Visual Anthropology: some history, theory and method Marcus Banks, Visiting Professor University of Vienna, December 2009

marcus.banks@anthro.ox.ac.uk
References for all lectures Lecture 1 Introduction to visual anthropology Banks, Marcus and Howard Morphy (eds) 1997 Rethinking Visual Anthropology. London: Yale University Press. Berger, J.1973. Chapter 5 In Ways of Seeing. Penguin Books Ltd. Burke, P. 2006. Eyewitnessing: The uses of Images as historical evidence. Reaktion Books Edwards, E. 1992. Anthropology and Photography: 1860-1920. New Haven: University of New Mexico Press. - - - 2001. Raw Histories. Oxford: Berg publishers. -- - 2004. Photographs, Objects, Histories. London: Routledge. Grimshaw, A. and A. Ravetz (eds) 2004. Visualizing Anthropology. Hall, S. 1997. The Work of Representation. In S. Hall Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publications. p. 13-64. Harper, D. 2001. Changing Works: Visions of a Lost Agriculture . Chicago: University of Chicago Hebdige, D. 1988. Hiding in the Light. Hockings, Paul (ed.) 1995 Principles of visual anthropology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. MacDougall, David. 1998 Transcultural Cinema. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Mirzoeff, N. 1999. Introduction: What is Visual Culture? In his Visual Culture Reader. Pink, S. , L. Kurti and A. Alfonso (eds.) 2005. Working Images. Oxford: Berg Publishing. Pinney, C. 1997. Camera Indica: The Social Life of Indian Photographs. London: Reaktion. Lecture 2 Method in visual anthropology Banks, Marcus 'Visual research methods'. Social Research Update 11 (1995) [also online at: <http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/Sru.html> ---Using visual data in qualitative research. Sage (2007) Collier, J and Collier, M. 1986. Visual Anthropology: photography as a research method. U. of New Mexico Press. Mead, M. (1995 [1975]) 'Visual anthropology in a discipline of words', in P. Hockings (ed.), Principles of visual anthropology, Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 3-10 Niessen, S. (1991) 'More to it than meets the eye: photo-elicitation among the Batak of Sumatra', Visual Anthropology, 4: 415-30 Pink, Sarah Doing visual ethnography : images, media and representation in research. London: Sage (2001)

Sharples, M., Davison, L., Thomas, G. and Rudman, P. (2003) 'Children as photographers: an analysis of children's photographic behaviour and intentions at three age levels', Visual Communication, 2: 303-30. Suchar, C. (1997) 'Grounding visual sociology research in shooting scripts', Qualitative Sociology, 20: 33-55. Turner, T. (1990) 'Visual media, cultural politics and anthropological practice: some implications of recent uses of film and video among the Kayap of Brazil', CVA Review, Spring: 8-12. Turner, T. (1992) 'Defiant images: the Kayapo appropriation of video', Anthropology Today, 8: 5-16. Lecture 3 Learning to see and hear - practical class no readings Lecture 4 A history of ethnographic film (Parts I and II) Banks, Marcus (1992) Which films are the ethnographic films?. In Crawford, Peter and David Turton (eds) Film as ethnography. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ---- (1994) Television and anthropology: an unhappy marriage?. Visual Anthropology 7.1 ---- (1996) Film. In Barnard, Alan and Jonathan Spencer (eds) Encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology. London: Routledge. Bateson, Gregory and Margaret Mead (1942) Balinese character: a photographic analysis. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. de Brigard, Emilie (1975) The history of ethnographic film. In Hockings, Paul (ed) Principles of visual anthropology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter Dunlop, Ian (1986) Strangers abroad: Fieldwork - but whose filmwork? Anthropology Today 2.6 Ginsburg, Faye (1988) Ethnographies on the airwaves: the presentation of anthropology on American, British and Japanese television. Senri Ethnological Studies 24: Cinematographic theory and new directions in ethnographic film (eds Hockings and Omori) Grimshaw, Anna (1997) The eye in the door: anthropology, film and the exploration of interior space. In Banks, Marcus and Howard Morphy (eds) Rethinking visual anthropology. London and New Haven: Yale University Press. Grimshaw, Anna (2001) The ethnographers eye: ways of seeing in modern anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Henley, Paul (1985) British ethnographic film: recent developments. Anthropology Today 1.1 Hughes, Stephen (2000) Policing silent film exhibition in South Indian cinema. In Vasudevan, Ravi (ed.) Making meaning in Indian cinema. New Delhi: Oxford University Press Jordan, Pierre-L (1992) Cinma [Premier contact, premier regard series]. Avignon: Lafont Lee, Richard and I. DeVore (eds) (1968) Man the hunter. Chicago: Aldine Loizos, Peter (1980) Granada Televisions Disappearing World series: an appraisal. American Anthropologist 82.3 Liozos, Peter (1993) Innovation in ethnographic film. Manchester: Manchester University Press MacDougall, David (1975) Beyond observational film. In Hockings, Paul (ed) Principles of visual anthropology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter MacDougall, David (1998) Transcultural cinema. Princeton: Princeton University Press

Mead, Maraget (1975) Introduction: visual anthropology in a discipline of words. In Paul Hockings (ed.) Principles of visual anthropology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Mead, Margaret and Frances MacGregor (1951) Growth and culture: a photographic study of Balinese childhood. New York: Putnam Morphy, Howard and Marcus Banks (1997) Introduction: rethinking visual anthropology. In Banks, Marcus and Howard Morphy (eds) Rethinking visual anthropology. London and New Haven: Yale University Press. Nichols, Bill (1991) Representing relality: issues and concepts in documentary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press Pinney, Christopher (1992) The parallel histories of anthropology and photography. In Edwards, Elizabeth (ed.) Anthropology and photography: 1860-1920. London and New Haven: Yale University Press. Robinson, David (1996) Realizing the vision: 300 years of cinematography. In Christopher Williams (ed) Cinema: the beginnings and the future. London: University of Westminster Press Williams, Raymond (1976) Keywords. London: Fontana [entry on History] Winston, Brian (1995) Claiming the real: the documentary film revisited. London: British Film Institute Lecture 5 Visuality and the body Banks, Marcus (1997) Representing the bodies of the Jains. In Banks, Marcus and Howard Morphy (eds) Rethinking visual anthropology. London: Yale University Press Bateson, Gregory and Margaret Mead (1942) Balinese character: a photographic analysis. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. Douglas, Mary (1970) Natural symbols: explorations in cosmology. London: Cresset Press [see especially Chapter 5 The two bodies] Durkheim, mile (1933 [1893]) The division of labour in society. Glencoe: Free Press Durkheim, mile and Marcel Mauss (1963 [1901-02]) Primitive classification. Chicago: Chicago University Press Gell, Alfred (1993) Wrapping in images: tattooing in Polynesia. Oxford: Clarendon Press Heider, Karl (1976) Ethnographic film. Austin: University of Texas Press Hertz, Robert (1960) Death and the right hand. New York: Cohen and West Huxley, T.H. (1863) Evidence as to mans place in nature. London: Williams and Norgate Jackson, Michael (1983) Knowledge of the body. Man 18: 327 Lvi-Strauss, Claude (1962 [1958) Split representation in the art of Asia and America. In his Structural anthropology. London: Penguine Books Lomax, Alan (1995 [1975]) Audiovisual tools for the analysis of culture style. In Hockings, Paul (ed.) Principles of visual anthropology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter MacDougall, David (1997) The visual in anthropology. In Banks, Marcus and Howard Morphy (eds) Rethinking visual anthropology. London: Yale University Press Mauss, Marcel (1979 [1935]) Body techniques. In Mauss, Marcel Sociology and psychology. London: Routledge Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1962) The phenomenology of perception. London: Routledge Nichols, Bill (1991) Pornography, ethnography, and the discourses of power. In his Representing reality: issues and concepts in documentary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press

Nichols, Bill (1991) Representing the body: questions of meaning and magnitude. In his Representing reality: issues and concepts in documentary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press Prost, Jack (1995 [1975]) Filming body behavior. In Hockings, Paul (ed.) Principles of visual anthropology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1952 [1935]) On the concept of function in social science. In his Structure and function in primitive society. London: Cohen and West Spencer, Frank (1992) Some notes on the attempt to apply photography to anthropometry during the second half of the nineteenth century. In Edwards, Elizabeth (ed.) Anthropology and photography: 1860-1920. London: Yale University Press Turner, Bryan (1992) Regulating bodies: essays in medical sociology. London: Routledge Lecture 6 Visuality and identity Barthes, Roland (1981) Camera lucida. New York: Hill and Wang Chavez, Leo (2001) Covering immigration: popular images and the politics of the nation. Berkeley: University of California Press Hamilton, Peter and Roger Hargreaves (2001) The beautiful and the damned: the creation of identity in nineteenth century photography.Aldershot: Lund Humphries / National Portrait Gallery Houston, Penelope (1994) Keepers of the frame: the film archives. London: British Film Institute Pinney, Christopher (1997) Camera Indica: the social life of Indian photographs. London: Reaktion MacDougall, David (1998) The fate of the cinema subject in his Transcultural cinema. Princeton: Princeton University Press Mauss, Marcel (1985 [1938]) A category of the human mind: the notion of person, the notion of self. In Carrithers, Michael, Steven Collins and Steven Lukes (eds) The category of the person: anthropology, philosophy, history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Ruby, Jay (1995) Secure the shadow: death and photography in America. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Spence, Jo (1986) Putting myself in the picture: a political, personal and photographic autobiography. London: Camden Press Usai, Paolo Cherchi (1994) Burning passions: an introduction to the study of silent cinema. London: British Film Institute Williams, Brackette (1989) A class act: anthropology and the race to nation across ethnic terrain. Annual Review of Anthropology 18 Lecture 7 Audiences and ethics ASA (Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth) (1999) Ethical guidelines for good practice. London: ASA [also online at <www.theasa.org.uk> - click on Ethics] Banks, Marcus (1988) Reading Raju: a study guide to the film Raju and his friends. Oxford/London: ISCA/RAI Banks, Marcus (1996) Constructing the audience through ethnography. In Crawford and Hafsteinsson (eds) Banks, Marcus (2001) Visual methods in social research. London: Sage Berger, John (1980) Uses of photography. In About looking. London: Writers and Readers

Crawford, Peter I. and Sigurjon Baldur Hafsteinsson (1996) (eds) The construction of the viewer. Hjbjerg: Intervention Press Gross, Larry, J S Katz and J Ruby (eds) (1988) Image ethics. New York: Oxford University Press Gross, Larry, J S Katz and J Ruby (eds) (2003) Image ethics in the digital age. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press Jhala, Jayasinhji (1996) The unintended audience. In Crawford and Hafsteinsson (eds) MacDougall, David (1998) Ethnographic film: failure and promise. In Transcultural cinema. Princeton: Princeton University Press [originally published 1978: Annual Reviews in Anthropology 7] Martnez, Wilton (1990) Critical studies and visual anthropology: aberrant vs. anticipated readings of ethnographic film.. CVA Review, Spring. Martnez, Wilton (1992) Who constructs anthropological knowledge? Towards a theory of ethnographic film spectatorship. In Crawford, Peter and David Turton (eds) Film as ethnography. Manchester: Manchester University Press Pryluck, Calvin (1988 [1976]) Ultimately we are all outsiders: the ethics of documentary filming. In Alan Rosenthal (ed.) New challenges for documentary. Berkeley: University of California Press Winston, Brian (1988 ) The tradition of the victim in Griersonian documentary. In Gross, Larry, J S Katz and J Ruby (eds) Image ethics. New York: Oxford University Press [reprinted in Alan Rosenthal (ed.) (1988) New challenges for documentary. Berkeley: University of California Press] Wollen, Peter (1972) Signs and meaning in the cinema MB December 2009