of Leros island, stepping stone on the invasion route t o the Balkans, which fell 17 November after a five-day battle. An indication uf conditions last month could be drawnfrom speeches - President made by four leaders Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, PremierStalinandHitler. The President said that our military power is becoming predominant. Churchill predicted that 1944 will bring the climax of the European war. Stalin hailed the increased fraternity of the Allies. Hitler, on theotherhand, devoted a long anniversary speech largelyto warnings against despair and cowardice.

processrecently developed withinthe BULLETIN, July Navy (INFORMATION 1943, p. 1 4 ; August 1943, p. 25, and September 1943, p. 3 0 ) . The kit culminates more than a years experimentation t o perfect a method which would effectively remove deadlysaltsfrom sea water, be compact enough to stow in one-man rafts or parachute packs and be so simple in operation that a weakened or wounded man could provide himself with drinking water without debilitating effort. Theequipment consists of a plastic bag with drinking tube and neck cord, and 14 desaltingbriquets, enough to convert 14 pints of sea water.

Former marine paratrooper, Earl Jacobs, whose life was saved by seven blood transfusions after he lost an arm at Guadalcanal, reportedto.the Red Cross blood bank in Hollywood a s a donor. Jacobs said he planned to give back as much blood as he received, and, if possible, more.

Navy News
The first American flag t o fly over Guadalcanal, after the marines landed inAugust 1942, was raised over the Capitol Building a t Washington 10 November as the MarineCorps celebrated its 168th anniversary. Unfurled over the Capitol a t theinvitation of congressional naval committees, Old Glory flew for theremainder of the day as a tribute to the marines. It will

A new compact chemical kit weighing less than four pounds with which sea water can be made safe to drink in 20 minutes is being tested extensively by BuAer andtheArmyAir Forces. Developed by an American chemical company in conjunction with the Naval More than 11,000 women, including Medical Research Institute, the new is said to work officer and enlisted personnel, were desalination outfit members of the Marine Corps Womens much faster than a somewhat similar

The giant 70-ton flying boat, Mars, was accepted by the Navy as a flying Liberty ship on 2 November after the Martin aircraft experts successfully put it through Navy all tests. The hugeplane,biggestyet, can carry a load-in excess of 15 tons, fly nonstop, non-refueling for 32 hours and 17 minutes, carry a crew of 22. It was put into an almost vertical power dive and its wings withstood a pressure of 210 tons.

PORTENT of thingsto come: Britains 23,000-ton Victorious (show# at anchor at a South Pacific base with U . S. Navyfighter planes and torpedo bombers lining her deck) has spent several months operating against the Japanese with a U . S . Navy task force in exchange with an Americangroup. Reported the British Information Service: No difculty in operation was encountered by either squad-

Official U. s. Navy Photograph. ro# because of thesimilarity betweelz British and American aircraft landing signaling systems and methods of fighter corztrol. Invaluable tactical experience was gained in the course o f these operations which will be put in effect as Britain mobilizes her naval power alongside the United States, Australia and N e w Zealand f o r full-scale action in the Pacific war against Japan.

Page 39

Reserve on 1 November 1943, Lt. Col. Ruth Cheney Streeter, director, announced. The totalfalls less than a thousandshort of thegoal of 12,000 1 January 1944. Approxiset for mately 8,500 already are on active is duty. The present authorization 19,000 by 1 July 1944. The former presidential yacht Mayflower has been refitted, regunned, manned by a Coast Guard crew and commissioned as a cutter. The ship, first commissioned in 1898, took part in the blockade of Havana and in eight separate engagements in the SpanishAmerican War,andwas detailed to special dutyintheFifthNaval District during World War I. She served five presidents after she was commissioned officially as presidential the yachtin 1902. First tests were completed recently for the Navys new M-1 blimp, largest non-rigid airship ever built (half again as large as the K-type airships currently used by the Navy for coastal patrol). A distinctive feature of the blimp is the car, which is nearly three times as long as the car of the K ship and comprises three connecting units, integrated by universal joints to allow freedom of motion in coordination with the flexible envelope above.

Ofiicial

IT.

8. h-av- P l ~ o t o p t ~ : r ~ l ~

-A
Little Griff, the four-months-old canine mascot of a Marine Corps divebombing squadron stationed on Guadalcanal, is the islands championfoxhole sprinter when the air raid alarm sounds. But Little Griff got mixed up recently (through no fault of his own) andhis confusion resultedin a new speed record: The pup beat everyone to the foxhole as usualbut barracks the with returned t o the pilotsbefore the all clear sounded. When thesiren did wailall clear, Little Griff tore down the hill t o the foxhole again. Then Japs the came over a second time. Little Griff heard the siren wail and raced happily back towardthebarracks.Thefirst bomb struckas hereached thetop of the hill. He set the new speed record getting back into the foxhole. A new record was set last month in destroyer escort construction when the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard,,Hingham, Mass., completed the HMS Reynolds 25 days after the keel was laid. Another record had been set in October when the RepoMs was launched less than 120 hours after her keel was laid. War Bond report from three ships serving in combat areas: The USS Oceanographer, a survey has ship, 100% participationthe in program, ship, andthe uss Tryon, a hospital has 97% of her complement enrolled in allotment the program. Average

BOMBED AT SALERNO: A crewman aims a stream o f water down the still-smoking hole made by a bomb that hit on top of a turret o f the USS Savannah off Salerno. Despite the damage and some casualtiesnote wounded receiving first-aid treatment on deck-the light cruiser continued t o operate effectively against the enemy and, with the cruisers USS Boise and USS Philadelphia and other units, helped to cover the lalzding of troops on ltalian soil.
eratedareasduringthecritical time before !.hey can get back into production their for own needs. . The scarcity of tires and other rubber articles will b&with us for a long time, officials warned the public last month. The dimout in New York and other coastal cities of America ended 1 November. A brownout wasthe sublatter stitute. This experiment is exThe ~~~~l canadian N~~~ last pected to relieve the murk but at the same time keep white lighting t o a month announced discovery of a formula for seasickness. ~h~ minimum of power consumption. Disreturned in formula will remain a secret until play electric advertising subdued form. it is apink afterthewar.Inform, The Office of WarInformationrecapsule, which is a preventative as well as a cure. Seasickness, accord- vealed that overwhelming quantities of American gasoline made Possible ing to research doctors, resultsfrom a disturbance of the balance mechan- the defeat of Rommel in North Africa. (aviism of the inner earl The Royal N~~~ Production of high-octane fuel now fourtimeshigher scientists ridiculed all former (cures ationgas)is than in 1942and preventatives exhaustive after On Saturday, 30 October, Notre tests. Dames greatpassing backfield star, Angelo Bertelli, threw three touchThe Home Front down passes and scored a fourth touchdown himself to beat Navy, 33-6. Sitting at a U-shaped table before On Sunday, 31 October, Bertelli extheir masse$ national colors, repre- changed his football uniform for a sentatives of 44 nations opened theMarine Corps uniform was and off to policy-forming council of the United Parris island for training. A new tax bill before the House Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration at Atlantic City 10 NF- Ways and Means Committee would vember. Spokesmen said the UNRRAs raise postage for out-of-town domestic primary job would be t o tide over lib- letters to four cents. allotment aboard these vessels exceeds $21 per month. More than 90% serving the in destroyer, USS Buchanan are buying bonds at the rateof $90,000 annually, representing 19% of the monthly payroll. (Men of the Buchanan also subscribed 100% t o the American Red Cross and purchased more than $2,000 000 of National Service Life Insurance.)

-A

72

Page 40

T HE WAR AT S EA
Oficial Reports:

21 October Through

20 November

Navy Department Communigues and Pertinent Excerpts of Other Reports

o f other communiques.)

(NavyDepartmentcommuniquesareindicatedbynumber

and separatedbydashesfromtheexcerpts

22 OCTOBER
Allied Headquarters in t7~e Southwest Pacific (Northeastern Sector) : In New bombers attacked Ireland our medium and damaged a lieht cruiser East off Cape Reconnaissanceunitsdestroyed or damaged 11 bargesalongtheBorgen New Britain, Solomons: Our bay shore. SouthPaciflcForcesstrafedand bombed Kalaska village, Choiseul.

...

23 OCTOBER
Allied Headquarters in the Southwest Pacific(NewIreland): Our medium units attacked and sank a lightenemycruiser off East Cape.One of our planes is missing. Algiers, Navy conamu~ique: U. S. P T boats intercepted a northboundconvcyin A lighter was hit by a the Leghorn area. torpedo and a tanker way also have been hit. The retaliatory fife of theR-boatescorts was inaccurate and eyentually these PT boats also escorts engaged each other. torpedoed a lighter in a southboundconvoy. Japanese rebroadcast frona Berlin: The Japanese Army is continuing its attack on Finschhafen. At sea, 4 cruisers, 2 destrayers, 1 8 transports and numerous landing craft were sunk by our planes.

pilation for the 1 5 days following I1 October shows that MacArthur forces de& nitely sank a total of 1 2 2 barges, 4 6 cargo vessels and 35 coastal vessels. The Japs are relying more and more o n these small vessels as their only means of transport and supply.-ED.) Off New Ireland, our heavy units scored a directhit on a destroyer,leavingit in flames at Ubiji. Our long-rangebombers sank a coastalvesselinthevicinity At island, Green Solomons, our reconnaissance .attacked small units three cargoships,leavingtwoinfiames and a third beached.

...

29 OCTOBER

Navy Department Communique No. 478.

Pacific and Far East
1. U. S. submarines have reported the sinking of ten enemy vessels the and damaging of four others in operations against enemy the in waters, these as follows : Sunk: One large freighter, one large tnnkor. one lareetransoort. Ave medium IZghteri~-onesmallfriightcr. Damaged: One large freighter, two medium freighters, one small freighter. 2. These actions not have been announced in any previous Navy Department communique.

stroyer in Planet harbor, Vitu islands, with 1.000-pound bombs. Two direct hits and a near miss probably sank one destroyer and damaged the other. Finschhafen area: Our light naval craft on night patrol sank a large enemy barge andescortingvessel off BlucherPoint. Bougaineille: Our fighters carried out a surprise strafing raid a t Tonolei harbor. Buin, in the late afternoon, destroying four small troop-laden vessels and four barges, and damaging many other craft. Nazi broadcast frona Berlin: In the battle against Russian ships, the German Navyan6Luftwaffesank one cruiser, 11 destroyers, monitors four three and Eboats. Five cruisers, seven destroyers, and numerous units other were so damaged that part of them can be assumed a complete loss In the battle against British and North American shipping, the German Navy sank 52 merchant vessels in October. Another 1 8 shipswere so badlydamaged thatthesinking of most of themcanbe 27 ships also were assumed. An additional damaged.

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2 NOVEMBER

24 OCTOBER

Navy Department Communique

1. The U. S. submarine Dorado is overdue and must be presumed to be lost. The next of kin of the personnel in the Dorado have been SO informed.
Algiers, United Nations Communique; A large German ship laden with ammunition was destroyed by PT boats of the U. S. Navy operating southeast of Elba. The vessel, escorted four by R-boats. disintegrated.

N - .o .

476. ,. - _

30 OCTOBER
South Pacific: A number of planesineffectivelydroppedbombson Guadalcanal duringthenight of 28 October.

Navy Department Communique No. 479.

Allied Headqnartersthe in Southwest Pacific (South Pacific Forces) : Exploitingtothefull our recentcomprehensive sweep at Rabaul, our right wing under AdmiralHalseywasthrownforwardapinto Bouproximately 200 miles Central gainville on themorning of 1 November. In a combined water ground air, and operation our forces occupied Empress .4ugusta bay on the west coast. The movement was unsuspected and there was little oppositian. W e a r e now in the rear of the enemysposition at Buin and athwart his supply lines.

31 OCTOBER
Allied Headquarters in the Southwest Pacific (NewBritain) : Our attack planes a coastal destroyed five enemybargesin sweep to Cape Deschamps. Hansa bay: Fighter patrols sank an enemy barge and damaged nine other harbor craft. Four bargesweredestroyed at Sio. Off the coast of Celebes, one of our heavy bombers sank a 4 000-ton transport before being itselfshotdownintothesea. A 1,000ton enemy cargo was ship damaged in W a r u bay. Bougainville: Reconnaissance units destroyed an enemy troop-laden coastal vessel at Greenislandandattacked a cargo At Choiseul, our ship off Numa Numa nightpatrolunitsstrafed 1 smallenemy 1 craft off the coast.

3 NOVEMBER
Allied Headquarters in the Southwest Pacific (SouthPacific Forces): Our naval and air forces effectively silenced all enemyairdromesinBougainvilleandthe Shortlands. AtBuka a successful bombardnaval ment started large airdrome fires visible for 50 miles. At two dawn successive naval air strikes started additional fires withplanesseenburning in thedispersal areas. Two of our planeswere lost. the night the enemy made a During sortie with his light naval forces down the west coast of Bougainville. Our covering naval forces intercepted the and enemy dispersed and withdrew. (The USA 14th Air Force operating f r o m ChungkingChina, also had a naval Victory to rep0r)t o n 86 October. An attack 0% a J a p fleet off the coast of China netted Brig. Gen. Claire L. Chennaults fighters a total of one 300-foot transport two 200-foot tankers, one BOO-footfreighter: o w I50-foot freighter, one 100-foot freighter and three Zeros.)

25 OCTOBER
Allied Headquarters in the Sonthwest Pacific (Northwestern Sector) : In New Britain, long-range bombers attacked and destroyed an enemy cargo vessel and Medium bombers bargein Open bay at 200 feet destroyed 20 enemy aircraft In and cargo two ships a t Wewak Mushu harbor, 1 6 bargesweredestroyed or damaged. fighters shot Three were down. Four of ourfightersaremissing.

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26 OCTOBER
Allied Headquarters in the Southwest Pacific: One of ourreconnaissanceunits scored direct hits on a n enemydestroyer, loss off leavingitinflamesandatotal Cape Orford. Our flghters also shot down a float plane destroyed and five coastal vessels At Greenwich island our longrange reconnaissance units attacked and damaged a cargo vessel of 2,500 tons. A lang-range reconnalssance from unit the South Paciflc attacked set and fire to a 1.500-ton cargo vessel. Cane At Gloucester, heavy our units attacked destroyer A medium unit andbargesinReinbay. bombed barges in the Vitu islands.

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1 NOVEMBER
Allied Headquarters in the Southwest Pacific (Northeastern Sector): At Gasmata our medium units strafed and damOur heavy aged numerous barges unitsattackedanenemycruiserand de-

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4 NOVEMBER

1 The U. S. submarine Runner is over. due and must be presumed to be lost. The next of kin of personnel of the Runner have been so notifled.

27 OCTOBER Navy Department Communique No. 477.

Navy Department Communique N o . 480.

Pacific and Far East
1. United States submarines rehave ported the sinking of ten enemy vessels andthedamaging of threeothers in operations in these waters, as follows: Sunk: One large tanker, one medium tanker, patrol four one craft, medium freighters, large one freighter, one small freighter,onecargotransport. D a m a g d : One medium tanker, one smallfrei;.;.trr.onelargefreighter. 2. These ac:::m. havebeen not announced in any i-7r.e :.Ius Navy Department communique.

28 OCTOBER
Allied Headquarters i n the Southwest Pacific: A night reconnaissance unit of our SouthPacificForces in the Solomolls scored a direct hit on a n enemy destroyer off Buka. (Japans strained Shipping a?zd supplv lirbes in the South Pacific still are the object o f Allied attacks which seek to Cripple conaeven the smallest floating target.A

South Pacific of 2 November the afternoon (east longitude date) a reconnaissance the command of plane operating under
3. On

Page 41

Admiral Halsey attacked and sank a 1,000ton enemy freighter 30 miles southwest Of Ocean island. plane damaged, The was apparently by antiaircraft fire, and a number of her personnel were wounded.

Allied Headquartersthe in Southwest Pacific(NewIreland): Our nightpatrols off Cape St. bombed a n enemy cruiser George. Rabaul : Anticipating a counter attack on our rightwing webombed the enemys naval concentration from the air. A desperate battle ensued. Our mediums at mastheadheight.Theharbor went in was sweptpracticallyclean,nearlyevery ship there hit or sunk. The following were sunk : Threedestroyers,eightlargemerchant ships and four coastal vessels. Dlrect hlts were scored on two heavy cruisers, one of which was listing. entire left The area was a scene of utter wreckage. We lost nine bombers and ten fighters.

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5 NOVEMBER
Allied Headquartersthe in Southwest Pacific(Solomons) : Additionaldetails of theenemyslightnavalsortie of 1-2 November reveal that a task force of 1 2 cruisersanddestroyersweremetby our Empress Augusta forces 40 miles from bay. Afteraa90-minuteactiontheenemy fled. Preliminary indicate reports one enemy cruiser four and destroyers sunk, two destroyers two and cruisers *hit. No Allied vessels were lost and no casualties suffered. Japanese rebroadcast from Berlin: During the night of 1 November there was a naval battle near Bougainville. The enemy lostthreecruisersand one destroyer. Units of the Japanese attacked Navy strong enemy convoys. Two largetransports one cruiser, one destroyer and numOff eroud landing were craft sunk. Mono, the Japanese force air sank one cruiser, one large transport and one small transport.

scoredonbothdestroyers. 25 barges strafed. were vessels,-acorvetteand destroyed off B u k a

two bargeswere

....

InChabai, Five cargo

11 NOVEMBER
Algiers, Navy communique: On the evening of 9 November British destroyers south of Valona sank a Seibel ferry ladeu withpetrolandammunition. Of threeescorting boats, only one escaped. Chungking, Lt. Gen. Joseph W. Stilwells headquarters : Sweeping over the Yangtzt our fighter-bombers sank three motor boats heavily laden supplies. with On another sweep theysank 15 sampansandbarges all laden with supplies.

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10 NOVEMBER Navy Department Communique N o . 481.

South Pacific 1. The U. S. destroyer Henley was sunk during October as the result of a torpedo

6 NOVEMBER
Allied Headqnartersthe in Southwest Pacific ( N e w r e l a n d ) : I Our heavy units attacked a six-shipconvoy and scoreddlA reconnaissance unit bombed rect hits. a largesouthboundconvoyandournight unitsattackedthreemerchant vessels. Cape Gloucester: Our heavy units sank a 1,000-ton cargoship. Rabaul: Heavy enemy reinforcements have been seen proceeding to Rabaul. A force of 1 9 ships, largelycruisersanddestroyers,wasseen coming from direction the of Truk. The enemy is endeavoring to retrieve the situation at Rabaul.

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explosion. The sinking took place the in early evening. next The of kin of the casualties aboard the Henley have been notified. 2. Duringnight the engagement off Vella Lavella 6 October the U. S. destroyer Chevalier was severely damaged the by enemy and collided with another destroyer in formation. the The Chevalier subsequently in and The broke sank. two next of kin of thecasualtiesaboardthe Chevalier have beennotified. 3. Because of the nature of the impendingactions at the time, the losses of the TJSS Henley and uss Chevalzer were not given earlier announcement.

12 NOVEMBER Navy Department Communique N o . 482

u s s B e a t t y wassunk 6 November 1 9 4 3 a s the result of enemyaircraft action. The next of kin of thecasualtiesaboardthe Beattv havebeen notified.

in the Mediterranean

1 Thedestroyer .

Mediterranean

8 NOVEMBER
Allied Headquartersthe in Southwest Pacific (Rabaul): Our torpedo bombers a attacked Sampson harbor scored and probablehit on a heavycruiser.Acargo vessel in Keravia was bay destroyed in a n explosion which started a fire visible 50 miles. Bougainville: Our medium units sweep destroyed or damon a low-level 1 2 barges. aged 3 coastalvesselsand Tenimber islands: Four coastal vesseis were sunk and two others badly damaged. NazibroadcastfromBerlin: TheGermanAirForcedealtanotherheavy blow toenemytroopandsupplytransportsin the Mediterranean. Low-level flights attacked a convoy of 2 2 fully laden troop transports accompanied by two destroyers. two deThirteen big transportsandthe stroyers were hit by numerous bombs and torpedoes. They left were in a sinking and burning condition. With these destroyed ships many thousands of American reseye troops went to the and British bottom of the sea. (PT boats of the Russian Navy, apparentlyadaptation PT an of boats, our scored notable successes in the Baltic sea during the month. I n one foray they saalc fiveGermantrawlers.ThecombinedBritish and Norwegian naval light forces cruised 5 0 0 miles f r o m thecoast of Scotland intercept to and enemv destroy merchant shappang off the Norwegian Coast-ED.)

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Atlantic 4. Thedestroyer uss Borie was lostin as the result of the Atlantic recently damage received herself by in ramming and sinking an enemy submarine. 5 . The Borie, while engaged patrol. in encountered a submarine which she sank with depth bombs. Encountering a second submarine a short time later the Borie, rammed and sank this enemy vesselalso. The force of the ramming, however, opened holesin the Bories hullbelow the water Borie managedtoreline. Although the join the task force to which she was assigned, extent the of herdamagewas so great it necessary her thatwas for personnel to abandon ship; after which the U. S. destroyer sunk bombs was by fromher own planes. 6. The next of kin of casualties aboard the Borie willbenotifiedbytelegram as soon as possible. (See story, page ED.) London, A.dnairalty Communique: His in the Majestys submarines operating Mediterranean and Aegean seas continye a toll of German shipping. In to take recent attacks have they sunk seven, probably three, damaged sunk and six otherships. Seven of HisMajestys sub: marines took part in these attacks. Cairo,MiddleEast AirForce: Despite continued bad weather, R A F fighter-bomhers and reconnaissance planes have carried outnumerousattacks on enemyshipping off Crete, Kos and Stampalia island. Japanese rebroadcast from Berlin: In thecourse of the second airbattleover Bougainville a n enemy battleship, previously damaged, sunk. was Three heavy cruisers and one lightcruiserwerebadly damaged. large One destroyer damwas aged. Three planes were shot down.Missing Japanese planes dive: with their bombloadsontothetargets.

Allied Headquarters in the Southwest Pacific Britain): (New At Rabaul our medium units scored a probable torpedo it on a n enemycruiserinKeravia bay. ew Ireland: One of our night reconnaissanceheavybomberssankanenemy destroyer with a 1.000-pound bomb. N e w Guinea: Our lightnavalcraftsankfour loaded enemy barges off Waringai and Java: destroyed another beached barge. dtrikingover 1,000 milesintotheNetherlands East Indies, heavy our units at nightandinadverseweatherdropped 22 tons of bombs on theenemynavalbase (at Surabaya). Berlin, Nazi broadcast: German bombers and torDedo Dlane forma.tionn late yesterday afternoon again attacked - I >i enemy supply convoy east, of Oran. Four fully laden frelghters totalmg 29,000 tons, as well as two destroyers, were sunk, while 11 freighters totaling 84.000 tons and one patrol craft were severely damaged.

13 NOVEMBER Navy Department Communique N o . 483

1 During night . the of-11 November about 1 2 Japaneseplanesdroppedbombs on Nanumea in the Ellice islands. ReDorts indicate one killed and two wounded. Minor ihaterial damage was sustained. One plane was shot downby antiaircraft Are.
~

South Pacific (All dates east lonziticde)

14 NOVEMBER

Navy Department Communique N o . 484

1. U. S. submarineshavereportedthe sinking of seven enemy vessels the and damaging of two in others operations against the enemy in waters of these areas. as follows : Sunk: One plane transport, one large freighter, medium one cargo

9 NOVEMBER
Allied Headquartersthe in Southwest Pacific (Solomon Islands): Medium units executed torpedo low-altitude and bombcruiser and two ingattacks on a heavy destroyers off the coast of Empress Augusta bay. Hits or n e a r misses were believed

Pacific and Far East

Page 42

WAKE I.

'*O.

B M E B Y U S ARMY O BO PLANES 15 NOV.

w r I & 11 as
(Colztinued from Page 23)
and cities throughout Vaterland the and slave its countries brought the Nazi war machine face to facewith an unexpectedcrisis.Untold damage has been done by American-British teamwork intheair. And the same teamalreadyprepares to work from new bases as, on all sides, the foe is pushedcloser and closer t o the walls of his home fortress. Between the Allies and victory, however, are large still and numerous obstacles. A recent U. S. Army report on German and Japanese military a timely antidote for strength is optimism. The Nazis, this report reveals, have 300 well trained divisions asagainst the 100 divisions theymaintained at thestart of thewar.The Luftwaffe is bigger than in 1939 despite staggering losses. The motorized divisions lost a t Stalingrad have been replaced. There are now 35,000,000 German war workers against an earlier 23,000,000. No serious break in German morale is apparent. On the other side of the world, the Japanese reportedly stillhave 2,000,000 men of military age not yet called t o service, with another 2,000,000in the 17-20 year age group not now eligible. And despite continuing J a p defeats and setbacks inthe air and at sea, their plane and ship production is on the upgrade. Despite this, Prime Minister Churchill last monthpredicted that the war in Europe will reach its climax in 1944. With European the foe vanquished, all Allied forces can be turned on Japan. President Roosevelt recentour militarymightis lystatedthat rapidly becoming predominant.Premier Stalin and Gen. Chiang, in Russia and China, are in accord with all Allied strategy and plans, he said. In 1918, an apparently strong German army collapsed between 8 August and 1 November. Whether 1 the collapse of the foe in this war will furnish one more comparable historical feature is still a very open question. And even after that, there will still be Japan.

15 NOVEMBER
Allied Headquarters i n the Southwest Pacific: Dutch New Guinea: In the Thenimber islands our medium and long-range fighters sank a 1000-ton enemy cargo vessel . . NewGdinea: Ourlightnaval off the coast of craft sank barges two Sio. Ourfighterpatrolsdestroyedanother barge Alexishafen-iMadang: Two hundredandtwenty-threetons of bombs were dropped on installations in this area. Three luggers flve and barges were destroyed in the attack.

16 NOVEMBER
Pearl Harbor, U. 8. Army communique: Liberators raided enemy installations on the Betio island, Tarawa atoll and Gilseverallarge Ares were bertislands . started on the runways, no aerial interception was encountered. Liberators also made further raids on Betio and Mille atoll,Marshallislands. No a i r opposition wasencounteredfromantiaircraft fire. Alexandria, Mialdle East comnaval munique: Allied navalforceshavemaintainedconstantAegeanpatrolsinrecent weeks, carrying out a number of successful attacks on enemy shipping and landing craft.

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3. No air interception was encountered in either instance. Antiaircraft fire mas intensive at Mille and weak at Makin and Jaluit. No damage suffered was by our planes or personnel.

17 NOVEMBER Pearl Harbor, Pacific Fleet Communique N o . 16

1 Lateafternoonraidsweremadeon . enemy positions on Jaluit and Mille atolls in the Marshall islands and on Makin island the in Gilberts on 1 5 November (west longitude date) bv Liberator ~.. homhers of t h e Army's SeveGth Air Force. 2. At Jaluit, many were fires started byourbombsinthehangars,shopsand dump areas at the seaplane bases on Of the flve Imieji Jabor and islands. ships anchored in the lagoon, one was left burning.Threeotherspossiblyweredamaged. Several resulted the fires from Mille attack but cloud conditions prevented accurate observance of damage at Makin.
~~

London, Admiralty: His Majesty's submarine Usurper is overdue must and be presumedtobelost. Berlin Special broadcast from Hitler's headquahers: "Afterfourdays of heavy fighting our troops have taken the Brltlsh naval base of Leros. of the Formations Navy and Air Force engaged in the action, inflicting heavy losses on enemy naval andair forces. Two hundred British offlcers and 3,000 men led by General Tilney and 350 officers and 5 000 men of the to our Badoglio Italian forces surrendered brave landing troops."

18 NOVEMBER
New Delhi Headquartem o f Lt. Gen Joseph W . S'tilwell: Since 2 6 October American trained equipped and Chines; troops, in advance of units building a supply road, have penetrated 3 0 miles further has been driven into Burma. enemy The of the Tarung from his positions north and Chindwinrivers.Allphases of these operationshave been supported by units of the Tenth U. S. Army Air Force.

" " "

19 NOVEMBER

IF WE HAD OUR OWN WAY ABOUT USING DISPATCH N PHRASES I SPEEDLETTERS:

WHADURDES Whatin hell does your dispatch of (date)mean? URDESBUL Your dispatch of (date) so much bull and I will ignore same. DABUPERS Damn Bureau the of Naval Personnel !! ! (DABUSHIPS, DABUORD, DABUAER, etc.) DONLIM Don't lie to me, young man! ! ! DONFLYHAN Don't fly off the handle-I'll expedite it. FURYU Furiously yours, I remain, METOC Meet me at the Officers' Club and we will discuss your problems comfortably at (time). RELSAW W h e n relieved, say "hello" to the gals in Frisco for me. DIHEARJONES Did you ever hear story the about Paul John Jones??? INEVORGSOB In every organization there's always some dumb etc., etc. DONDODODOSAY Don't do a s I do,do as I say. FUBINAL If you had been in the Aleutians as long as I have, etc.

Allied Headquarters %n tne southwest I'It.-cLILLIII Pacific: DutchNewGuinea:OurL - . J" units at nightstrafed ~ L L U ~ t . ~ ~ o y e d two parges o f f Kipja andstrafed and wrecked Teninabar two coastal vessels o n n-h, islands: Medium-.bombers abu "na-ranee -A. ., fighters scored direct lllla "1, a corvetite and a cargo vessel. The cargo vessel sank . Gasand, the_ corvette beached. was naara: 'rwocoastalvesselsanasnoreinstallations were damaged bx ,o$r medium fighters. B o u g u ! v i lI,^.- . X L nuka. ' our ljght n ? d . forces bombarded airthe Kleta. IOLtr barges and a coastal arome. AT. vesselweredestroyed.
--,3i---" 2
YVYI.

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20 NOVEMBER

. Navy Department Communique No. 485

Southwest Pacific (All dates east longitude) 1. Thesmall vessel reported lost in the communique of 18 November 1943 while attached to Allied Headquarters in the SouthwestPacificwasthe uSS McKeaw, a clestroyer-transport. This vessel sank 17 November as a result of attack by aircraft off Bougainville. 2. The next of kin of casualties aboard the McKean will be notified as soon as possible.
Allied Headquarters the in Southwest Pacific: Solomon islands: Our medium units over Kieta strafed and bombed shore Empress Augusta bay: installations. Enemy torpedo planes attempted to attack our shippi.ng butcausednodamage.Sixteen of these enemv Dlanes were reported

II Which Travels Fastest? II

1
I
'

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(Gen. H. H. Arnold, commander of the Army Air Forces, complimented the Navv a f t e r the 5 November air raid on Rabaul harbor. Gen. Arnoldsaidtheresultswere for dama world record for hits and also a g e per bomb-ED.)

Threesailors stood on the deck of a battleship. Some distanceaway another vessel fired a gun. The first sailorsawthe smoke fromthegun, the second saw the shell strike the water nearby, and the third heard the report. Which one first knew of the shot? (For answer see page 62.)

Page 43

Survivors
(Colztilzued from. Page 30)
the details reported t o SecNav, in accordance with Article 908, Navy Regulations. Where radio security permits, these reports are generally made by classified dispatch; in other cases, by the fastest available transportation. Until they are received, and the original muster and sailing list crosschecked at BuPers so that next of kin can be notified, announcement of a ships loss can lead only to confusion, worry and grief among relatives of all of men aboard. Although the task assembling the casualty report may be passed on to a subordinate officer, seeing thatit is done promptly and completely is the responsibility of the senior survivor. To begin with, the commanding officer must report casualties specifically under one of the following heads : (a) dead, (b) killed in action, (c) killed (no enemy action) , (d) wounded in action [to such a degree as to require hospitalization] (e) injured (no enemy ac) tion) 1) (f) missing in action, o r (g) missing (no enemy action) . Such phrases as lost,perished o r missing and presumed dead should never be used. First notification to the Bureau must include full name, rank or rating, file o r service number and, in the case of deceased o r missing personnel, the date of death o r beginning of missing status. Unless evidence o r testimony of death is conclusive, such persons must be reported in missing status. In all cases of death o r of accident involving any person in the naval service, it is the duty of the commanding officer t o notifynext of kin, by personal letter, acquainting them with all the known and pertinent circumstances. Such letters,from commanding officers outside thelimits of the continental United States, should be routed throughBuPers,as described below, and there are a couple of points to be observed. Serious consequences result wheneveracommandingofficer, in writing next of kin, gives information which differs from the official record he has Not only communicated t o BuPers. are the next of kin confused and disturbed, butgovernmentand personal insurance is jeopardized. If there is justification for reporting to the Bureau that a man ismissing in action, when the facts known t o the commanding officer imply death, he should tell the next of kin the facts and theninformthem whyhe must report the man as missing in action. If later facts come to his attention which tend to change the status of a

Casualty reported by him, he should informBuPers immediately, in order that the facts may be relayed to the next of kin and that necessary action may be taken by theDepartmentin connection with benefits and accounts.
t o be avoided by Another danger commanding officers is that of notifying the next of kin before the casualty itself has been announced o r before the Bureau has notified them officially. I n some casesrelativeshave received letters of condolence and even personal effects of casualties before any announcement of the casualty has been made. An important reason for holding up announcement of a ship casualty is the humane one that; until the status of every man aboard is ascertained, it is cruel t o subject his relatives to uncertainty and worry over his fate. Under an Alnav of 2 December 1942 (No. 258), letters of condolence from commanding officers to next of kin are via not to be mailed t o them direct, but the Bureau of Naval Personnel. When such lettersarewrittentorelatives from commanding officers outside the continental limits, they must be sealed., addressed,and mailed in bulk tothe Bureau marked, attention Casualties and AllotmentsSection; o r to Marine Corps, attention Casualty Divis;on; o r t o Coast Guard, attention Military Morale. Such letters will be forwarded by BuPers,Marine Corps and Coast Guard when casualty notices have been dispatched, and not before.

Variations
The provisions so f a r described for handling of survivorsare applicable

destroyerclass o r smaller, o r if you landed on some foreign shore. Inthe event of a casualty, Armed Guard personnel head for the nearest Armed Guard pool, taking advantage, of course, of any transportation that can be afforded by ships o r shore activities of the Navy. There are many of these Armed Guard pools throughout the world. At the pool, the casualty is reported, togetherwiththenames of the survivors. The men can be re-outfitted and get, their gear at these pools, but. in cases where return to the States is contemplated, this would probably be a skeleton outfitting, sufficient to hold them until they get back t o one of the Armed Guard Centers (Brooklyn, New Orleans, San Francisco) where the process can be completed. Pay accounts of Armed Guard personnel are carried at an Armed Guard Center, but the men themselves carry what is known as a partial pay card, which is good in most corners of the world. Made of rag paper, this stands up fairly well under reasonable a amount of salt-water dunking. It is intendedonly forpayments sufficient t o provide personal expense money. Upon presentation of their partia1,pay cards and proper identification, Armed Guard personnel will be paid by any Navy,Marine Corps o r Coast Guard disbursing officer o r special disbursing agent, or, inthe absence of such officers, by the master of the merchant

Well, heres a new one f o r the Hydrographic Ofice.

-The

Hoist (NTS. San Diego).

Page 44

The partial pay card permits 1 2 pay entries, no two of which may be made within a two-week period, and each of which must be signedby thepaying officer.On the basis of this card, any of the above-mentioned sources will make payments of amounts due to the men notify and the. Armed Guard Center to which the men are attached so the amounts may be charged in the pay accounts of the individuals concerned, and, if payments are made by other than a Navydisbursing officer, reimbursement of theproper government department o r steamship company effected. As to reassignment of Armed Guard personnel, quotas are established by VCNO for the various pools, specifying how many meneachshall have. Survivors who report to a pool either can be returned to the United States, or, if needed, can reassigned be to other Armed Guard duty by the pool itself. In general, though, the idea is togetthem home for rehabilitation, re!ief and re-outfitting if possible. If you happento be on a ship of destroyer class or smaller, you are not likely, of course, to have all of the record, supply disbursing and features that are available on larger ships. Pay accounts of some destroyers, the in Pacific, for instance, are notcarried a division, but oneachdestroyerin only on the division leader. Pay accounts for most destroyers the in Atlantic are carried at destroyerdisbursing offices ashore. However, most of the provisions of procedure outlined in article this will be applicable to destroyers and their personnel. Ships smaller than destroyers would probablyhavetheirdisbursing officer ashore. Although the pay accounts of the men would not be affected by a sinking of such a ship, replacement and reimbursement for loss of personal effectswould be handled in the same manner as with larger ships. While the likelihood of not being picked up by another ship and, instead, landing on a foreignshore, is not a general one, there are a couple of points that would then come up. If a crew landed in a neutral country, they W.ould, o f course, be subject to internment, under international law. If they landed in a port of an Allied nation, they would report to the naval liaison officer, or, if none wereavailable,to the Americanconsul. Ifneither were available local!y, they would report to the nearest liaison naval officer o r American consul available. The consul may furnish transportation if needed to the nearest naval activity.

T h e Bulldozer

(NCTC,Darisville, R. I.)

Tips f o r Survivors
Everyone who has ever been a survivor undoubtedly has his own suggestions and ideas as to what to do about

thenecessary procedures. Here are a few simple ideas that might be helpful, most of them suggested by officers and men who have experience had with a ship casualty themselves. 1. Preserve some record of your pay account showing (a) allotments and allowances, (b) extra pay details, and (c) checkages. An officer who was on a carrier sunk in the south Pacific writes as follows: An item that willserve you well in gettingsquaredawayafterreaching portis a littleslip of papertucked in your wallet on which is kept an upto-date record of your pay account. a record. The Thewriterkeptsuch first column was headed Date, the second Amount Due, andthethird Amount Drawn, withcurrent allotment data on the reverse side. Entered on a small filing card, itwas perfectly legible although wallet the had been wet down for over three hours the in Coral sea. Dead broke, this survivor passed i t on to the k s t availabledisbursing officer, who was able with gratifying promptness to [reconstruct his pay account and] shell out some badly neededcash. ( N o t e : A sample of a personal pay memoranda form which has been recommended by theBureau of Supplies and Accounts for use aboard ship isreproduced on page 30. Thisisalready being used aboard several ships and its wider use is recommended. It may be prepared locally by mimeograph or ditto machines.) 2. If a n enlisted man, keep a record of any recent deposits made in a Navy savings account. Whiledisbursing officers make periodic reports of all such deposits, andthe record of youraccount exists at the General Accounting Office, depositsmadeduringthetime at sea preceding the casualty have not been forwarded, of course, as there is no practicable way of mailing a letter from a sinking ship. 3. Also keep any receipts issued you

by a disbursing officer for money left a with for him safekeeping. Under new law just passed, it is possible to obtainreimbursement for money lost in a casualty if i t had been deposited for safekeepingand if themanproduces a receipt for it. So holdon to that receipt. 4. A wallet, such as you might ordinarily obtain through ships service, is a good thing to have with you at all times, as it will be of some aid in protecting your records even against a reasonable amount of submersion, and is certainly preferable to carrying trim file them loose. You can small cardsto fit thecompartments of the wallet, and arrange necessary data on them as required. 5. If your rating had been changed beonly a few days before your ship came a casualty, its a good idea Io check with your ships writer to determine whether the record of change in rating was lost o r is still on hand and will be forwarded to BuPers. Often in a ship casualty, record of such change can be lost and the fact that a seaman second class appears next on the muster roll as a seaman first class does not in itself constitKtza-change of rating unless BuPershasfurther evidence. 6. Officerswouldbe well advised to have on them some brief inventory of their belongings thataresubject to reimbursement, including the approximatedateacquired,andthe cost or purchase price acquired. when This will have to be made up sooner o r later in order to obtain reimbursement, and if it is already prepared, agood deal of time may be saved. 7. Caution your relatives and friends to place no faith in reports from foreign broadcasts purporting to give information captured about American prisoners of war.Falsecasualtyreports have beenreceived by hundreds of servicemens families in various

Page 45

parts of the country. It is the opinion of the FBI that this would indicate a substantial force of enemy representatives strategically placed throughout the country and working under orders to undermine American morale by such methods. (Incidentally, any casualty notification received by a servicemans family over the telephone also is open t o question, as it is not the policy of the Navy Department to transmit such messages by telephone.) 8. If your ship is ever a casualty, and you come out OK, notify the home folks yourself. For reasons of security, you cant say much, but even a simpie sentence like:Just a linetolet you know Im OK and everything is fine will do the trick. And date your letter. As soon a s securitypermits, such a lett.er may be sent, and it may allay To protectfamilies anxiety at home. from unnecessary worry, Navy the ordinarily holds up announcement of a ship casualty until personnel casualty reports are received. But you can still send a noncommittal sentence which, with the date, will assure your family of your own well-being at that time.

(By a Commader, U S N )
Early in 1919, there repoi-ted to the Naval Training Station at Pelham Bay Park a new recruit. He had evidently just been discharged fromtheArmy after serviceoverseas as he was still wearing his Army uniform. He was of foreignextraction as was evident fromhisEnglish which was difficult for both himself and his listeners. In fact, he had been born in Lithuania. I happened to be a recruit a t the same time and was assigned with him to the same drill company and same the smallbarracks. HisnamewasPeter Tomich. Our training finished, Tomich and I went our different ways. A beneficent government sent me to Naval the Academy and gave me both an education and a profession. I did notsee Tomich again for seven years when as a young ensign I reportedto a destroyerin which he was serving. Tomich was then a watertender first class. Subsequently he was advanced to chief petty officer. In this capacity he served with me as engineer officer for five years. Those years were happy years for me. As far as watertenders went there were none better than Tomich. Boilers were life his and steam in was his blood. He always knew the speed the ship was expected to make because he taught himself to the read signal flags,-and he wasalwayswhere he could read them. With a monkey wrenchhe devised a system of stopping smoke-that worked. He talked ... me intoviolating a section of M E I three years before the correction came outto do justwhathe advised. His men liked him. Buthekept me informed of everything went that on in his little command without the men ever feeling were they being spied upon. to Tomich hadaspirations few higher things. He knew his job and a he knew his limitations. He was wise andsimple man. Once when the destroyer on which he serving was was placed in reserve commission, he was allowed tokeep only a few of his men. The restwereto be transferredtothe receiving ship. Tomich knew men andhe picked them well. But one of the duties of a C.P.O. in a reduced commission ship the was standing of O.O.D. watch which included much use of the telephone. If there was ever a job for which Tomich was unfitted that was it. No one knew it better than Tomich. After a nightmare of a week-end duty, he exchanged withthe chief watertender in the ship relieving and he found from himself with a fireroom gang which he himself had weeded all the good men.
[See page 131

Selected Reading:
Navy Regulations concerning abandoning ship, and duties of officers: Articles 21, 841, 865, 908 and 1230. Casualties: Alnav 150, 1 August 1943, Disposition personal effects deceased and missing; BuPers Circular Letter 104-43, Reports of Casualties, N. D. Bul. (semi-monthly) , of 1 July 1943,R-1179; VopNav restricted despatch 181955, May 1943, (notification of casualties t o SecNav) ; Alnav 258, 2 December 1943, Casualty deairspatches and casualty amplifying mailgrams; Alnav 162, 1 August 1942, Casualty reports; Alnav 13, 15 January 1942, Reports of Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard casualties; BuPers Circular Letter 153-41, 15 December 1941, Notification of death and serious injury (appears in BuPers Circular Letter 0 - 4 3 ) . Procedureto be followed in reconstructingpay accounts of survivors: Article 2150-3, BuSandA Memo. Procedure t o be followed t o reimbursesurvivorsfor loss of personal property in a casualty: BuPers Manual, forthcoming articles C-8006 (officers) and D-10117 (enlisted men). These articles will supersede BuPers Circular Letter 88-43. Emergency issues of clothing to survivors: SecNav Itr. 26 August 1943, N. D. Bul.(semi-monthly) , of 1 September 1943, R-1346. Loss of savings deposit record book: Article 1781 ( 8 ) , Navy Regulations. For sensible suggestions on abandoning ship,and how t o prepare beit: How t o Abandon forehand for Ship, by Comdr. Wm. C. Chambliss, USNR (Information Bulletin, September 1943).

buthis boilers andhis ship. So O-as I knew, he never married. On sional spreesashoreinforeign pyLc he would get sentimental and back loaded with perfumes, kimc andother gedads. Butinhis sob,,,, moments the wives of his shiDmates usually became thehappy recipi of these. Despite our long service together and the affection that existed betv-- ~ - us, Tomich never asked of me a fa Only once did he place me in an -___ barrassing situation. Thatwas s- yearslater when he came to see aboard the driest battleship in &I-US. Navy, bringing as a gift a bc of excellent wine. One of the many stories about him is worth retelling. The destroyer squadron commander was a demanding soul who would ask the impossible I and then want to know why it was not done expeditiously. One afternoon the speed was increased rapidly t o full , power. The steam pressure and fell some smoke was made. A little excitementensued but when it wae - over Tomich commented crypticall his Slavic accent. He rings up uv knots from stop and yells No smc I likes to tell him that he i s got lucky to be moving at all. Our ways again parted as S ways do. We never missed an op,,tunity of seeing each other whenever our paths crossed. Nevertheless the yearsslipby quickly and we more 1 less lost touch. That is until a ; - , , ., days ago when I was reading the list of awards for heroism at Pearl Harbor and found on the list of Medal of Honor men thename of PETER TOMICH, CWT(PA) US? Deceased. No man completed a more ust a grandermannerthan life in simple but great man. He died as L had lived and served hiscountry IUL a quarter of a century, just doing his humble job with all that he hadin him.

I ,

u..~

Page 46

claims about other the cruiser that was damaged in the same attack. That was the end of action for the day. The Japanese were moving away so fast that not even Fortresses could get back to Midway and load up again in time to catch them. The rest of the pursuit was up to Admiral Spruance, steaming hard all through that afternoon night, and though his destroyers were getting low on fuel and intheabstracttherewas no reason why thebigJapanesegunneryships should not assemble and turn back to hammer at our carriers, lose o r retrieve all they had lost. In the concrete, as the human calculating mechanism on the American flagships bridge well knew, Japanese boldness exists only as it involves some element of trickery. The commander of one of their submarines was bold; he hadtracedthe Yorktown, making her way toward Pearl Harbor in tow, Hammann alongwiththedestroyer side. By morning 6 June they had g o t the Yorktown on an even keel;they were going to save her up to the moment when that submarine fired four torpedoes in a burst. Two hitthe Hammann. She went down in 90 seconds and lost many of her crew when the depth charges blew while they were the in water. The other two torpedoes hit the Yorktown and made salvagefutile,thoughshe floated tillanother dawnbefore taking down her torn battle flags. Three men trapped in a compartment, in answer to the telephoned news of their plight before went just they down with the ship, said Weve got a hell of a good acey-deucy game going down here, which will doubtless be accepted among the best naval remarks of history.

wasgoing down) they were not disappointed;they picked uptheJapanese rear fairly guard in clear weather,and went for it with 1,000pounders, each carrier vying as to which could put on the most perfect textbook attack under textbook conditionswith no enemy planes to interfere. What made the occasion perfect from our officers point of view was that rear this guard contained the cheat-cruisers, Mikuma and Mogami, the ships the Japs built just after they got home from the London naval conference. Remember? They had been singing aboutpossible aggression then, and had persuaded our statesmen not to build anything beyond light cruisers. On paper these two ships were 8,500-tonners of that class; on the ocean beneath our dive bombers they were 13,000-ton heavies. At least two bomb hits were scored on each cruiser, says the communique in a masterpiece of understatement, forthere were 20 planes inthe Mikuma attack alone, and she is the ship that shows up in the last photographs of the action leaning over on one side, halfher double funnel blown away, smoking decks all twisted and bent, guns acockbill, holes in her side with the torpedo tubes dangling from them, and what is left of her crew gathered

a f t to wait for the finish. The Mikuma went down sometime thatafternoon; and the Mogami was left in such evil case that the communique claimed her as sunk too (though later evidence makes it possible thatshe may have got away). Now our carriers were working into the region where land-based Japanese planes could get at them, so they turned away home and the battle was over,all butthe business of picking up survivors. Thepleasantestthing of all, said one of the Hornets men, was t o hear for days afterward that one afteranother of our flerr was found, till our losses were really very small. The high command doubtless had a due regardforthatfeature;butits pleasure was chiefly derived from the fact that the Japanese navy had taken its first indubitable, irrefutable, crushingdefeat since theday when Hideoshi tried to make the Korean nightingale sing, back in the MiddleAges. They had attempted t o use command of the sea without first attaining it, a job for which no boldness and no trickery is adequate, as a little reading of Admiral Mahan would have told them. But Admiral Mahan was an American, and it is probably beneath the dignityof the sons of heaven to accept advice from inferior races.

What Is Your Naval I. Q.?

1. When American submarines cross the International Date Line do they rise t o the surface o r dive underneath ? 2. What are mares tails ? 3. Why are gun salutes given in odd numbers ? 4. After what are aircraft carriers named ? 5. What does the snafu term mean ? 6. In navalparlance a jackassis: (2) a small, motor(1) animal; an driven tractor; the (3) catch which holds a watertight compartment fast; (4) a canvas plug stuffed in the hawse pipes t o preventwaterfrom coming aboard through them; (5) a low form of marine life. 7. If you were adrift in the South Pacific and these two subs surfaced near you, toward which would you fire your Very flare? 1 . Who arethesethree 1 chiefs of bureaus? (Give nameand bureau.)

The End

of

the Fight

But it was not the final remark of thebattle;itwas not even the final remark of thatphase of thebattle. The destroyers of the Yorktowns escort finishing were that phase by blowing upthe bold submarinethat had torpedoed her; about and the same time, severalhundred miles t o the west, the dive bombers of Admiral Spruancewerehavinganother phase t o themselves. On the evening of 5 June a reconnaissance report spoke of an undamaged enemy carrier off tothenorth, under the weather edge, and the planes flew off t o seek it. But it was a disappointment; no carrier, no sign of one, and no J a p planes.They had to console themselves by attacking a light cruiser, but she was so well handled in the bad weather and bad light as to escape with minor damage. But Yorktown the morning the next (as

8. Inwhatyear did theJapanese bomb the USS Panay in the Yangtze river ? 9. Where did the word skipper originate? 10. Has there ever been a mutiny in a U. S. warship ?

12. If planepilots breathe oxygen, do they have f o r carbon what use dioxide ? 13. When was the first American fleet organized ? 14. What is the origin of the word geronimo, shouted byparatroopers when they leap from a plane ? 15.Does a magnetic compasspoint t o true north o r magnetic north ? 16. Does the American flag have more red o r more white stripes ? 17. Whatistherealname of the Navys famous Battleship X ? 18. Whatis: (1) anLCVP; ( 2 ) an LCR(S); (3) an LCM; (4) an LVT(A); (5)anLCC? 19. Look a t the Gibson girl! the sailor cried. To what did he refer? 20. Where, are: Empress (1) Augusta bay ? (2) the Aurunce mounriver; tains; (3) Kiev; (4) Laruma (5) Buka ? (Answers ow Page 6 2 )

Page 47

First Task Force Citation Awarded for Antisub Operations

TaskUnit 21.14 has beenawarded the Presidential Unit Citation for its outstandingantisubmarineoperations inmid-Atlanticfrom 27 July 1943the timegroup first a composed of ships and aircraft has won the award. The consisting unit, of the escort destroyers, the carrier Card; three Barry,Borie and Go#; and Composite Squadrons 1 and 9 stationed aboard the Card, pressed home a vigorous offensive which was largely responsible for the complete withdrawal of enemy U-boats from Atlantic shipping lanes. Later, when submarines returned to theareawithdeadlier weapons, the task unit wrested the initiative from the Nazis before they could launch large-scale attacks. (See article in this issue on p. 2.)

The Stories Ribbons Tell

They are just little bits of silk ribbons, but the stories they tell are the stories the American people want about, and should known about. Considermerelythe forms: notice how many three, wear to know

men in naval uni-

...

cause often group one finds itself in action under command of the other service because of the close integration o f Navy and Army forces in operating theaters. Those who haveearneddecorations

four,fiveormoreribbons:noticehow many o f these ribbons decorated are withfrom clasps. after day story clear: and one tothreeorfourbattle Repeat this experience day and eventually the become crystal

...
i tis p o r t m

lantry under bombing in Greece. V ernHaugland, Associated Press.Silver Star. for devoof
even

W e have the biggest force

sea-going fighters actual with combat experience this that nation has known, T h a ti s those who enjoy. one bigdramaticstorythat can read ribbons the may

General Douglas

MacA.

(1

Purple Heart, wounded aboard cutter off Oran.

o f thousands o f stories that the ribbons tell. There

It is one but

...

couldno begreater stimulus morale o f the armed forces the than knowledgethathe

t oh e t who saw theribbon it-could

A number of correspondents were citedin letters of commendation for

Landing Craft Wins PresidentialCitation

ThefirstPresidentialUnitCitation won by a landing craft has gone to the officers and crew of the uss LCI(L) 1 for their heroic conduct during the initial landings on Sicily in July. The craft moved in under a fierce barrage of hostile fire which ruptured her communications and seriously wounded her helmsman and winchman. Deprived of mechanicalcontrol,she was raked by artillery and machine-gunfire as she lay on the beach, but continued to fight back gallantly and silenced several enemy guns ashore despite her helpless position. Officers and crew remained ship throughout a with the four-day period of repeated air attacks until the ship again was floated and salvaged for further activeduty.

-s a

well

as he who wore

readthestory

it tells.

Chicago Daily News

17 Correspondents and Photographers Covering Navy Are Cited

Cruz. McMurtry received severe powder burns. .John Hersey, of Time, for conduct at Guadalcanal on 7-8 O c t o b e r 1942, was awarded a letter of commendation Secretary from of the Navv. July 1943. George Sessions Perrv.

!I

Of the 112 newspaper, magazine and radiocorrespondents and photographers now accredited to various fleets and sea frontiers, 17 have been decorated or cited for courage and fortitude. Fourteen have been killed in all theatres to date, and four are reported missing. I n additiontotheseregularcorrespondents, approximately200 per month are authorized to visit domesticnaval establishmentsfor articles and photographs, and about seven per month are temporarilyaccreditedforspecialassignments afloat. Two Navy Captains Of the 112 correspondents, 104 are American, 4 are British, 3 are AustraDecorated by Army lian, l is from New Zealand. In addiThe War Department has announced tion, 2 Canadians were accredited f o r awards by the Army to twoNavy offi- the Aleutians campaign. cers: Capt.Francis J. McKenna, USN, One of the first casualties among Norfolk, Va.; and Capt. Felix B. Stump, correspondents was Jack Singer, InterUSN, Clarksburg, West Va. national News Service, who was lost in At acriticaltimeinthedefense of the sinking of the uss Wasp. Others allied territoryinthe Southwest Paaboard warships sunk action in were cific, Captain Stump, who won the DisJoeJamesCuster, United Press, who tinguishedServiceMedal,madedirect contribution tothe success of opera- suffered an eye injurywhen the uss Charles McMurtry, tions by his supervision over the com- Astoria was lost; bined operations and intelligence center, Associated Press, and Tom Lea, Life, aboard the uss despite the continual danger of attack both of whom were Internafrom numerically superior enemy forces. Hornet, and Allen Jackson, tional News Photos, who was on the Awarded the Legion of Merit,Capuss Helena. tain McKenna worked in close collaboIt is not possible to draw a line beration. with the Army in phases all correspondents accredited to affecting plans joint and operations. tween Through his cooperationhe contributed Army and Navy in telling of those who to a mutual understanding between the have been killed, wounded or taken prisoner inaction with interest. the Army or Army and the Navy.

Satur-

Nine correspondents were cited by 1 the Commander, North Pacific Force, ! fortheirpartinthe Attuoperations, as follows: Eugene Burns and William Howard Handleman. InternaS h e r m a n Montrose. Acme

.I

Charles Perryman, News of

the

Chilean Naval Oflcer Awarded Legion of Merit

For performance his of outstanding Chilean Naval Commission, has been awarded the Legion o f Merit. Coooer-

mutual

Page 48

Comdr. Glynn R. Donaho, USN, Normangee, Texas: As commanding officer of a submarine during a single patrol in enemy waters, Commander Donaho made repeated torpedo attacks against Japanese shipping, sinking four vessels and damaging two others. Comdr. Frank W. Fenno, USN, Westminster, Mass.: While commanding a submarine the in Pacific area, Commander Fenno displayed daring aggressiveness and excellent professional ability in sinking three freighters and damaging two other vessels. Comdr. Dudley W. Morton, USN, Miami, Fla.: As commanding officer of a submarine on patrolin enemycontrolled waters,Commander Morton delivered aggressive torpedo attacks against hostile vessels and succeeded in damaging or sinking a large amount of enemy shipping.

k c a p t . Robert W. Hayler, USN, Muncie, Ind.:Participating in an engagement with numerically superior hostile naval forces, Captain Hayler,through his direction of gunand torpedofire, contributed materially to the sinking and severe damage of all the enemy vessels. During the previous day, as part of a task force, he supported landing operations on New Georgia island, and, in the face of intense enemy fire, in submarine-infested waters, he effectively bombarded enemy shore batteries. Comdr. Wreford G. Chapple, USN, Billings, Mont.: Sinking two ships and, in two otherattacks, inflicting severe damage on two freighters, Commander Chapple displayed aggressive leadership and skill as commanding officer of a submarine on patrol in enemy waters. *To Comdr. William J. Millican, USN, Long Island, N. Y.; and Comdr. Dudley W. Morton, USN, Miami, Fla.: As commanding officers of submarines in dangerous enemy waters, they took advantage of every opportunity to strike a t the enemy and an sank important amount of Japanese shipping.

Capt. Colin Campbell, USN, Arlington, Va : Commanding a warship during landing operations on New Georgia island, Captain Campbeil maneuvered his ship through restrictedwaters,effectively bombing shorebatteries. The following day, while leading aformation,his ship engaged in action with superior numbers of an enemy force and, through his brilliant direction of

accurate gunfire, succeeded materially in destroying or severely damaging all hostile vessels. Capt. Francis X. McInerney, USN, Cheyenne, Wyo. : Commanding a squadron of destroyers as part of a task force during landing operations, 5-6 July 1943, in the Solomon Islands, Captain McInerney, in the face of intense hostile gun and torpedo fire, led his group through restricted, submarine-infested waters to effectively bombard enemy shore batteries. The following day, the same task force participated in an engagement with an enemy force and sank or damag-d all hostile craft. When a cruiser of his own group was sunk, he returned with two destroyers and directed the rescue of 700 survivors, finally abandoning these activities to attack and sink two other enemy vessels and badly damage a third. *Comdr. Ephraim R. McLean, Jr., USN, Annapolis, Md.: While commanding a warship in action against Japanese forces in the Kula Gulf on 4 and 5 July 1943, Commander McLean placed his ship alongside a vessel which had been torpedoed, and directed hazardous rescue operations. Although hisship was subjected to intense fire from coastal batteries, he continued his rescue efforts until 75% of the personnel had been saved. Comdr. Harry F. Miller, USN, Swissvale, Pa.: As commanding officer of the uss Jenkins, part of a task force in operations a t Kula gulf, 5-6 July 1943, Commander Miller directed accurategunand torpedo fire which destroyed or severely damaged a large hostile vessel. Comdr. William S. Post, Jr., USN, Los Angeles, Calif.: As commanding officer of the uss Gudgeon, Commander (then Lieutenant Commander) Post displayed brilliant tactical judgment inmaneuvering his ship into the most aggressive striking position, thereby destroying four enemy ships and damaging others. Comdr. William K. Romoser, USN, Baltimore, Md.: As commanding officer of the uss Radford in a task force supporting troop landings at New Georgia island, 4-6 July 1943, Commander Romoser cleverly covered these vital activities by accurate screening, and effectively silenced enemy shore batteries. After refuelling his ship, he rejoined the task force group to participate in an engagement with a numerically superior enemy force, continuing his performance until all hostile vessels were destroyed, or severely crippled. When a cruiser of his group was discovered to be sunk, Commander Romoser returned to the scene with another destroyer to save 440 survivors. Forced to abandon these efforts, he lead a further attack and sank two more enemy vessels and damaged a third. Comdr. Edward 0. Stephan, USN, Westgate, Md.: As commanding officer of a submarine in enemy waters, Commander Stephan attacked and damaged alargeamount of Japanese shipping. Comdr. Charles 0. Triebel, USN, Peoria, Ill.: Commanding a submarine on patrol in enemy waters, Commander Triebel delivered torpedo andsurface attacks against hostile vessels, destroying a large amount of enemy shipping. AComdr. Thomas L. Wogan, USN, Philadelphia, Pa.: During many days of search, attack, and escape, as commanding officer of a submarine in the

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

H E L P E D S I N K T W O SUBS: Aboard an aircraftcarrier at sea, Lt. Comdr. Lamar P. Carver, USN, Moline, Ill., is congratulatedRear by Admiral A . D . Bernhard, USN, after presentation o f t h e N a v y Cross. Leading his division in an attack on a nest o f submarines in Casablanca Harbor, he personally made one o f the two direct which two hits sank U - b o a t sH e . has since been promoted to Command'er.
Pacific area, Commander Wogan directed his ship with such skill that he was able to sink one freighter and one transport, then bring his ship to safety. Lt. Comdr. Bernard F. McMahon, USN, New London, Conn.: During his fifth war patrol in hostile waters, Lieutenant Commander McMahon daringly maneuvered his submarine into position and sank a large amount of enemy shipping. *Lt. Comdr. Donald J. MacDonald, USN, New York City, N. Y . : As commanding officer of the uss O'Bannon in a task force in the Solomon islands, 4-6 July 1943, he effectively bombarded enemy positions off Kula gulf, and safely maneuvered his ship close to a sinking cruiser to screen another destroyer assisting in rescue work. Later, the same force engaged a numerically superior enemy force and succeeded in sinking or damaging all hostile ships. Lt. Comdr. Andrew J. Hill, USN, Poplar Bluff, Mo.: After effectively bombarding enemy shore installations at Rice Anchorage, New Georgia island, 5-6 July 1943, as commanding officer of assisted a task the uss Nicholas, he force the following day in crippling and sinking the entire group of enemy ships. Returning t o the scene when it was discovered that one cruiser of his group had been sunk,hematerially assisted in saving approximately 300 survivors. Forced to cease their rescue work, the Nhholas another and destroyer sank two enemy vessels and badly damaged a third. *Lt. Comdr. Lawson P. Ramage, USN, Lowville, N. Y . : Commanding the uss Trout in actionagainst hostile forces, during a period of intense activity, Lieutenant Commander Ramage skill-

Page 49

"Official U. S. Navy Photegraph.

HERO OF G U A D A L C A N A L : Admiral William F . Halsey,

USN, Commander, South Pacific Force, presents the Silver Star Medal to Griffin H . Kerp e r , U S N , P h M l c ,o f Philadelphia, Pa., for bravery during a Japanese attack on Guadalcanal, 13-14 September 1942. Disregarding his own safety, Kerper exposed to himself machine-gun, rifle and grenade fire while caring f o r w o u n d e d .
sives, Lieutenant Commander Stanley boarded the burning ship and for three hours directed a large detail of men engaged in controlling and extinguishing the fire (24 April 1943, in New York Harbor). *Lt. Ferrall H. Moore (MC), uSNR, Palo Alto, Calif.: As medical Officer in charge of the evacuation of casuaities a t Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, from 30 November 1942 to 4 February 1943, Lieutenant Moore instituted a plan which faciliated the loading and evacuation of patients. His efficiency in handling aircraft flight crews, sick, and wounded made possible the transfer of several hundred men to base hospitals by air without a fatalityen route. *Benjamin E. DuPree, Jr., CPhM, USNR, Gordon, Ga.: When Japanese planes made a surprise bombing attack on his advanced naval base in the South Pacific, DuPree ran to the assistance of theinjuredand administered firstaid. By his skill and fearless devotion toduty,he undoubtedly saved the lives of two seriously wounded comrades who otherwise might have perished. *Frederick Nunes, CGM, USN, Oakland, Calif.: Serving in a warship during the assault on French Morocco, Nunes was directing the supply of ammunition to the after guns until his ship was struck in after the main switchboard by a shell which disrupted power to those guns. Nunes estimated correctly the approximate extent of the damage and was primarily responsible

for the immediate shifting of the after guns to emergency power. Leonard A. Peppler, CPhM, USN, Fort Collins, Colo.: When both the medical officer and chief pharmacist's mate aboard ship his were killed in action, Peppler improvised a sick bay, supervised stretcher parties and treated the wounded with such efficiency that when a doctor came aboard ten hours later,the only attention required was a change of dressings and continuation of the treatments already started. Williard L. Durgin, MoMMlc, USCGR, Oak Bluffs, Mass.: Under extremely hazardous and difficult conditions, Durgin remained a t his post as engineer of a landing b@t for two and one half days, keepiri@.$he craft bailed out and free from sand, despite gruelling hardships and exposure to hostile bombing and strafing.Through his efforts, our forces were able to salvage the boat for further service intransporting troops and supplies tothe beaches. (French Morocco, 8-11 November 1942.) *John V. Goleniecki, BMlc, USCG, Trenton, N.J.: During the assault on French Morocco, while members of his transport ship were cut off from other groups, Goleniecki offered to man a rubber boat and contact our forces for assistance. Despite hostilefire, he reached his objective the same evening, and furnished theattack force commander with first-hand information. *Kenneth 0. Holmes, CMlc, USNR, Olympia, Wash.: When his ship was during the struck by an enemy shell assault on French Morocco, Holmes immediately entered compartments adjacent to those damaged and endeavored to restore watertight integrity andinstitute to flooding of powder magazines as necessary, even though powder cases were cut and the powder exposed to fire. To Joseph A. Bocci, RM2c, USNR, Detroit, Mich.; and Raymond J. Toth, SoM3c, USNR, Jersey City, N.J.: While attached to the PC-487, they gave valuable information to their commanding officer, enabling him to maintain contact a with submarine and ultimately destroy it. Toth, despite

In attempting to rejoin their ship, Morneau and his comrades were themselves captured after a highly spirited engagement.

Comdr. Herman J. Kossler, USN, Portsmouth, -Va.: Dui;ing the second and thir-d war patrols of his submarine, Lieutenant Commander Kossler performed his duties as navigator and as- . sistant approach officer with skill and daring. Although operating under difficult conditions in close proximity to enemy shores, he was largely responsible for the sinking or damaging of considerable enemy shipping. Lt. Harry E. Woodworth, USN, Washington, D.C.: As gunnery officer of a submarine during surface a engagement with an enemy vessel, Lieutenant Woodworth coolly removed a shell jammed in the bore of the deck gun in the face of intense enemy fire. He remained athisstationand performed the additional duties of gun captain, first loader, andsight-setteruntilthe enemy vessel was destroyed.
*Lt.

Joseph A . Bocci

Raymolzd J. Toth

limited experience, reported the original sound contact and continued to track the vessel, while Bocci accurately corroborated the sound reports so that his ship could maneuver advantageously for an attack. *Norbert Morneau, S2c, USNR, Holyoke, Mass.: When members of his transport, landing northeast of Fedala, French Morocco, were attacked by hostile planes and ground forces and cut off from other landing groups, Morneau and four companions volunteered to contact our forces a t Fedala and obtain assistance. Penetrating the hostile lines, he and his party returned

*To Comdr. Wreford G. Chapple, USN, Billings, Mont.; Comdr. Glynn R. Donaho, USN, Normangee, Tex.; and Comdr. Arnold H. Holtz, USN, ManitoWOC, Wis.: As submarine commanders in action against Japanese forces in the Pacific area, they pressed home relentless attacks with courage and ability, sinking a large amount of enemy shipping. j , Comdr. Walter G. Ebert, USN, Contributing to Parkersburg, W. Va.: the complete destruction of a valuable enemy vessel, and the serious damage of three others, Commander Ebert, as a commanding officer of submarine, and operated brilliantly maneuvered his ship into advantageous striking positions. Commander Joseph H. Wellings. USN, East Boston, Mass.: As part o f thetask force supportingtroop landings on New Georgia Island, 4-5 July 1943, Commander Wellings, commanding officer of the uss Strong, ma. neuvered his ship through restricted submarine-infested waters, effectivelq bombarding enemy shore batteries and installations. In the face of intense enemy resistance, he continued to force heavy fire into Japanese opposition until the Strong was struck by a torpedo. Calmly and efficiently, Commander Wellings directed the abandonment of his sinking ship, remaining aboard as she went down. The explosion of her depth charges threw into sea, him, seriously injured, the

Page 52

* R e a r AdmiralCarlos , vianNavy:Remarkably

Rotalde,Peruwell informed onnavalaffairsthroughlongexperiencein posts ofhighcommandinthe Peruvian Navy, Admiral Rotalde is largely responsible for the success of mission to Peru. His the U. S. naval loyalty to this country was a vital factorinstrengtheningthebonds of understanding between the two Americas. S. Tisdale, * R e a r Admiral Mahlon USN, Coronado, Calif.: As cruisertask force in group commander of a task action against Japanese forces the in BattleofSanta Cruz Islands,Admiral Tisdale's force inflicted heavy losses on attackingair groups andaffordedexcellent protection to our carrier, thereby contributing in a large measure to the successof our forces. *Commodore James A. Logan, USN, Newport, R. I. (posthumously) : As commandantthe of Navy Operating Base at Londonderry, Northern Ireland, from 15 March to 4 September 1943, Commodore Logan was responsible for the efficient operation of the base, and for maintenance of cordial relations with representatives Great of Britain andNorthernIreland. Air Commodore Sidney Wallingford, Royal New Zealand Air Force: As staff officer the of Royal New Zealand Pacific Area, Air Force the in South Commodore Wallingford developed a smoothly functioning liaison, coordinating the operations of his own group U. S. Army, andtheairunitsofthe Navy and Marine Corps. *Capt. Charles P. Coe, USN, Long Beach,Calif.: As operations officer for Commander Aircraft, Pacific South Force, from 21 September to 30 May 1943, Commander Coe directed the combat aircraft operations conducted by the Allied air forces in repeated attacks against enemy shore installations and shipping,andcontributedmaterially to the destruction of large numbers of Japaneseaircraft. Capt. William F. Grimes, USNR, San Marino, (posthumously) Calif. : After the raid on Pearl Harbor, Captain Grimes rendered valuable assistance in the transmitting station inthe Eleventh Naval District. Later he visited various naval districts and helped procure personnel. I n addition, heassistedindeveloping the aircraft warning service on Pacific the Coast (December, 1939 until his death in June, 1943). Capt. Charles E. Olsen, USN, Waukegan,Ill.: As commanding officer ofan advancenavalbasein theSouth Pacific Area from its inception until February, 1943, CaptainOlsenset up and operated .the base during a n extremely hazardous with period outstanding ability. k c a p t . Lorenzo S. Sabin, Jr., USN, Dallas, Texas: As commander of an attack group during the assault on Sicily, Captain Sabin carried through to a successful conclusion, placing Army unitsondesignatedbeachheads. Later, units at all naval as commander of Licata, he coordinated the unloading of shipsandtheorganizingof convoys. Capt. Nelson Simas de Souza, Brazilian Navy: As officer in charge of Brazilian personnel during fire-fighting operations on a merchant ship, Captain De skillfully Souza coordinated the units was work of fire-fighting and

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

R E A R A D M I R A L H A L L H O N O R E D : In a North African port, Rear Admiral John L. Hall, Jr., USN, (right) stands at attention as V i c e A d m i r a l H . K . Hewitt, USN, (left) waits to pin the DistinguishedServiceMedal on Admiral Hall's chest f o r hisoutstanding leadership as a sea frontier force commander during the occupation o f North Africa.
largely responsible for holding the dock damages to a minimum and for saving the ship from total destruction. jr Comdr. John B . Bowen, Jr., USN, Atlanta, Ga.: As communications officer for a taskforceduringtheCoralSea action, later Aircraft, and for South Pacific Force, Commander Bowen organized and directed vital communications incident to aircraft operations underrepeatedaerialattacks. L. Collis, USN, Hono*Comdr. John lulu, T. H.: Undeterred by the knowledge that a large Japanese naval force was approaching the exact position for his mine-laying operation, Commander. (then Lieutenant Commander) Collis, as commander of a mine division, proceeded to his destination ahead of the enemy. Throughout a tense period in which the hostileunits closed rapidly, he accomplished his mission. Comdr. Edward R. Durgin, USN, Middle Haddam, Conn.: As commander of a destroyer squadron throughout the initial assaultSicily, on Commander Durginsucceeded in bringingtanksto specified beachheads on schedule. During the ensuing o,perations his destroyer units gave excellent fire support, making possible rapid progress by Army units ashore. jr Comdr. WalterG.Ebert, USN, Parkersburg, Va.: repeatedly W. He maneuvered hissubmarine intofavorable succeeded in striking positions, and sinking Japanese one vessel and severely damaging a valuable enemy tanker. Comdr. William 0. Gallery, USN, Winnetka, Ill.: Whileoperations officer on the staff of a task force commander, Commander Gallery displayed brilliant initiative and executive ability in solvingproblemsincidenttothejoint air and surface operations, and in planning attacksonenemybasesandshoreinstallations (9 December 1942 to 31 March 1943, Solomons area). Comdr.Robert S. Quackenbush, Jr., USN, Cornwell-on-Hudson, N. Y . : AS officer inchargeoftheSouthPacific Photographic Interpretation Unit, Commander Quackenbush displayed efficient leadershipsupervising in aerial reconnaissanceflights over enemyterritory,and was largelyresponsible for the excellent photographic accomplishmentsinthisarea. Comdr. Paul D. Stroop, USN, San Diego,Calif.: As flag secretary for the commanderof a task force during the CoralSeaaction,andasplanningofficer Commander for Aircraft, South 26 September 1942 PacificForce,from to 4 April 1943, Commander Stroop displayed unerring judgment in making numerous recommendations affecting militarydecisionsofgreatimportance. *Lt. Comdr. Emerson E. Fawkes, USN, Omaha, Neb.: Whileaircraftmateriel officer forCommander Aircraft, South Pacific Force, Lieutenant Commander Fawkes capably supervised the procurement and distributionofaviation material, the and repair of Navy and Marine Corps aircraft underextremely adverseconditions. *Lt. Comdr. John M. Krause, USNR, St. Louis,Mo.: As navalmemberof a U. S. military mission in Cayenne, French Guiana, Lieutenant CommanderKrause used tact andunderstanding in his handling of the many diplomatic problems involved, andachieved distinctive success in I; exacting post. !> Lt. Comdr. John '?. Stanley, USCG, Staten Island, N. Y . : During firefightingoperationsaboard a merchant vessel loaded with a cargo of ex.olo-

Page 51

for the immediate shifting of the after guns to emergency power. their ', Leonard A. Peppler, CPhM, USN, I n a'ttempting io rejoin ship, Fort Collins, Colo.: When both the Morneau and his comrades were themmedical officer and chief pharmacist's selves captured after a highly spirited .I mate aboard ship his were killed in engagement. action,Pepplerimproviseda sick bay, supervised stretcher parties and treated the wounded with such efficiency that when a doctor came aboard ten hours later,the only attention required was a change of dressings and continuation of the treatments already started. j Williard L. Durgin, MoMMlc, uSCGR, , Oak Bluffs, Mass.: Under extremely hazardous and difficult conditions, Durgin remained at his post as engineer of *Lt. Comdr. Herman J. Kossler, USN, alanding b @ for two and one half Portsmouth, Va.: During the second out and and thirtl war patrols of his submarine, days, keepihg&,he craft bailed free from sand, despite gruelling hardLieutenant Commander Kossler per- 1 ships and exposure to hostile bombing formed his duties as navigator and asandstrafing.Through his efforts, our sistantapproach officer with skill and forces were able to salvage the boat for daring. Although operating under diffifurther service intransportingtroops cult conditions in close proximity to and supplies tothe beaches. (French enemyshores, he was largelyrespon"Official U. S. Navy Phofoograph. Morocco, 8-11 November 1942.) sible for the sinking damaging or of *John V. Goleniecki, BMlc, USCG, considerable enemy shipping. HERO OF G U A D A L C A N A L : Trenton, N.J.: Duringthe assault on Lt. Harry Woodworth, Admiral William F . Halsey, French Morocco,while members of his ington, D.C.:E. As gunnery USN, Washofficer of a transport ship were cut off from other USN, Commander, South Paduring a surface engagegroups, Goleniecki offered to man a submarine cific Force, presents the Silver rubber boat and contact our forces ment with an enemy vessel, Lieutenant hostile fire, he Woodworth coolly removed a shell jamStar Medal to Griffin H . K e r - forassistance.Despite med in the bore of the deck gun in the p e r , U S N , P h M l c ,o f Philadel- reached his objective the same evening, face of intense enemy fire. He reandfurnished theattack force comphia, Pa., f o r bravery during a mained a t his stationand performed mander with first-hand information. additional duties of gun captain, Japanese attack on GuadalKenneth 0. Holmes, CMlc, USNR, the the Wash.: When ship his was firstloader, andsight-setteruntil canal, 13-14 September 1942. Olympia, struck by an enemy shell during the enemy vessel was destroyed. Disregarding own his safety, assault on French Morocco, Holmes Kerper exposed himself to immediately entered compartments admachine-gun, rifle and grenade jacent to those damaged and enfire while caring f o r wounded. deavored to restore watertight integrity andinstitute to flooding of powder magazines as necessary, even though sives, LieutenantCommanderStanley powder cases were cut and the powder boarded the burning ship and for three exposed to fire. hours directedlarge a detail of men To Joseph A. Bocci, RM2c, USNR, Deengaged in controlling and extinguishtroit, Mich.; and Raymond J. Toth, *To Comdr. Wreford G. Chapple, USN, ing the fire (24 April 1943, in New York SoM3c, USNR, Jersey City, N.J.: While Billings, Mont.; Comdr. Glynn R. Tex.; and Harbor). attached to the PC-487, they gave Donaho, USN, Normangee, valuable information to their com- Comdr. ArnoldH. Holtz, USN, Manito*Lt. Ferrall H., Moore (MC), USNR, manding officer, enabling him to mainWOC, Wis.: As submarine commanders Palo Alto, Calif.: As medical officer tain contact a with and in charge of the evacuation of casuai- ultimately submarine Toth, despite in action against Japaneseforces in the destroy Pacific area, they pressed home relentit. ties at Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, less attacks withcourage andability, from 30 November 1942 to 4 February sinking a large amount of enemy ship1943, Lieutenant Moore instituted a ping. plan which faciliated the loading and *Comdr.Ebert, Walter G. USN, evacuation of patients. His efficiency Parkersburg, W. Va.:- Contributing to inhandlingaircraft flight crews, sick, the complete destruction of a valuable and wounded made possible the transenemy vessel, and the seriousdamage fer of several hundred men to base of threeothers,CommanderEbert,as hospitals by air without a fatality en commanding officer of submarine, a route. brilliantly maneuvered operated and *Benjamin E. DuPree, Jr., CPhM, his into ship advantageous striking USNR, Gordon, Ga.: When Japanese positions. planes made a surprise bombing attack j Commander , Joseph H. Wellings. on advanced base his naval in the East Boston, Mass.: Raymond J. Toth USN, taskforcesupportingtroopAs part of South Pacific, DuPree ran to theassist- Joseph A. Bocci the landance of theinjuredandadministered limitedexperience,reported the origi- ingson New Georgia Island, 4-5 July first aid. By his skill and fearlessdenal sound contact and continued to 1943, CommanderWellings,commandvotion to duty,heundoubtedlysaved the uss Strong, ma. the lives of two seriously wounded track the vessel, while Bocci accurately ing officer ofthrough his restricted corroborated the sound reports so that neuvered ship comrades who otherwise might have waters, effective13 his ship could maneuver advanta- submarine-infested perished. bombarding enemy shore batteries and geously for an attack. S~C, USNR, Holyinstallations. In the face of intense *Frederick Nunes, CGM, USN, Oak- *NorbertMorneau, land, Calif.: Serving in a warship dur- oke, Mass.: When members of his enemy resistance, he continued to force Japanese opposition ing the assault on French Morocco, transport, landing northeast of Fedala, heavy fire into French Morocco, were attacked by until the Strong was struck by atorNunes was directing the supply of Comhostile planes and groundforces and pedo. Calmly and efficiently, ammunition to the after guns until his mander Wellings directed the abandoncut off from landing ship was struckthe main in after other groups, ment of his sinking remaining ship, switchboard by a shell which disrupted Morneau andfour companionsvolunwent down. The expower to thoseguns.Nunesestimated teered to contact our forces at Fedala aboard she as correctly the approximate extent of the and obtain assistance. Penetrating the plosion of her depth charges threw damage and was primarilyresponsible into sea, hostile lines, he and his party returned him, seriously injured, the

Page 52

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

DISCOVERED J A P T A S K FORCE: Lieut. Joseph M. Kellam, USN, Biscoe, N . C., receives the Silver Star Medal from Rear Admiral I . C . Sowell, USN, commandant o f the Bermuda N a v a 1 Operating Base. While pilotingpatrol a planeSouth in the Pacific, Lieut.KellamsightedaJapanese carrier supporting and force, closed in despite enemy fighters and ack-ack, and communicatedfullinformationto his and base his own carrier force.
cmd several hours later he was rescued. *Lt. Comdr. Lawrence G. Bernard, USN, Deadwood, S. Dak.: By maintaining expert depth control throughout two successful attacks, Lieutenant Commander Bernard, as diving and executive officer, rendered inestimable service to his commanding officer during war patrols in Japanese waters. *Lt. Comdr. Merrill K. Clementson, USN, Washington, D. C.: In five successive war patrols, Lieutenant Commander Clementson, as both assistant approach officer .and executive officer,^ through his complete knowledge of the ship familiarity and with the attack problem, was invaluable to his commanding officer in taking a heavy toll of enemy shipping. Lt. Comdr. David R. Connole, USN, Madison, 111.: I n war patrols through enemywaters, LieutenantCommander Connole, as diving officerof a submarine, performed hisduties calmly and capably, with courage in keeping with the highest traditions of the naval service. *Lt. Comdr. Slade D. Cutter, USN, New London, Conn.: With outstanding skill and courage, Lieutenant Commander Cutter carried out his duties as assistant approach officer of suba marine during attacks against the enemy, which resulted in the sinking of a large amount of hostile shipping. *Lt. Comdr. Lawrence V. Julien, USN, Washington, D. C.: I n a period of successful operations, Lieutenant CommanderJulien,as assistant approach officer of a submarine, analyzed the torpedo problem while his ship was engaged in numerous actions against enemy shipping. His oustanding ability and accuracy in these operations con-

tributed directly to the sinking of nine enemy vessels. *Lt. Comdr. Russell Kefauver, USN, Brooklyn, N. Y.: During the first five war patrols in two submarines, Lieutenant Commander Kefauver, on one occasion while serving as navigator, maneuvered his ship into dangerous, shallow waters to destroy an enemy ship. On other activities he continually rendered invaluable assistance to his commanding officers, which resulted in the damaging of an important amount of hostile shipping. *Lt. Comdr. George W. Lautrup,Jr., USN, Yonkers, N. Y . : Efficiently operating the torpedo date computer and piloting his submarine through restricted enemy waters, Lieutenant Commander Lautrup, as executive officer and navigator, was of inestimable assistance to hiscommanding officer in sinking a large number of enemy ships. Lt. Comdr. Marion T. Martin (MC) USN, Memphis, Tenn.: To provide medical attention for wounded personnel being evacuated from Guadalcanal by air, Lieutenant Commander Martin initiated a service to care for casualties en route and voluntarily accompanied evacuees on numerous flights, through hostile skies in unarmed and unprotected transport planes. During frequent periods of heavy bombardment by Japanese warships, he worked his way across heavily-shelled areas to relieve suffering men (29 April to 12 November, 1942). *Lt. Comdr. George Philip, Jr., USN, Rapid City, S. D.: As executive officer and navigator of a warship in the Solomons from 10 January to 6 April 1943, Lieutenant Commander Philip displayed outstanding initiative in numerous operations againstJapaneseshore installations, aircraft, surface craftand submarines. Lt. Comdr. Edward D. Spruance, USN, Newport, R. I.: Through his outstanding ability in analyzing the torpedo problem, Lieutenant Commander Spruance, as assistant approach officer of a submarineduring prolonged successful activities against enemy shipping, was of inestimable service in sinkingfour hostile ships and damaging others. Lt. Comdr. James F. Standard (MC) USNR, Seattle, Wash.: While serving with a Marine aircraft wing at Guadalby Japanese canal during an attack forces on thenight of 13-14 October 1942, Lieutenant Commander Standard proceeded to the sick bay and led an ambulance through the shelled area in order to give aid to the wounded. To Lt. Comdr. Paul C. Stimson, USN, Santa Monica, Calif.;Lt. Comdr. Jud F. Yoho, USN, Portland, Ore., and Lt. . Herbert I. Mandel, USN, Brooklyn, N. Y : As submarine officers, they participated in extensive war patrols in Japanesecontrolled waters and calmly and efficiently performed their duties, thereby assisting materially in the destruction of considerable Japanese shipping. Lt. Comdr. Willis M. Thomas, USN, Fresno, Calif.: As commanding officer of a submarine, Lieutenant Commander Thomas inflicted severe damage on an aircraft carrier. His superb seamanship underfire was an inspiration to officers and crew. Lt. Comdr. Reuben T. Whitaker,USN, Hughes, Ark.: As commanding officer of submarine a during five patrols, Lieutenant Commander Whitaker car-

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

S A V E D SUB F R O MD I S A S T E R : Duncan C . McRae, Jr., C S M , USN,o f Denver, Colo., received the Silver Star Medal in ceremonies at Pearl Harbor f o r heroism on a submarine. W h e n he noticed that the conning tower hatch had been improperlyclosed andinrushing water endangered the ship, McRaefought his way to the tower and securely fastened the hatch.
ried on relentless search for enemy surface craft. On one patrol he attacked and sank a destroyer. Lt. Frank W. Allcorn, 111, USNR, Atlanta, Ga.: Despite thestrain of prolonged undersea operations in enemy waters, Lieutenant Allcorn performed his duties as torpedo data computer with courage operator on a submarine and efficiency during three extensive patrols. Lieut. Bruce G. Brackett, USNR, Seattle, Wash.(posthumously) : Piloting a patrol plane in hazardous night actions and under adverse flying conditions, Lieutenant Brackett, throughout twelve particularly furious engagements, assisted in vital offensive operations. Disregarding his own safety and in the face of heavy antiaircraft fire, he repeatedly illuminated evasive hostile targets (Solomon Islands, 16 December to 14 January 1942). *Lieut. James S. Bryant, USNR, Parkersburg, W.Va.:As diving officer during submarine operations, Lieutenant Byrant, by cleverly directing the depth control of his ship, made it possible to effect numerous undetected approaches to enemy craft. Through his outstanding ability, he assisted in the sinking of seven hostile ships, andin damaging others. *Lt. Victor S. Falk (MC) USN, Wauwatosa, Wis.: While serving with a Marine aircraft wing on Guadalcanal, Lieutenant Falk left his place of comparative safety and took an ambulance through intense enemy fire to pick up two injured officers and take them to the division hospital. Later he brought casualties in an ambulance to Henderson Field and accompanied them on a

"

plane to a base hospital (13-14 October

1942).

Lt. Theodore W. Marshall, USNR, JOplin, Mo.: Attached to Patrol Squadron 21 during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Lieutenant Marshall comandeered a truck and made repeated trips ferrying personnel to battle stations, although his vehicle was struck countless times by bomb fragments and machine-gun bullets. Despite his total inexperience with landplanes,he attemptedtoengage the invadersin a fighter plane but it was damaged in the take-off by Japanese fire. Lieutenant Marshall rusheda then to torpedo bomber, went into the air, and pursued the Japanese for 150 miles until a depleted fuel supply forced his return to the station. *Lieut. Thomas P. McGrath, USN, Tucson, Ariz.: I n a n exposed station, and, despite the intensity of machinegun opposition, Lieutenant McGrath, as "Official U. S. Navy Photograph. firstlieutenantanddamage officer Of a submarine, personally manned a maASSISTED S U R V I V O R S : Bruchinegunmaintaining itinaccurate ner W . Flowers, CPhM, U S N , and effective fire against the enemy. The occasion took place during a suro f Petersburg,Va.,wearsthe face engagementwith a n armedJapSilver Medal Star presented anese patrol vessel, in the course of one him recently f o r gallantry when of three successive war patrols. Lieuhis ship was sunk o f f Savo tenant McGraths cool, courageous conductdirectlycontributed tothetotal Isand. Picked up after spenddestruction and sinking of the hostile , ing ten hoursthe in water, ship. Flowers at onceresumedhis Lt. John L. Stockton, Jr. (DC) , USNR, Little Rock, Ark.: When Japanese naval first aid e f f o r t s in behalf o f inunits aircraft and started a vicious jured survivors and worked bombing attack on Guadalcanal on the continuously f o r 36 hours withnight of 13-14 October 1942, Lieutenant out rest. Stockton left a place safety and went of to the aid of a wounded officer about 40 yards away. Disregarding his own safety, umbus, Ohio: While in charge of the he assisted in removing the injured main power plant aboard a submarine officer and other casualties to a hospital. under attack, Machinist Schramm Lieut. John B. Williams, Jr., USN, maintained the engineering equipment diving officer in a in perfect readiness, and, by his courReno, Nev.: As attacks, age and calm leadership, contributed to submarine, during submerged Lieutenant Williams contributed dithe destruction of enemy shipping. rectly to the serious destruction and Andrew J. Beahm, CMM, USNR, Altasinking of enemy shipping by his skilldena, Calif.: When a shell from a shore ful depth control. batterystrucktheafter engine room *To Lt. (jg) Jesse A. Anderson, USNR, of his ship duringthe assault on French Roanoke, Va.; George L. Beak, S ~ C , Morocco, Beahm, who was in charge, USN, Wrentham, Mass.; and Donald E. and directed remained at his station Ball, F2c, USNR, San Antonio,Texas: the removal of those less seriously while servingaboard a landingbarge wounded than himself.Although sufin Northwest African waters .an enemy fering acutely, he supervised the securbombing plane made a low-level attack. ing of all machinery and continued to carryouthis duties until ordered to Although the craft was new .and there had beenno opportunityforgunnery abandon the engine room. practice, they operated the two 20-mm. *TO five enlisted crewmen of asubmachine guns with such skill that sev- marine: EarleJ. Blain, CRM, USN, Westeral hits were scored on the enemy field, Mass.; Orville B. Hoel, CMoMM, USN, Cambridge City, Ind.; Lawrence F. plane. FClc, USN, Jasper,Ind.; LOUiS Lt. (jg) A. Parker Bryant,USNR, Lake Teder, Worth, Fla.: As executive officer of P. Villano, PhMlc, USN, Fort Lee, N. J.; the PC-487 during an engagement with and HenryH.Schnell, MoMMZc, USN, Cresskill, N. J. a Japanese submarine, Lieutenant BryDuringfourconsecutivewarpatrols ant assisted commanding his officer theyperformed their duties with outduring a depth-charge attack, which forced the submarine to the surface, standing professional skill and excellent and later in ramming and sinking it. judgment, thereby centributing greatly to the success of the missions. Hetook charge of the damage-control party and supervised the shoring of Oliver J. Cameron, CEM, USN, EatonWhile charge in of the bulkheads, enabling the PC-487 to make ville, Wash.: main electric power plant and electrical port safely. *Lt. Frank (jg) H. Dean, Jr., USN, equipment ef a submarine in Japanese waters, Cameron kept his equipment in Washington, D. C.: While commanding a constant state of readiness, and a motor torpedo boat off the north therebycontributedtothe success of coast of New Guinea, Lieutenant Dean his ship in three war patrols. sanktenarmedand loadedJapanese landing barges, and either damaged or *To Jack B. Cravens, CEM, USN, San destroyed four others. Diego, Calif.; John H. Epps, CMoMM, *Machinist Karl Schramm, USN, ColUSN, Piedmont, S. C.; Kenneth L.

* *

Galesburg, Mich.: As crewmen of a submarine on three extensive war patrols, they efficiently performed their destroying a duties and assisted in large amount of enemy shipping. *To ten pharmacist's mates, for heroism during an attack by Japanese forces off Guadalcanal on the night of 13-14 October 1942: Vernon M. Floyd, CPhM, USN, Tchula, Miss.; Mark L. Shannon, CPhM, USN, Tahoka, Texas; Andrew P. Chitwood, Jr., PhMlc, USN, Fort Payne, Ala.;Lorin W. Healton,PhMlc, USNR, Riverside, Calif.; Joseph E. Holwager, PhMlc, USNR, Newcastle, Ind.; John H. Lee, PhMlc, USN, Los Angeles, Calif.; PhMlc, USNR, Benjamin G. Martin, MountVernon,Wash.; Jack E. Macklin, PhMlc, USN, Felton, Del.; Talmadge L.Weaver,PhMlc, USN, Atoka,Okla.; and Kenneth J. McMenimen, PhMlc, USNR, Los Angeles, Calif. When severalsalvos from Japanese warships fell short and explodedina bivouac area, these men voluntarily left their place of safety at the height of the action and helped extricate wounded officers from their shelter, which was buried mass under a of debris. carried They the injured on litterstothe sick bay bomb shelter, obtained blood plasma for them, and at dawn took them under fire to Henderson Field, where they were loaded into an ambulance plane. Earl E. Nave, CTM, USN, Bibsonville, Calif.: While serving aboard suba marine as chief of the boat, Nave per formed duties his in an outstanding manner during aggressive three and successful war patrols in enemy waters. By competent leadership and thorough knowledge of his ship, he rendered invaluable assistance to his commanding officer. Lawrence P. Poor, CBM, USN, Marblehead, Ill.: Attached to the uss Dallas during the occupation of French Morocco, Poor skillfully performed his duties inthe face of heavy gunfire asthe Dallas proceeded up the shallow Sebou River to the Port Lyautey airfield. The thorough training had he given his men proved invaluable during the perilous journey. *David W. Remley, CTM, USN, Batavia, Ohio: As leader of the torpedo crew in a submarine, and through his efficiency and maintenance of armament, Remley assisted in the sinking or damaging of a large amount of enemy shipping. *Nathan T.Cottom, Jr., GMlc, USN, his ship was Portland, When Ore.: badly crippled and set afire during a n engagement with a Japanese cruiser in the Solomons on 9 August 1942, Cottom, despite a painful fragment wound, personally removed heavy boxes of ammunitionfrom the burningchart house. He risked also his life by entering damaged compartments to check the condition of magazines, and greatly aided in bringing a fierce, spreading fire under control. Stanley F.Kline, EMlc, USNR, Graterford,Pa.(posthumously) : As a member of an anti-sabotagepartyaboard a British warship during entry into the port of Oran, Algeria, on 8 November 1942, Kline crawled through a small overhead hatchand wormed his way along the deckunder a hail of maUSN,

Page 54

a damaged compartment occupied by one of the boarding parties. Later, while loading clips for an automatic rifle which a chief petty officer was firing a ta n enemy destroyer, Kline was killed by the explosion from a nearby shell hit. *To Dana E. Linden, MoMMlc, USN, Portsmouth, Iowa; and Floyd A. Seyler, McMMlc, USNR, San Francisco, Calif.: After their ship, the PC-481, had ata hostile tacked and twice rammed submarine, sending her to the bottom, they took charge of adamage-control party and attempted to stop the flow of water through holes in the hull. They worked desperately in one compartment in waist-deep water, with the sea continuing to rise, until ordered to leave by their superior officer. They then assisted in closing off that compartment and shoring the adjacent bulkheads. Gardiner C. Paules, EMlc, USN, Huntington, W. Va.: During thesixth war patrol of his submarine, Paules, as first loader of the deck gun, loaded 85 rounds of ammunition inthe face of intense fire from an enemy tanker, which was attacked and destroyed. *To seven enlisted men from the uss Eberle who lost their lives while boarding a blockade runner on 10 March 1943: Merton B. Myers, MMlc, USN, Pocahontas, Iowa; Alex.M. Diachenko, WT2c, USN, Mansfield Depot, Conn.; Joseph E. H Metivier, Cox, USN, Plain. field, Conn.; Dennis J. Buckley, Flc, USN, Holyoke, Mass.; William J. Jones, Flc, USN, Belhaven, N. C.; Wilbur G. Davis, S ~ C , USNR, Traverse City, Mich.; and Carl W. Tinsman, S ~ C , USNR, Washington, D. C. They were killed by a sudden violent explosion as they were preparing to ascend the ladder of the blockade runner to assist in hazardous salvage operations. j $ Clyde W. Poppa, BMlc,"trs~, Minneapolis, Minn.: As gun captain of a three-inch gun in theuss Dallas during tlne occupation of French Morocco, Poppa displayed great bravery inthe support of Army raider troops. Effi ciency of the ship's battery played a large part in the capture of the Port Lyautey airfield. *Walter C. Wann,Jr., PhM2c, USN, Bullards, Ore. (posthumously) : During an engagement with Japanese forces in the Solomons on the night of 7 August 1942, Wann volunteered to cross the causeway between Gavutu and Tanambog0 Islands, knowing that it was under direct fire of enemy machine guns. He braved enemy fire in order to render aid and return casualties to the aid station, thereby helping save many lives. Walter B. Cobb, Cox,USN, Corbin, Ky. (posthumously) : Blown overboard as the result of a direct bomb hit on his warship, Cobb was rescued by another vessel. He immediately volunteered as first loader of a gun similar to the one of which he was captain on his own vessel. He stood regular watches and manned his new station during a torpedo and high-level bombing attack r the following day,untilhe was again thrown overboard by a direct hit.

blood, he allowed his comrades to help him to the dressing station (26 October 1942, South Pacific area). *Francis A. Kincaid, Cox, USN, Portsmouth, Va.: While serving asgunner aboard a cruiser during action against Japanese forces off Guadalcanal on 12 November 1942, Kincaid remained a t his 20-mm. machine gun despite serious face burns and brought down one enemy bomber in flames. *Thomas C. Beaty, GM3c, USNR, West Palm Beach, Fla.: When the merchant ship on which he was serving was fiercely attacked by enemy aircraft, Beaty rushed to an abandoned gun turretandstarted to tap outajammed 20-mm. shell. Knocked to the deck as the shell exploded, andingreatpain from three shrapnelwounds in his back, he concealed his injuries and continued to man otherguns and to encourage his comrades throughoutthe engagement. Two hours later, when the all clear sounded, Beaty was forced by intense suffering to admit his serious condition. Albert G. Millican, GM3c, USN, Portland, Ore.: While assistant gunner aboard a cruiser during action against Japanese forces off Guadalcanal on 12 November 1942, Millican manned his 20-mm. machine gun with skill and determination throughout the engagement, despite serious burns on his face. *Joseph R. Odum, Flc, USN, Jacksonvllle, Fla. (missing in action) : When the uss Meredith was sunk 30 by Japanese torpedo bombers on 15 October 1942, Odum held fast to his battle station andeffectively manned a 20-mm. machine despite gun, the order to abandon ship. With the decks awash he kept up apersistent blaze of fire againstJapaneseplanes which swept down for merciless strafing runs on helpless survivors. He was still firing his gun when the ship went down. j , Lewis E. Samuels, GM3c, USN, Draper, N.C.: When his ship, while covering landing operations on Guadalcanal on 1 February 1943, was fiercely attacked by eight dive bombers, Samuels, although painfully injured, stood by his 20-mm. gun in the midst of flying shell fragments, maintained and fire. The attack repelled, he received medical treatment; then, promptlyreturned to his battery to replenish ammunition supplies. Later, Samuels rendered invaluable assistance to theship's medical officers in the care and disposition of wounded. *To Joseph C. Tropea, GM3c, USNR, New Haven, Conn.; and Robert C. Tyler, Cox, USN, Tamaqua, Pa.: While serving aboard the uss Niagara in the

Lt. Comdr. Weldon L. Hamilton, USN, San Diego, Calif. (posthumously) : As commander of an air group in the Solomons from 29 April t o 5 June, 1943, Lieutenant Commander Hamilton personally led or accompanied his groups in eleven vital bombing missions. His airmanship and fighting spirit were responsible for severe damage inflicted upon enemy antiaircraft positions, searchlights, and surface vessels. *Lt. Comdr. George R. Henry, USN, Sonnette, Mont. (missing in action) : As flightleader of escort planes attached to a Marine aircraft group in the Solo-

-0fkial

C . S. h*avy Photograph.

F O U G H T O F F J A P PLANES: Lieut. C . E. Rodebaugh, U S N , of IMcKeesport, Pa., receives the Distinguished Flying Cross f r o m R e a rA d miral T . C . K i n k a i d , U S N , at a base in the Aleutians. Attacked by f o w Japanese fighters while his seaplanewas on station as resczic shipf o r A r m y forces assaulting Xiska: Lieut. Rodebaugh repulsed 25 attacks with only minor damage to his ship.

Page 55

pedobomber in an attack on a heavy in making two cruiser, he assisted hits and a probable third, despite poor visibility and very heavygunfire from the cruiser and three accompanying destroyers. The next day he took part in the bombing of an ammunition dump a t CapeEsperance,resulting in a terrific explosion (4-5 October 1942, 1943). *Lt. Comdr. Edward C. Outlaw, USN, British Solomons) Pensacola, Fla.: While flight leader of *BillieGoodell, AMM2c, USN, Bessegupner of a Patrol a fighter escort for bombing planes in mer, Ala.: While plane, Goodell sighted a surfaced subthe Solomons, LieutenantCommander marine a t a considOutlaw led his planes intenattacks erable distance and against- Japanese destroyers and positions a t Munda Point and Vila Planta- manned his gun for tion from 2 February to 6 March 1943. theattack. Climbpartly of his On 7 February, he and comrades shot ing out down three Zeros and drove off the the plane for more remainder,enablingour dive bombers effective fire, he raked the vessel, to complete their mission successfully. timing Lt. Leonard B. Smith, USN, Higgens- accurately his fire with the ville, Mo.: As a volunteer observer attached to the R.A.F. during a n aerial l a u n c h i n g of a depth charge atsearchfor the German pocket battleHis excepship Bismark on 26 May 1941, Liea- tack. tional v i g i l a n c e tenantSmithkept a vigilantlookout for seven before hours sightiqf the contributed tothe destrucBillie Goodell Prinz Eugene in thewater below. Thile complete tion of the U-boat. ascending into the clouds, hi% PBY plane was hit by shrapnel the *Benjamin M. Doggett, CAP, USN, Tuscaloosa, Ala. (missing in action) : As a hitherto unseen Bismark. Fortr:. hours thereafterLieutenantSmitb m d the pilot of TorpedoSquadron 8, Doggett Bis- and three other torpedo pilots attacked British crew remainedabwa:she mark and directed air m e . surface a Japanese heavy cruiser and three destroyers which were proceeding toward forces intheattack whir!; sankthe Guadalcanalon 4-5 October 1942. He German warship. scored one of the hits which sank the j Lt. (jg) Frederick W. Beidelman, Jr., , cruiser. Later, Doggett set off aterUSNR, Jacksonville, Fla.: As a diverific explosion in an ammunition dump bomber pilot in the Solomons on 4 Feba t Cape Esperance, plane but his ruary 1943, Lieutenant Beidelman participated in an attack on 20 Japanese crashed into the water while withdrawing from this action at a very low altidestroyersescorted by 20 to 30 Zerotypefighters,and scored a direct hit tude. on one of the rapidly maneuvering j , Joe B. Sheridan, ACOM, USN, Cantonement, Fla.: As control bomber in ships. the leading section of a torpedo squadR. Frazier, us+% *Lt. Claude (jg) i Newtonville, Mass.: In a flight agaihst ron, Sheridan, n the face of heavy antiforty hostile aircraft over the Russell aircraft fire, scored a direct hit on a islands, Lieutenant Frazier, serving with Japanese seaplane carrier, resulting in the destruction of the aircraft on deck a Marine aircraft group, attacked a formation of eight in a headlong dive, and the disabling of the vessel (at Salashot down the tail plane. Then, climb- maua and Lae, 10 March 1942). *Lewis M. Thompson, CAP, USN, San ing back into position, he struck again Diego, Calif.: As co-pilot of a patrol withsuchaccuracyastodestroyanplane during the rescue of survivors of other enemy plane. .. *kt. (jg) Francis X Timmes, U ~ N R , a torpedoed merchant ship, Thompson handled the engine throttles in close New York, N. Y . : As fighter pi1ot:attached to a Marine aircraft group i s t h e cooperation with the pilot to land t h e Solomons, LieutenantTimmes covgred plane in aroughanddangeroussea. After the 16 men and one woman had our bombers in eleven attacksagainst Munda Point and Vila Plantation been taken aboard, he aided in a safe groundinstallations, and particiflbted takeoff of the overloaded Dlane. . . .. inthreeotherattacks onlarge ..task forces of enemy destroyers. During one of these engagements with 20 t$ 30 Japanesefighters, he destroyed : two Zeros and refused to withdraw from,the conflict untilordered to do so bj, his squadron leader (2 February to 6 March j Comdr. John E. Lee, USN, San Diego, , 1943). Calif.: Duringa period of intenseac*Lt. (jg) James H. Waring, USNR, Japanese forces, Comthe tivity against Woodhaven, N.Y.: While defending mander (then Lieutenant Commander) Russell islands from a hostile air raid, ships by Lieutenant Waring, then an ensign, in Lee destroyed seven enemy into company with other members of his skillfully directinghissubmarine Marine aircraft group, was attacked by striking positions under extremely dangerous conditions. superior number of enemy aircraft. Al*Lt.Comdr.Raymond H. Bass, USN, though unable to discard his auxiliary fuel tank, he fearlessly engaged a Zero, Eagelette, Ark.: I n launchingtorpedo fightingwith suchdetermination that attacks onJapanese ships, Lieutenant officer the enemyplaneexploded in mid-air. CommanderBass,commanding of a submarine, sank three and severely Later the in action shot he down another enemy plane. damaged two of the enemy vessels. *Radio Electrician W. G ; Esders, USN, *To Lt. Comdr. Robert H. Close, USN, Rye, N. Y.; and Lt. Comdr. William Pensacola, Fla.: While serving in a tormons, Lieutenant Commander Henry participated daring nine attack in missions against enemy ground installations, and in two attacks on task forces of 20 and 18 destroyers.He led his fighters in repeated attacks against Zeros, and personally shot down two enemyplanes (2 February to 6 March

f3fis-11

vesselssecond and third patrols, they , displayed great technical knowledge and keen initiative in the performance of their duties, thereby contributing to the success of thevital missions assigned to this submarine. *Lt. Comdr. John J. Foote, USN, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Lieutenant Commander Footes admirable and thorough performance of duty as diving and engineering officer in a submarine contributed invaluable to the sinking of an important amount of enemy craft, and the damaging of a large hostile tanker. jr Lt Comdr. Blish C. Hills, USN, Troy Kans.: Showing superior practical knowledge and excellent judgment in performing numerous essential duties as executive officer, navigator andassistantfire control officer of a sub- :q marine, Lieutenant Commander Hills offered invaluable assistance in the destruction sinking and of considerable Japanese shipping. *Lt. Comdr. Arthur F. Pfister, USCGR, Queens, N. Y.:Asofficer in charge of the fireboat fleet during fire-fighting operations aboard a merchant vessel loaded with explosives, Lieutenant Commander Pfister skillfully directed the operations of three Coast Guard fireboats. He worked tirelessly for hours, contributing in large part topreventing an explosion which would have done incalculable damage to vessels and installations in New York Harbor (24 April 1943). *To three officers, serving aboard the uss Gudgeon, who displayed the highest traditions of the naval service in their unwavering courage and devotion to I duty: Lt. Comdr. Harmon B. Sherry, USN, LaMesa, Calif.; Lieut. Albert R. Strow, USN, Paducah, Ky., and Lt. (jg) George H. Penland, Jr., USNR, Dallas, Tex. *Lt. Comdr. William B. Sieglaff,;usN, Albert Minn.: Lea, Guiding his submarine into advantageous striking positions, Lieutenant Commander Sieglaff, destroyed several ships, enemy and completed his vital mission against the Japanese forces during a period of heavy activity, and under adverse conditions. Lt. Frank W. Bampton, USN, Tacoma, Wash.: As executive officer of the uss Wasmuth, with his ship broken in two, thestern gone andtheafter engineroom flodded during a storminthe AleutianIslands,LieutenantBampton led a damage-control partyintothe I rapidly filling engineroom and worked withhismentomaintain the buoyancy of theirstrickenship.Through his leadership, the Wasmuth remained afloat nearly four hours until another ship maneuvered alongside and rescued the entire crew without lossor injury (27 December 1942). A. Bobczynski, USN, *Lieut.Sigmund Lansing, Mich.: While attached to the uss Gudgeon in action against the Japanese,Lieutenant Bobczynskis courageous zeal and unwavering devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the service. *Lt. Don. C. Bowman, Jr., USNR, St. Louis, Mo.: During a submarine patrol in enemy waters, Lieutenant Bowmans excellentjudgment andabilityinthe solution of fire-controlproblems ren- r( dered inestimable assistanoe to his

Page 5G

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.,.

/,

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Lieut.Robsert L. Dcmton, USN,, MoatsLe, W . Va.: TakLing part in nlamerous Lieutentacks aaair1st hcatile ves:sels. 1 ant Dencon, as diving and damagecontrol officer aboard a submarine, contributed to the damaging or sinking of a large amount of enemy shipping. *To Lt. Robert L. Gurnee, USN, St. Paul, Minn.; and Lt. (jg) Robert G. Black, USNR, Gallatin, Mo. : During four patrols in enemy waters as officers of a submarine, they displayed courage and skill while performing duties their therebycontributing to the successful completion of important missions. *Lieut. William H. Kilgore, USNR, Villa Rica, Ga.: During four submarine war patrols, asassistanttorpedodata computer operator and operator of the plotting board, Lieutenant Kilgoreskillfully and cleverly assisted in obtaining quick analysis of fire-control problems, contributing to the success of his ship in inflicting heavydamage on enemy vessels. *Lieut. Paul E. Loustaunau, USN, San Antonio, Tex.: By his outstanding knowledge and performance of duty, Lieutenant Loustaunau, while serving aboard a submarine torpedo as data computeroperator and torpedo officer, assisted in the sinking of a considerable number of enemy vessels. *Lieut.Edward F. OBrien, Jr., USN, West Medford, Mass.: I n severalwar patrols enemy against forces, and under extremely hazardous circumstances, Lieutenant OBrien manned his battle station outstanding with professional skill, thereby rendering his commanding officer invaluable service in keeping his vessel in effective fighting condition. Lieut. Ralph P Pleatman, USNR, Cin. cinnati, Ohio: I n a surface engagement with a n enemy patrol vessel, and despite heavy Japanese machine-gun opposition, Lieutenant Pleatman, as torpedo and gunnery officer of asubmarine, manned a 20-mm. gun. I n an exposed position, he maintained accurate and effective fire, which finally resulted inthetotaldestructionand sinking of the enemy craft. W. Rush, Jr., USN, *Lieut. Charles Dothan, Ala.: In the face of grave hazards,LieutenantRushmaintained his submarine in perfect fighting condition, manned his battle station with skill, and rendered hisinvaluableservice to commanding officer. *Lieut.Roger N. Starks, USN, Hartford, Conn. (posthumously) : When the uss R-12 was lost a t sea,Lieutenant Starks, as navigator and second officer, disregarded his personal safety and stood at his directing post efforts to at save his ship. Although standing the only possible exit, he madeno effort to use it,althoughrealizing thatthe uncontrolled flooding of the ship placed him in grave danger. W. Styer, Jr., USN, *Lieut. Charles Coronado, Calif.: As assistant torpedo data computeroperator andassistant approach officer of a submarine on three war patrols, Lieutenant Styer displayed remarkable skill in analyzing fire-control problems, thus materially assisting in the damage of enemy vessels in eleven successfulattacks. .ouis M. Ricklards1on, USN, .Lt. ( In.: de ser-ving as chief orwicl Whi H NI and wa,tch cIfficer aboard of the

less, he continued his work which thorough knowledge and excellent perenabled the ship to continue her patrol formance of duty was of considerable andto inflict further damage on the assistance to his commanding officer in enemy. the sinking and damaging of a hostile Ens, William L. Sutherland, Jr., USNR, tanker,as well asalargeamount of Rexburg, Idaho: When the uss Kanaother enemy craft. wha was struck by bombs and set aflame, To Lt. (jg) Francis R. Sanborn, USNR, Ensign Sutherland observed the fire Traverse City, Mich.; and RexBeach, fromabeach and promptlycommanAMMlc, USN, Tulsa, Okla.: When their deered a boat on his own initiative and Navy bomber struck end the of the conductedavoluntaryrescue mission. runway at HendersonField and burst a point Maneuvering the to craft into flames, they remained in the blaz- hazardously close to the blazing tanker, ing wreckage, although cut and burned, he picked up thirty survivors of the to helprescue the unconsciousradiostricken vessel and returned them safely man-gunner.Theylaboredfrantically to the island. -. fortenminutesuntilthey freed the *Benjamin F. Allen, CMoMM, USN, man, dragged him clear and took cover San Diego, Calif.: When heavy seas in afoxhole to protect him from resmashed certain equipment on his peated explosions 128 February 1943). threeLt. (jg) James R. Wollenberg, USNR, submarine, Allen struggledfor to clear in darkness San Francisco, Calif.: During the res- quarters of an hour prevent the fouling the wreckage and cue of the crew of a stranded U. S. of his ships screws andstern plates. warship, Lieutenant Wollenberg maperil neuvered a power boat through moun- Although inimminent the surf, of being washed overboard by he pertainous seas, many narrowly times until voluntary task had escaping death, and personally rescued severed his been accomplished. ten of his shipmates. Ens. Philip R. Dering, USNR, Chicago, *Vesper E. Burks, CMoMM, USN, Stockton, Calif.: As chief petty officer Ill.: I n rescuing a woman from drowning in the waters off Ponte Vedra in charge of the engineroom of a subduring patrols, Burks Beach, Fla., 4 August 1943, Ensign marine seven showed exceptional ability and leaderDering braved the treacherous current an acciwhich had carried the victim far out, ship. Ononeoccasion,when main and with skill and perseverance against dent accurred to one of the Burks prompt and great odds brought her safely back to engines, effected efficient repairs, thereby insuring the the shore. j , Ens. Charles T. Harbin, USN, Denver, safety of his ship. *To Forest D. Hale, CMoMM, USN, Colo.: Protectedonly by afacemask, G. Hamlett, Aubrey EnsignHarbin,servingaboard a sub- Wahoo, Neb.; marine, voluntarily risked his life in CMoMM, USN, Naylor, Mo.; Charles E. Harmon, CEM, USN, Summerville, S. C.; entering treacherous, shark-infested waters to remove a fouled torpedo tube Paul Miller, CEM, USN, Kittery, Me.; gasket and install another. Fully aware Harold J. Rahner, CTM, USN, Brooklyn, that a sudden appearance of hostile N. Y . ; Chesley V. Severns,CCSt, USN, New Britain, Conn.;Roger I . Smith, ? surface vessels or aircraft during these operations would force his ship to sub- CEM, USN, Long Beach, Calif.; and merge immediately and leave him help- Joseph Struzynski, CMoMM, USN, Gales

a submarine,LieutenantRichardsons

T h e Hoist ( N T S , Strn Diego).

Out with it, you rat! Who wo1z the Army-Nauy game?
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Ferry, Conn. and Charles H. Home- aging of a vast amount of enemy shipping. wood, TMlc, USNR, Detroit, Mich.: Franciszek Ozga, CMoMM, USN, While serving aboardsubmarines on dangerous patrols in enemy waters, Northampton, Mass. : By maintaining perthey displayed courage and skill in the engineering equipment in a state of readiness for action, performing their duties, thereby con- petual tributing immeasurably to the success- Ozga, while serving aboard a submarine, directly assisted in damaging and sinkful completion of important missions. ing of much enemy shipping. *Richard R. J. Jaillet, CBM, USN, Elma G. Solomon, CEM, USN, Carbon Springfield, Mass.: After climbing Hill, Ala.: Serving aboard suba aboardflaming a rearming boat and marine onfour highly successful pafighting the blaze until it wasbeyond trols, Solomon performed his duties control, Jaillet dived overboard and thoroughly and efficiently,thereby rendsaved a drowning seaman by giving ering valuable assistance in the sinking him his life jacket. This occurred while ordamaging of an important amount he was attached to a warship engaged of Japanese shipping. in salvaging a tankerinthe Atlantic Frederick A. Widd, ACOM, USN, San Area. Jaillet was finally picked up after Diego, Calif.: While onfirewatch at swimming through gasoline-covered Border Field on 5 May 1941, Wide1 saw water, and, taking the stroke oar of the two men parachuting from a disabled rescue boat, preserved morale of the sea about 200 and 300 crew when the rearming boat exploded planeintothe yards off shore, at Imperial Beach, 40 yards away. Calif. He plunged into sea the and *Wilbur Lewellyn Jones, CMoMM, assisted the pilot to shore, thenatUSN, Compton, Calif.: Jones directly tempted to fight his way through the assisted in the damaging or sinking of surf to reach the other man, who was jacket. alarge amount of Japanese shipping floating unconscious in a life by maintaining the engineering equip- After four or five futile attempts,he was forced by exhaustion to return to ment of hissubmarine in aconstant the beach where he was given restorastate of readiness for action. tive treatment. *To two enlisted men for their heroic *Everett H. Almond, ARMlc, USN, endurance duringthe refloating of a Blackwell, Okla. (posthumously) : AS U. S. warship: Jack F. Martin, CSF, radioman-gunner of USNR; and Kenneth F. Tinsley, Mlc, a plane forced down USNR; both from Los Angeles, Calif. a t sea off theSaDespite gales, sub-freezing temperamoan Islands on 16 tures, snow and the threat air attack, of May 1943, Almond, Martin and Tinsley made repeated although s t un n e d underwater dives, when other divers by the impact of the were unable to stand the extreme cold. crash, e x t r i c a t e d In one day the men remained subthe pilot fromthe merged for periods totaling nine hours cockpit just a few a t a water temperature of36" F. seconds before the plane went down. *Frank Martini, CSM, USN, Belleville, He kept the injured Ill.: While serving as a special lookout flyer afloat,fastened aboard a submarine on war patrols, him to a life jacket Martini's strict attention to duty in loEverett Almond a n d administered H. cating and tracking enemy vessels reaid untiltheman sulted in the early sighting of distant they Japanese ships and in keeping contact regained consciousness. When with them for favorable attack position. were attacked by sharks, Almond attempted to remove his own life jacket *Arthur T. McArdle, ACMM, USN, and swim away so that sharks the Brooklyn, N. Y . : When a plane crashed might be diverted from the pilot. He after take-off and burst into flames on gallantly gave his life that another the outer fringe of the airfield, McArdle might live. discovered an unexploded 100-pound +Albert Berendt, MMlc, USN, Granite bomb in a pool of blazing oil. He unCity, 111.: While serving aboard the hesitatingIy removed the bomb and uss Lafley during rescue of survivors smothered it in a puddle of water and from the torpedoed uss Wasp, Berendt wet sand, then, although suffering from dived over the side of his inship second-degree burns, labored at the numerable times to swim considerable scene until ordered tothe dispensary distances with a line to rescue the sur(Naval Auxiliary Air Station, Jacksonvivors, most of whom were at the point ville, Fla., 31 July 1943). of exhaustion. While attachedto asubmarine in *Gene A. Coray, SFlc, USN, Payson, the Southwest Pacific, four enlisted Utah: When an injured man fell into men crossed rough seas from their ship the sea during the abandoning of the in a rubber boat, landed on a strange, uss Aaron Ward on 7 April 1943, Coray enemy-controlled island, and made pos- leaped from the auxiliary vessel on sible the resuce of twenty-eight stranded which he was serving and secured a men. Those cited were William N. Low, lifeline around the helpless man, who TM2c, USN, Detroit, Mich.; Raymond then was hauled aboard. As a result F. Foster, TMlc, USN, Talmadge, Calif.; of his action, Coray was forced away Ray J. McKenna, CTM, USN, Hardy, from. the rescue vessel by propeller Iowa; Irving W. Hornkohl, TM3c, USN, wash and for some time remained in Broomfield, Colo. the water, until saved by a boat searchi m for survivors. & Rex L. Murohv. CMoMM. USN. Honolulu, T. H.: Carrying out his duties in G:&'john Erem, QMlc, USN, Bell, Calif.: submarine engine rooms skillfully and During five successful patrols aboard accurately, Murphy, maintained the a submarine, Erem's skill and judgment engineering plants in a constant state were invaluable to his comamnding of preparedness, contributing to the officer in the sinking of an important success of his vessel in sinking or damamount of enemy shipping. Twice,

ing at his stationto clear and close the conning tower hatch, despite in- 1 ' rushing water. jr Guido Lapore, SClc, USN, Firestone, 1 Colo.: Noticing a battered and sink- 1 ing plane nearhisshipintheHal waiian area on 12 May 1943, Lapore jumped overboard and battled through heavy seas for 150 yards to one of the survivors. After giving him a life jacket, Lapore assisted two of his shipmates who were bringing in another injured survivor. *George W. Lytle, Cklc, USN, Knoxville, Tenn.: Rendering material assistance in sinking and damaging a considerable amount of enemy shipping, Lytle discharged his duties as petty officer of the forward battery compartment and first loader of the deck . I gun in a spirit which enhanced the fighting morale of theentire crew. f Leroy C. Morrow, BMlc, USNR, Green Hills, 0.: When Japanese planes dropped bombs near his motor torpedo boat base at Tulagi on the night of 5 March 1943, killing or injuring all officers, Morrow took charge of the remaining personnel and directed the efforts of his comrades in extinguishing the fires, thereby contributing to the saving of the base. *Irving L. Pate, RTlc, USNR, Bonners Ferry,Idaho: By his skill and accuracy in operating the special equipment under his care during three successful war patrols in enemy-controlled waters, Pate directly contributed to the destruction of a hostile destroyer. *Hoke Smith, MMlc, USNR, Miami, Fla.: Braving a strongcurrentatthe mouth of the river at Savannah Beach d on 16 August 1943, Smith swam through heavy surf and rescued one of two boys caught in the swirling currents. He was forced to release the second child in order to swim back t o the shore. Once there he administered artificial respiration to the surviving boy. *John W. Willis, Blc, USN, New Bern. N. C.: When one of his comrades from the uss Cascade fell over the side, Willis dived in and succeeded in getting the man aboard a whaleboat, despite the man's dazed and frantic ooposition. His quick actionundoubtedly saved the man's life (28 June

1943).

"

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*St. Delifield Boyd, MM2c, USNR, St. Louis, Mo.: Realizing that a civilian on top of the boom of a back hoe had fouled the high-tension wires and lost consciousness. Bovd ascended the boom, pulled the man free, and carried him down, therebysaving his life. (Naval Air Station, Barber's Point, T. H., 8 May 1943). *To two enlisted men in the uss Escanaba, Coast Guard cutter, whodied during successful rescue operations on a torpedoed ship in the North Atlantic: Warren T. Deyampert, StMZc, USCG, Pittsburgh, Pa., and Forrest 0. Rednour, SC2c, USCG, Chicago, Ill. Subjected to pounding seas and bitter cold, Deyampert and Rednour swam through black, icy waters on rescue missions for nearly four hours. Although faced with the manace of possible enemy submarine action, of being crushed between raftsandthe ship's side, or o f being struck by a propeller blade if the engines backed, q they continyed diving under the counter

;"

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Vernard M. Hier, PhMac, USN, Bristol, Vt.: Following a plane crash in the harbor of Noumea, New Caledonia, on the afternoon of 30 March 1943, Hier dived fromthe side of a rescue boat, swam totheinjured pilot, broke his desperate hold from tail the of the with him wrecked craft, started and toward the crash boat just as the plane took its final plunge. *Robert Q. Johnson, AMM2c, USN, San Diego, Calif.: When fighter a plane crashed and caught afire at the Naval Air Station, San Diego, on 8 December 1942, Johnson fought his way through an inferno of fire and smoke and removed the unconscious pilot from the blazing wreckage. *To John J. Murphy, PhMac, USNR, Malden, Mass.; Hugh D. Tiller, Flc, Lexington, Ga.; William E. Mulcare, SIC, USN, Concord, N. y.; and Donald R. Rooney, Slc, USNR, Thorndike, Mass.: When a gasoline explosion and raging fire occurred aboard a U. S. merchant vessel, they skillfully assisted in fighting the fire and in casting off the mooring lines so that the ship could be towed away, thereby preventing damage to shore establishments and other ships in the harbor.
USN,

To Robert H. Gross, Cox, USCG, Glendale, Calif.; and Russell M. Speck, Cox, USCG, South Gate, Calif.: As coxswains of power boats during the rescue of men from a stranded warship, they skillfully maneuvered their boats through mountainousseas which were breaking over the sinking ship and adjacent rocks and rescued 15 of their shipmates.
E. Hicks, GM3c, USN, *Wallace Merced, Calif.: Sightingthe survivors of a plane crash off the side of his ship, Hicks dived overboard and swam to a man near the wing of the wrecked plane. He gave the injured man a life jacket and succeeded, with the help of a comrade, in getting the survivor to the ship. He then returned and rescued another survivor. George W. Prichard, Cox, USCG, Loup City, Neb.: As coxswain of a power boat which was taking survivors from a stranded warship, Prichard maneuvered his boat through mountainous seas which were breaking heavily on board the sinking vessel, and personally rescued 15 of his shipmates. S. Vandeleur, SM3c, USCG, *John Portland, Oreg.: Refusing safety in a rescue boat, Vandeleur remained aboardrapidly his sinking ship to assist a helpless survivor. Later he supported the man until helparrived, thereby saving the life of a shipmate. *Marcel V. Viens, Cox, USNR, Turners Falls, Mass. (posthumously) : After witnessing an unsuccessful attempt to save a comrade trapped in a gas-filled compartment, Viens entered the compartment in which his unconscious shipmate lay and secured a line around him. Although finally overcome bv the

*Lt. Comdr. Edward W. Hessel, USN, Cincinnati, 0.: As a member of a Marine aircraft group in the Solomons, Mr. Hessel directed his flight of escort fighters in four missions against ground installations in and two attacks on enemy task forces of 18 and 20 destroyers protected by 20 to 30 Zeros. Once hefought his plane with such skill that he downed one Zero and assisted in dispersing the others (4-15 February 1943). Lamon E. Darby, PhoMlc, USNR, Lipan, Tex.: While attached to Aircraft, South Pacific Force, Darby participated in many flights over enemyheld territory and was successful in obtaining aerial reconnaissance photographs. He oftencarriedon this task while under fire from enemy planes andanti-aircraft guns. Florian G. Erickson, SIC,USNR, Bakersfield, Calif.: When an Army sergeant lost his footing while stepping from the ships deck to the dock platform and plunged into the sea, Erickson, with great presence of mind, dived approximately twelve feet into cold water; swam under the dock and between the piles to the drowning man and hauled him to safety.

Comdr. Charles E. Brunton, USN, Sonber, Calif.: As commander of a torped0 planesquadron inthe Solomons area from 3 February to 1 March 1943, Commander Brunton led his squadron in five successful attacks against Japanese installations a t Munda Point and the Kahili-Buin-Ballale area. His squadron inflicted severe damage and greatly weakened the enemys resistance in this area. *Lt. Comdr. Harold S. Bottomley, Jr., USN, Merchantville, N. J.: As commanding officer of a bombing squadron in the Solomons from 20 February to 10 March 1943, Lieutenant Commander Bottomley led his squadron in seven daring attacks on air bases a t Munda and Vila, and was largely instrumental in rendering these bases ineffective for use by the Japanese. *To Lt. Comdr. Robert W. Jackson; USN, Cleveland Heights,Ohio; and Lt. (jg) Robert R. Stalker, USNR, Framingham, Mass. (missing in action) : As members of a Marine aircraft group in the Solomons, they participated in attacks on ground installations and one attackagainst 18 destroyers protected by 20 to 30 Zeros. They assisted in dispersing the enemy fighters and Lieutenant Stalker shot downone. *To Lt. Comdr. Michael c . Maione, USNR, Syracuse, N. Y.;Lt. (jg) William H. Armstrong, USNR, Christchurch, Va.; and Lt. (jg) Thomas D. Roach, USNR, Bogata, Texas (missing in action) : As fighter pilots escorting our

bombers inthe Solomons area durlng February and March, 1943, they took Part in many raids on ground installations a t Munda Point and Vila Plantation. Their flight, while attacking a Japanese task force of 20 destroyers, dispersed 20 to 30 Zeros before they could impair the success of the mission. *To Lt. Comdr. Donald E. McKee, USN, Warrington, Fla.; Lt. Comdr. Ross E. Torkelson, USNR, Everest, Kans.; Lt. (jg) Roy B. Dalton, USNR, Arkadelphia, Ark.; Lt. (jg) Gerald Hogin, USNR, Modesto, Calif.: Lt. (jg) Charles C. Sanders, USNR, Roswell, N. M.; and Lt. (jg) Burt W. Sperry, USNR, Monroe, La.: Attached to a fighter escort group in the Solomons duringFebruary and March, 1943, they made many vigorous and successful raids on ground installations a t Munda Point and Vila Plantation. Later, they took partinanattack a on Japanesetask force of 20 destroyers and disrupted an opposing wave of Zeros. Lieutenant Commander McKee, Lieutenant Commander Torkelson, and Lieutenant Sperry each shot down one Zero. Lt. Comdr. William L. Richards, USN, Collingswood, N. J.: Leading a flight of six patrol bombers under extremely adverse flying conditions, Lieutenant Commander Richards pressed home a determined attack upon theJapanese air base at Nauru Island on the night of 26 March 1943. He successfully located the cloud hidden target and all planes returned safely to their base. Lt. Robert B. Hays, USNR, Kansas City, Kans.: As pilot of patrol a bomber, Lieutenant Hays flew during daylight to an enemy-held island near a strong Japanese air base and rescued six crew members of a Flying Fortress who were stranded among friendly natives. Lieut. John N. Myers, usN, Michigan City, Ind.: As commanding officer of a torpedo squadron the in Solomon islands area, 20 February to 10 March 1943, Lieutenant Myers courageously led hissquadron in five attacks upon enemy air bases a t Munda and Vila, and scored direct hits on numerous well-fortified installations. *Lt. Alva A. Simmons, USNR, Portales, N. M. (posthumously) : Braving heavy anti-aircraft opposition, Lieutenant Simmons participated in nineattacks on ground installations at Munda Point from 2 February to 3 March 1943. In an attack 4 February upon a Japanese task force of twenty destroyers escorted by 20 to 30 fighters, he assisted in repulsing the enemy. *Lieut. James H. Smith, Jr., USN, South Weymouth, Mass.: Realizing that the impending darkness would lessen the chance of saving seven survivors on a rubber raft, Lieutenant Smith, piloting a patrol plane in the Hawaiian Area, landed his plane despite a heavy sea; effected the rescue, and took off without injury toplaneor personnel. *Lt. Robert E. Sorensen, USNR, Chicago, Ill.: While escorting our bombers ona mission against 18 Japanese destroyers on 4 February 1943, Lieutenant Sorensen was attacked by four Zeros. Fighting desperately against tremendous odds, he destroyed one Japanese plane before his own was shot down. He was rescued from the sea by natives

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and subsequentlyreturned to Cuadaicanal. Lieut. (jg) Earl B. Abrams, USNR, Clinton, Conn.: As second pilot of a patrolplanewhichengagedasubmarine, Lieutenant Abrams assisted the pilot duringamachinegun anddepth charge attack, despite determined antiaircraft fire from the enemy ship. His cooperation contributed to her probable sinking. *Lieut. (jg) Ralph W. Burns, USNR, Marlboro, Mass. (missing inaction) : While participatinga in glidebombon hostile submarines in ing attack during the occuCasablance Harbor pation of French Morocco, Lieutenant Burns bravedintenseantiaircraft fire to score either hits or near misses. On "Official U. S. Navy Photograph. another mission he assisted in attacking and probably sinking a U-boat 8-11 R E S C U E D S U R V I V O R S : November 1942. Rear Admiral I. C . Sowell, *.Lieut. (jg) Patsy Capano, USNR, Fall U S N , commandant the of Rlver, Mass.: During the occupation of Naval Operating BerBase, French Morocco, Lieutenant Capano muda, presents the Air Medal delivered a determined bombing attack on a n enemy battleship in Casablanca to Lieut. August A . Barthes, Harbor 8-11 November 1942 although USNR, iloxi, iss. fter B M A opposed by heavy antiaircraft fire from the Battle o f M i d w a y ,L i e u f . both land and sea. Barthes twice landed his heav*Lieut. (jg)Paul E. Coughlin, USNR, ily loaded PBY-5 plane in the Edina, Mo.: As pilot of a plane attached to a warshipduring the occuopen sea and rescued four surpation 8-11 November 1942 of French vivors from one o f our aircraft Morocco, Lieutenant Coughlin attacked carriers. a submarine dropped depth and his charge- such with accuracy thatthe enemy craft was severely damaged and anti-aircraft opposition and personally installawas beached by her crew to avoid sink- scored hits on vital ground tions. ing. *Lieut. (jg) Leland E. Dobberstein, *Lt. (jg) William H. Leder, USNR, Woodinville, Wash.: As a member of a USNR, New London, Wis.: As navigator of squadron in Battle the and gunner of a patrol plane during an fighting Leder attack on Japanese ships in Kiska Har- Santa CruzIslands,Lieutenant bor, Lieutenant Dobberstein assisted in destroyed one plane, and probably anWhile covering his carrier he determined dive-bombing and strafing. other. a As he pulled out in the clear at a very assisted in shooting down patrol which low altitude, his plane was subjected to bomber With was shadowing a friendly force. three other pilots on withering gunfire and pierced by shrap- January 1943, LieutenantLederinter- 30 nel and lighter caliber projectiles. cepted bomber en*Lieut.(jg) William R. Doerr, USNR, gaged a Japanese torpedoour forces and in reconnoitering Chicago, Ill.: Despite high winds, snow, shot it down in flamesina running rain and fog, Lieutenant Doerr piloted fight a t 300 milesperhour. his patrol plane on hazardous scouting *Lt. (jg) Don D. Lurvey, USN, San missions, all-night aerial patrols, and Diego, Calif.: Upon interception of a launched repeated bombing attacks radio message informing him of the June 1942 on Japanese ships in Kiska crash of a TBF plane, Lieutenant LurHarbor in the face of tremendous antivey, piloting a PBY-5, landed his craft aircraft fire and fierce fighteropposiin the open sea, and, despite heavy tion. swells, rescued the three survivors. (jg) L. McClintock, Jr., Lt. (jg) William L. Dodd, USNR, *Lt. Ernest USNR, Asheville, N. C.: As a fighter Marion, Ill.: Attached to a Marine airto craft group in the Solomons from 2 to pilot attached a Marine aircraft group in the Solomons, Lieutenant Mc20 February 1943, Lieutenant Dodd took Clintock participatedfour in daring part in nine daring attacks against ground installations at Munda Point attacks againstshore installations a t and Vila Plantations and in two attack Munda Pointand Vila Plantation between 4 and 20 February 1943. He also missions against large forces task of enemy destroyers. Opposed on one took part in two attacks on a Japanese task force 6f from 16 to 20 destroyers occasion by 20 to 30 Japanese fighters, he personally destroyed one of the escorted by 20 to 30 Zeros, and helped Zeros. down five planes. *Lieut. (jg) Gilbert F. Peglow, USNR, *To four dive-bomber pilots foracoption against Japanese forces in the Monona,Iowa:Althoughstrongly by antiaircraftfire,Lieutenant Solomons area from 20 February to 10 posed March 1943: Lt. (jg) Clarence B. Gregg, Peglow made two attacks on enemy vessels in CasablancaHarborduring the USNR, Elgin, Olrla.; Lt. (jg) Gordon L. Kennedy, USNR, Costilla, N. M.; Lt. (jg) invasion of French Morocco 8-11 November 1942 and obtained a direct hit George B. Nixon, USNR, Oakland, Calif.; and Lt. (jg) Frank E. Standring, USNR, and several near-misses on a battleship and a heavy cruiser. WichitaFalls,Texas. TheyparticipatedinnumerousdarLt. (jg) Hubert A. Perry, USNR, Oaking attacks against enemy air bases at land, Calif.: As pilot of a scout-obMunda and Vila in the face of heavy servation to the uss plane attached

'

Relena, Lieutenant Perry sighted a SUYfacedsubmarinewhichsubmerged.in position to attackour task force. He immediately dropped a bomb in thesubmarine's wake and directed a destroyer in an attack which resulted in the subsequent destruction of the submarine. *Lieut. (jg) Wallace I. Pierce, USNR, South Wellfleet, Mass.: As navigator of apatrolplane in an actionagainst an enemy submarine, Lieutenant Pierce rendered valuable assistance to the Pilot, in the face of persistent antiaircraft fire from the U-boat, and obtained excellent photographs showing men, oil, and debriswhere the submarine had disappeared. ALieut. (jg) Thomas A. Ruth, USNR, Jackson, Minn. (missing action) in : While serving with a naval aircraft group in the Solomons during February 1943 Lieutenant Ruth. participated in five successful attacks 0 1 Jap1 anese ground installations a t Munda Point and uponalargetaskforce of enemy destroyers. Lt. (jg) George J. Seel, USNR, Maplewood, N. J.: During aerial flight action over Russell island, 1 April, 1943, Lieutenant Seel engaged in vigorous attacks on hostile aircraft and with an accurate burst of head-on fire sent one Zero exploding into the sea; trailing another, he scoredseveral direct hits and sent it down in a fatal dive. Lt. (jg) Alfred A. Simmons, USNR, Portales, N.Mex.: As pilot of a fighter escort for bombing planes during nine attacks against enemy ground installations, LieutenantSimmons,on one of these attacks, participated in an engagementwith 20 to 30 Zero fighters. In the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire, and greatly outnumbered, he helped disperse the enemy. j , Lieut. (jg) William C. Smith, USNR, Sulphur Springs, Tex.: As a member of a flight of fighters escorting our bombers, Lieutenant Smith took part in seven attack missions against ground installations at Munda Point and against a task force of Japanese destroyers. On 12 February 1943 he escorteda Catalina flying boatonarescuemission, guarding the boat for 55 minutes from enemy fighter planes based nearby. Lt. (jg) Willard Sweetman, Jr., USNR, Wilmington, Del.: When division his of a Marine aircraft wing was attacked by numericallysuperiorenemy forces, LieutenantSweetman'splane was hit by a shell which set it afire and shot away the right aileron and throttle controls. Despite serious wounds, he withdrew from the action and returned his damaged plane to his base. *Lt. (jg) Frederick D. Swope, USN, Reading, Pa.: Lieutenant Swope, pilot of a J2F-1 typeairplane,onasearch mission for a n Army plane which had crash-landed off the island of Oahu, 13 April 1943, landed his plane on the heavy swells of the sea and rescued the pilot. Lt. (jg) Thomas T. Tavernetti, USNR, Berkeley, Calif.: Leading a four-plane division of fighters on patrol over New Georgia, Lieutenant Tavernetti encountered a hostile air force preparing toattack American vessels. Climbing toward the bombers, although outnumbered six to one, he pressedhome a n attack with such deadly aggressiveness thatthe enemy was forced to break formation, jettison bombs and flee.

pouring from its fuselage. (Occupation of French Morocco8-11Nov. 1942.) *To four crewmen of a patrol plane which destroyed a U-boat inthe Atlantic shipping lanes. By skillfully carrying out their duties, they enabled the pilot to swoop down from behind a cloud cover to release depth charges on the surfaced craft and rakeit with machine-gunfire: Earl w. Luck, ARCM, USN, Elkton, Ky.; Robert B. Stamps, ACMM, USN, Birmingham, Ala.; Sydney B. Hale, A " l c , USN, Woodland, Ga.; and Daniel W. Dupree, ARM2c, USNR, Bktnchard, La. To six enlisted men who Darticipated in a glide-bombing attack-on hostile forces in the Casablanca Harbor in the face of intense antiaircraft fire during the assault on French Morocco: Louis S. Mattocks, CCM, USN, Clarks Mills, Pa.; Whitney H. Kennedy, ARMlc, USNR, Sacramento, Calif.; William H. Morton, Jr., AOMlc, USN, Julian, Calif.; Robert C. Steadman, "Official U. S. Navy Photographs. ARMlc, USNR, Lansing, Mich.; Eugene H E R O E S OF A L E U T I A N C A M P A I G N : Ens. Donald J . Murray, W. Zepht, AMMlc, USN, Baltimore, USNR, left, Monticello, Minn., and Earl W . Flint, Jr., A M M l c , Md.; and Ernest E. Ojeda, AMM2c, USNR, Stockton, Calif. USN, Atlanta, Ga., receive the Air Medal from Rear Admiral *Paul ACRM, USN, T . C . Kinkaid, USN, an air base in the Aleutian Islands. at In a Chariton,A. McKinley, performance of Iowa: By his patrolplane on stationasarescueship,theyhelpedrepelair vital tasks, McKinley was of invaluable attacks on Kiska on 30 December 1942. Afewdayslaterthey service to his pilot during strafing attacks on hostile landing barges, and sighted a Japanese freight'er and kept in contact with it for four assisted in directing the fire of a hours until bombers arrived and sank the ship. bombardment group upon enemy positions on Guadalcanal. His accurate Shortly afterward, an in engagement out of action. By his skillful evasive spottingfor one of our destroyers, in with Zeros, he sent a fierce burst into tactics and firecontrol he' forced the ' a n engagement with Japanese four one, then shot another off the tail of Japs to break off and flee. transports, contributed tothe success his wingman, driving it down in flames To nineteenphotographers mates: of the mission. (Solomons area, 13 July 1942). William W. Collier, CPhoM, USN, Long Charles C. Moore, ACMM, USN, MorEns. R: P. Balenti, USNR, Altus, Okla.: Beach, Calif.; Paul M. King, CPhoM, enci, Ariz.: As a patrol plane captain While ona two-plane search of New USNR, Norwalk, Calif.; Jack B Kemin the Aleutian Islands campaign, 10-20 Georgia Island, Ensign Balenti was at- merer, CPhoM, USN, Parson, Kans.; June 1942, Moore skillfully assisted in tacked by four enemy planes. Although William H. Hickey, CPhoM, USN, Long dive-bombing and attacks strafing wounded in the thigh, he got his plane Island, N. Y. (missing in action) ; John against ships in Kiska Harbor. His back to Henderson Field and continued E. Youngman, PhoMlc, USNR, Holly- plane was subjected to withering antion active duty, participating in attacks wood, CalXf.; John R Olsen,.PhoMlc, aircraft~ from ship and shore batfire a few days later on six transports and USNR, Salt Lake City, Utah; Gerald L. teries and pierced by shrapnel. ten destroyers (8-14 October 1942). *Maurice C. Tinsley, ARMlc, USN, Smith, PhoMlc,USN, Wolf Point, Mont.; *Ens. Roy BaleDalton, USNR, Arka- Harold E. Davis, PhoMlc, USN, Oroville, Huntington, W. Va.: As a rearturret delphia, Ark.: In five attack missions Calif.; William L. Kinch, PhoMlc, USNR, gunner of a PBY plane during a dayat Munda Pointand Vila plantation, Elizabethton, Tenn.;John T.Croften, lightraid on Japtask forces, PhoMlc, USNR, Memphis, Tenn.; Eugene and two attacks against I anese forces in the encountered heavy L. Ennis, PhoMlc, USN, Erwin, N. C.; Shortland area on Ensign Dalton, enemy resistance, contributed but to Leland R. Kofoed, PhoMlc, USN, Eau 14 February 1943, the dispersal of Jap planes before they Claire, Wis.; Robert A. Jones, PhoMac, Tinsley clung grimly could impair the success of our mis- USNR, St. Louis, MO.; William A. BlOdto his battle station sions. after anti-aircraft gett, Jr., PhoMac, USN, Amity, Mo.; Val*Ens. Dayle W. Vaughan, USNR, New entine E. Henn, PhoMac, USN, New fire ripped through Orleans, La.: In the face of tremendous Brighton, Pa.; John J. Helmick, PhoMthe turret,~ ~ . ~.~ . " started antiaircraft fire, Ensign Vaughan, as 2c, USNR, Los Angeles, Calif.; Robert E. 2. raging fire, and one of the fighter pilots escorting McCracken, PhoMac, USNR, Fargo, N. D.; .-mmed both guns. bombers in the Solomons, took part in Frank E. Rice, PhoMac, USNR, Los AnDespite severe favigorous raids on Munda Point. Later, geles, Calif. (missing inaction) ; and cia1 wounds and in a flight attacking a Japanesetask aartial blindness, he -~~ William J. Kolozy, he contributed tothe destruc- Brunswick, N. J.: PhoMac,, USN, New completely extinforce, tion of seven Zeros. guished the blaze *Machinist Ray G. Drummond, USNR, While serving with Commander Air- Maurice C. Tinsley and repaired one of Peoria, Ill.: As bombardier and gunner craft,South Pacific Force, they took the guns, enablinp h i m-, h77 :?termittent of a plane during the assault on French partin numerous flights over enemy fire. to reDel SLibseauent attacks by Morocco, 8-11 November 1943, Mr. territory and successfully obtained re- Japanese fiihters. Drummond, then an electrician's mate connaissance photographs, many times *To four bomber-gunners of planes first class, took part in a glide bomb- while under fire from Japanese planes engaged in the assault on French They also gave as- Morocco. George C. Abatsis, AMMlc, ing, inthe face of heavy antiaircraft andantiaircraft. sistance in repelling enemy attacks. fire, which resulted inthe sinking of USN, Marlborough, Mass.; Arthur C. *Thomas R. Griffith, ACMM, USN, Anderson, AOMlc, USNR, Avon, Conn.; an enemy submarine. *Flying Officer G. E. Gudsell, Royal Roundup, Mont.: When his spotting Ralph Hofinger, AOMlc, USNR, New New Zealand Air Force: While piloting plane was engaged by a faster hostile York City; and Henry J. Iannuzzi, fighter craft,Griffith, acting as observer AMMlc, USN, Medford, Mass. areconnaissance bomber southwest of and free machine gunner, unflinchingly Vella Lavella on 21 November 1942, FlyThey performed their tasks courageing Officer Gudsell sighted a hostile accepted the challenge, remained steadously during a glide bombing attack task force. After relaying a report of it fast at his post and with a deadly burst against hostile forces in Casablanca from his weapon sent the opposing Harbor in the face of intense antito his 1:lase, he mras attackt:d b y I plane plunging earthward with smoke aircraft fire. Z :TO$ Wrho blasl;ed l;he 1;op turret f

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Letters to the Editor

(Continued from Page 36)
Navy ensign on shore patrol would naturally have broken up the fight.. R. W. R , CSK., USN.
Answer: Correct. But the question was: Who was responsible? and JAG 150, Subsection 4 , o f quotes Article Navy Re,gulations as governing: the senior officer of the line present is responsible. TO THE EDITOR:

show the pronunciation of ch as soft ratherthan hard-as thoughit were the sh in sheet rather than the ick in flicker. I would appreciate a note on this pronunciation as it has been my understanding that this is used by a very small percentage of Germans.-F. C. F., Jr., Lieut., USNR. Answer:The sound of the German consonantal group ch is difficult f o r
English-speaking people since do we not have in our languuge an exact equivalent. The German sound is a fricative, a sound made by the breat,h passing between the blade o f the tongue and the pahte. This sound is never ick as in flicker. I n dialects it is ish asin swish and consequently thebetterEnglish equivalent is the sh sound, common to both languages. In approximating this German sound, the Bulletins list used not one but two methods. The German word ich wasrepresented a s ish but the similar appearing Germun word sich was represented aszikh, the varying nature of these words calling f o r a similar variation in their phoneticalrepresentation.

Answer: The school is open to both Navy and Coast Guard officers. Coast Guard applications should be submitted to CoastGuard Headquarters, Washington, D. C. Among requirements f o r admission w e a college degree and experience in responsibleadministrative or personnel types of work. To THE EDITOR:

Are general line officers of the USCGR eligible for admittance to the Navy School of Military Government and Administration at Columbia University?Whatarethe admission requirements?J. W. G., Ensign, USCGR.

it along to the Editor.)

The braid on the crown of a marine officers hat is a tradition handed down from the early days of the corps. On boarding parties, marines were known t o have tied short lines on their hat? o r helmets, both as protection a against saber blows on the head and as a means o f identification in handto-hand fighting. First mention of braid for marine hats is contained in uniformregulations of 1859. ( I f you have a new or different version, send

New Books in Ships Libraries

The following books have been purchased fordistribution,althoughnot all titles will be supplied to all units. Practice of BuPers is t o distribute differenttitles to smallunitsoperating in the same area so that there can be an exchange between units. Request may be made t o the Bureau, if desired titles are not received.
basketball, boxing and wrestling. TUSSIE byJesseStuart. Happenings Vittie when collects her soldier-husbands life insurance and moves into a real house. OUR NAVY -A FIGHTING TEAM by Vice AdK. Taussig. USN (Ret.) miral Joseph F. Cope, USN. DeandCaptainHarley scribes-indetailthefunction,purpose, and mission of each type of ship in our navy. GUNNERS GET GLORY by Lloyd Wendt: Lieut. Robert Berrys account of experienceswiththeArmedGuardcrews of theNavy.
NAVAL AVIATION P H Y S I C A L T R A I N I N G MANUALS. Threeseparatemanualscovering

Answer: The sergeant is right and t h e INFORMATION BULLETIN a s w wrong; in the March issue the ribbons f o r thetwomedals weretransposed. In th,e reprint of this material as the Sum,mary of Regulations Governing the Issuance and Wearing of Decorations, Medals and Ribbons Now Designated for Naval Personnel, this error was corrected. TO THE EDITOR:

Were the Sampson Medal Ribbon andthe Marine Corps Good Conduct Ribbon (INFORMATION UL L E T I N , B March 1943) reversed ? The Sampson Medal ribbon as shown is identical t o the Marine Corps Good Conduct ribbon E W., . which was issued to me.-J. MTSgt. USMC.

I
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Answers to Quiz on Page 47

1 B y custom they dive. . 2. Cirrus clouds, portending wind.

TAPS FOR PRIVATE

3. Byancientsuperstition,firing of a n odd number of gunsisconsideredlucky. In the olden days an even number of guns were fired when the captain or master gun. .. . ner died during a voyage. 4. Famous old ships and important battles and past present. (Escort auxilor iary carriers are named for bays, islands.) 5. Situation normal: all fouled UP.

I 6.8 class. . In your short list of German words 8. 1937. common BULLETIN, 9. By andphrases (INFORMATION the Scandinavian October 1943, pages 33 and 34) you a ship and/or the

7. Toward the top one a U. S sub of the Underneath is a Jap sub of the fleet type.
internationalese from word schiffe meaning Dutch word %chipper! It appeared in print i n
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Which Travels Fastest?

(Answers to puzzle on page 43)

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meaning cautain.
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Hospital Hi-Lites Hospital). Naval

(Aiea Heights,~ H., T.

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men aboardthe uss Somers werehangedfor consuiracy t o mutiny.) . . 11. Left to right: Rear Admiral Ross T. McIntire, BuMed; Admiral USN, Rear D.C. Ramsey, USN, BuAer : Rear Admiral E. L. Cochrane, uSN, BuShips. 12. To smother flame. Carbon dioxide can extinguish a n engine fire on a bomber in fiveseconds,eveninfullflight. 13. I n July, 1775. by George Washington. 14. At Fort Benning Ga. Members of the 505th Battalion s$w the movie Geronimo the n k h t before they made them jump, started yelling the word in a ! manner. (The purpose hi-yo, Silver of this or any yell is to relieve pressure in the ears from the fall and to relieve nervous tension.) 15. Magneticnorth. 16. Morered.(Seven red,sixwhite.) 17. The South Dakota. 1% (1) Landine vehicle-personcraft. n e i l ( 2 ) landing craft, rubber (small) : ( 3 ) landing craft, mechanized: ( 4 ) landing ; (5) landing vehicle, tracked (armored) craft, control. 1 9 . A newly-developed radio portable with an hour glass shape.

No. 1, who saw the smoke, knew of it first; No. 3, who heard the report, second, and No. 2, who saw the shel! strike, (Light faster third. travels than sound and sound fasterthan a shell.)

first-

nlainsheet

(NE, Bainbridge, Md.).

Would you boys care to join us? Page 62

HOW AND WHEN YOU MAY VOTE

Although proposals are now pending before the Congress to amend the existing Federal servicemen's voting law (Act of 16 September 1942, Public Law 712, 77th Congress, the "Ramsay Act"), the nature of any amendment that maybe enacted and the date of any such amendment are at present uncertain. In accordance with the policy of the Navy Department of assisting and encouraging members of thenavalservice to vote in any election in which they are eligible to vote, where practicable compatible military and with operations, in and view of thefact that PublicLaw 712 ispresentlyeffective, BuPers Circlet No. 95-43 is digested below as information in connection with state primarieswhich will the several be held during 1944 in states : In time of war, notwithstanding any provision of state law relating to the registration of qualified voters, and withoutpayment of any poll tax o r other tax o r makinganyotherpayment to any state o r political subdivision thereof, members of the land and naval forces of the United States, includingmembers of the ArmyNurse Corps, the Navy Nurse Corps, the Women's Navy Reserve, and the Women's Army Corps, absent from their usual place of residence, and who are o r were eligible to register for and are qualified to vote at any election under the law of the state of their residence, are entitled to vote for electors of Presidentand Vice President of the United States, United States Senators, and Representatives in Congress. Persons in the above categories may also vote, provided the state legislature o f the state shall have authorized it, for candidates for state, county and other local offices, andwithrespecttoany proposed amendment to the state constitution o r any proposition o r question which is to be submitted to a vote in the state. IF THERE BEEN HAS ANY CHANGE ADDRESS IN SINCE SUBMISSION OF THE POST CARD APPLICATION, PERSONS WHO DESIRE TO VOTE MUST INFORM THE APPROPRIATE STATE OFFICIALS OF THEIR NEW ADDRESS. On this page is a sample of a 3" x 5" post card which was distributed to thenavalservicein 1943 to be used in requesting a n absenteeballot.Any of these remaining cards on hand should be used in connection with the 1944 elections and reproduction, in letter form o r otherpracticalmeans, of thiscardis permissible whencircumstances warrant. In order to cast his ballot a person must: ( 1 ) Apply tohis commanding officer for post card; fill in and sign card (card must be certified by a compost missioned officer) ; mail card, postage to free,Secretary of home state and ( 2 ) upon receipt of war ballot, executeaccordance in with instructions accompanying ballot and t o Secretary of return,postagefree, hope state. The oath may be executed by any commissioned officer of the
Date Secretary of State o f . . . . . . . . . . : Being on activedutyinthearmed forces of theUnitedStatesanddesiring vote the to in coming election, I hereby apply for an official war ballot. MY home address is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of . . . . . . in thecity..town.orvillage . . . . . . . . ., in the county of . . . . . . . . . in the State of ......... ., and my voting districtorprecincttothebest of my knowledge is ......... I desire that the ballot be sent to me at the follow: ....................... ing address
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(Print or type here) Signaturecertified by :

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missioned officer)

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of the postcard.
FREE (OfficialWar Ballot)

Secretary of State of

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Navy, MarineCorps o r Coast Guard. Anypersonnotelectingto vote in accordance with the provisions of Public Law 712 may vote inaccordance with the absentee balloting statute of his state in all elections at which absenteevoting is permitted, whenever of practicable. It isnottheprivilege the commanding officer o r anyother officer to determine who is o r was eligible to register for andvote at any election, as the determination of these qualifications rests with the competent election officials. All personsauin thority must scrupulously avoid advisingany personinthenaval service that he should o r should not vote or offering advice as tothemannerin which he should vote.
I N VIEW O F T H E POSSIBLE CHANGES IN HE T ABOVE PROCEDURES, AS INDICATED I N H E T OPENING PARAGRAPH, ALL PERSONS WHO DESIRE TO AVAIL THEMSELVES O F T H E PRIVILEGE O F VOTING SHOULD R E F E R TO.THIS BULLETINEACH MONTH FOR INFORMATION AS

TO NEW PROCEDURES.

Page 63

Subsistence Allowance Increased 30c a Day

Cash allowance in lieu of subsistence in kind for enlisted men has been increased by 30 centsa dayto total $1.80, effective 1 November, in most localities where the men are not furnishedrationsin kind andwhere government messing facilities are not furnished. The continental United States the and Canal Zone arethe principal areas in which the increase is effectivc. (Details in N. D. Bul. [semi-monthly], of 1 November 1943, R-1543.)

Retired Reserve Oficers Active DutyT o Get Uniform Gratuity

on

A recent amendment (Public Law No. 171) to the Naval Reserve Act provides for payment of a $250 uniform gratuity to commissioned and warrant officers of the Naval Reserve honorary retired list, when they are recalled to activeduty. Naval Reserve retired officers who have been ordered t o active duty since 8 September 1939 and who have not. been paidsuch uniformgratuity may make application by submitting a uniform gratuity voucher direct to Retainer Pay Division, BuSandA, Cleveland, Ohio. Any uniform gratuity paid an officer within the four yearsimmediately preceding his recall to active duty will be deducted from the $250 allowance.

Acceptance of Gratuities Contrary to Regulations

The Navy Department has been informed that in certain instances gifts of money fromforeign governments, their agents, or commercial firms have been forwarded to naval personnel assigned t o Armed Guard duty on merchant vessels. is Acceptance of such gratuities considered contrary to the customs and traditions of the naval service. Hereafter any such gratuities must be returned t o donors with a statement that acceptance is not permitted under existing Navy regulations. (Detailsin N.D. Bul. [semi-monthly], of 1 November 1943, R-1522.)

Qualifications for specialist (G) , aviation free gunnery instructor, have been approved. qualifications These were published intheNavyDepartment Bulletin (semi-monthly) for 15 November 1943, R-1595.

Qualifications For Specialist ( G ) Approved

Public Law 183, approved on 9 November 1943, provides for one captain in the Womens Reserve, removes limitations on lower ranks, and entitles WR officers and enlisted personnel to all allowances or benefits available to men. Immediate results of enactment: Lieutenant Commander Mildred H. McAfee, director of Womens Reserve, was promoted to captain; new policies on promotions, allowances and benefits were established for women officer and enlisted personnel. Advancements above the rank of lieutenant will be limited to spot promotions for officers holding billets where a need forrankis indicated. Lieut. Tova Petersen Wiley, assistant director of the Womens Reserve, has been advanced tolieutenant commander. Promotions of ensignsand lieutenants (junior grade) will be effected en bloc. Alnavs relative to promotions in these ranks will include both menand women, andthesame eligibility requirements will be applicable. Approximately 40 lieutenants(junior grade) who, bylength of service,

Page 64

Many Billets Opened To Reserve, Retired Temporary Oficers

In a move to provide trained and experienced personnel for trementhe dously expanded fleet, orders have been issued for Naval Reserve officers to be assignedtomany billets afloat now filled by regular Navy officers. Under the order, officers of the regular Navy are t o be distributed as widely a s possible among the vast number of new ships, and reserve officers will be assigned to fill the vacancies and many of the new posts thus created. Specifically, ,BuPers has ordered that reserve officers, retired officers or officers with temporary commissions from enlisted or warrant rank, be assigned the following billets: Flagsecretary and flag lieutenant on the staffs of vice admirals, rear admirals and commodores with commands afloat (except the five major area commanders), as and assistant staff officers in operations, planning, training, gunnery, logistics, communications andmaterial. All regular Navy officers at present holding billets described above are t o be detached immediately. Reserve, retired or temporary officers will be assigned to the vacancies as rapidly as possible. (Details in N. D. Bul. [semimonthly], of 1 .November 1943, R1556.)

I 1 Newport Recruit (NTS, Newport. R. I.).

Vm afraid, Mac, youve got the wrolzg about idea liberty.

BuPers Asks Return of Uniform Regulations

BuPers has requested the return of all personal copies of U. S. Navy Uniform Regulations, 1941, since the supply is now practicallyexhaustedand copies are needed for reissue t o new ships and stations being commissioned. (Details in N. D. Bul. [semi-monthly], o 15 November 1943,R-1592.) f

Non-Rated Men May Be Mail Clerks

Normally, only petty officers may serve as Navy mail clerks and assistants. However, non-rated men may be recommended toserveasNavy mail clerks for Class I naval post offices or asassistantNavymail clerks for any naval post office, provided they have served a t least six months in the naval service.

Hotel Reservations Needed

Since it has become almost impossible to obtainhotel reservations in any large cities of the United States on the day of arrival, it is suggested that naval personnel arrange for reservations a t least one week in advance.

DISTRIBUTION of the INFORMATION BULLETIN

By BuPers Circular Letter No. 162-43 (appearing as R-1362 in the Navy Department Bulletin of 1 September 1943), the Bureau directed that appropriatestepsbetakentoinsurethatallhandshave quick and convenient access t o the BuPers INFORMATION BULLETIN, and indicated that distribution should be effected on the basis of one copy for each ten officers and enlisted personnel to accomplish the directive. BULLETIN has been With this issue, the circulation of the INFORMATION increased in accordance with complement and on-board count statistics in the Bureau, on the basis of one copy for each ten officers and enlisted personnel. Because intra-activity shifts affect the Bureau statistics, and because organization of some activities may require more copies than normally indicated to effect thorough distribution to all hands, the Bureau invites requests for the basic directive. This additional copies as necessary t o comply with magazine is intended forallhands and commanding officers should take necessary steps t o make it available accordingly. It is pointed out that the pro-rata distribution does not allow for personal copies, and that if every magazine i s to have its ten readers,it must be passed along and not retained for private use.

Page 65

Men Overseas May Mail Home Certain Enemy Souvenirs

The Customs Bureau, Post Office and Navy Departments have formulated aplan under which naval personnel may retain as souvenirs certain items of captured enemy equipment, upon their return to this country. Under the plan it also is possible to mai! home captured enemy equipment. Inpast, the customs authorities have seized items of enemy equipment at the port of entry and turned them over t o naval authorities for final disposition. Customs officials will permit service men t o bring in small items of enemy equipment, excepting name plates, items which contain explosives, and such other items whose usefulnessto the service o r whose value as critical material outweighs their value as trophies, as determined by theater the commanders. of Naval personnel inthetheaters operation may be permitted t o mail small items of enemyequipment(except articles listed above, inflammables, and firearms capable of being cont o friends or cealed on the person) relatives in the United States. In each case where a returning individual hashis in possession any souvenir items, he must have a certificatein duplicatesigned by his commanding officer, stating that he is authorized officially to retain his as personal propertythearticles listed. Without such a certificate the articles will be seized by customs authorities and will not be returned t o the owners. All parcels containing captured material mailed from overseas also must contain a similar certificate (in duplicate)statingthatthesenderisauthorized officially tomailthearticles listed. If theyaresentasgifts,the parcels also should contain the gift declaration (INFORMATION BULLETIN of October 1943, p. 67). (Details inN.D. Bul. [semi-monthly], of 1 November 1943,R-1533.)

/ * L _ _ I . .

...

pWE.

-The

Hoist (NTS. San Diego).

That isnt necessary, Slugger. Jlcst answer,Here, Sir!

via the State Headquarters, Selective Service, for state the ih which the particular local boardis situated. Direct correspondence between naval officers and local boards hascreated confusion, since in many cases either the naval officer or the local board is not fullyinformed of thelatestrulings andregulations of the Selective Service National Headquarters. (Details in N. D. Bul. [semi-monthly], of 1 November 1943, R-1540.)

such officer is ordered to active duty. In view of this decision and the fact that an officerof the honorary retired list is subject t o call to active duty in time of war o r emergency at the discretion of the Secretary of the Navy, inactive service on the honorary retired list is now counted towards eligibility for the award of the Naval Reserve Medal and stars the in same manner as service on the active list of theNaval Reserve. Officers whose applications have

School Name Changed

Title of the Advanced Mine School, Navy Yard, Washington, D. C., has been changed t o Mine Disposal School.

Letters to Draft Boards Should BeSent V i a State Headquarters

Allofficial naval correspondence on any matter with which local draft boards are concerned should be sent

Page 66

Athletic, MusicalEquipment Stoched by Supply Depots

BuPers through has, cooperation with BuSandA, arranged have to stockedinnavalsupplydepotsitems of athletic gear, games, fishing tackle, pianos, radio-phonographsrecand ords. Instructionsforprocurement of this type of equipment were provided in the directiveAthleticEquipment, ProcurementandHandling Of, Pers1012-PL P10-1A and BuSandA #P10-1 (3) of 16 July 1943. Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard activities procure may this at equipment through depots these prices f a r below the current retai! level. Masspurchasing of this equipmenthas produced astonishinglylow prices, which will stretchtherecreationaldollars much f y t h q - . will be About 1 December>\th&e a 32mailed to all ships and stations page catalog of sports, games and musical equipment. catalog The will show pictures and descriptive copy of all items of athleticmaterial,games, fishing tackleand musical equipment being stocked in naval supply ,depots through efforts the of BuPers. The catalogalso will describe the method of procuringthisequipmentandwill offer helpfulsuggestions for procurassortment based on ing a balanced complements of men. It will show diagrams of playing fields and courts for all the more popularsports,and will generally implement the efforts of all hands in securingscarcerecreational and training equipment. It is recommended that all activities be on the look-out for this catalog as it is planned to be one of the greatest aids ever given to officers responsible for the procurement of the above types of training recreational and gear.

ALNAV LISTING
The following Alnavs were issued in the period 21 October 1943 to 20 November, 1943, inclusive: No. 173-Increasing subsistenceallowance for certain classes of enlisted men. No. 174-Changing value of meal 1 Noticketsissuedfortravelafter vember 1943. No. 175-Concerning amendmentto Servicemens Dependents Allowance Act of 1942. No. 177-Establishment of warrant grades in Marine Corps. No. 178-Appointing certain lieutena n t commanders to commander. No. 179-Directing all personnel travelingthrough an endemic yellow fever area en route to India to be vaccinated. No.180-Concerning reimbursement of navy personnel and navy civilian employes for personal property loss. No. 181-Concerning temporary food ration certificates for personnel on leave. No. 182-Concerning modification of medical examination requirements for National Service Insurance Life for personnel serving outside the U. S. No. 183-Concerning provisions of amendment to Servicemens Dependents Allowance Act of 1942 (Alnav 173). No.184-Extending reciprocal lendlease (refer Alnav57). No.185-Concerning applications of NavalReserveAviators fortransfer to regular Navy. No.186-Concerning applications of Naval Reserve officers for transfer to regular navy. No. 187-Directing commanding officers to insure that all parcels mailed or sent from overseas contain authorizing certificates.

68-43, O f f i c e r s C o r r e s p o n d e n c e Courses; C/L 99-43, Enlisted Training Course for Radio Technician 3c;C/L 197-43, Correspondence Course in Navy Regulations and Customs. An indication that course books for orenlisted personnel are being not deredwith a view of usingand reusingthemin conjunction with additional Progress Tests Examinaand tionsisgiveninthe following comna ri son : Issued September 1942courses, 109,891; PT&Es, 204,183. Issued September 1943--courses, 174,022; PT&Es, 134,463. The Important Notice printed on the cover of every training course really means what it says:
Upon the completion of this training course return it to th,e educational officer or division officer f o r reissue. Training courses do not become the,property o f enlisted personnel after they are completed. This course shall be reissued until it becomes unfit for further use. Strictest economy in the use of courses must be exercised to enable the Navy Department to continue the issue of suficient courses to meet the service needs.

Although it has been evident for some tin-e that training schools also usethecourseinstruction book as a classroom referencetext,the volume of thistype of requestisnot great enough to account for the notable change from the old ratio: one course book to three examination books.
$ 7

Training, Correspondence Course Notes

To familiarize training officers with recent information published in circular letters on the topics of Officers Correspondence Courses Enlisted and Training Courses, the following Summary list has been prepared, based on circular letters issued between December 1942 and October 1943: C/L R-65 dated 22 December 1942, Enrollment, Progress Examinaand tion Report, BNP 671, formerly N. Nav. 134;C/L 20-43, Enlisted Training Courses for Radio Technician 3c; M.C.L. 21-43, Change in Part E, Chap: 5, E-5504, BuPers Manual; C/L 31-43, Officers Correspondence Courses; C/L

Great Lakes Bulletin (NTS. Great Lakes)

And t o think Z could have taken my chances as a n apprentice seama@ with the rest of them.

Slightly more than 200 replies have been received in answer to the tracer letter P-2431-mep Pll-l/MN dated 24 September 1943. This letter was issued from the Training Division, BuPers, locate to Commissioning Allowances of enlisted training courses sent the to prospective commanding officers of approximately 600 DES, SCs,PCs, LSTs and LCIs who had not yet indicated receipt of these publications. It is hoped that recognition of the remaining allowances,, approximately 390, which are still unaccounted for, will be made in the near future. Educational officers and other interested personnel are requested to address their comments and suggestions on new officers correspondence courses totheTraining Division, BuPers. A program to revise the present courses, andorganizenecessary new trainnz material, is being f o r m d a t r i and the contributions of naval personnel will be of assistance at this time.

Page 67

Abandon ship. how to ........ .Sept.. p . 1 0 Academy courses shortened . . . . .May. P . 47 Academy nominations asked for.Dec P 65 Acceptance of gratuities contrary regulations to . . . . . . . . ..Dec.. p 6 4 Adak. U S. occupies ........... June. p 8 Advancement.normalpath of (enlisted) ..................May. p 3 6 Advance uav for officers . . . . . . .SePt. . 72 . u African invasion. naval partcipation in . . . . . . . . .Jan.. p 42 landing. how effected ...... Feb., p 1 8 victorv . Navvs uart in . . . . .June. P 2 .. After a ship goes down .Dec.. P 26 Agriculture report for 1 9 4 2 . . . . .Jan., p. 28 Aids for shipwrecked men ..... .Aug., p 25 Air almanac contains new material ................... .Jan., P 66 ambulances ............. .June. p 1 3 arm. production . . . . . . . . . . . .Nov.. P 3 combat insignia (new) .... .May, p 39 medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mar.. p 6 1 men in South Pacific . . . . . .May. p 11 stations. civilians at Nov., P 1 6 Transport Service . . . . . . . . .Jan.. p 47 triumphsinPacific.whats behind .................Aug .. P 27 Aircraft carrier (the Hornet) activity in Pacific . . . . . . . . . . .Feb.. p 10 carriers. part played off ........... .9 pNorth Africa .Feb.. . . . . . .Nov., p 1 6 factories. civilians in .Feb.. p 3 0 names of. made official Airplane insignia. new . . . . . . . . . Aug., p 32 Aleutian area (map) ......... .June. p 23 battleincidents .......... .July. p 40 defenders .Feb., decorated p 54 Aliens. naturalization of . . . . . . .Sept 76 p Allotment pay for dependents of missing personnel .Jan.. ........ p 55 Allowance. baggage .......... p.Sept 77 family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Feb.. p 3 8 subsistence. increased 306 .Dee day per 64 ............... travel .................... Feb.. p 29 Allowances .................. .Jan.. p 5 4 quarters and family ...Apr p 3 0 Amchitka.newbase (Phptographs) ..........June. pp 32-33 Amencan Red .Cross fnnd . . . . . . . . .Aug..Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Ammunition the passing .Nov.. p 20 AmphibiansinvadeNew Georgia Sicily Aug., pp 2-3 reoccupy Kiska ........... Sept., p 3 training to strike .......... .Jul ...D 2 Amphibious Man new naval type .May. p . 6 Anchors Aweigh new words fdr ..............Feb p 34 Antisubmarine fleet s eu p t .Dec.. p 4 Appendectomies-5 In 48 hours set a record for Navy: .July. p 3 4 Appendectomy on submarine .Jan.. p 1 0 Applied communications course .Oct., p 68 Appojntment forms. temporary . Sept., p 77 Appolntments to regular Navy .Sept p 7 2 . Area campaign ribbons. clasps authorlzed for .May. p 3 9 Argonaut. crew accepts destruction rather than surrender .. .July. p 1 6 Armed Guard gets eight .July. bombers 27 Army and Navy ......... .Nov.. p 3 0 Army commissary privileges. Navy allowed .July. p 6 9 Institute Courses .Jan.. p 36 relieves Marines on Guadalcanal ............Feb.. p 1 4 Staff College opens ........Sept.. p 3 1 Artiflcers Manual . no loneer available .Feb.. p 4 6 Artists. Navys combat Sept., p 2 5 Arts report for 1 9 4 2 ...........J a n . u . 2 9 _ Athletes. Navy. new regulations for ....................... p .Sept.. 74 Athletic equipment stocked p . . . . .Dec.. 6 7 Atlantic convoy ...............Feb.. p 7 AtlanticFleetgetscongratulations from Nimitz on African invasion ........... .Feb.. D . 1 9 .. Attu. battle for............... .July. p 35 (map) .................. .June. p 24 U S attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .June. p 6 Auxiliary carriers. the story of .May. p 2 2 Aviation. civilians in . . . . . . . . . . Nov., p 1 6 Awards. complete regulations governing ................. .Mar.. p 35 open to Merchant Marine .Oct.. men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Axis economy. BEW report on .Feb.. p 32 Back in the First Lineuss Lewis Hancock is launched .Sept.. p 6

CUlMolLATIVE INDEX FOR

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Bad conduct discharge. story of a man with ............. .Aug.. p 69 Eaggage allowance ........... .Sept.. p 77 Ballots. servicemens primary . .Dcc., p 6 3 Barbary Coast history . . . . . . . . .Jan.. P 45 Earclay. Lt Comdr . McClelland. missing ................... .Sept.. P 2 5 Bard Asst See Raluh A.. score- remarkable record in Atlantic .Oct.. p . 1 9 addresses Navy War Coilege . .Jan.. p 4 8 predicts victory . . . . . . . . . . .Feb.. p 28 ....... Ja.n., p. 33 Casualties Pacific low in Bart Jean. French battleship ... Feb., p. 1 8 Casualty. ship. procedures in .Dec p.26 Bases. new Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . .June. p 8 Catalina delivers mail to Rattle incidents in the .July. p . 3 4 Amchitka .July. p 40 Aleutians ... p.23 sink in oceans subs two .July. of Kula Gulf . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sept.. p 1 8 Ceiling prices of slate gray of Midway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Nov.. p 50 uniforms .................. .Aug . p.67 Battleshiu-a new U . S. (uhotoCeremonies. Crossing the Line . .Oct., p.14 graphs) .................. .Mar.. p 2 6 Changes in uniform regulations .July. p.69 X (South Dakota ) downs Chauuell . Lt . Comdr Lucius 32 planes. sinks 3 cruisers.Feb., p 2 Hknry; USN ................. Apr P.5 X. story behind . . . . . . . . . .Nov.. p . 22 Chicago. uss ................ .Apr.. p . 1 3 Battling B. last battle of .Dec.. p 2 Chief petty officer may wear Bermuda. Navy gets rest slate gray uniforms ........ .Seut p . 7 2 - center in .................. .APr.. P 3 7 permanent appointment . . . s e p t p . 7 4 . Billets. new ones opened to ReChristmas (editorial) ......... .Dec.. p 36 serves ..................... .Dec.. p 65 Billiard exhibitions . . . . . . . . . . .pSept., 79 Christmaspackages. addressing of .Aug.. pp 30-32 Binoculars. proper use and care.Sept., p . 33 .Dec.. p 1 4 Chronology 1943 Blimp barns made of wood .Oct.. p 25 Churchill Geets with President .June. p 1 8 findsshipwreckedmen Roosevelt.outline 43 (photograph) .......... .June. p 3 1 strategy .............. .Mar.. P 1 9 training ................. .June. p 29 Bombing of Japanese ship in Civil engineering course open . . . Oct., P 70 Solomons (photo series) . . . . . Feb., p 3 5 Civilian employment (chart) .Nov.. P 8 Sicily ....................Aug.. p 40 technician u.niform for .Oct.. P 6 9 Tokyo from Hornet ....... .May. p. 24 employment by the Navy .Nov.. P . 8 Bonds. Navy sales of W a r .Mar.. p 50 in aviation .Nov.. P 1 6 Pearl Harbor Day sales ... .Jan.. p 34 Knox lauds .............. .Nov.. P 9 Books. pocket-size for Navy work for the Navy ....... .Nov.. P 24 .Oct.. p 35 men ........................ work miracles of ship Borie. last battle of ............ .Dec.. P 2 surgery ............... .Nov.. p 1 0 Breast insignia .............. .Ma. y. 39 p Claspsauthorized for Area British. U S Navies capture campalgns .May. P 39 island Italian p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct .. . 32 Classification system. new 1944 ........ .May. P 47 Budget. Navy for enlisted Oct., P 2 Buggies for Alliedland. sea officer .................... .June. P 7 forces .................... .June, p 47 Clean sweep broom displayed BULLETIN. BUPERSINFORMATION . .Aug.. P 20 distribution of .Sept.. B . 79. Dec., p 65 U by andS sub .Nov.. p 32 Clerks typists in Navy BuPers officers. changesin Coale. Lt Comdr Griffith Baily Sept., P 2 5 assignment ................ .Aug.. p 65 Coast Guard. new uniforms for.Feb., p 48 reorganization ............ .Jan.. p 2 overseas action .Jan.. p 1 4 Burning oil and surf. rescues 235 from Atlantic .July. p 1 7 swimming through ..........May. p 1 6 Reserves induction of women California(SonomaMission) p .Mar.. in .................... 15 rest center opens . . . . . . . . . . . .Feb.. p 26 tests weather new suit . . . . .Apr.. 27 p Campaign Medals Regulations .Feb.. p 56 three incidents .Mar .. P. 2 1 complete summary ....... .Mar.. 35 Coast Guardsman lost for1 days.Feb., P 1 5 p 2 Cap devices. plastic ........... .Sept p 78 College Army and Navy Open Capture of Enogal . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oct.. p 1 6 staff .Sept.. P 3 1 of Italian island (Ustica) ...Oct., p 32 training plan of Army and Cards. warrants asked to Navy ................. .Jan.. P 50 submit ..................... . F e b. p . 46 training program. the NavyMar., P 1 4 . Command course at Newport Oct., p 69 Commander.line officers advanced to ............... .Jan.. p 64 Commissions for enlisted men ... .Feb.. p 4 Commodore. rank of. askedby Navy .Apr.. p 24 restored .May. p 4 7 Communications. applied course .Oct., p 6 s Completed staff work ......... .Aug.. p 66 Confidential mail. use of in reports on enlisted personnel . .Jan.. p 66 Constant Lieut . Maurice. photogkapher of naval leaders Sept., p 24 . Construction. Navys dry dock .May. P 1s of landmg craft .......... .Nov.. p 36 Containers. new. solve shipping problems ...................Apr.. p 25 Convalescence and educati0.n. ..Sept., p 31 Convalescent hospital. Yosemite .Aug., P 66 leave ................... .June. p 57 leave uolicy ............. .Nov . u 73 _ .Feb.. p 7 Convoy gets baptism of flre to Murmansk. story about . .May. p 20 .Dec P 5 Convoys routing of Corpsdevices f h women staff officers ....................Sept.. P 77 summary of .May. p 29 Correspondence courses. offered by Navy ...................Mar.. p. 34 reserve officers . . . . . . . . . . .June. u 59 .. Correspondence with draft boards.Dec., p 66 Courage plus training equals victories .................. .Aug p 27 Courses : Applied communications . . . . . . Oct., p 68 Civil engineering ............ Oct., p 70 p Command .................. 69 -Terminal Topics (NAS. S m Pedro. Calif.). .Oct.. Correspondence ............ .Mar.. p 34 Correspondence. for reserves .June. p 59 If steels so scarce, why do they naval for personnel Feb., p 41 keep building em? Training .Oct.. p 70

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Craft. landing. types of LST 1 x 1 (L) LC\T ldCM( 3 ) LCT ( 5 ) LCT ( 6 ) LCC
LVT

........Nov.. p.3 8

L\-T (A) LCR (L) LCR ( S ) CurrentTaxPayment Act of 1 9 4 3 ...................... .Aug.. p . 1 0 Damage repair. by civilians . . . .No\-.. p 10 Dams. Germany. blown u p . . . . .June. p . 1 9 D.ruser. JIiss Suc S., Navy NurseCorpshead.wears captains stripes . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb., p 3 1 Davis. Sen James J., speech on battleship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb., p . 2 of the Decorationsandmedals. u . s...................... .Sept.. p . 2 2 complete dctails of Navy .Mar.. p 8 5 new precedence . . . . . . . . . .Sept.. p. 2 3 Dependency payments increased .NO\. p . 7 1 Dependents of Navy men aid to (booklet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sept.. p i l out-patient care ......... .A-ov.. p . i 3 Depots. supply ............... .so\-.. p . 20 Designations ..................May. p 2 9 Line and staff oHicers Personnel. U S Navy Officers of Naral Reserve Liberty card? W a r r a n t officers. Naval Reserve Enlisted men.Kava1 R e s e n e Destroyer escort. launching at Eyesight waivers authorized for Philadelphia Navy Yard .... .July. p . 3 2 .July. WAVES ................... p. 7 0 photographic layout ....... .Apr.. p . 3 2 Facts available . . . . . . . . . . . . .July. p 71 Family allowances action on Disability retired exempt pay .Aug.. p 68 later ..................... from tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Feb.. p 3 9 increased .................Nov.. p . i l Disabled Navy men to get jobS.Mar., p 4 8 table ..................... Jan., p 54 Discount of 1 0 % for serviceFamilv and Quarters allow.Sept p 7 3 men in dining cars ances ..................... .Apr.. p . 30 Dishonorable discharges .June. p 6 1 Federal Income Tax informaDistinguishingmarks.enlisted. tion ....................... .Jan.. p . 1 3 description of all ........... .May. P 3 8 FellowshipsofferedbvWebber GunnersMate ............ .SePt.. P 76 .Sept .. p . 78 Collegs PT crewmen .............. .Sept.. p . 76 Ferrying planes to Malta .Sept.. p 7 6 OB members Africa ..................... Oct .. p . 3 1 Distribution of INFORMATION Filing clerks. typists in Navy . . .No\... p 32 BULLET1 .Slept.. p . 79. Dec., P 65 Films available for shore estabDoor-to-door invasions. buildlishments .................. .Oct.. p 69 .No\. .. p 3 6 ing of .................... war workers see to .July.. . . . . . . p 24 Draft boards letters to ........ .Dec.. p . 66 First aid for fractures .Dec ......... p 31 Draper. Lieut Wm F . . . . . . . . . .Sept .. p 2 5 Firstaidforthe men in thc Drugs. effective use of ia South lifeboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oct.. P . 26 Paciflc .................... .Jan P 33 First round-Japan . . . . . . . . . . . .Oct.. p 5 Dry-dock construction . . . . . . . . .May. p . 1 8 Fiscal 42. report of naval Duck Trucks. for invasion growth in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Apr.. p 2 .Aug.. p . 2 5 forces ..................... Fishes. food flshes of the South Dupleis, French cruiser (photo) .Am..P. 2 1 .Mar.. p . 9 Seas ....................... Duties of enlisted rates . . . . . . . .May. p 3 7 Poisonous Paciflc ........ .Mar.. p 1 0 of officers in casualty ......Dec P 2 6 Fishing instructions. for castaDuty. rotation of. for ways in the South Seas ...... .Mar.. p Y ............... .July. men enlisted p 67 kits for lifeboats ......... .Apr.. p. 26 ibid ....................... .Sept.. p 7 1 kits for lifeboats (photograph) ................. Aug., p 25 Education centers. Navy sets .Mar.. P 3 4 Flags commodore (illustration) .Apr.. p 24 up .Jan.. p 3 6 Fleet . index of naval Droduction . Nov .. 3 D Course for credit antisubmarine. sei up . . . . . . . Dec., p . 4 Reportfor 1 9 4 2 .......... .Jan.. p 3 0 Reserve. description of . . . . .May. p 2 9 Training courses for ensurrender of Italian . . . . . . . . . Oct.. D. 8 listed men .............Jan.. p 3 9 Flight orders issued by Chief of EducationalServices inhnsNaval Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . .Jan.. p . 49 pitals ..................... .Sept.. p 3 1 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sept.. p . 7 6 Program helps Navy men .. .July p 8 at,Attu .................. .July. p . 3 9 1 Epennants. a Navy tradition .Nov., b 3 0 F o g package.RedCross Food Electrlcmegaphone.for power (photograph) ............. .AUK p 30 failures ....................Aug.. p 2 5 Forms. temporary appointment U S occuDies .. ..June... . 8 D promotion ..................Sept.. p . 77 ~mPloYment. civilian (chart) .Nov.. p 8 Foss. Capt Joseph. gets Medal of women ............... .Nov p . 3 3 p of Honor ................. .June. 36 Enlisted me.n, distinguishing Fractures.for flrst aid ......... .Dec.. p 31 marks. description of ....... .May. p 3 8 French: Short list of words and commissions f o r .Feb p 4 phrases ................... .July. p 2 9 designation of Naval battleships : Jean Bart . . . .Feb p . 1 8 Reserve .May. p 3 1 Richelieu . . . . . A pr. p 2 1 rotation of duty for .July. p 67 . Gains in U-boat warfare . . . . . . . .JulG. p . 6 ibid .Sept.. p 7 1 Garrison caps made optional . . . Feb., p 33 ratings .................. .May. p 3 3 Gatch. Thomas Leigh. in battleabbreviations ............. .May. p 33 shlpsaga .................. .Feb p 2 description of ............ .May. p, 37 named JAG .............. .Oct.. p 4 1 duties of ................ .May. p 37 Gates. Artemus L Asst Sec of path of advancement ...... .May. p 3 6 Navy for.Air. speech by . . . . . .Feb.. p 9 Pay grades for new rates . . .Nov.. p . 7 2 Gela Amerlcans caDture from Enogai capture of . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oct.. p 1 6 Germans (photographs) . A u g.. PP 37-42 cEnterprises war against the German U-boat crew taken .July. p 11 J a p s ...................... prisoner (photograph) . . . . . . .June. p 3 0 Equipment. musical athletic. how one was eliminated . . . .Apr.. p . 2 1 .Dec. p 67 stocked .................... trophies from (photoEquipment. lifesaving trials of . Sept.,p. 30 graphs) ................ June. p 39 Escort carrier at Attu . . . . . . . . . .Oct.. p . 1 8 German:Shortlist of words blasts wolf packs .......... Oct p 1 9 andPhrases ............... .Oct.. p . 33 Escorts. destroyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .May. p 9 Gift packages. customs requirec Exercise suits for WomensRe ments for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oct.. p 67 pt serve ..................... 77 Glider. hydroplane . . . . . . . . . . . .ApI-. p 26 Eyes. guarding Navys the .Apr.. p 9 Global maintenance service . . . . .July. p 2 0

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Going over the side. ways of .. .NOT..p . 6 9 Good conduct awards. reservists now eligible for ............ .July. p 7 0 Government property mailed by servicemen ................ .Sept.. p 7 3 Graphic highlights. second year of war ..................... .Dec.. p . 2 0 Gratuityforuniforms retired Reserve officers . P e t when to . ....... recalled .................... Dec., p . 6 4 Gratuities. acceptance of contrary to regulations . . . . . . . . . .Dec p 6 4 Gray uniforms. ceiling price on cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ug., p . 67 for enlisted men . . . . . . . . . . .Oct p 67 Grenllins.how tobeat . . . . . . . . .May. P. 4 0 Guadalcanal. action on . . . . . . . .3lar.. p 29 conquest of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mar.. p . 3 Fu.nkhole Philosophers of . Mar., p 1 8 library on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L\ug.. . 69 p map of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mar.. p 3 Marinesrelierrd ..........Feb D. 1 t today (photographs) . . . . . .June. 6. 3 1 Gunners mates RI for ....... .Sept p 7 6 Halsey. Admirjl William F.... .June. p 1 X photograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Feb.. D . 33 Problems of supplying . . . . .Ma p 2 3 Hancock. Lt JOY flrst naval E., officer to sponsor combatanttype naval vessel (Dhotogriwh) ..................... .Aug.. p . 4 9 Psrsonal account of launching ........................ .spot.. D . 6 Hnncock. uss Lewis. launched . . . .Sept .. p 6 Helena. uss battles of . . . . . . . . . .Dec.. p . 24 sunk in Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AUK D . 29 .. Henderson Field. may help shape future strategy . . . . . . . .Mar.. p . 2 Heroes. ships named in honor of.Oct., p . 4 9 Hewitt. Vice Admiral Henry I<., honored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Feb.. p . 5 1 Highlights. graphic. second year of war .Dec.. p 20 Holtz(photographs) Ray .July. p 36 Honor. Medal of . winners of .Dec . .D 1 2 Hornei. u s 5 bombingbasefor Tokyo .May. P 2 4 takes heavy toll ...........Feb.. p. 1 0 Hospital Corpsman. the versatile ................ Feb., p 2 4 (duties. etc.) fee abolished ............. .Aug p . 65 in p 31 educational services .Sept.. near Guadalcanal ........ .Oct.. p 2 3 Household shipments. advance notice required on . . . . . . . . . . .Oct.. p . 68 Housing conditions. acute in many areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Feb .. p 45 shortage Sixth Naval District .................. .Jan.. p 3 8 HoustonaddressbySecretary Rnox ..................... . J a n.. D 1 6 .. Houston. uss. citation ..........Jan.. p 1 7 Hunting. flshing privileges .... .June. p 6 2 Hydroplaneglider ........... . A m . .P 2 6 . Icecap. flve months on ......... .Oct., p 46 Identiflcation cards : surrender and destruction on discharge. .July. p 69 Identiflcation of enemy craft . .June.. p 1 7 tags .................... .Aug.. p . 65 Income Taxes Federal ........ .Jan.. p . 1 3 Law summary .......... .Aug.. p . 1 0 Index of U S naval production.Nov., p 3 Induction of womeninReserves .................... .Mar.. p . 1 5 Industry. women in . . . . . . . . . . .Nov., p 3 3 Infant care available to service wives ..................... .July. p 7 1 INFORMATION RIJLLETIN, new pro rata distribution of Sept., p 7 9 Dec., p . 6 5 Insienia reDr.int available .... .Sent D. 7 1 submarine medical officer ... Au g.. p 7 1 U S Navy (text matter) . .May. p 29 . U S Navy (in full color) . .May. p 3 4 Instructlonsforenlistedtraining new edition ............. J a n .. p 40 Insurance. National Service .AUK 1) 70 Life ...................... ... Invasions. door.to.door. build.Nov.. p 3 6 ing ....................... Italian fleet. surrender of a t Malta ...................... .Oct.. D 8 ._ shortlist of wordsand phrases ............... .Sept.. p 5 7 Jamieson. L(tj g ) Mitchell .... Sept 1) 2 5 . Japanese Language School to train Women Reservists ..... .June p 6 0 on Attu. blasted out ...... .Oct... p 18 planes.twoburnanwater (photograph) ......... .Aug.. 0.19 short llst of words and phrases ............... .May. p 25 transports wrecked(Dhotographs) ................. .June. p 35 Jean Bart. French battleship ... .Feb.. p 1 8 Jones. John Paul commission of (document) .............. p .Jan.. 45 Jumping from a plane ........ .Oct.. p 13 Khaki. officers may still wear .June. p 57

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Kiska. amphibians reoccupy .Septa.P bombardment .Jan.. P b map p.25 Kindergarten service .July. P 71 King. Admiral E. J., CongratUlates Womens Reserve (photograph) .................... .Aug p 6 G., Kirk Rear Admiral Allan AAphibious Force Commander .July. P 2 Kirkpatrick L t Comdr Charles C., awarded third Navy CrossAug., p . 5 0 . Knockout a t Midway ...........Dec.. P 3 2 Knox. Secretary Frank. address at Houston ............... .Jan.. P 1 6 praises civilians ...........Nov.. P 9 report on Navys growth in flscal 4 2 ............... . A m P 2 visits San Diego naval hospita1 (photograph) ..... .Aug.. . 26 P Rula Gulf. battle of . . . . . . . . . .Sept.. p . 1 8 Labor. American. 1 9 4 2 report . . . .Jan.. p 3 1 Lnfauette. uss. beginstoright herself ....................Sent D 1 3 Landing at Amchitka .SePt.. P. 16 craftconstruction .Nov.. P 3 6 .Nov.. P 3 9 craft. pictures craft. types .xov.. p 38 . Launching uss Lewis Haltcoclc Sept., p 6 uss Y o ~ k t o w l z............ .Feb.. p 9 Learning as-you-like-it .July. p 8 Legal aid for servicemen ...... .July. P 69 1.ejenne. General. Marines honor.Feb.,P 4 9 Letter from enlisted man .Jan.. P 3 4 Letter from a father. ........ .Oct.. P 6 9 Lettersboards draft to .Dec.. P. 6 6 Liberty.address t o mengoing on ......................... Jan.,p.37 Idbrary. on Guadalcanal Aug., P 6 9 Life aboard modern U S submarines ....................Oct.. P 1 0 of a v - 1 2 man ........... .July. p. 7 Lifeboat.flrstaid f o r menin.Oct.. P 26 flshing kits f o r ............Apr.. P. 26 LifeInsurance.NationalSerug.. vlce ...................... P 70 8 3 days .Apr.. on P 19 Life ra.ft new type (photograph) ... .Aug.. p 2 5 new Coast Guard (photo) Apr., P. 2 7 Lifesaving equipment trials of Sept., P. 3 0 flshing instructions f o r castaways the in South .Mar.. Seas ................... P 8 Lightweight magazines .NOV.. P 73 I ine and staff ofiicers designa. tion of .................... .May. P. 2 9 Lipes Wheller B., sub appendectomy hero .Jan.. p 1 0 Loanpolicy of Navy Relief Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sept P 7 1 a. .Oct.. p . 53 Lookout how be to Losses df U S naval vessels . . . .Dec.. P 11 I, osses in ships. U . S. and Japan .Feb.. p 1 2 Dec., P. 8 Louisiana. state primary .Dec.. P 63 I. STS take tanks to SlcllY (photograph) .Aug.. P 4 1 J.nmber. scrap .............. .Jan .. P. 36 MacArthur. Gen . Douglas .June. P 1 8 Mfor gunners mates .Sept P 76 Machine gun nest. Marine takes .Mar.. P. 3 0 enemy .................... SePt., P 7 3 Magazines. lightweight news Mail Catalina delivers to .July. p . 3 4 Arnchitka ................. Clerks. flxed credit changed Jan., P 6 5 Mail clerks. non-rated men may .Dec.. p 6 5 be M:rltn., Africa. get planes by .Oct.. carrlers ................... P 31 Man hours. production in .Nov.. ...... P. 3 h f a p : Campaign medals ....... .Feb.. P 5 6 Marine Corps opens ranks t o women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mar.. P. 15 Marine pilots on Guadalcanal . .Aug., P 2 1 Postmans Hollday taken by flghting ............Mar.. P. 30 on Guadalcanal. history .Feb.. P 1 4 on Guadalcanal relieved . . . .Feb P. 1 4 shares ditcli with Japs . . . . .Feb.. P 27 summer uniform for ...... .Ma.y. P 1 9 visits submarine. join gun crew .................. .Feb P 1 6 . . . Marksman Trophy for Marines .Jan., P 67 Massacre Bay : snow sand mud .July. P 3 8 Maternitv and infant care available to service wives ....... .July. P. 7 1 plan .Aug.. P 65 plan broadened .......... .Oct.. P 67 rules revised ............. Nov., p . 73 Matthews Trophy ............ .Jan.. p 6 7 McAfee. L t Comdr Mildred H (photographwithAdmiral Kinz) ..................... .Aun.. 1:) 6 ........... .Dec.. p 6 4 captain made McCain. Vice Admiral J. S., appointed Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) . . . . . . . . . . .Aup.. p 3 1 Medals anddecorations of the U U S...................... .Mar.. p 3 5 historic account Sept P. 22 new precedence .Sept.. p 2 3

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Medals. small arms .July. P 6 9 Medal. Naval Reserve. retired .Dec .. P 6 6 service credited for Medal of Honor winners of .Dec.. P 1 2 Medical officer. submarine insignia for (photqgraph) .Ang.. P 7 1 report from the South .May.Pacific ................ P 14 P 13 successesmoreflgureson.June. Medicine (hdspital corpsmen) . .Feb.. P 2 4 Mediterranean. mapof. 1 9 4 1 - 4 3 .Dec P 1 9 Men in the lifeboat flrst aid for.Oct .. P. 26 over 38. no releases for Feb., P 4 8 Merchant Marine casualties .Jan.. P . 5 5 growth of .Feb P 2 1 meneligible for Navy .OCt.. P 6 9 awards Reserve. description of .....May. P. 2 9 sailors deliver the goods .Mar P . 4 8 .Nov.. P. 5 0 Midway battle of .Dec.. p 3 2 knockout a t Miles. Commander A H USN. composer of Anchors Aweigh .Feb P 3 4 Missing personnel allotments . . . J a n P . 5 5 Monthly contribution abolished.Aug., P 6 5 Munda. Allies attack .Aug.. P . 2 Munitions production for 1 9 4 2 . .Jan., p . 2 2 Murmansk: 38 days. 1 6 8 bombings .May. P 2 0 Murray. Lieut Albert K....... .Sept p . 2 5 Musical equipment stocked .Dec.. P . 6 7 Mutual Aid Navy .Aug .July. p. 6 6 Mysteries of Midway .Nov P 50 Mystery books available ...... .Jan.. p . 65 National Service Life Insurance.Aug., p . 70 poster .Feb.. p 3 8 Native of Solomon Islandsis decorated ................. .Mar.. p 3 0 Naturalization of Navy aliens . .Sept.. p 76 Naval air stations civilians at.Nov., p 1 6 Air Transport Service . . . . . .Jan.. p . 47 insignia (i.n full color) . . . ..May. p . 3 4 ordnance In war .......... .May. p 2 Reserve description of . . . . .May. p . 2 9 Reserves.induction of women in .............Mar p 1 5 type : The amphibious man .May. p 6 Naval Reserve Medal. retired service credited for .Dec.. p 66 Navy Americabuildsworlds greatest ................... .NOV P 2 athletes.newregulations for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sept P 7 4 awards. Merchant Marine men eligible for ......... .OCt.. P. 6 9 British capture Italian island .............. : .Oct.. p 3 2 budget for 1 9 4 4 ...........May. P. 4 7 combat artists . . . . . . . . . . .Sept.. p . 2 5 fllms war workers to see . .J U ~p . 2 4 Y gains in U-boat war ....... .July. P 6 growth in flscal 4 2 ....... .Apr.. p 2 mail clerks. flxed credit .Jan.. P 6 5 changed ............. .Aug P 6 6 Mutualaid part in African victory .... .June. P. 2 second year of war ......... .Dec.. p . 8 Sicilian campaign ....... .Sept.. p . 3 4 production. sixmonths of .Aug.. pp . 1 2 - 1 3 Relief Society. policy loan of .................... .Sept.. p 7 1 W a r College graduates .Jan.. p 49

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invasion .................. .AUK..P 3 6 Parcels for prisoners of war . . . .July. p . 67 Pay accounts. reconstruction of Dec P 26 Pay allotment for donenrlrntn of missing personnef ........ .Jan.. p 5 5 Payment of family allowances. table for ................... J a n .. D 5 4 to dependents increased ....Nov b 71 P a y tables of U . 5 Navy ...... .May. p 32 retireddisability . . exemDt from tax ..............Feb.. p 3 9 Pearl Harbor. biggest salvage job ....................... .Nov.. p 1 4 Pearl takes Harbor off its bandages ................. p 31 Pennants. E winning of .Nov.. D 3 0 PeoDle who do little jobs ...... .Nov D 32 Periscopeup(and down Japs) : submarine life............... Oct., p 1 0 Permanent appointments and promotion requests for .......Sept., p 7 2 appointments for chiefs. . .Sept p 74 . residence. deflnition of ... .June. p 5 7 Personalaffairs of Navy m m (booklet) ...................Sept. p 7 1 Philadelphia Navy Yard launches 6 DES ....................July. p 3 2 Photographers. PhotoNavy. graph Holtz Bay ............July. p 3 6 Photo-paintings of naval leaders ........................ .Sept.. p 2 4 Physical requirements lowered for selective service inductees .July. p 68 Pistol shot medal ............. .Oct.. p 67 Plane. if you must jump from .Oct.. p 13 Planes. civilian productionof .Nov.. p 1 6 production of .Nov.. p 3 Plants. Pacific food .......... .Mar.. P 11 Plasma. how it works and why.Aug p 22 Plastic cap devices ...........Sept.. P 78 Play-writing contest for serv..Aug.. p 7 1 icemen .................... oDen to enlisted Dersonnel .Oct P 68 Pocket-sized books for Navy .Oct P 3 5 men ....................... Poem.U . 5 Fighting man . .Mar.. p 70 Po r t Director convoy routing by.Dec P.5 become ShellPollywogs still Oct., P 1 4 backs ......................

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Japs ...................... .Mar.. p . 2 5 Priso.ners from Axis, Sicily . (photoiraph) .............. .Aug.. P 39 among naval personnel . . . .AUK..P. 3 1 of war. packages for . . . . . .July. p . 87 Procced orders clarified Feb., p. 29 time .................... .Nov.. p $ 4 Procedures for survivors . . . . . . .Dec.. p . 2 6 . Production : America bnilds worlds greatest Navy. . . . . . . . .Nor.. p 2 index of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Nor.. p . 2 of planes by civilians .Nov.. p . 1 6 progress on home-front . . . . .Jan.. p . 22 Promotion forms. temporary .. .Sept.. p . 77 of Commissioned Warrant .Jan.. Officers p 64 ordersto relative Feb., p 29 Pro rata distributionfor BULLERUPERS INFORMATION TIN ..............Sept., p 79. p Dec., . 65 P-T base in South Paclfic . . . . . . .Jul s. D . 34 ... boats.distinguishing new for marks ............. .Sept.. p . 7 6 Purple applications Heart. Nov., p 75 award for Naval Forces .Jan.. p 5 4 Ps.le. Ernie article on Sicilian . campaign :. . . . . . .Sept.. P . 3 4 Qualiflcations for specialist (U) .July. p . 70 Qualifications for specialist ( C ). Dec p . 64 Quarters and Fanuly Allowa.nces ..................... .Am.. P. 3 0 Radio programs Navys .Apr.. p 28 Raft. (photo how board to series) .................... .Feb.. p 4 7 living on rubber .......... .May. p . 1 2 Raids. air. on Europe ......... .June. p . 18 Railroads and servicemen ..... .Sept.. p 7 3 Raincoats for chief petty officers.Jan., p 6 7 Ramsey. Rear Admiral D C appointed Chief of BuAer .Aug.. P . 3 1 Rank of commodore restored .. .May. P 4 7 Ranks and ratesof U S Navy .May. p. 2 9 Rates. 17 new .Nov.. p 7 2 duties of ................ .May. P 37 of U S Navy. ranks and .May. p 2 9 Rating. and advancement changes in .Feb.. p 5 Ratings. enlisted : abbreviations .May. p 33 descriptions of p .May. 37 duties of p .May. 37 path of advancement ..... .May. p 36 . Pay grades ...............May. p 33 Reclaiming vessels .Nov.. p 1 0 Recognition system. new ...... ..Tune. D 1 7 Recreation centers . new . in South Paciflc. Newfoundiand .July. p. 33 Recreation. Navys program ... .Aug.. p . 1 4 Refrigerator distribution 1imited.Oct .. D. 6 9 Regular Navy. appointments to.Sept.p 7 2 Regulations for Navy athletes .Sept.. p 7 4 . uniform ................. .Aue.. D . 6 7 Reimbursement personal effects.D&. p 2 6 Reissue orders for enlisted men J a n . p . 38 Rendova Allies invade .Aug.. p 2 Rensselaer Tech., scholarshix, f o r ....................... p .Aug.. 71 Repair by work. civilians . . . . ..Nov.. p . 1 0 Reorganization of BuPers . . . . . . .Jan.. p 2

fates available ............ .Sept.. p 7 4 Requests for sea duty from retiredofficers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sept.. p . 73 Rescue men missing 6 6 days . . .July. p 3 4 Reservations. hotel. needed . . . . .Dec.. p 65 Reserve Medal. Naval retired service credited for . D m .. p 66 Reserve officers show value . . . . .Jan.. 11. 6 Rest center. Nary gets. in Rermuda .Apt-.. p . 37 opened .Jan.. p 11 Retired officers. requests for sea duty from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sept.. p 7 3 Retired credited service for Naval Reservc Medal ....... .Dec.. p . 66 Return transportation from leave. provision for . . . . . . . . ..June. p 58 Review of Navy war year .Dec.. p 8 . Ribbons.campaig.n ........... .Feb.. p 56 complete summary of .Mar.. p 35 Ribbons natural color pictures of all Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mar.. p . 38 Ribbons. ranks and rates. prices of pamphlet reprints Oct., P 70 Sept., p 7 4 IZich.eZieu, French warship (photo) ................... .Apr .. P . 2 1 Rickenbacker Capt Eddie. on Funafuti ...................June. P 2 0 Rifieman medal .............. .Oct.. p 67 Rockwell. Real Admiral Francis W., amphibious commander .July. p 2 Role of Naval ordnance in war . .May. p 2 Roosevelt. outline Churchill .Mar p 1 9 strategy Mrs Eleanor. christens Yorktown (photo) .Feb p 9 Ross. Barney on Guadalcanal . Mar., p 33 Rotation of duty enlisted for JUIY p 67 men ....................... ibid .Sept.. p 71 Rubber raft. how to live on .May. P . 1 2 Russell Islands. U S occupies June. p 9 Sailors with Army uniforms for.Oct., p 69 . Salvage of Pearl Harbor ships.Nov., p . 1 4 miracles of ..............Nov.. P 10 of uss Lafayette (Normand i e ) ...................Sept., P 1 3 Sansone Cpl Leonard. creator of Wolf ................. .July. p 2 2 Santa Cruz Islands.. battle of .Feb.. P 11 School. Navy. f o r cwilians .July. p 2 6 Science. advances in. during 1 9 4 2 ...................... .Jan.. p . 32 Scrap (from the battle fronts) .Am.. P 3 1 battle off Aleutians . . . . . . .June. p . i 9 duty. requests for ........ .June. P 5 7 duty. requests from retired officers for ............ .Sept.. P . 73 it water. Navy makes drinkable ............. .July. p 1 4 ..... .Nov.. P 3 Sea-air fleetproductionof Sea-going trucks (photograph) .June. P 47 Seabees. how they have grown .July. P 1 8 Security. need for guarding . . . .Sept., p . 7 2 Second year of war. graphic highlights of ............... .Dec.. p 20 Se1ectio.n Drocram . enlisted mens.Oct .. 2 D Selective iervlce inductees. physical requirements lowered for ....................... .July. P. 68 p.Mar.. adopts Navy .6 Servicemen duty gifts. of ...... Feb., p 7 1 Service school entrance qualiflcations modified ......... .Sept.. p . 73 Shark repellent developed . . . . . .June. p 55 still Shellhacks.. Pollywogs .Oct.. p 1 4 become .................... Shepler Lt Dwight C., combat artist .................... p .Sept.. 25 ....... .. P 1 0 Ship. .Sept how abandon to salvage. miracle of .Nov.. p . 1 0 surgery. work civilians miracles of ........... .Nov.. p . 1 0 ........ .Nov.. p . 33 yards. women in losses. comparative. U S and japan ............. .Feb.. p . 1 2 Ships named in honor of naval heroes .................... .Oct.. p 49 sunk at Pearl Harbor salvaged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Nov., p . 33 U S production of . . . . . . . . .Nov.. p 2 Shipping problems solved by new containers . . . . . . . . . . . . .Apr.. p 2 5 Shipwrecked mcn. new aids for (photographs) . . . . . . . . . . . . .Aug.. p 2 5 Shop. womans place is in the . .Nov.. p 33 -Daily Dope Sheet (NAS. Norfolk) . Shore duty for officers ....... .Nov.. p 75 Hey-I think our wheels are out establishments. Alms avail.Oct for able ............... .. p 69 of line! facilities aroduction of Nov p 3

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Shnrt list of words and phrases: French ................. .July. p 2 9 German Oct., p . 33 Italian .Sept.. p . 5 7 Japanese .May. p 2 5 Portuguese .Aug.. p . 2 3 Spanish .June. p 1 5 Sicily. Allies invade ........... .Aug.. p. 3 AmericanNavy at .Sept.. p 3 4 Side.going over the . . . . . . . . . . .Nov.. p 69 Slate gray uniforms authorized for c.P.0.~ ................Scpt.. p 7 2 ceiling prices .Aua.. on p 67 Small arms medals .July. .......... p 69 Smith. Vancc M Coast Guardsman. 2 1 days on lost yawl .Feb.. p 1 5 Solomon Islands. native is decorated .................... . .Mar .. n . 30 bases. value of our ........ .Mar.. p . 2 battles get names .Am.. p 1 2 warfare incidents ....... .Fcb.. p 27 SouthDakota uss . . . . . . . . . . . .Nov .. D. 2 2 .. South Pacific. .acti0.n in ....... .Apr.. P 1 3 medical reuort from ...... .May. p . 14 Souvenirs mailing of .Dec .. 66 D Soviet....... nianen I%id Germans . . . . . . (photograph) I. . . . . . . . . . .Aug.. p 2 9 . . . .June. p. 16 Spanish.wordandphrases SDealman. L t . ( i c ) Claire R . -discovers methodto make sea drinkable water p .July. ........... .1 5 Special breast .May. insignia p 39 delivery worldwide . . . . . . .July. p 2 0 Special section. war anniversary .Dec.. p . 7 Specialist (G) qualiflcations for.Dec., p . 64 Soecialist ( U ) aualifications for July. P 7 0 Npencer sinks a .U.boat ......... .July. p. 1 Sports events. 1 9 4 2 .Jan.. p 3 2 Staff college. ArmyandNavy opens .................... .Sept.. p. 3 1 officers designatians of . . . .May. P. 2 9 work . Aomoleted . . . . . . . . . .AUP. _ 6 6 I D . ............. .Jan.. p . 66 Star.newvisible in .Dec.. p 6 3 State primaries voting Storesnamed seli to Waves uniforms ................. .Mar.. P. 50 Story behind Battleship X ( S o u t hD a k o t a ) ........... .Nov.. P 22 uss Alabama uss Indiana uss Massachusetts of auxiliary carriers .May. p 2 2 of escort carrier . . . . . . . . . . Oct., p 1 9 Streeter. Mrs Ruth Cheney. director of Marine Women Reserves .................... .Mar.. p 1 5 Submarine combat insiania . (new) .................... .May. P 39 duty. volunteers needed for.Oct., p 6 7 hits ten Jap ships .June. p. 1 4 insignia for medical officers .Aug .. p . 7 1 (photograph) life aboard .Oct.. P 1 0 sinks 1 3 J a p s h i p s ..........Apr.. p 5 sinkings b s Cats intwo .July.oceans ................ p. 2 3 Task Unit 21.14 versus .Dec.. 2 p visited by Marine corre. spondent .............. .Feb.. P 1 6 Wahoos v o v a ~ e . . . . . . . . .Mar.. D . 1 2 . ~ Subsistence allowance increased 304 per day .Dec. p 6 4 Summer uniform for Marines .May.. D 1 9 Survivors. Drocedures for ...... .Dec.. b. 26 .. reimbui-sement of ........ .Dee.. p Z G Supplying the fleet. civilians .Nov.. p 2 0

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HospitalHi-Lites(NH. T. H.).

Aiea Heights .

Just omce aroumd

the harbor, for m y girl-please. Page 71

Surf, how to swim through. . . .May, I).16 Surgeon General, report from ............. P 33 . .Jan., Pacific South Surrender of the Italian Flect. .Oct., I. )8 Swimmingthroughburning oil and surf .May, p. 1 6 with clothes .Feb., p. 4 5 Table of pay, Naval service.. .May, p. 22 family allswances .Jan., p. 5 4 Tags, identification ..........Aug., p. 6 5 .Dec., p 2 . :ask payment act, summary l a x Unit 21.14. of.Aug., 1). 10 Taxes, Federal income. . . . . . . .Jan., p. 1 3 Tcmporary appointment. promotion forms ............. .Sept., p. 77 duty orders. proerdure. . . .June, p. 58 Tenth fleet, antisubmarine. organized ..................... .Dec., p. 4 Text of college training plan by Stimson and Knox.. . . . . . . . .Jan., p. 5 0 Time, pony edition o f . ......Sept., p. 73 Tokyo bombed from Hornet, re.May. yealed .................... p. 24 Tomich. Peter,CWT(PA),tri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Dec., p. 46 to bute Torpedo Squadron 8 avenged..May. P. 11 . Toroedo.,one fired. .......... .July. P. 25 . . TraDiv Letter, April issue. .Am.. ... P. 29 explains training aids. .... .Mar., p. 2 8 Training orders, course prop. cedures .................... 46 for enlisted Training courses men, history of.. . . . . . . . . . . .Jan., p. 39 . Training program, Navy college. Mar., p. 1 4 Training specialists in college. .Jan., p 50 . Transportationfromleave, return, provision of. ........ .June. p. 58 Travel allowance, information on ........................ Feb.. p. 29 TributetoTexasbySecretary Rnox ..................... .Jan., p. 1 6 Tulagi. Marines adventures on. Feb.. p. 27 Tunis, liberated men andwomen welcome allied armv. ...... .July, p. 3 3 Types of U. S. landin& craft.. .Nov.. p. 38 Typhoon, new R A F flghter .June, p. 47 (photograph) Typical civilians in Navy.. .Nov., p. 24 U-boats.one sunk each day.. .Sept., p. 8 u a a Borie attacks .Dec., p. 2 Task Unit 21.14 versus.. .Dee.. p, 2 War.Navygains in . . . . . .July. p. 1 2 Uniform gratuity for retired Reserve officers recalled to active duty ...................... .Dec... .D. 64 UniformRegulations.return of copies asked .Dec., p. 65 Uniforms civilian technician .Oct.. p. 6 9 men at gray, enlisted for sea ................... .Oct.. p. 67 Marines, summer ........ .May, p. 1 9 Navy men with Armv. ... .Oct.. D. 69 new, for Coast Guard. ... .Feb.; p 48 . new Waves ............. .Nov.. p. 78 officers new (photograph). .June. p. 31 regulatians . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AUK.,p. 67 regulations. chances in. .. .Fc?h.. D 3 2 . regulations; changes in. .. .July; p $3 . slate gray. ceiling prices of .AUK..p. 6; stores named to sell Wave. Mar.. . 50 . n. Waves, Spars .Feb., p. 4 6 Waves get slacks whites. .Mar., p. 20 slate gray, ceilingprices of.hug., p. 6 i Unitcitation,presidential,rules relaxed .Aug., P. 69

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Up pcriscopc (and down Jnps !), s ~ t b n ~ a r i ~it v . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oct., p. 1 0 l ft. U. S. a t t z r k s A t t u . . . . . . . . . . . . .June. p. 6 decwrations nnrl 11wt1nIs. Sept.. p. 22 fighting man. pocll1. . . . . . . .Mar., I).i 0 of .Nov., p. 3 Naval production, index U. S. C. G . rescues 23.5 nwn from Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .July. p. 17

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THIS MONTHS COVERS

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Vote. how and when you may. .Dec.. p. 63 Voting. state primaries .Dec.. p. 6:: V-7 math requirements lowered in qualifications for.. .Oct., p. 6 7

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Wahoo running, Japanese gun.Mar., ning ..................... p. 1 2 Wake Marine honored. . . . . . . . .Jan., p. 6 7

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On the shore near Salerno members of a Navy beach battalion and Coast Guardsmen diginbythe,fingernails underbombattack. A n LST stands by in the background. Hitting the beach is almost the password for this year of Navy offensives,reviewed in the War Anniversary section in this issue. INSIDE FRONT COVER: The first wave goes in at Bougainville, with U. S. Marines heading for the beach at Empress Augusta Bay. Coast Guardsmen mannedinvasioncraft,and a U.S . Navy task force supported the landing. OPPOSITE PAGE: Cheek to cheek precision flying iswhat it takes to provide a picture like this. Nine Kingfisher Scout planes (OS2U) line up for aerial maneuvers and produce a shot that is a photographers dream. (Inside front cover picture by U . S . Coast Guard; others Official U. S. Navy Photographs.)

Women do their Dart.

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enlisted rates

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French German

................. .July, p. 2 9 ................. .Oct..n. 3 3

Portuguese Spanish

................. .June, P. 15

............. .AUK.p. 2 3

1
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THE INFORMAT

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