Axia College Material

Appendix C Immune Response and Hypersensitivity

Puncture Wound Multimedia Activity
After completing the Puncture Wound Multimedia Activity, complete the table below. List the four events of the inflammatory response covered in the activity in the order of occurrence. Rewrite the events in your own words, using vocabulary terms from Ch. 2 of the text.

Vascular Events in an Inflammatory Response

Events 1
st

Simplified description of event Germs from the nail are introduced below the skin. Surrounding cells leak fluid that affect the blood vessels.

nd

rd

The fluid affecting the surrounding blood vessels causes the release of other cells into the tissue. As the wounded part of the body reacts to the germs, certain cells destroy these germs.

th

Professional description of event When a physical irritant enters the skin germs from the object, such as a piece of glass are introduced below the skin. Vascular changes take place when an injury occurs and local blood vessels , arterioles, and capillaries dilate increasing blood flow to the injury. As the blood flow increases; more leuckocytes reach the injury and neutrophils or polymorphs line up in the capillary walls. Neutrophils attack the bacteria or germs; destroying them.

Hypersensitivity
Give a brief description and example in your own words for each of the four types of hypersensitivity presented in Ch. 2.

Hypersensitivity Matrix
Type of Hypersensitivity Type I: Allergic/Anaphylactic Description This type of hypersensitivity is caused by allergen binding to what is called IgE on mast cells This produces either local severe inflammation or systemic severe inflammation. These two involve IgM or IgG interacting with foreign cells to cause their destruction. Example This could happen by an individual being stung by a bee. The venom is the cause of the reaction.. This can happen if a person receives a blood transfusion, such as a person who has type A blood and is given a transfusion with type B. Massive hemolysis occurs; agglutinanation and

Type II: Cytotoxic/Cytolytic

Type III: Immune Complex

Type IV: Cell-mediated/Delayed

Antigens combine with antibodies and create immune complexes and are then deposited in tissues and blood vessels. This causes inflammation and tissue destruction. Types I, II, III develop within 30 minutes after being exposed to antigens or allergens. The initial exposure to an antigen causes an inactivation of a T-cellmediated immune response. This response is slow to develop.

hemolysis happens and histamine is released at the same time. One example occurs in the lung and is called farmers lung, which is caused by inhaling mold spores.

When a person gets into poison ivy; maybe they are cutting and clearing an area to make it look nicer. This time they have no reaction to the poison ivy but next time they have a rash that is very irritating.This is caused by T-cell secretion of cytokines that damage the tissues where the ivy oil absorbed into the skin. This is also the delayed reaction seen in contact dermatitis as well as the positive tuberculin test.