Horticultural Therapy * includes information about therapeutic programs utilizing horticultural practices to develop positive health and well-being

outcomes in participants. Last updated 5/30/07 Adil, J.R. (1994). Accessible gardening for people with physical disabilities: A guide to methods, tools and plants. Woodbine House: Bethesda, MD. (*CBG) Austin, M.E. & R. Kaplan. (2003). Identity, involvement, and expertise in the inner city: Some benefits of tree planting projects. In S. Clayton and S. Opotow (Eds.) Identity and the natural environment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 205-225. Bennett, E.S. (1995). The psychological benefits of public gardens for urban residents. University of Delaware thesis. Breault, J.P. & C. Shoemaker. (1994). The paradise garden. A model garden design for those with Alzheimers disease. In Wells, S.E. (Ed.) (1997). Horticultural therapy and the older adult population. Haworth Press: New York. (*CBG) Briggs, George. (1993). Building access to friendships and gardens. The Public Garden 8(3):2427 Buma, Donald R. (2000). Garden: Safe haven in a postmodern world. Viewpoint. The Public Garden 15(3):3032 Chambers, N.K. & P.N. Williams. (1991). Housing and outdoor spaces for the elderly. In C.C. Marcus & C. Francis (Eds.), People Places. (*CBG) Chambers, Nancy. (1997). What is an enabling garden? The Public Garden 12(3):2425 Chicago Botanic Garden. Barrier-free gardening with containers. Garden For Life series. No. 11. (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Designing your home enabling garden. Garden For Life series. No. 2 (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Enabling tool resources. Garden For Life series. No. 6 (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Healthy habits for gardening. Garden For Life series. No. 10 (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Horticultural therapy: Helping people grow. Garden For Life series. No. 1 (*CBG)

Chicago Botanic Garden. Horticultural therapy resources. Garden For Life series. No. 8 (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. In our nature: Cultivating health and harmony. Horticultural therapy program offerings. (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Paving alternatives for the accessible garden. Garden For Life series. No. 5 (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Raised bed gardening. Garden For Life series. No. 9 (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Sensational plants. Garden For Life series. No. 3 (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Universal design. Garden For Life series. No. 7 (*CBG) Chicago Botanic Garden. Vertical gardening. Garden For Life series. No. 4 (*CBG) Cook, Robert E. (1993). Preserving the past, adapting for the future. The Public Garden 8(3):1819, 45 de Vries, S., Verheij, R.A., Groenewegen, P.P., Spreeuwenberg, P. (2003). Natural environmentshealthy environments? An exploratory analysis of the relationship between greenspace and health. Environment and Planning A35: 1717-1731. Econome, Avery. (2005). Just what the doctor ordered. The Public Garden 20(2):2729 Eidson, Steve, and Eden Foster. (1993). Building a garden for everyone. The Public Garden 8(3):2830 Finch, C.R. (1995). Green Brigade: Horticultural learn-and-earn program for juvenile offenders. HortTechnology 5(2): 118-120. (*SM) Flagler, J. & R.P. Poincelot. (1994). People-plant relationships: Setting research priorities. Food Products Press: New York. (*CBG) Gabaldo, M.M., M.D. King, & E.A. Rothert. (2003). Health through horticulture: A guide for using the outdoor garden for therapeutic outcomes. Chicago Botanic Garden: Glencoe, IL. (*CBG) Includes activity plans. Gassaway, B.M. (1990). Measuring arthritic hand skill performance during horticultural activities. Kansas State University: Masters thesis. Grese, R., R. Kaplan, R.L. Ryan, & J. Buxton. (2000). Psychological benefits of volunteering in stewardship programs. In P. Gobster and B. Hull (Eds.) Restoring nature: Perspectives from social science and humanities. Covello, CA: Island Press. p. 265-280.

Hamilton, S.L. & K. DeMarrais. (2001). Visits to public gardens: Their meaning for avid gardeners. HortTechnology 11(2): 209-215. (*SM) Haas, Karen L. (1997). What is an enabling garden? The Public Garden 12(3):2627 Haller, Rebecca. (1993). How a 40-year-old botanic garden addressed the needs of people with disabilities. The Public Garden 8(3):1417, 3435 Harder, B. (2004). Nature reduces kids signs of attention disorder. http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20040918/note16.asp Held, Annette. (2005). Revitalizing communities (and oneself) in Public gardens: Sources of personal transformation. The Public Garden 20(2):34 Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, American Horticultural Therapy Association, Denver Botanic Gardens, 909 York Street, Denver, CO 80206-3799 (*CBG) Hobbs, B.B. (1999). Increasing the 4-H participation of youth from high-risk environments. Journal of Extension, 37(4). http://www.joe.org/joe/1999august/rb1.html. (*SM) Kamp, David. (2006). An expanding horizon: Gardens for everyone. The Public Garden 21(2):2830 Kaplan, M. (1994). The senior gardening and nutrition project: Development and transport of a dietary behavior change and health promotion program. Journal of Nutrition Education. Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, MD. Nov/Dec 1990. 22(6): 262-270. (*CBG) Kaplan, R. & S. Kaplan. (2002). Adolescents and the natural environment: A time out? In P.H. Kahn, Jr. and S.R. Kellert (Eds.) Children and nature: Theoretical, conceptual, and empirical investigations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 227257. Kaplan, R. (1985). The analysis of perception via preference: A strategy for studying how the environment is experienced. Landscape Planning 12: 161-176. Kaplan, R. (1993). Environmental appraisal, human needs, and a sustainable future. In T. Gurling and R.G. Golledge (Eds.) Behavior and environment: Psychological and geographical approaches. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers. p. 117-140. Kaplan, R. & S. Kaplan. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Kaplan, R. & S. Kaplan. (1987). The garden as restorative experience: A research odyssey. In M. Francis and R. Hester (Eds.) Meanings of the Garden Conference Proceedings. Davis, CA: Center for Design Research, University of California. p. 335-341. Kaplan, R. & S. Kaplan. (2003). Health, supportive environments, and the Reasonable Person Model. American Journal of Public Health 93(9): 1484-1489. Kaplan, R. (1984). Human needs for renewable resources and supportive environments. In G. A. Bradley (Ed.) Land use and forest resources in a changing environment: The urban/forest interface. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. p. 133140. Kaplan, R. (1985). Human response to plants and landscapes. In D.F. Karnosky and S.L. Karnosky (Eds.) Improving the quality of urban life with plants. (Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Urban Horticulture). New York: The New York Botanical Garden. p. 45-60. Kaplan, R. (1995). Informational issues: A perspective on human needs and inclinations. In G. A. Bradley (Ed.) Urban forest landscapes: Integrating multidisciplinary perspectives. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 60-71. Kaplan, R. (1985). Nature at the doorstep: Residential satisfaction and the nearby environment. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 2: 115-127. Kaplan, R. (2001). Nature in the eye of the beholder. Michigan Quarterly Review 15(1): 207-217. Kaplan, R. (2001). The nature of the view from homepsychological benefits. Environment and Behavior 33: 507-542. Kaplan, R. & M.E. Austin. (2004). Out in the country: Sprawl and the quest for nature nearby. Landscape and Urban Planning 69(2-3): 235-243. Kaplan, R. (1977). Preference and everyday nature: Method and application. In D. Stokols (Ed.) Perspectives on environment and behavior: Theory, research and applications. New York: Plenum. p. 235-250. Kaplan, R. (1992). The psychological benefits of nearby nature. In D. Relf (Ed.) The role of horticulture in human well-being and social development. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 125-133. Kaplan, R. & S. Kaplan. (1990). Restorative experience: The healing power of nearby nature. In M. Francis and R.T. Hester, Jr. (Eds.) The meaning of gardens. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 238-244.

Kaplan, R. (1993). The role of nature in the context of the workplace. Landscape and Urban Planning 26: 193-201. Kaplan, R. (1983). The role of nature in the urban context. In I. Altman and J.F. Wohlwill (Eds.) Behavior and the natural environment. New York: Plenum. p. 127-161. Kaplan, R. (1973). Some psychological benefits of gardening. Environment and Behavior 5: 145-152. Kaplan, R. (1974). Some psychological benefits of an outdoor challenge program. Environment and Behavior 6: 101-116. Kaplan, R. (2001). Some psychological benefits of nearby nature. In M.R. DeHart and J.R. Brown (Eds.) Horticultural therapy: A guide for all seasons. St Louis, MO: National Garden Clubs. p. 8-11. (Adapted from R. Kaplan, 1992) Kaplan, R. (1977). Summer outdoor programs: Their participants and their effects. In Children, nature and the urban environment. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-30. p. 175-179. Kaplan, R. (1993). Urban forestry and the workplace. In P.H. Gobster (Ed.) Managing urban and high-use recreation settings. St. Paul, MN: Forest Service, USDA. General Technical Report NC-163. p. 41-45. Kaplan, R. (1984). Wilderness perception and psychological benefits: An analysis of a continuing program. Leisure Sciences 6: 271-289. Kaplan, R., S. Kaplan, & R. L. Ryan. (1998). With people in mind: Design and management of everyday nature. Washington, DC: Island Press. Kaplan, S. & R. Kaplan. (1977). The experience of the environment. Man-Environment Systems 7: 300-305. Kaplan, S. & R. Kaplan (Eds.) (1978). Humanscape: Environments for people. Belmont, CA: Duxbury. (Republished by Ann Arbor, MI: Ulrich's, 1982.) Kennedy, Karen. (2005). Holdens wellness program. The Public Garden 20(2):2426 Kim, J. & R. Kaplan. (2004). Physical and psychological factors in sense of community: New urbanist Kentlands and nearby Orchard Village. Environment and Behavior 36(3): 313-340. Kuo, F.E. & Sullivan W.C. (2001). Aggression and violence in the inner city: Impacts of environment via mental fatigue. Environment & Behavior 33(4): 543-571.

Kuo, F.E. (2002). Bridging the gap: How scientists can make a difference. In Bechtel, R. & Churchman, A. (Eds.), New Handbook of Environmental Psychology. Wiley & Sons. Kuo, F.E. (2001). Coping with poverty: Impacts of environment and attention in the inner city. Environment & Behavior 33(1): 5-34. Kuo, F.E., & Sullivan, W.C. (2001). Environment and crime in the inner city: Does vegetation reduce crime? Environment and Behavior 33(3): 343-367. Kuo, F.E., Sullivan, W.C., Coley, R.L., & Brunson, L. (1998). Fertile ground for community: Inner-city neighborhood common spaces. American Journal of Community Psychology 26(6): 823-851. Kuo, F.E., & Faber Taylor, A. (2004). A potential natural treatment for AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health 94(9): 1580-1586. Kuo, F.E. (2003). The role of arboriculture in a healthy social ecology: Invited review article for a Special Section. Journal of Arboriculture 29(3): 148-155. Kuo, F.E., Bacaicoa, M., & Sullivan, W.C. (1998). Transforming inner-city neighborhoods: Trees, sense of safety, and preference. Environment & Behavior 30(1): 28-59. Lalli, V.A., D.J. Tennessen, & K. Lockhart. (1998). Using plants to bridge generations: Horticulture and intergenerational learning as therapy (HILT). Cornell Cooperative Extension: Ithaca, NY. (*CBG) Lewis, C. (1996). Green nature/Human nature: The meaning of plants in our lives. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press. (*SM) Lewis, J.F. & R.H. Mattson. (1988). The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 34(2): 191-198. (*CBG) Lineberger, S.E. & J.M. Zajicek. (2000). School gardens: Can a hands-on teaching tool affect students attitudes and behaviors regarding fruit and vegetables? HortTechnology: 11(3): 593-596. (*SM) Louv, R. (2005). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. Algonquin Books: Chapel Hill, NC. (*SM) Majewski, Janice. (1993). Accessibility for people with disabilities. The Public Garden 8(3):89

Marcus, C.C. & M. Barnes. (1999). Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations. Wiley: New York. (*CBG) Mattson, R.H., L.E. Doxon, & S. Moore. (1986). Gardening may reduce blood pressure of elderly people: Activity suggestions and models for intervention. Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture 3:25-38. (*CBG) Mautz, R.K. and R. Kaplan. (1974). Residential modifications as a mode of self-expression. In D. H. Carson (Ed.) Man-environment interactions: Evaluations and applications. p. 55-65. (Published by Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, 1975.) McGinnis, M. Outdoor time calms hyper kids. http://www.prevention.com/article/0,5778,s1-6-73-4-4880-1,00.html Migura, M.M., Whittlesey, L.A., & Zajicek, J.M. (1997). Use of sensory stimulation with Alzheimer patients in a garden setting. In Flagler, J. & R.P. Poincelot (Eds.), People-plant relationships: Setting research priorities, A national symposium (proceedings), Hayworth Press, Inc: New York. (*CBG) Miles, I., Sullivan, W.C., & Kuo, F.E. (2000). Restoring the restorationist. Ecological Restoration 18(4): 218-227. Moore, B. (1989). Growing with gardening: A twelve-month guide for therapy, recreation, and education. University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill, NC. (*CBG) Niehaus, Juliet, and Lynn Hassler. (2005). Programming for the community. The Public Garden 20(2):2023 Nyberg, Jonathan. (1992). Horticultural therapy in action. Special Report. The Public Garden 7(1):3032 Ostenson, Patricia. (1993). Let me use what I have. The Public Garden 8(3):2023, 34 Ottosson, J. & P. Grahn. (2005). A comparison of leisure time spent in a garden with leisure time spent indoors: On measures of restoration in residents in geriatric care. Landscape Research 30(1): 23-55. (*CBG) Parson, R., T.C. Daniel, & L.G. Tassinary. The importance of exterior environment for Alzheimer residents: Effective care and risk management. Plant Science 5(2). (*CBG) Phibbs, E.J. and D. Relf (2005). Improving research on youth gardening. HortTechnology 15(3): 425-428.

Plankinton, H.S. (1973). Horticulture as a work program for therapy. University of Delaware thesis. Please, P., ed. (1990). Able to garden: A practical guide for disabled and elderly gardeners. Batsford: London. (*CBG) Poston, S.A., C.A. Shoemaker, & D.A. Dzewaltowski. (2005). A comparison of a gardening and nutrition program with a standard nutrition program in an out-ofschool setting. HortTechnology 15(3): 463-467. (*SM) Rahm, J. (2002). Emergent learning opportunities in an inner-city youth gardening program. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 39(2): 164-184. (*SM) Raised bed gardening: A resource manual for patients, families and professionals. (1988). Craig Hospital: Englewood, CO. (*CBG) Relf, D., ed. (1992). The role of horticulture in human well-being and social development. Timber Press: Portland, OR. (*CBG) Robinson, C.W. and J.M. Zajicek. (2005). Growing minds: The effects of a one-years school garden program on six constructs of life skills of elementary school children. HortTechnology 15(3): 453-457. Robinson, Frank. (1996). The people-plant connection. The Public Garden 11(2):1819, 43 Rothert, G. (1994). The enabling garden: Creating barrier-free gardens. Taylor Publishing Co.: Dallas. (*CBG) Rothert, Gene. (1997). What is an enabling garden? The Public Garden 12(3):2728 Rothert, Gene. (1999). What are universal design guidelines? The Public Garden 14(4):33 Salisbury, K.V. (2000). Enhancing the experiences of blind and visually impaired visitors in botanical gardens. University of Delaware thesis. Salisbury, Kathleen V. (2000). How well does your garden meet the needs of visuallyimpaired visitors? The Public Garden 15(2):1922 Schuman, H. (1998). Gardening within arms reach. Bartimeus: Zeist, Netherlands. (*CBG) Scott, Mary K., and Ann B. Parsons. (2005). Reaching out to at-risk youth. The Public Garden 20(3):2931

Shair, Gail. (1999). A history of childrens gardens. The Public Garden 14(3):911 Shoemaker, C.A. (ed). (2002). Interaction by design: Bringing people and plants together for health and well-being. Proceedings of the Sixth International People Plant Symposium, Glencoe, IL, 2000. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. Shoemaker, C.A. (1994). Plants and human culture. Journal of Home and Consumer Horticulture I(2/3): 3-7. Shoemaker, C.A. (2002). The profession of horticultural therapy compared with other allied therapies. Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture 13: 74-81. Shoemaker, C.A. (2002). Research methodologies for studying human responses to plants. Journal of the Japanese Society of People-Plant Relationships 2(1): 22-28. Shoemaker, C.A., P.D, Relf, & V.I. Lohr. (2000). Social science methodologies for studying individuals responses in human issues in horticulture research. HortTechnology 10(1): 87-93. Simson, S.P. & M.C. Straus, eds. (1998). Horticulture as therapy: Principles and practice. Haworth Press, Inc: Binghamton, NY. (*SM) Singer, Elayna. (1997). Healing plants. The Public Garden 12(3):1820 Snell, M.B. (2003). Life study: How nature nurtures students at an inner-city high school. Sierra 88(6): 36-43, 49. (*SM) Strauss, M. (1994). Horticultural therapy: Horticulture's contribution to the quality of life of disabled people. In E. Matsuo & P.D. Relf (Eds.), Horticulture in human life, culture, and environment, A national symposium (proceedings), Acta Horticulturae, IHC Proceedings Number 391, January 1995, pp.65-76. (*CBG) Stine, S. (1997). Landscapes for learning. New York: John Wiley and Sons. (*CBG) Sutter, M.J. (1990). Reaching the forgotten ones. Public Garden 5(2): 18-19. (*SM) Takano, T., Nakamura K., Watanabe M. (2002). Urban residential environments and senior citizens longevity in megacity areas: The importance of walkable green spaces. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 56: 913-918. Talbot, J.F. & R. Kaplan. (1991). The benefits of nearby nature for elderly apartment residents. International Journal of Aging and Human Development 33: 119-130. Talbot, J.F. and R. Kaplan. (1984). The need and the danger: The response to nature in the inner city. Journal of Arboriculture 10: 222-228.

Tanck, Sandy. (2006). On being a place that connects people and plants. The Public Garden 21(3):2527 Tanner, T. (1980). Significant life experiences: A new research area in environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education 11(4): 20-24. (*SM) Taylor, A.F., Kuo, F.E., & Sullivan, W.C. (2001). Coping with ADD: The surprising connection to green play settings. Environment and Behavior 33(1): 54-77. Taylor, A.F. & Kuo, F.E. (2006). Is contact with nature important for healthy child development? State of the evidence. In Spencer, C. & Blades, M. (Eds.), Children and Their Environments: Learning, Using and Designing Spaces. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. Taylor, A.F., Kuo, F.E., & Sullivan, W.C. (2002). Views of nature and selfdiscipline: Evidence from inner city children. Journal of Environmental Psychology 22: 49-63. Taylor, Jane. (1996). Michigan 4-H Childrens Garden in Why do we need childrens gardens? Field Notes. The Public Garden 11(2):2728 Taylor, Jane. (1999). Designing a garden for kids. The Public Garden 14(3):8 Tims, J. (2003). Brooklyn Botanic Gardens Childrens Gardening Program: Its meaning and impact on adult alumni. University of Tennessee thesis. http://etd.utk.edu/2003/TimsJayme.pdf. (*SM) Tyler, Cindy, and Gene Rothert. (1999). The Buehler Enabling Garden. The Public Garden 14(4):3238 Tyson, M. (1998). The healing landscape: Therapeutic outdoor environments. McGrawHill: New York. (*CBG) Ulrich, R.S., Simons, R.F., Miles, M.A. (2003). Effects of environmental simulations and television on blood donor stress. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 20: 38-47. Waliczek, T.M., J.C. Bradley, & J.M. Zajicek. (2001). The effect of school gardens on childrens interpersonal relationships and attitudes towards school. HortTechnology 11(3): 466-468. (*SM) Waliczek, T.M., P. Logan, & J.M. Zajicek. (2003). Exploring the impact of outdoor environmental activities on children using a qualitative text data analysis system. HortTechnology 13(4): 684-688. (*SM) Walker, Janet. (1999). The youth gardening program. The Public Garden 14(3):1820

Waylen, K. (2006). Botanic Gardens: Using biodiversity to improve human well-being. Botanic Gardens Conservation International: Richmond, UK. Waylen, Kerry Ann. (2006). Botanic gardens and human well being. The Public Garden 21(1):2223 Wells, N.M. (2000). At home with nature - Effects of "greenness on children's cognitive functioning. Environment and Behavior 32: 775-795. Wells, N.M. & Evans, G.W. (2003). Nearby nature A buffer of life stress among rural children. Environment and Behavior 35: 311-330. Wells, S.E., ed. (1997). Horticultural therapy and the older adult population. Haworth Press: New York. (*CBG) Woy, J. (1997). Accessible gardening: Tips and techniques for seniors and the disabled. Stackpole Books: Mechanicsburg, PA. (*CBG) Yeomans, K. (1992). The able gardener: Overcoming barriers of age and physical limitations. Storey Communications: Pownal, VT. (*CBG) Zuk, Judith D. (2002). Gardens: Part of the constructive, enduring activities of mankind. Viewpoint. The Public Garden 17(1):89

*CBG: submitted by Chicago Botanic Garden *SM: submitted by Susan Morgan