1. Amount of Blood: 4 to 6 L average, 7% to (% of body weight (depends on size & sex) 2.

Anemia: Inability of blood to carry adequate oxygen to tissues; caused by 1) Inadequate RBC numbers, 2) Deficiency of hemoglobin, 3) Pernicious anemia--deficiency of Vit B12 3. Antibody: Substance made by body in response to stimulation by an antigen 4. Antigen: substance that can activate immune system 5. Artificial Active Immunity: production of one's own antibodies or T cells as a result of vaccination against diseases 6. Artificial Passive Immunity: protective material developed in anothers immune system and given to non-immune person, immediate temp protection, booster is needed. AIDS 7. AV (atrioventricular) node: located in the right atrium along the lower part of the interatrial septum 8. AV bundle (bundle of his): located in the septum of the ventricle 9. Basophils: function to release histamine which inhibits clotting, enhances inflamitory response, rarest .5% of all WBCs 10. Blood Clot Formation: Clotting factors released at injury site produce prothrombin activator, prothrombin activator and calcium convert prothrombin to thrombin, thrombin triggers formation of fibrin, which traps RBCs to form a clot, Vit. K important in blood clotting, 11. Blood Plasma: Blood minus its cells, 91% of Blood is Plasma 12. Blood Pressure: pressure the blood exercts against the inner walls of the blood vessels, and it is the force that keeps that blood ciruculation continousely even between heartbeats. 13. Blood Types: A, B, AB and O. Type O is the universal donor and AB blood is known as the universal recipient. 14. Blood Vessels: Artery-away from heart, veins-from body to heart, Capillaries-connects arterys to veins 15. Buffy Coat: a thin light colored layer of white blood cells and platelets than lie between a top layer of plasma and red blood cells 16. Carbaminoglobin: hemoglobin and carbondioxide 17. Cardiac Cycle: Heartbeat is regular and rhythmic, each complete beat is called a cardiac cycle--av. is about 72 beats per min. 60/100 p/m 18. Cardiac output: amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute; ave. is about 5L per min. at rest 19. Chambers of the Heart: RA, RV, LA, LV 20. Count: RBC--4.5 to 5 million per mm/cubed, WBC--5000 to 10,000 per mm/cubed, Platelets 300,000 per mm/cubed (of blood) 21. Each cycle: about 0.8 sec. long, subdivided into systole (contraction phase) and diastole (relaxation phase) 22. Eosinophils: The white blood cells that produce antihistamines and combat irritants that cause allergies, such as pollen or cat hair. 23. Erythroblastosis Fetalis: disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; this condition necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus 24. Formation of Blood Cells: Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) forms all blood cells except some lymphocytes & monocytes

25. Formation of Lymphocytes & Monocytes: Formed by lymphatic tissue in the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. 26. Formed elements of Blood: RBC, WBC, Platelets or thrombocytes 27. Funciton RBC: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide 28. Granular Leukocytes: neutrophils (most abundant 60% to 70% phagocytosis), eosinophils, basophils 29. Hematocrit: a measuring instrument to determine (usually by centrifugation) the relative amounts of corpuscles and plasma in the blood 30. hepatic portal circulation: unique blood route thru liver, blood fr spleen, stomach, pancreas, gallblader & intestines sent to liver, 80% 02 poor, rich in nutrients 31. Layers of the Heart: Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium (outer to inner) 32. Leukemia: Cancer, elevated WBC count, cells do not funciton properly 33. Leukocytes: White blood cells. Larger in size than RBC's and fewer in number. Five different types preform different functions-all some way work in the immune system. Manufactured in bone marrow and lymphoid system. 34. Leukocytosis: Abnormally high WBC count 35. Leukopenia: Abnormally low WBC count 36. lymph: a clear colorless fluid recovered by the lymphatic system. contains a large number of lymphocytes as well as macrophages, hormones, bacteria, viruses, cellular debris, or even traveling cancer cells 37. Lymphocytes: are the two types of white blood cells of the immune system that fight bacterial infections (B lymphocytes) and viruses, cancer cells, and foreign substances in the body (T lymphocytes), 38. Monocytes: an agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage 39. Natural Active Immunity: passed from mother to fetus B4 birth. ( gives it natural autoimmunity to certain diseases) 40. Natural Passive Immunity: temporatry immunity that results from aquiring antibodies produced by another person, the only methods are when we are fetuses through the placenta or during breast feeding 41. Neutrophils: most abundant WBCs, engulf microbes by phagocytosis 42. Nongranular leukocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes 43. Oxyhemoglobin: Combines oxygen and hemoglobin 44. Pericardium: a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart 45. Platelets: tiny cell fragments that clump together at the site of a wound to help form a bood clot 46. Polycythemia: Abnormally high RBC count 47. Pulmonary Circulation: carries blood to and from the lungs; arteries deliver deoxgenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange, path goes from right ventricle through pulmonary arteries lungs, pulmonary veins, to left atrium 48. Purkinje Fibers: located in the walls of the ventricles (myocardium) 49. RBC Strucutre: Disk-shaped, without nuclei

50. RBCs: Red Blood Cell (erythrocytes) 51. Rh Factor: the presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fetal anemia. Rh positive: the presence of antigens; Rh negative: the absence of antigens 52. SA (sinoatrial node): the pacemaker, located in the wall of the right atrium near the opeining of the superior vena cava 53. Serum: blood plasma minus clotting factors such as fibrin 54. Stroke Volume: volume of blood ejected from one ventricle with each beat 55. Systemic Circulation: carries blood throughout the body, path goes from left ventricle through aorta, smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, venae cavae, to right atrium 56. Thoracic Duct: receives lymph from all other areas of the body with the exception of the right arm, right side of head, and right chest. It empties into the venous circulation at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian vein 57. Thymus: the primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum; helps maintain the body's immune response by producing T lymphocytes 58. Thymus & Spleen: lymph found in these organs 59. Type A Blood: can give blood to people with type A blood or type AB blood, can receive blood from people with type O blood or type A blood 60. Type AB + Blood: can give blood to only people with type AB blood, can receive blood from anyone 61. Type B Blood: can give blood to people with type B blood or type AB blood, can receive blood from people with type O blood or type B blood 62. Type O - Blood: can give blood to anyone, can receive blood from someone with type O only, universal donor, no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies 63. Valves of the Heart: Atrioventricular and Semilunar valves 64. WBCs: White Blood Cell (leukocytes)