GA-3 Modern History (FN)

GA-3 Modern History
(Faculty Notes)
Time: 120 Minutes
 Topics to be covered:
 India Under British Rule
 Governor Generals
 Revolt of 1857
 Viceroys of India
 Important Newspapers and Journals During that Era
 Important National Movements
 Partition of Bengal
 Swadeshi Movement
 Muslim League
 Surat session of Indian National Movement
 Morley-Minto Reforms
 Lucknow Pact
 Jallianwala Massacre
 Khilafat Movement
 Non-Cooperation Movement
 Chauri Chaura
 Swaraj Party
 Simon Commission
 Lahore Session
 Dandi March
 Gandhi Irwin Pact
 Demand for Pakistan
 Cripps Mission
 Quit India Movement
 Indian National Army
 Cabinet Mission Plan
 Formation of the Constituent Assembly
 Mountbatten Plan
 Partition of India
 Important Battles during that Era
 Introduction & Theory: 100 minutes
 The last 20 minutes can be utilized for the feedback of the class exercise and for solving doubts and queries of the
students.
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENTS TO BE MADE BY THE FACULTY

MEMBERS:
1. All students are ―REQUIRED‖ to take Home Assignments 1 and 2 based on the topics
covered in this class by logging into their PSIS account and visiting the “Assignments &
Study Material” section followed by “General Awareness” and the “Home
Assignment” tab. The tests are in addition to the Home Assignment provided at the end
of this class handout and can be taken on Mobile Phone or Desktop.
2. This class covers Chapter 1 of the Knowledge Primer. Students are advised to further
strengthen the topics covered in class from the given chapter.
GA-3 (Modern History) – Faculty Notes
1. What is the correct sequence of the following events?

1. Rowlatt Act 2. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
3. Morley-Minto Reforms 4. Ilibert Bill
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1-2-4-3 (b) 4-3-1-2 (c) 4-1-3-2 (d) 3-4-1-2
The Rowlatt Act (1919)
• In 1917, a committee was set up under the presidentship of Sir Sydney Rowlatt to look into the militant
Nationalist activities. On the basis of its report the Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919 by the Central
Legislative Council.
• As per this Act, any person could be arrested on the basis of suspicion. No appeal or petition could be filed
against such arrests. This Act was called the Black Act and it was widely opposed. An all-India hartal was
organized on 6 April 1919. Meetings were held all over the country.
• Mahatma Gandhi was arrested near Delhi. Two prominent leaders of Punjab, Dr Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin
Kitchlew, were arrested in Amritsar.
Gandhi Irwin Pact (1931)
The Pact was signed due to the efforts of Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Dr. Jayakar and others to bring about a
compromise between the Government and the Congress. The Government agreed to withdraw all ordinances
& release all political prisoners and permitted free collection or manufacture of salt.
Morley–Minto Reforms (1909)
In 1909, the British Government announced certain reforms in the structure of the Government of India. They
were intended to win over the confidence of the moderates. By this act, one Indian member (Lord S.P. Sinha)
was taken in the executive council of the viceroy. The introduction of separate electorates for the Muslims was a
clear indication of the British policy of ―Divide and Rule‖.
The Ilbert Bill was a bill introduced in 1883 for British India by Viceroy Ripon that proposed an amendment
for existing laws in the country at the time to allow Indian judges and magistrates the jurisdiction to try British
offenders in criminal cases at the District level, something that was disallowed at the time.
2. Delhi became the capital of India in which year?
(a) 1910 (b) 1911 (c) 1916 (d) 1923
3. Who among the following was the first President of the Muslim League?
(a) Muhammad Ali Jinnah (b) Shaukat Ali
(c) Nawab Salimullah (d) Aga Khan
Formation of Muslim League (1906): The Muslim league was founded in Dacca (now Dhaka) by Aga Khan
and Nawab Alimullah of Dacca played an important role in its formation. The objectives of the league were to
create and promote a sense of loyalty among the Muslims towards the British govt. and to protect the political
rights and other interests of the Muslims. With the formation of the Muslim league, the British had succeeded in
introducing communal politics in India. It ultimately led to the formation of Pakistan.
Mohammed Ali Jinnah was an Indian Muslim politician, who was the founder and first governor-general
(1947–48) of Pakistan. He joined the Muslim League in 1913. The league had formed a few years earlier to
represent the interests of Indian Muslims in a predominantly Hindu country, and by 1916 he was elected its
president. He successfully campaigned for an independent Pakistan and became its first leader. He is known there
as 'Quaid-I Azam' or 'Great Leader„.
Shaukat Ali helped his brother Mohammad Ali publish the Urdu weekly Hamdard and the English
weekly Comrade. In 1919, he was elected as the last president of the Khilafat conference. He was re-arrested
and imprisoned from 1921 to 1923 for his support to Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress
during the Non-Cooperation Movement (1919–1922). He opposed the 1928 Nehru Report, demanding
separate electorates for Muslims and finally Khilafat Committee rejected Nehru Report.
Attended the first and second Round Table Conferences in London In 1936, Ali joined the All India
Muslim League and became a close political ally of and campaigner for Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the future founder
of Pakistan.
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Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur (1871–1915) was the fourth Nawab of Dhaka and one of the leading
Muslim politicians during the British Raj. In the wake of partition of Bengal in 1905, he consulted with Nawab
Muhsinul Mulk at Aligarh over the issue of formation of the All India Muslim League. In 1906, the Muslim League
was officially founded and Salimullah played a pioneering role in it. Sir Salimullah was a key patron of education
for the Eastern Bengal. Sir Salimullah was a staunch supporter of the Partition of Bengal and was a member of
East Bengal and Assam Legislative Council from 1906 to 1907. He was also a member of Bengal Legislative
Assembly from 1913 till his death in Calcutta in 1915 at the age of 43. He was the founder President of Bengal
Muslim League in 1907.
Aga Khan III's (1877–1957) played a leading role in founding All India Muslim League. Sir Sultan Muhammad
Shah (Aga Khan III) was appointed the first Honorary President of the Muslim League. His goal was the
advancement of Muslim agendas and protection of Muslim rights in India. Aga Khan boldly told the British Raj
that Muslims must be considered a separate nation within India. He was nominated to represent India to the
League of Nations in 1932 and served as President of the League of Nations from 1937–38.Even after he
resigned as president of the All India Muslim League in 1912, he still exerted major influence on its policies and
agendas.
4. Who said “Swaraj is my Birth right and I shall have it”?
(a) Chittaranjan Das (b) Jawaharlal Nehru (c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Chittaranjan Das - He was a lawyer by profession, he defended Aurobindo in the Alipur Bomb Conspiracy
case. He was the member of the Congress Enquiry Committee set up to look into Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
He founded the All India Swaraj Party in 1923. He was elected as the first mayor of the Calcutta Co-operation
in 1924. He was nicknamed as Deshbandu Chittaranjan.
Jawaharlal Nehru - He took active part in Non-Cooperation Movement; elected President of the Allahabad
Municipal Corporation in 1924, and served for two years as the city's chief executive; Presided over
Congress' annual session in Lahore in 1929 and passed a resolution demanding India's independence; elected
as Congress President in 1936, 1937, and 1946; became first Prime Minister of Independent India; was one of
the main architects of Non-Aligned Movement.
Dadabhai Naoroji - In 1852, he founded Bombay Association. He was instrumental in the establishment of
the Indian National Congress; was President of the Indian National Congress thrice. Dadabhai Naoroji is fondly
called as the "Grand Old Man of India". He established the ―East India Association‖ in England in 1866 to serve as
forum for the ventilation of grievances against the exploitation of British Government.
B. G. Tilak- Considered as Father of Indian National Movement; Founded ―Deccan Education Society‖ to
impart quality education to India's youth; was a member of the Municipal Council of Pune, Bombay Legislature,
and an elected 'Fellow' of the Bombay University; formed Home Rule League in 1916 to attain the goal of Swaraj.
5. The capital of the British Indian Empire was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi because:
(a) Delhi was located as the centre of the empire
(b) The climate of Delhi was more suitable for Europeans
(c) Calcutta was the hotbed of revolutionaries
(d) Delhi was the traditional seat of Imperial powers
6. ‗Mahatma‘ was added before Gandhiji‘s name during which of the following?
(a) Champaran Satyagraha (b) Rowlatt Satyagraha
(c) Amritsar Session of INC in 1919 (d) Initial stages of Khilafat Movement
Champaran Satyagraha Gandhi's first great experiment in Satyagraha came in 1917 in Champaran, a district in
Bihar. The peasantry on the indigo plantations in the district was excessively oppressed by European planters.
They were compelled to grow indigo on at least 3/20th of their land and to sell it at prices fixed by the planters.
Several peasants of Champaran invited him to come and help them. Gandhiji reached Champaran in 1917 and
began to conduct a detailed inquiry into the condition of the peasantry. The infuriated district officials ordered
him to leave Champaran, but he defied the order and was willing to face trial and imprisonment. This forced the
government to cancel its earlier order and to appoint a committee of inquiry on which Gandhiji served as a
member. Ultimately, the disabilities from which the peasantry was suffering were reduced and Gandhiji won his
first battle of Civil Disobedience in India.
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Rowlatt Satyagraha - In 1919, Gandhiji gave a call for a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act, passed by the
British. The Act restricted the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. Mahatma Gandhi,
Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others strongly opposed this Act. A Satyagraha Sabha was formed in 1919. 6 April was
fixed as the date on which Satyagraha would be launched. The Rowlatt Satyagraha as a political campaign was a
failure as it did not attain its objective of the repeal of the Rowlatt Act.
7. Consider the following events during India‘s Freedom Struggle ?
1. Chauri - Chaura Outrage 2. Minto-Morley Reforms
3. Dandi March 4. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the events given above?
(a) 1, 3, 2, 4 (b) 2, 4, 1, 3 (c) 1, 4, 2, 3 (d) 2, 3, 1, 4
Chauri – Chaura (1922) - On 5th February 1922, Congress volunteers were fired at by the police at Chauri
Chaura at Gorakhpur (U. P.). In retaliation, the infuriated mob burned the police station and killed 22 policemen.
After this incident the congress working committee met at Bardoli on February 12, 1922and they called off the
non-cooperation movement, this resolution was popularly known as Bardoli Resolution.
Morley-Minto Reforms - Indian Councils Act of 1909, also called Morley-Minto Reforms, series of
reform measures enacted in 1909 by the British Parliament, the main component of which directly introduced
the elective principle to membership in the imperial and local legislative councils in India. The act was formulated
by John Morley, secretary of state for India (1905–10). The reforms were named after Lord Morley, the
Secretary of State for India and Lord Minto, the Indian Viceroy.
Dandi March (1930) - The II (eleven) points ultimatum‘ of Gandhiji to Lord Irwin after being ignored by the
British government made Gandhi launch the civil disobedience movement on 12 March 1930 with his famous
‗Dandi March‘ (from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi in Gujarat coast) on 6 April. Gandhiji reached Dandi, picked up
a handful of salt and broke the salt law as a symbol of the Indian people‘s refusal to live under British made laws
and therefore under British rule. Significance: It was the movement started with the objective of complete
Independence and involved deliberate violation of laws and was evidently more militant. There was a wide
participation of women. But it was not marked by the same Hindu–Muslim unity which was witnessed during
non-cooperation movement.
Montagu-Chelmsford Report, set of recommendations made to the British Parliament in 1918 that became
the theoretical basis for the Government of India Act of 1919. The report was the result of lengthy
deliberations between Edwin Samuel Montagu, secretary of state for India (1917–22), and Lord
Chelmsford, viceroy of India (1916–21). In August 1917 Montagu had informed the House of Commons that
the policy of the British government toward India was thereafter to be one of ―increasing association of Indians
in every branch of the administration, with a view to the progressive realization of responsible government in
India as an integral part of the empire.‖ Soon afterward Montagu headed a delegation that spent the winter
of 1917–18 in India, during which he held his discussions with Chelmsford. The main element of the
report was the recommendation that control over some aspects of provincial government be passed to
Indian ministers responsible to an Indian electorate.
8. Name the famous person of India who returned the Knighthood conferred on him by the British Government as
a token of protest against the atrocities in Punjab in 1919.
(a) Tej Bahadur Sapru (b) Ashutosh Mukherjee
(c) Rabindra Nath Tagore (d) Syed Ahmed Khan
Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru was a jurist and statesman, important in the progress of British India toward self-
government. Sapru was appointed a member of the governor general's executive council and served on the
Round Table Conferences in London and on the Joint Parliamentary Committee. Sapru worked untiringly in the
role of mediator between the British authority and Indian nationalists and between Hindu and Moslem
leaders. His mediation helped to bring about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), by which the Indian nationalist
leader Mohandas K. Gandhi terminated a civil disobedience campaign and was allowed to attend the second
session of the Round Table Conference. Sapru was also in part responsible for the Poona Pact modifying the
British plan for a separate electorate of Hindu untouchables.
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Ashutosh Mukherjee was honored by the British Crown with the title of 'Sir'; he was a member of the Royal
Asiatic Society of Bengal, a fellow of the Edinburgh Royal Society, and that of Royal Astronomical Society,
Member of the Royal Irish Academy, Member of the Mathematical Societies of London, Edinburgh, Paris,
Palermo and New York. Besides, he founded the Calcutta Mathematical Society in 1908, and continued to be its
President from the beginning until his death on 25 May, 1924.
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore, a leader of the Brahmo
Samaj. The British Crown gave him a knighthood in 1915. However, he gave back the title in 1919 as a protest to
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar. The national anthem of India, was one of the works of Tagore. Tagore‘s
political views were complex. He criticized European colonialism, and supported Indian nationalists. But, he
also criticized the Swadeshi movement of many nationalist leaders of India. Tagore played a key role in
resolving a Gandhi-B. R. Ambedkar dispute involving separate electorates for untouchables
Syed Ahmed Khan was the first man to start a reform movement among the Muslims. This movement
was known as the Aligarh Movement. To him Quran was the only authentic scripture for Islam and
all other Islamic writings are secondary and misnomer. For the safety of the Muslim community in India, he
wanted to maintain cordial relation between the Muslims and the Bruisers. Further, he wanted to provide
modern education to the Muslims.
9. Who among the following was elected as the President of All-India Khilafat Conference when it met at Delhi in
1919?
(a) Motilal Nehru (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) M. A. Jinnah (d) Shaukat Ali
Motilal Nehru was an Indian lawyer, an activist of the Indian National Movement and an important leader of
the Indian National Congress, who also served as the Congress President twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–
1929. He also formed Swaraj Party and was Leader of the Opposition in the Central Legislative Assembly;
prepared a draft Constitution for India.
10. When was the tricolor flag of Indian Independence first unfurled?
(a) At midnight on 31 December, 1929 on the banks of River Ravi
(b) All over the country on 26 January, 1930
(c) On August 15, 1930 at Red Fort
(d) At midnight on January 26, 1926 on the banks of the Ravi
26 January, 1930 - Most Indians recognised 26 January as Republic Day, but not many are aware that on 26
January 1930, exactly 20 years before India became a republic, the Indian National Congress in an electrifying
resolution declared Purna Swaraj-complete freedom from the British Raj. From then on, it was a question of
when -not if- India would become free.
11. Those who joined Mahatma Gandhi during the Champaran struggle included:
(a) Vallabhbhai Patel and Vinoba Bhave
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad
(c) Rajendra Prasad and Anugraha Narayan Sinha
(d) Mahadev Desai and Miniben Patel
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel - He successfully led Kheda Satyagraha and Bardoli revolt against British government;
elected Ahmedabad's municipal president in 1922, 1924 and 1927; elected Congress President in 1931; was
independent India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister; played a key role in political integration of
India; conferred Bharat Ratna in 1991. Sardar Patel was popularly known as Iron Man of India.
Vinoba Bhave - Vinayak Narahari "Vinoba" Bhave was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights.
Often called Acharya, he is best known for the Bhoodan Movement. He is considered as a National Teacher
of India and the spiritual successor of Mohandas Gandhi.
Jawaharlal Nehru - He took active part in Non-Cooperation Movement; elected President of the Allahabad
Municipal Corporation in 1924, and served for two years as the city's chief executive; Presided over
Congress' annual session in Lahore in 1929 and passed a resolution demanding India's independence; elected
as Congress President in 1936, 1937, and 1946; became first Prime Minister of independent India; was one of
the main architects of Non Aligned Movement.
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of independent India. He was the President of the Constituent
Assembly that drafted the Constitution. He had also served as a Cabinet Minister briefly in the first
Government of independent India. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was one of the foremost disciples of Gandhiji and he
played a crucial role in Indian freedom struggle. He was the President of Congress in 1943 and 1939.
Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha (Singh) also known as Bihar Vibhuti, was an Indian statesman who was the first
Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of the Indian state of Bihar (1946–1957).He was also a Member
of the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to write the Constitution of India and served in its
first Parliament as an independent nation. A.N. Sinha, affectionately called "Babu Saheb", was a very
close associate of Mahatma Gandhi during the freedom struggle movement and worked with Bihar Kesari
Dr. Sri Krishna Sinha to lead the Gandhian movement in Bihar.
Mahadev Desai was an Indian independence activist and writer best remembered as Mahatma Gandhi's personal
secretary. He has variously been described as "Gandhi's Boswell, a Plato to Gandhi's Socrates, as well as an
Ananda to Gandhi's Buddha.
Maniben Patel was an Indian independence movement activist and a Member of the Indian parliament. She was
the daughter of freedom fighter and post-Independence Indian leader Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
12. The title „Punjab Kesari‟ was conferred on which personality?
(a) Ranjit Singh (b) Bhagat Singh (c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) Sardar Baldev Singh
Ranjit Singh, byname Lion of the Punjab was the founder and maharaja (1801–39) of the Sikh kingdom
of the Punjab. He was the first Indian in a millennium to turn the tide of invasion back into the homelands of
the traditional conquerors of India, the Pashtuns (Afghans), and he thus became known as the Lion of the
Punjab. Although he was uneducated, he was a shrewd judge of people and events, free from religious
bigotry, and was mild in the treatment of his adversaries.
Bhagat Singh was among the prominent revolutionaries who shaped the base of a grand national movement.
He worked with several revolutionary organisations and became prominent in the Hindustan Republican
Association (HRA), which changed its name to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928.
Seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, Singh murdered John Saunders, a British police officer. He
eluded efforts by the police to capture him. Soon after, together with Batukeshwar Dutt, he and an accomplice
threw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly. On April 8 1929 Bhagat Singh and
Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb onto the corridors of the assembly and shouted 'Inquilab Zindabad!' Following
the blasts both Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt courted arrest. On March 23, 1931, Bhagat Singh was
hanged in Lahore with his fellow comrades Rajguru and Sukhdev. Singh was cremated at Hussainiwala on banks
of Sutlej river.
Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the foremost leaders who fought against British rule in India. He was popularly
known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of the Punjab. He founded the Indian Home League Society of America;
became Congress President in 1920.
Baldev Singh was an Indian Sikh political leader, he was an Indian independence movement leader and the
first Defence Minister of India. He along with Master Tara Singh, Sardar Jogendra Singh and Sardar
Ujjal Singh was chosen to represent the Sikh community, before the Cripps Mission which came out to
India in the spring of 1942 on behalf of the British War, Cabinet with proposals for the country's political future.
13. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India leaving South Africa forever in which year?
(a) 1914 (b) 1915 (c) 1916 (d) 1919
14. Ram Prasad Bismil was associated with which case?
(a) Kakori Train Robbery Case (b) Alipore Bomb Case
(c) Meerut Conspiracy Case (d) Kanpur Conspiracy Case
Ram Prasad Bismil was an Indian revolutionary who participated in Manipuri conspiracy of 1918, and the
Kakori conspiracy of 1925, and struggled against British imperialism. Ramaprasad joined Arya Samaj. He was also
very talented in writing poetry. All of his poems have the intense patriotic feeling. His team members consisted
of great freedom fighters like Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagawati Charan, Rajguru and many more.
Ramaprasad used to take advices related to religion and politics from great patriot and scholar Swami Somadevji.
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Kanpur Conspiracy Case was against the newbie communists which were abhorred by the British
Government. Some newly turned communists named M N Roy, Muzaffar Ahamed, S A Dange, Shaukat
Usmani, Nalini Gupta, Singaravelu Chettiar, Ghulam Hussain were caught by the Government and were
trailed for conspiring against the Government. The Charge on them was ―to deprive the King Emperor of
his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from imperialistic Britain by a violent
revolution.‖
The Meerut Conspiracy Case - In March 1929, many labour leaders were arrested on the charge of
conspiracy. They were taken to Meerut (U.P.) and were tried. The case lasted for four years. Several
Indian lawyers pleaded their case. Barring a few, all labour leaders were sentenced to death. This event
evoked nationwide resentment and the British government had to declare the Public Safety Ordinance
(1929) to deal with the demonstrators.
Alipur Bomb Case - In 1908 a revolutionary conspiracy was intrigued to kill the Chief Presidency
Magistrate D.H. Kingford of Muzaffarpur. The task was entrusted to Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki. They
threw the bombs on a vehicle coming out of the magistrate‘s home on April 30, 1908. The magistrate could not
be killed as he was not in the vehicle, but two British ladies were killed in the attack. Prafulla Chaki
committed suicide after cornered by the Police and Khudi Ram Bose was arrested. The Indian
policewaala Nandalal Bannerjee, who had arrested Khudi Ram Bose was later shot dead by Narendranath
Bhattacharya.
15. „Jallianwala Bagh Massacre‟ occurred on which date?
(a) January 30, 1918 (b) April 13, 1919 (c) August 14, 1920 (d) July 3, 1930
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
After the Hartal of 6th April 1919 Punjab was facing a violent situation. Civil government handed over the
administration to the military authorities under brigadier General Dyer. Dyer banned all public meetings but on
13th April 1919, Peaceful unarmed Crowd was assembled at Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the arrest of Dr.
Satyapal. General Dyer ordered his groups to fire on the crowd without warning. According to official figure,
379 people were killed but unofficial accounts gave much higher figure.
• Martial Law was immediately enforced in Punjab on the night of 13th April 1919.
• Rabindra Nath Tagore renounced or surrendered the knighthood title s a mark of protest.
• On 18th April, Gandhi decided to call off the Rowlett Satyagraha because of the wide spread violence.
16. The secret society of revolutionaries, which was organized by V.D. Savarkar in 1904 was:
(a) Yugantar (b) Ghadar (c) Sandhya (d) Abhinav Bharat
V.D. Savarkar - Veer Savarkar occupies a unique place in the history of Indian freedom struggle. Vir Savarkar
was also a great orator, prolific writer, historian, poet, philosopher and social worker. He was an extraordinary
Hindu scholar. In Pune, Savarkar founded the ―Abhinav Bharat Society‖. He was also involved in the Swadeshi
movement and later joined Tilak‘s Swaraj Party. His instigating patriotic speeches and activities incensed the
British Government. Later Savarkar joined Tilak's Swaraj Party and founded the Hindu Mahasabha as a separate
political party. He was elected President of the Mahasabha and toiled for building Hindu Nationalism and later
joined the Quit India movement.
Yugantar was one of the two main secret revolutionary trends operating in Bengal for Indian Independence.
This association, like Anushilan Samiti started in the guise of suburban fitness club. Several Jugantar members
were arrested, hanged, or deported for life to the Cellular Jail in Andaman. Thanks to the amnesty after World
War I, most of them were released and could give a new turn to their political career, mainly: (a) by
joining Deshbandhu's Swarajya or (b) the Communist Party of India; or (c) M.N. Roy's Radical Democratic Party;
or (d) later Subhas Chandra Bose's Forward Bloc in the '30's.
The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by Punjabi Indians in the United States and Canada with the
aim of securing India's independence from British rule. Key members included Lala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh
Bhakna, Kartar Singh Sarabha, and Rashbehari Bose. The word Ghadar can be commonly translated asmutiny,
was the name given to the newspaper edited and published for the Hindustani Association of the Pacific Coast
which was founded at Portland, United States of America, in 1912.
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Abhinav Bharat Society (Young India Society) was a secret society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and
his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1903. Initially founded at Nasik as Mitra Mela when Vinayak Savarkar
was still a student Fergusson College at Pune, the society grew to include several hundred revolutionaries and
political activists with branches in various parts of India, extending to London after Savarkar went to study law. It
carried out a few assassinations of British officials, after which the Savarkar brothers were convicted and
imprisoned. The society was formally disbanded in 1952.
17. Why did the British Governement send the Stafford Cripps Mission to India in 1942?
(a) The change in government in Britain created a willingness to negotiate with the Indians
(b) To offer India Independence after the war
(c) To seek the cooperation of Indians in the war effort
(d) To negotiate with Gandhi to stop the mass struggle for the duration of the war
The Cripps Mission (1942)
• In December, 1941, Japan entered the World War -II and advanced towards the Indian borders. By March
7, 1942, Rangoon fell and Japan occupied the entire South East Asia.
• The British Government with a view to get co-operation from Indians set Sir Stafford Cripps, leader of the
House of Commons to settle terms with the Indian Leaders
• He offered a Draft which contained the following proposals :
o Dominion status to be granted after the war
o Setting up constitution-making body for India after the war whose members would be elected by the
o Provincial assemblies and nominated by the rulers in case of the Princely States.
o The British government under took to accept and implement the constitution so framed subject to two
conditions: First, Any province(s) not willing to accept the new constitution could form a separate union and
a separate constitution. Second, The new constitution making body and the British Government would
negotiate a treaty to shore out matters arising out of transfer of power to Indian hands.
• Rejected by the Congress as it didn‘t want to rely upon future promises
• Gandhiji termed it as a ―post dated cheque in a crashing bank”.
18. When Gandhi was arrested during Salt Satyagraha who took his place as the leader of movement?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Sardar Patel (c) Abul Kalam Azad (d) Abbas Tyyabji
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a leading figure in India's struggle for freedom, apart from being a noted
writer, poet and journalist, he adopted the pen name Azad (Free). He opposed the partition of Bengal in
1905. He was a leader of the Khilafat movement. He became the youngest President of the Indian National
Congress in 1923.He always supported the cause of Hindu-Muslim unity and opposed the demand for a separate
Muslim state of Pakistan. After India's independence, he served as the first Minister for Education. He served in
the Constituent Assembly formed to draft India's constitution and was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1952 and in
1957. In 1956, he served as president of the UNESCO General Conference in Delhi. His exhaustive book on
India's freedom struggle titled India Wins Freedom was published in 1957. This great leader passed away on
February 22, 1958.
Abbas Tyabji (1 February 1854 – 9 June 1936) was an Indian freedom fighter from Gujarat, who once served as
the Chief Justice of the (Baroda) Gujarat High Court. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre and military violence in
Punjab as a whole in 1919 pulled Abbas Tyabji into the national movement. With the events of 1919 having
shaken up the country, Tyabji became a member of the committee set up by the Indian National Congress to
inquire into the military violence. The committee produced a famous report accompanied with voluminous
evidence. Tyabji remained active in the Congress and all its struggles, presiding over the Gujarat Political
Conference in 1920.Mahatma Gandhi appointed Tyabji, at age seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the Salt
Satyagraha in May 1930 after Gandhi's arrest Tyabji was arrested soon afterward and imprisoned by the British
Indian Government. Gandhi and others respectfully called Tyabji the "Grand Old Man of Gujarat".
19. The INA trials for Court martial took place at which of the following?
(a) Old Secretariat, Delhi (b) Red Fort, Delhi
(c) Ahmednagar Fort (d) Parliament House, Delhi
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20. During the Indian Freedom Struggle, the Simon Commission was appointed to:
(a) Examine the working of the reforms of 1919
(b) Determine the relations of the British Government with the Indian states
(c) Review the provisions of the Rowlatt Act
(d) Explore the possibility of granting dominion status to India
The Simon Commission (1928)
• In 1927, the British Government appointed a commission to look into the working of the govt. of India act
1919 that suggested further reforms in the system of administration. The commission was headed by Sir
John Simon.
• Simon Commission in 1928 reached Bombay on February 3 and was greeted with slogan „Go back Simon‟.
21. Which of the following were envisaged by the Wavell Plan of 1945?
I. The Executive Council would have nominated members from amongst the nationalist leaders of India
II. The Executive Council would have equal number of Hindu and Muslim representatives and one each from
the Sikhs and Depressed Classes.
III. The veto power of the Governor-General was to be abolished.
IV. The subject of Foreign Affairs was to be transferred from the Governor-General to an Indian member of
the Council
(a) I, II and IV (b) I, II and III (c) II and III (d) I and IV
Wavell Plan (June-July 1945)
• Given by Lord Wavell
• The plan was that the Viceroy‘s Executive Council should be so reconstituted that its members, except the
Governor General and the Commander-in-Chief, were to be Indians (from various parties). Simla
Conference was convened in this regard, but was rejected by Jinnah.
22. The Quit India Movement started at:
(a) Delhi on August 15, 1942 (b) Bombay on August 8, 1942
(c) Lahore on July 7, 1942 (d) Wardha on August 7, 1942
Quit India Movement
• The failure of the Cripps Mission left no meeting ground between Congress and the British Government.
• The Congress now decided to take active steps to compel the British to accept the Indian demand for
Independence.
• The All India Congress Committee met at Bombay on August 8, 1942 and passed famous ‗Quit India
resolution‘, proposing to start a non-violent mass struggle to achieve this aim.
• On this occasion, Gandhiji gave his famous call of „Do or Die‟. But, before the Congress could start the
movement Government arrested all the top nationalist leaders including Gandhiji.
• In spite of the arrest of the Congress leadership, the movement began with full vigour and enthusiasm.
There were strikes and demonstrations all over the country.
23. Who among the following said “My boy, no, you are an Indian first and then a Muslim”?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Mohammad Iqbal
(c) Mohammad Ali Jinnah (d) Syed Ahmad Khan
Sir Muhammad Iqbal was an academic, poet, barrister, philosopher and politician in British India who is
widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. His vision of an independent state for the Muslims of
British India was to inspire the creation of Pakistan. He is commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal. He did not
support Indian involvement in World War Iand remained in close touch with Muslim political leaders such
as Mohammad Ali Jouhar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic of the mainstream Indian National Congress,
which he regarded as dominated by Hindus and was disappointed with the League when during the 1920s, it was
absorbed in factional divides between the pro-British group led by Sir Muhammad Shafi and the centrist group
led by Jinnah. He supported the constitutional proposals presented by Jinnah with the aim of guaranteeing
Muslim political rights and influence in a coalition with the Congress, and worked with the Aga Khan and other
Muslim leaders to mend the factional divisions and achieve unity in the Muslim League.
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Syed Ahmed Khan was an Indian educator, politician and Islamic reformer whose work inspired a new generation
of Muslims and pioneered the revival of Indian Islam in the late 19th century. He was also a social reformer. He
helped pioneer modern education in India‘s Muslim communities through his foundation of the Aligarh Muslim
University. His work inspired a new generation of Muslim reformers and led to the revival of Indian Islam in the
late 19th century. Throughout his life, Khan published several scholarly works, most notably the pamphlet ―The
Causes of the Indian Revolt.‖
24. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on which date?
(a) January 26, 1948 (b) January 30, 1948 (c) January 30, 1949 (d) January 26, 1950
25. Who initiated the greeting of „Jai Hind‟?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) B.G. Tilak (c) Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Subhash Chandra Bose
26. When Subhash Chandra Bose resigned as the President of INC, who was appointed in his place?
(a) Rajendra Prasad (b) Abul Kalam Azad (c) C. Rajgopalachari (d) Pattabhi Sitaramiah
Rajagopalachari - He was a very well-known lawyer, writer and statesman of India during the independence
struggle. A prominent figure in the Indian National Congress, he was elected the second governor-general
of India after its independence. Following this, Rajaji was made the chief minister of the Indian state
of Madras. C. Rajagopalachari became the First and only Indian Governor-General of Independent
India.
Dr Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya - He was an Indian independence activist and political leader in the state
of Andhra Pradesh. At the Lucknow session of the Congress in 1916, he demanded the formation of separate
Congress circle for Andhra. The demand was opposed by Mahatma Gandhi, but as Tilak supported Pattabhi, the
Andhra Congress Committee came into existence in 1918. He was a member of the Working Committee of the
Congress for a number of years and the President of Andhra Provincial Congress Committee during the years
1937-40. He ran successfully for Congress presidency in 1948, winning with the support of Jawaharlal Nehru, he
served as a member in the Constituent Assembly, in 1952 he was elected to Rajya Sabha. Pattabhi also served as
the Governor of Madhya Pradesh from 1952 to 1957.
27. India became a Sovereign, democratic republic on which day?
(a) Aug 15, 1947 (b) Jan 30, 1948 (c) Jan 26, 1950 (d) Nov 26, 1929
28. What was the main stipulation of Government of India Act 1935?
(a) A federation was suggested (b) Unitary form of government was recommended
(c) Complete independence was guaranteed (d) Dyarchy was made applicable at provincial level
The Government of India Act guaranteed a dominion stratus which urge the need of independence again in the
mind in the people.
The Government of India Act 1935 introduced the provincial autonomy and provided for an all India
federation. This act introduced dyarchy at the central level. It made a provision for establishment of a Federal
court. The franchisee was extended. The Indian council was abolished and an advisory body was
introduced. Burma was separated from India, and Aden was surrendered to British Colonial office.
29. Who among the following was not a member of the Constituent Assembly?
(a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (b) Acharya J.B. Kriplani
(c) Lok Nayak Jayprakash Narayan (d) K.M. Munshi
Jayaprakash Narayan was a freedom fighter and political leader of India. Popularly called JP, Narayan played
a pivotal role in the Quit India movement and earned a lot of fame and respect for this. He joined the
Indian National Congress in 1929 upon receiving an invitation from Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. In the time to
come, the great Mahatma Gandhi turned out to be the mentor and guide of Jayaprakash Narayan. Narayan
was jailed and tortured by the British forces several times during the war for Independence.
Acharya J. B. Kripalani was an accomplished politician and socialist, who contributed much, both before and
after Indian independence. An ardent follower of Gandhi, he was an exponent of the Gandhian philosophy and
ideology. While Kripalani contributed much in the freedom struggle and afterwards, he is best known for holding
the chair of the President of the Indian National Congress during the turbulent phase of 1947. He actively took
part in the Gandhi-initiated Non-Cooperation Movement, Salt Satyagraha, Civil Disobedience Movement and
Quit India Movement. He worked closely as a Congress member and activist but later resigned from his
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membership to form a new political party called Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party which eventually became Praja
Socialist Party.
Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi popularly known as Kulpati Dr. K. M. Munshi, was an Indian independence
movement activist, politician, writer and educationist from Gujarat state. He founded the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
along with a few friends late in 1938. He first joined Dr. Besant‘s All India Home Rule League in 1916 and later
the Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Bombay Legislative Council in 1927. He took part in the
Salt Satyagraha in 1930 and was imprisoned for 6 months. He was elected to the Bombay Legislative Assembly in
1937 and appointed the Home Minister in the first Congress Government. He became a member of Constituent
Assembly in 1948.
30. Who was the Political Guru of Gandhiji?
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji (c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale (d) Lala Lajpat Rai
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, byname Lokamanya helped lay the foundation for India‘s independence by building his
own defiance of British rule into a national movement. He founded (1914) and served as president of the
Indian Home Rule League. In 1916 he concluded the Lucknow Pact with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, which
provided for Hindu- Muslim unity in the nationalist struggle.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale - Political guru of Mahatma Gandhi; one of the pioneers of the Indian national
movement; founder of the Servants of India Society.
Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the foremost leaders who fought against British rule in India. He was popularly
known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of the Punjab). He founded the Indian Home League Society of America;
became Congress President in 1920.
31. Who was the leader of the Young Bengal Movement?
(a) Dwarkanath Tagore (b) Chandrashekhar Deb
(c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (d) Henry Vivian Derozio
32. Match the following :
A. Brahmo Samaj 1. Swami Vivekanand
B. Ramakrishna 2. Dayanand Mission Saraswati
C. Arya Samaj 3. Ram Mohan Roy
D. Satyashodhak Samaj 4. K. Sridharalu Naidu
5. Jyotiba Phule
A B C D
(a) 2 3 5 1
(b) 3 1 2 4
(c) 3 1 2 5
(d) 3 2 1 5
33. The Montagu-Chelmsford Report formed the basis of which act?
(a) Indian Council Act, 1909 (b) Government of India Act, 1919
(c) Government of India Act, 1935 (d) Indian Independence Act, 1947
34. Match the following:
List-I List-II
(Person) (Associated in formation of)
A. G.K. Gokhale 1. Servants of India Society
B. M.M. Malaviya 2. Banaras Hindu University
C. Rajgopalachari 3. Free India Society
D. Savarkar 4. Swatantra Party
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3 (b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 1 4 2 3 (d) 3 2 4 1
Madan Mohan Malaviya was an Indian educationist and politician notable for his role in the Indian independence
movement and as the four time president of Indian National Congress. He served the Congress for almost 50
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years and worked with 50 Congress Presidents. He was the Congress President for a record of four times- in
1909 (Lahore), in 1918 (Delhi), in 1930 (Delhi) and in 1932 (Calcutta). He was actively involved with the
Allahabad Municipal Board till 1916. He was a member of the Provincial Legislative Council during 1903-1918,
Central Council during 1910-1920, elected member of the Indian Legislative Assembly during 1924-1930,
Industrial Commission during 1916-1918 and attended the second Round Table Conference in 1931. He
bid farewell to active politics in 1937. In politics, Malaviyaji was midway between the Liberals and the
Nationalists, the moderates and the extremists, as the followers of Gokhale and Tilak were respectively
called.
Servants of India Society - A society founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 to unite and train Indians
of different ethnicities and religions in welfare work. It was the first secular organization in that country to
devote itself to the underprivileged, rural and tribal people, emergency relief work, the increase of literacy,
and other social causes.
struggle. A prominent figure in the Indian National Congress, he was elected the second governor-general of
India after its independence. Following this, Rajaji was made the chief minister of the Indian state of
Madras. C. Rajagopalachari became the First and only Indian Governor-General of Independent India.
Banaras Hindu University is a public central university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh established in 1916 by
Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya.
The Free India Society was a political organization of Indian students in England, committed to obtaining the
independence of India from British rule. Initially an intellectual group, it became a revolutionary outfit under its
founding leader, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.
The Swatantra Party was an Indian conservative political party that existed from 1959 to 1974. It was founded
by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the Jawaharlal Nehru-dominated Indian National Congress's
increasingly socialist and statist outlook. Swatantra was not a communal party; its membership was not restricted
on the basis of religion, unlike the Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Jana Sangh. In the 1962 general election, the first
after its formation, Swatantra received 6.8 percent of the total votes and won 18 seats in the third Lok
Sabha (1962–67). It emerged as the main opposition to the dominant Congress in four states—Bihar, Rajasthan,
Gujarat and Orissa. By the next general election in 1967, Swatantra had become a significant force in some parts
of India; it won 8.7 percent of the votes and became the single-largest opposition party in the fourth Lok
Sabha (1967–71) with 44 seats. In 1971, Swatantra joined a "Grand Alliance" of parties from across the political
spectrum who aimed to defeat Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The party secured eight seats, winning only 3% of
the votes. The next year, in 1972, its founder Rajagopalachari died, and Swatantra declined rapidly.
35. Why was the Simon Commission appointed before the passage of the stipulated ten years after the 1919
Reforms?
(a) The British Government capitulated to nationalist demands in the wake of excessive revolutionary activities
(b) The nationalist pressure became too heavy for the British Government.
(c) The conservative Government of Britain was faced with electoral defeat in the impending election and did
not want to leave the constitutional issue to the Labour Government.
(d) For all the above reasons
36. The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by:
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Chittaranjan Das (d) Mahatma Gandhi
The Non-Cooperation Movement:
The Congress at its special session at Calcutta (1920) supported Gandhiji‘s plan for Non–Cooperation with three
main demands before the Government:
1) Redressal of the Punjab grievance
2) Rectification of the khilafat wrongs and
3) Establishment of Swaraj
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Significance: The Indian national movement acquired real mass base for the first time with the participation of
peasants, workers, students and lawyers etc. The congress became the organizer and leader of the masses in
their freedom struggle. Besides, it marked the height of the Hindu–Muslim unity.
CR Das was an important personality in Bengal during the time of the non-cooperation movement from 1919 to
1922. It was he who started the boycott of British or western dresses. He was appointed the mayor of Calcutta
Corporation after it was formed and also supervised the Gaya round of the Indian National Congress.
A. Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it 1. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Bengal united is a power 2. Jawaharlal Lal Nehru
C. Untouchability is a crime against God and mankind 3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
D. Long years ago we have made a tryst with destiny 4. G.K. Gokhale
5. Risely
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2 (b) 3 5 1 2
(c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 4 2 5 3
38. The Quit India Resolution was adopted because:
I. The Cripps Mission failed to meet nationalist demands
II. The Congress at last realised that the Allies' cause was an imperialist cause alone
III. Gandhi felt the people's morale had to be built up to resist any impending Japanese invasion
it was felt that any further inactivity would be tantamount to accepting the right of the British
IV. Government to decide India's fate without considering the Indians' wishes
(a) I, II and III (b) III and IV (c) I, III and IV (d) I and IV
39. Who among the following led the Civil Disobedience Movement in the North-West Frontier Province?
(a) Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah (b) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(c) Dr. M.A. Ansari (d) Sewa Singh Thikriwala
Civil–Disobedience Movement (1930 – 31)
 The Lahore congress invested Gandhiji with full power to launch the movement.
 The II (eleven) points ultimatum‘ of Gandhiji to Lord Irwin after being ignored by the British government
made Gandhi to launch the civil disobedience movement on 12 March 1930 with his famous ‗Dandi March‘
(from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi in Gujarat coast) on 6 April.
 Gandhiji reached Dandi, picked up a handful of salt and broke the salt law as a symbol of the Indian people‘s
refusal to live under British made laws and therefore under British rule.
Significance: It was the movement started with the objective of complete Independence and involved
deliberate violation of laws and was evidently more militant. There was a wide participation of women. But it
was not marked by the same Hindu–Muslim unity which was witnessed during non– cooperation movement.
Abdul Ghaffar Khan became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and was called the ―Frontier Gandhi.‖ Ghaffar
Khan met Gandhi and entered politics in 1919 during agitation over the Rowlatt Acts, which allowed the
internment of political dissidents without trial. In the following year he joined the Khilafat movement. Soon
after attending an Indian National Congress (Congress Party) gathering in 1929, Ghaffar Khan founded the Red
Shirt Movement (Khudai Khitmatgar) among the Pashtuns. It espoused nonviolent nationalist agitation in
support of Indian independence and sought to awaken the Pashtuns‘ political consciousness. By the late 1930s
Ghaffar Khan had become a member of Gandhi‘s inner circle of advisers, and the Khudai Khitmatgar actively
aided the Congress Party cause up to the partition of India in 1947.
Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah, by name Lion of Kashmir was a prominent figure in India‘s struggle for
independence from British rule, who fought for the rights of the Kashmir region and won a semiautonomous
status for Jammu and Kashmir state within independent India. The self-styled "Sher-e-Kashmir" (Lion of Kashmir),
Abdullah was the founding leader of the National Conference and thrice served as the head of government in
Kashmir. He agitated against the rule of the Maharaja Hari Singh and urged self-rule for Kashmir. He was the
Prime Minister of the state of Jammu and Kashmir after its accession to India in 1947 and was later jailed and
Page 13 of 23
exiled. He was dismissed from the position of Prime Ministership on 8 August 1953 and Bakshi Ghulam
Mohammad was appointed as the new Prime Minister.
Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari was an Indian nationalist and political leader, and former president of the Indian
National Congress and the Muslim League during the Indian Independence Movement. One of the founders of
the Jamia Millia Islamia University he remained its Chancellor 1928 to 1936. He played an important role in the
negotiation of the 1916 Lucknow Pact and served as the League's president in 1918 and 1920. He was an
outspoken supporter of the Khilafat movement.
Sewa Singh Thikriwala (1886–1935) was a leader of the Praja Mandal movement in Patiala, a former princely
state. He was the President of the Riyasat Parjamandal Party during the reign of Maharaja Bhupinder
Singh of Patiala and the British. The Vice President of this Party was Sardar Ridha Singh Akali of
village Ghagga in Patiala district.
40. Cripps' Mission aimed at:
(a) giving complete independence to united India
(b) widening the gulf between the Congress and the Muslim League
(c) a compromise between Congress demand of united India and Muslim League's demand for a
partitioned India
(d) giving proportional representation to the Muslims under the framework of the new Constitution
41. Who among the following started the newspaper called the "Voice of India‖?
(a) Bhikaji Cama (b) Dababhai Naoroji
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) V.D. Savarkar
Madam Cama- Madam Bhikaji Cama was a freedom fighter from Mumbai. She participated in the Socialist
Congress at Stuttgart in 1907. She founded the Free India Society and the Bande Mataram. She was the First
Indian to raise the National Flag.
42. Who is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India‟?
(a) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (b) C. Rajgopalachari
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
43. Which of the following laid the foundation of the British Civil Service in India?
(a) Warren Hastings (b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord Canning
During the British Raj Warren Hastings laid the foundation of Civil Services and Charles Cornwallis reformed,
modernised and rationalised it. Hence Charles Cornwallis is known as ―father of Civil Services of India‖.
Warren Hasting (1772 – 85)
• Made the appointment of collectors and other revenue officials
• Codified Hindu and Muslim laws
• Foundation of Asiatic Society of Bengal with the help of Sir William Jones in 1784
• Dual Government. was abolished in 1772 by him
• In 1776 Manu‘s Law was translated into „English–Code of Gentoo laws‟
Lord Cornwallis (1786 – 93)
• Introduced Cornwallis code based on the principle of separation of powers in 1793
• A ten year settlement was concluded with the Zamindars in 1790 which was made permanent in 1793 (came
to be known as permanent settlement of 1793)
Lord Wellesley (1793 – 1798)
• Described himself as Bengal Tiger
• Created Madras Presidency after the annexation of the Kingdoms of Tanjore and Camatic
• Introduced the system of Subsidiary Alliance in 1798.
Lord Canning (1856 – 62)
• First Viceroy of India
• Queen Victoria‘s Proclamation and passing of the Indian Act of 1858.
• Doctrine of Lapse started by Lord Dalhousie was officially withdrawn in 1859.
44. Who was the only Governor-General/Viceroy to be assassinated in India?
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(a) Lord Minto I (b) Lord Mountbatten

(c) Lord Mayo (d) Lord Cornwallis
Lord Minto I (1807 – 1813)
• Signed Treaty of Amritsar in 1809 between Ranjit Singh and English.
Lord Mountbatten (1947 – 48)
• His plan to make India free on August 15, 1947 is also known as 3rd June plan.
Lord Mayo (1869-1872)
 Lord Mayo or Lord Naas served as 4th Viceroy of India from 12 January 1869 to 8 February 1872.
 In 1871, India‘s first census of taken by his orders.
 Mayo also organized the Statistical Survey of India,
Lord Cornwallis (1786 – 93)
• Introduced Cornwallis code based on the principle of separation of powers in 1793
• A ten year settlement was concluded with the Zamindars in 1790 which was made permanent in 1793 (came
to be known as permanent settlement of 1793)
A. Partition of Bengal 1. Lord Ripon
B. Dual Govt. of Bengal 2. Robert Clive
C. Social Reforms 3. Warren Hastings
D. Local Self Government 4. Lord Curzon
5. Lord William Bentinck
A B C D A B C D
(a) 4 1 5 2 (b) 5 2 3 1
(c) 4 2 5 1 (d) 5 1 3 2
Lord Ripon (1880 – 84)
• Passing of the first Factory Act in 1881 for the welfare of child labor.
• Repeat of Vernacular Press Act in 1882.
• Foundation of local Self–Government (1882)
• The Liberty Bill controversy, 1883 – 84
• Famine code in 1883.
• He usually said “Judge me by my work and not by my word”.
Robert Clive He led the English forces to capture Arcot and other regions. He was instrumental in laying the
foundation of the British empire in India. In the Carnatic Wars between the French and the English the latter
finally defeated the French in the Battle of Wandiwash to gain control over South India.
Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905)
• Creation of a new province called the North West frontier province.
• Appointment of Police Commission under the President ship of Sir Andrew Frazer.
• Appointment of Universities Commission in 1902 under committees.
• His worst measure was the Partition of Bengal (1905).
Lord William Bentinck (1828 – 35)
• First Governor General of India by Government of India Act – 1833
• Known as the benevolent governor General
• Introduced a number of social reforms: Banned the practice of Sati in 1829 (pioneering efforts made in
this connection by Raja Ram Mohan Roy). Suppressed Thugi in 1830 (Military operation led by William
Sleeman)
• Banned female infanticide; created the province of Agra in 1834
46. Which of the following helped to develop close ties between the government and the masses during British Raj?
(a) Mahalwari Settlement (b) Ryotwari Settlement
(c) Permanent Settlement (d) All of these
Permanent Settlement - Lord Cornwallis introduced land revenue settlement for ten years with Zamindars in
1789 but the same was made permanent in 1793 by the proclamation of Cornwallis and it was known as
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Permanent Land Revenue settlement. It was introduced in the provinces of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
According to the Permanent Land revenue settlement, the Zamindars were recognised as the permanent
owners of the land. They were given instruction to pay 89% of the annual revenue to the state and were
permitted to enjoy 11% of the revenue as their share. They were left independent in the internal affairs of their
respective districts.
Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820. Major areas of introduction include Madras,
Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh provinces of British India. In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were
handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants. The revenue rates
of Ryotwari System were 50% where the lands were dry and 60% in irrigated land.
Mahalwari System was introduced in 1833 during the period of William Bentinck. It was introduced in Central
Province, North-West Frontier, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, etc of British India. The Mahalwari system
had many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari System. In this system, the land was divided
into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages. Ownership rights were vested with the
peasants. The villages committee was held responsible for collection of the taxes.
47. Match the following :
List-I (Session of Indian National Congress) List-II (Venue)
A. 1st Session 1. Allahabad
B. 2nd Session 2. Madras
C. 3rd Session 3. Calcutta
D. 4th Session 4. Bombay
A B C D A B C D
(a) 4 3 2 1 (b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 4 2 3 1 (d) 1 2 3 4
Second session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1886 in Calcutta. The President of the session
was Dadabhai Naoroji. The second session was very important on various grounds. Leaders of Bengal joined the
congress from this session. This increased the strength of the Congress considerably. From this session onwards
the session of the congress used to be held in December each year at different places of the country. In this
session the Indian Association merged with the Indian National Congress. This increased the strength and
influence of the Indian National Congress.
48. Who was the first Governor General of Bengal?
(a) Lord Cornwallis (b) Lord Clive (c) Lord Wellesley (d) Warren Hastings
49. Who was the first Englishman to preside over a Congress Session?
(a) A. O. Hume (b) W. Wedderburn (c) George Yule (d) None of these
Sir William Wedderburn - He was a Scottish civil servant in India and a politician. He attempted to bring about
reforms in banking to solve the problems of peasants during his working career. Failing to find support in
reforms, he retired to help found the Indian National Congress and support local self-government.
50. Name the Governor-General who passed the Vernacular Press Act.
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Wellesly (c) Lord Lytton (d) Lord Hardinge
Lord Lytton (1876 – 80)
• Passing of the Royal Title Act of 1876 and the assumption of the title Express of India (Kaiser– I–Hind) by
Queen Victoria.
• Holding of Delhi Durbar in 1877.
• Passing of Vernacular Press Act of 1878
• Passing of Amis Act of 1878
• Appointment of the first famine commission under Sir Richard Strachey
Lord Hardinge (1910 – 16)
• Coronation Durbar in 1911 at Delhi in the honour of George V.
• A separate state of Bihar and Orissa was created in 1911.
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Name of the Governor General of India Year in which appointed

A. Lord Cornwallis 1.1786
B. Lord Dalhousie 2.1798
C. Lord Mornington (Wellesley) 3.1828
D. Lord William Bentinck 4.1848
A B C D A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1 (b) 1 2 4 3
(c) 3 2 4 1 (d) 1 4 2 3
Lord Dalhousie (1849 – 56)
• Introduced the policy of Doctrine of Lapse of law of Escheat which postulated that Indian States having
no natural heir would be annexed to the British Empire. The Indian States annexed by the application of
this Doctrine were Satara (1848), Jaipur and Sambalpuri (1849), Bhagat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi
(1853) and Nagpur (1854).
• Introduced Wood‘s dispatch known as the Magna Carta of English education.
• Boosted up the development of Railways, laid the first railway line 1853 from Bombay to Thane and
second from Calcutta to Raniganj.
• Gave a great impetus to post and telegraph, Telegraph lines were laid (first line form Calcutta to Agra).
• Organized a separate public works department by divesting the Military Board of this power.
• Shimla was made summer capital & Army Headquarter.
• Hindu Widow Remarriage Act was passed in 1856.
• Annexed Awadh in 1856 on excuse of mis-governance when Nawab Wajid Ali Shah refused to
abdicate.
A. Pitt's India Act, 1784 1. Robert Clive
B. Charter Act, 1833 2. William Bentinck
C. Regulating Act, 1773 3. Wellesley
D. Government of India Act, 1935 4. Warren Hastings
5. Willingdon
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 4 2 4 5
(c) 5 4 3 1 (d) 3 5 4 1
Pitt‟s India Act - The East India Company Act 1784, also known as Pitt's India Act, was an Act of the
Parliament of Great Britain intended to address the shortcomings of the Regulating Act of 1773 by bringing the
East India Company's rule in India under the control of the British Government.
Charter Act of 1833 - This act made the Governor General of Bengal the Governor General of
British India and all financial and administrative powers were centralized in the hands of Governor General-in-
Council. Thus with Charter Act of 1833, Lord William Bentinck became the ―First Governor General of British
India‖.
The Regulating Act of 1773 is called the First step of Government Control in India. Since the
Government in Britain regulated the company and did not take it over, it was termed ―Regulating Act‖. The
Regulating Act made the presidencies of Bombay and Madras as subordinate to the Presidency of Calcutta. The
Governor of Bengal was designated the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William and he was to serve as
Governor General of all British Territories in India. Commonly we call Warren Hastings as First Governor
General of India. But the official title of Warren Hastings was the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William
The Government of India Act 1935 introduced the provincial autonomy and provided for an all India
federation. This act introduced dyarchy at the central level. It made a provision for establishment of a Federal
court. The franchisee was extended. The Indian council was abolished and an advisory body was introduced.
Burma was separated from India, and Aden was surrendered to British Colonial office.
Page 17 of 23
Names Positions
A. Rajagopalachari 1. Leader of the society called 'Red Shirts'
B. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 2. Founder of the National Indian Association
C. Mary Carpenter 3. Founder of the British Indian Association
D. Debendranath Tagore 4. First Indian Governor General of Independent India
A B C D A B C D
(a) 4 1 2 3 (b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 2 1 3 4 (d) 3 4 1 2
struggle. A prominent figure in the Indian National Congress, he was elected the second governor-general of
India after its independence. Following this, Rajaji was made the chief minister of the Indian state of
Madras. C. Rajagopalachari became the First and only Indian Governor-General of Independent India.
Abdul Ghaffar Khan became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and was called the ―Frontier Gandhi.‖ Ghaffar
Khan met Gandhi and entered politics in 1919 during agitation over the Rowlatt Acts, which allowed the
internment of political dissidents without trial. In the following year he joined the Khilafat movement. Soon
after attending an Indian National Congress (Congress Party) gathering in 1929, Ghaffar Khan founded the Red
Shirt movement (Khudai Khitmatgar) among the Pashtuns. It espoused nonviolent nationalist agitation in
support of Indian independence and sought to awaken the Pashtuns‘ political consciousness. By the late 1930s
Ghaffar Khan had become a member of Gandhi‘s inner circle of advisers, and the Khudai Khitmatgar actively
aided the Congress Party cause up to the partition of India in 1947.
Mary Carpenter - She was an English educational and social reformer who came to India in 1866, to fulfill
her long cherished desire to, after she met Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1833. During this visit she went to
Calcutta, Madras and Bombay. She could see the pathetic condition of the female children in the country. She
met Keshab Chandra Sen, the leader of Brahmo Samaj, who asked her to form an organization in Britain to
improve communication between British and Indian reformers. In 1870 she established National Indian
Association. It was different than the Indian National Association.
Debendranath Tagore was an Indian religious reformer and Hindu philosopher. He was one of the founders of
the Brahmo religion. In 1843, he revived the Brahmo Sabha. In 1851, he was appointed as the Secretary of the
‗British Indian Association‘ which aimed to represent Indian interests to the British government. As the Secretary,
he campaigned for India‘s political autonomy and to reduce the tax burden on the poor. He also campaigned to
promote universal primary education in India and established a Brahmo school. In 1863, he founded Shantiniketan,
a retreat in rural Bengal, which was later transformed into an international university under the supervision of his
youngest son, Rabindranath Tagore.
Red Shirt movement, by name of Khudai Khitmatgar (Persian: “Servants of God”), in support of
the Indian National Congress, an action started by Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the North-West Frontier Province of
India in 1930. Ghaffar Khan was a Pashtun who greatly admired Mahatma Gandhi and his nonviolent principles and
saw support for the Congress as a way of pressing his grievances against the British frontier regime. He was called
the Frontier Gandhi. His followers were pledged to nonviolence, and they derived their popular title from the red
colour of their shirts.
British Indian Association was created after amalgamating the ―Landholders Society‖ and ―British India Society‖
on 31 October 1851. This was the first political organization that brought the Indian Together. The President of
the first committee of this organization was Raja Radhakanta Deb, while Debendranath Tagore was its secretary.
Most of the early leaders of the British Indian Association were conservatives by tradition and temperament,
although there were some progressive like Ramgopal Ghosh and Peary Chand Mitra.
The National Indian Association was formed in Bristol by Mary Carpenter. She was an English educational and
social reformer who came to India in 1866, to fulfill her long cherished desire to, after she met Raja Ram Mohan
Roy in 1833. During this visit she went to Calcutta, Madras and Bombay. She could see the pathetic condition of
the female children in the country. She met Keshab Chandra Sen, the leader of Brahmo Samaj, who asked her to
Page 18 of 23
form an organization in Britain to improve communication between British and Indian reformers. In 1870 she
established National Indian Association. It was different than the Indian National Association.
A. Ram Prasad 1. Lahore Conspiracy Case
B. Surya Sen 2. Kakori Conspiracy Case
C. Arvind Ghosh 3. Chittagong Armoury Raid
D. Bhagat Singh 4. Alipore Bomb
A B C D A B C D
(a) 4 2 3 1 (b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 4 1 2 3
Surya Sen was a Bengali independence fighter who is noted for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury
raid In Chittagong of Bengal in British India. Sen was a school teacher by profession and was popularly
called as Master Da.
Arvind Ghosh, also spelt as Aurobindo Ghosh was a multifaceted person. He was a freedom fighter, poet,
scholar, yogi and philosopher. He spent his life working towards the cause of India‘s freedom, and for further
evolution of life on earth.
Lahore Conspiracy Case - The political parties boycotted the Simon commission and this was followed by a
wave of demonstrations all over India. In Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was leading an anti-Simon Commission
demonstration on 30 October 1928, when the brutal Lathi charge claimed his life. The death of Lala Lajpat Rai led
the HSRA again take the path of assassination of the British. The death of Lala Lajpat Rai led the HSRA again
take the path of assassination of the British. To avenge the killing of Lal Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Raj guru, Jai
Gopal and Sukhdev conspired to kill the police chief, Scott. But they shot on the DSP – J. P. Saunders, who
was killed on the spot. Bhagat Singh immediately fled from Lahore and to avoid recognition, he cut his beard and
hair. Later he was trailed in this Lahore Conspiracy Case when he was captured after throwing bomb in Delhi
Assembly.
Chittagong Armoury Raid - On April 18, 1930, there was an attempt to raid the armory of the Police and
Auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armory in Bengal. The leader of this conspiracy & raid was Surya Sen. Apart
from Surya Sen, these patriots included Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath Bal, Nirmal Sen, Ambika Chakrobarty, Naresh
Roy, Sasanka Datta, Ardhendu Dastidar, Harigopal Bal, Tarakeswar Dastidar, Ananta Singh, Jiban Ghoshal, Anand
Gupta, Pritilata Waddedar and Kalpana Dutta. The idea was to capture the two main armories in Chittagong and
then demolish the Telegraph and telephone office. It was to be followed by the assassination of Europeans.
A. M.N. Roy 1. Home Rule Movement
B. C. R. Das 2. Radical Nationalist
C. Annie Besant 3. Swarajist Party
D. B.G. Tilak 4. Partition of Bengal agitation
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 3 2 4 (b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 4 3 2 1
CR Das - He was a lawyer by profession, he defended Aurobindo in the Alipur Bomb Conspiracy case. He
was the member of the Congress Enquiry Committee set up to look into Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. He
founded the All India Swaraj Party in 1923. He was elected as the first mayor of the Calcutta Co-operation in
1924. He was nicknamed as Deshbandu Chittaranjan.
Home Rule Movement - The Home Rule Movement was the Indian response to the First World War and
represented the emergence of a new trend of aggressive politics. Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak proved to
be the pioneers of this new trend. Two Home rule leagues were established one by B.G. Tilak in April 1916, at
Poona and the other by Mrs. Annie Besant in September 1916, at Adyar near Madras.
The Swaraj Party, Swarajaya Party or Swarajist Party, established as the Congress - Khilafat Swarajaya
Party, was a political party formed in India in December 1922 that sought greater self-government and political
freedoms for the Indian people from the British Raj. It was inspired by the concept of Swaraj. In Hindi and many
Page 19 of 23
other languages of India, swaraj means "independence" or "self-rule" The main leaders were Motilal Nehru, etc.
Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das thought of contesting elections to enter the legislative council with a view to
obstructing the government. Many candidates of the swaraj party got elected to the central legislative assembly
and provincial legislative council in the 1923 elections. In the legislature they strongly opposed the unjust
government policies.
56. The Home Rule Movement in India started by:

(a) S.N. Banerjee and W.C. Banerjee (b) Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Mahatma Gandhi and Motilal Nehru (d) Annie Besant and Gopal Krishna Gokhale
S.N. Banerjee - Being among the earliest of Indian politicians in the pre-independence era, Sir
Surendranath Banerjee established the Indian National Association that he later merged with the Indian
National Congress owing to their common agenda. At a very young age, he cleared the British instituted
ICS examinations, but was dismissed due to racial discrimination. He whipped up a strong protest against this.
Annie Besant was a prominent Theosophist, social reformer, political leader, women's rights activist, writer and
orator. She was of Irish origin and made India her second home. She fought for the rights of Indian and was the
first woman president of Indian National Congress. She also became involved in Indian freedom movement. In
1916, she founded Home Rule League which advocated self rule by Indians. She became the President of Indian
National Congress in 1917. She was the first woman to hold that post. After the arrival of Gandhiji on Indian
national scene, differences arose between Mahatma Gandhi and Annie Besant. Gradually, she withdrew from
active politics.
57. The first Indian Councils Act was passed in which year?
(a) 1853 (b) 1857 (c) 1861 (d) 1892
First Indian Councils Act - The Governments of Madras and Bombay were deprived of their power of
legislation by Charter act of 1833. The Indian Councils Act 1861 restored this power to them. This act is known
to have made notable changes in the composition of the Governor General‘s council for executive & legislative
Purposes.
1853 - In 1853, the Charter Act of 1833 was to time out and had to be renewed. It was renewed but no
substantial changes were made. However, this was for the first time, that this charter act, unlike other charter
acts, did not fix any limit for the continuance of the administration of the company in India. The act provided that
the Indian territories will remain under the Governance of the company, until the parliament otherwise directed.
Indian Councils Act 1892 was the beginning of the parliamentary System in India. Before this act was passed, the
Indian National Congress had adopted some resolutions in its sessions in 1885 and 1889 and put its demand.
58. With reference to the Revolt of 1857, who of the following laid siege to Jhansi in March 1858?
(a) Major General Wyndham (b) Major General Havelock
(c) Sir Colin Campbell (d) Sir Hugh Rose
Major General Havelock - Sir Henry Havelock, British soldier in India who distinguished himself in 1857 during
the Indian Mutiny. Havelock returned to India in the midst of the Indian Mutiny and took command of a mobile
column. His force was too late and too weakened by casualties to save Kanpur or Lucknow, but his series of
victories in July and August brought him acclaim, and in September he broke through on his fourth try to relieve
the residency at Lucknow. He was rewarded with knighthood (Order of the Bath) and promotion to major
general but died soon afterward of dysentery.
Sir Colin Campbell - Field Marshal Colin Campbell was a British Army officer. At an early stage of the Indian
Mutiny, he became Commander-in-Chief, India and, in that role, he relieved and then evacuated Lucknow and,
after attacking and decisively defeating Tatya Tope at the Second Battle of Cawnpore, captured Lucknow again.
Sir Hugh Rose - Field Marshal Hugh Henry Rose was a senior British Army officer. Following the outbreak of
the Indian Rebellion Rose was given command of the Poona division. He arrived in September 1857, and shortly
after took command of the newly created Central Indian Field Force made up mostly of sepoys and elements of
the army maintained by the Nizam of Hyderabad. He marched from Mhow in January 1858, captured Rahatgarh
after a short sie ge, defeated the Raja of Banapur near Baroda, relieved the City of Saugor, captured the fortress
Page 20 of 23
at Garhakota and then defeated the rebels in the Madanpur Pass. Rose arrived at Jhansi on 10 March 1858 and
during the siege defeated a relieving force under Tatya Tope at the Betwa on 1 April 1858.
59. Who of the following took the burning of the foreign clothes during the Non-Cooperation Movement as 'insenate
waste'?
(a) Rabindra Nath Tagore (b) Mohammad Ali
(c) Lord Reading (d) Motilal Nehru
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore, a leader of the Brahmo
Samaj. The British Crown gave him a knighthood in 1915. However, he gave back the title in 1919 as a protest to
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar. The national anthem of India, was one of the works of Tagore. Tagore‘s
political views were complex. He criticized European colonialism, and supported Indian nationalists. But, he also
criticized the Swadeshi movement of many nationalist leaders of India. Tagore played a key role in resolving a
Gandhi-B. R. Ambedkar dispute involving separate electorates for untouchables
Lord Reading was the Viceroy of India (1921–25), barrister, jurist and the last member of the official Liberal
Party to serve as Foreign Secretary. He was the second practising Jew to be a member of the British cabinet.
Although he preferred a conciliatory policy, he ended up using force on several occasions, and imprisoned
Mahatma Gandhi in 1922.
60. The Lucknow Pact of 1916 was made between which of the following?
(a) the moderates and extremists (b) the British and the Indians
(c) the Hindus and the Muslims (d) the Congress and the Muslim
61. The Uprising of 1857 was described as the first Indian war of Independence by which of the following?
(a) S.N. Sen (b) R.C. Mazumdar
(c) B.G. Tilak (d) V.D. Savarkar
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar was a respected historian and professor of Indian history. He was elected the
General President of the Indian History Congress and also became the Vice President of the International
Commission set up by the UNESCO for the history of mankind. When the Government of India set up an
editorial Committee to author a history of the freedom struggle of India, he was its principal member. But,
following a conflict with the then Education Minister Maulana Abul Kalam Azad on the Sepoy Mutiny, he left the
government job and published his own book ―The Sepoy Mutiny & Revolt of 1857‖. According to him the origins
of India's freedom struggle lie in the English-educated Indian middle-class and the freedom struggle started with
the Banga Bhanga movement in 1905. His views on the freedom struggle are found in his book History of the
Freedom Movement in India. He was an admirer of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.
S N Sen - For many years, Sen taught at the University of Calcutta. From 1939 to 1949 he worked in the
Imperial Department of Documents, which later became the National Archives. In 1949 he resigned from that
post and became a professor at the University of Delhi. He is the author of a number of major works, mostly on
the history of the Marathas. In 1956, the Indian Government commissioned him to write a history of the Indian
Popular Uprising of 1857-59; the work, entitled Eighteen Fifty-seven, was published in 1957.
62. The Non-Cooperation Movement was suspended in February 1922 on the ground of which of the following?
(a) Hindu Muslim Riots (b) Chauri Chaura incident
(c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (d) Arrest of Gandhiji
63. The immediate cause of split in the Indian National Congress at its Surat Session was which of the following?
(a) Election of the President of INC
(b) Expulsion of Tilak from the INC
(c) Demand of Swaraj as the goal of INC
(d) Resolutions on Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education
64. The Partition of Bengal had to be annulled in which year?
(a) 1907 (b) 1911 (c) 1928 (d) 1929
65. The title of ‗Viceroy‘ was added to the office of the Governor-General of India for the first time in which year?
(a) 1848 (b) 1856 (c) 1858 (d) 1862
66. When was the first Round-Table Conference held?
(a) 1903 (b) 1930 (c) 1935 (d) 1938
Page 21 of 23
67. In which year the Indian National Congress was formed?

(a) 1885 (b) 1887 (c) 1888 (d) 1895
68. The policy of Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by which Governor-General?
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord Macaulay (d) Lord William Bentinck
69. When was the Muslim League formed?

(a) 1906 (b) 1909 (c) 1916 (d) 1920
70. Who is regarded as the ―Father of Modern India‖?
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy (b) Bhagat Singh
(c) Rabindra Nath Tagore (d) Lala Lajpat Rai
71. How many round table conferences were organised by the British government to discuss constitutional reforms
in India?
(a) Three (b) Two (c) One (d) Four
72. Gandhiji started Satyagraha in 1919 to protest against which of the following?
(a) Salt Law (b) Rowlatt Act
(c) Government of India Act, 1909 (d) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
73. How many new Governors‘ Provinces were created under the Government of India Act, 1935?
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four
74. In which year Battle of Plassey was fought?
(a) 1557 (b) 1657 (c) 1757 (d) 1857
75. What was the name of the English weekly edited by Mahatma Gandhi?
(a) Young India (b) Kesari (c) Bombay Chronicle (d) Resurgent India
76. Who among the following was impeached in the UK for his actions in India?
(a) Lord Wavell (b) Lord Ripon (c) Lord Hastings (d) Lord Cornwallis
77. Who had scrapped the partition of Bengal?
(a) Lord Hardinge (b) Lord Mountbatten (c) Lord Lytton (d) Lord Wellesley
78. On which among the following dates, execution of Bhagat Singh took place?
(a) March 19,1931 (b) April 23, 1931
(c) March 23, 1931 (d) March 14, 1931
79. What is the First War of Indian Independence commonly called by the British?
(a) Quit India Movement (b) First War
(c) Sepoy Mutiny (d) None of these
80. Sati was declared illegal and punishable by which Governor-General?
(a) Lord William Bentinck (b) Lord Canning
(c) Lord Dalhousie (d) Robert Clive
Page 22 of 23
DO IT YOURSELF
Students are expected to find out answers to these questions on their own.
This is to encourage research and build curiosity for General Awareness.
1. In which year the famous ―Lucknow Pact‖ was signed between the Congress and the Muslim League?
Ans: 1916
2. Who was regarded by Mahatma Gandhi as his political ―guru‖?
Ans: Gopal Krishna Gokhale
3. Who led the Revolt of Bareilly troops in 1857?
Ans: Khan Bahadur Khan
4. Why did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?
Ans: Because of Chauri-Chaura violence
5. When did Lord Curzon announce the partition of Bengal?
Ans: October 16, 1905
6. The ―Doctrine of Lapse‖ was first applied to princely state of ______
Ans: Oudh
7. During the tenure of which Viceroy was the resolution of complete independence passed by the
Congress?
Ans: Lord Irwin
8. Which state was annexed by Lord Dalhousie on the pretext of misrule?
Ans: Awadh
9. Who presided over the Congress session in which resolution for partition of India was passed?
Ans: Acharya J. B. Kriplani
10. Which was the first newspaper published by the Indians in English language?
Ans: Bengal Gazette
11. Who authored the famous book ―The Indian Struggle‖?
Ans: Subhash Chandra Bose
12. Who was the first lady President of All India Congress?
Ans: Annie Besant
13. What was the IIbert Bill intended for?
Ans: To enable Indian District magistrates and Session Judges to try Europeans
14. Where was the Headquarters of Ghadar Party?
Ans: San Francisco
15. Who was Francisco De Almeida?
Ans: French Viceroy of India
Page 23 of 23

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 Introduction & Theory: 100 minutes

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENTS TO BE MADE BY THE FACULTY

1. What is the correct sequence of the following events?

(a) Lord Minto I (b) Lord Mountbatten

Name of the Governor General of India Year in which appointed

56. The Home Rule Movement in India started by:

67. In which year the Indian National Congress was formed?

69. When was the Muslim League formed?

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