JATAMANSI

March 21, 2011

JATAMANSI

Biological source: Jatamansi oil is obtained by steam distillation of dried rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi Family: Valerianaceae Synonyms: LatinNardostachysjatamansi SanskritJatamansi Hindi-Jatamashi,Balchar English -- Muskroot, Indian Spikenard, (Indian valerian -- informal) Parts Used: Rhizome (rhizome oil) & Roots. Each plant and part has a different therapeutic value and must be prepared in its own way for maximum benefits.

BOTANY N. jatamansi is native to the Alpine Himalayas. It is a critically endangered, rhizomebearing medicinal plant that prefers high altitudes (3,000 to 5,000 m). The genus has 4 to 5 stamens. The calyx consists of 5 well-developed lanceolate or dentate lobes that continue to grow during maturation of the fruit.

BY:- 07BPH104(UKAWALA RAVIKUMAR), 07BPH105(PRAJAPATI RIPAL), 07BPH106(SHAH RONAK)

JATAMANSI
HISTORY

March 21, 2011

The plant has a rich history of medicinal use and has been valued for centuries in Ayurvedic (Indian) and Unani (ancient Greco-Arab) systems of medicine. The rhizomes of the plant are used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine as a bitter tonic, stimulant, antispasmodic, and to treat hysteria, convulsions, and epilepsy. The root has been medically used to treat insomnia and blood, circulatory, and mental disorders. Some preparations of the plant have been used as a heptotonic, cardiotonic, analgesic, and diuretic in the Unani system of medicine. The plant is of economic importance and has been used to produce perfumes and dyes. Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: Jatamansi is famous in ayurveda as an herb to combat the effects of day-to-day stress. It has the property of enhancing the body's innate ability to sleep well. It is considered a holy or "divine" plant in ayurveda and has traditionally been used as an air purifier. Charaka's ayurvedic text recommends it highly for insomnia, mental instability and to enhance memory. It is said to promote growth and maintain the color of hair.

PROPERTIES Jatamamsi is bitter, astringent and sweet in taste, sweet in the post digestive effect and has cold potency. It alleviates all the three dosas, especially kapha and pitta. It has a special potency (prabhava) as antipsychotic one. It possesses light and sharp attributes.

BY:- 07BPH104(UKAWALA RAVIKUMAR), 07BPH105(PRAJAPATI RIPAL), 07BPH106(SHAH RONAK)

JATAMANSI
MACROSCOPY:-

March 21, 2011

Erect, perennial herb, 10-60 cm in height with woody long, stout root stalk covered with reddish brown fibres of the peteiols of the radical leaves. Leaves are radical longitudinally nerved, elongate, spathulate, sessile, oblong or sub ovate, glabrous or slightly pubiscent. Flowers rosy pale pink or blue indense cymes usually 1,3 or 5. Fruits covered with ascending white hairs and crowned by the calyx teeth. Dried rhizome dark brown, 2.5-7.5 cm long, cylindrical, covered with reddishbrown fibres forming a net work, which are skeletons of sheathing leaf bases, fracture, brittle, internal colour reddish-brown, colour, strongly aromatic, taste, acrid, slightly bitter. Flowering and fruiting august to November.

MICROSCOPY:Transverse section of rhizome shows cork consisting of 2-5 layers of cells filled with oil globules, cortex characterised by the presence of schizogenous canals, phloem in form of patches of small cells, cambium ring distinct and continuous, xylem consists of vessles, scattered individually or in rows of two or three vessels, with scalariform thickening, older rhizomes show one or more stellate shaped rings of interxylary and medullary cork, completely or incompletely separating the rhizome into four to nine vascular strands by joining outer cork, each separated strand encircled by a few layers of cork cell consisting of an outer cortex zone followed by two or more functional vascular bundles, tissues in between the strands usually non-functional except for the cork cells which act as storage organ for oil globule.

BY:- 07BPH104(UKAWALA RAVIKUMAR), 07BPH105(PRAJAPATI RIPAL), 07BPH106(SHAH RONAK)

JATAMANSI
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

March 21, 2011

The occurance of number of sesquiterpenes, lignans, neolignans, coumarins & essential oils has been reported in the roots of the plant. Sesquiterpene:- Jatamansone or valeranone, nardostachone, dihydrojatamansin, jatamansinol, jatamansic acid, jatamansinone, jatamansinol, oroseolol, oroselone, seselin, valeranal, nardostachyin, nardosinone, spirojatamol, jatamol A and B, calarenol, seychellene, seychelane. A new sesquiterpene acid:- Nardin coumarin:- jatamansin or xanthogalin. A new pyranocoumarin:- 2, 2-dimethyl-3-methoxy-3, 4dihydropyranocoumarin Alkaloids:- Actinidine A new Iridoid:- 11-Methoxyvibutinal

BY:- 07BPH104(UKAWALA RAVIKUMAR), 07BPH105(PRAJAPATI RIPAL), 07BPH106(SHAH RONAK)

JATAMANSI
USES

March 21, 2011

The roots or rhizomes are used for medicinal purpose. Jatamamsi can be used both, internally as well as externally. The paste prepared in cold water is beneficial to reduce the burning sensation. It also imparts fair complexion to the skin and alleviates the pain and swelling. These properties of jatamamsi are immensely benevolent in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In excessive sweating, jatamamsi powder, being fragrant, is invaluable as a deodorant. In the skin ailments, associated with burning and in erysipelas, the decoction of jatamamsi is poured frequently on the affected areas. The medicated oil for massage is extremely useful for smooth, silky and healthy hair. Internally, the herb is useful in various diseases. It increases appetite and improves digestion. It is cholegouge, hence useful in hepatitis and enlargement of the liver. It helps relieving the phlegm in cough and asthma. Jatamamsi effectively relieves the symptoms like vertigo, seizures etc in the fever due to vitiation of majjagata pitta. As it improves the quantity of urine, it is salutary in urinary problems like dysuria and inflammation of urinary bladder. Jatamamsi can be of use as an adjunct in the treatment of sexual debility and impotence. It also exerts a cleansing effect on the uterus, hence is used in menstrual ailments like dysmenorrheal and inflammation of the uterus. Combined with dasamula, it works well in postpartum hysteria. It is also beneficial in skin diseases of kapha origin when treated with its decoction. Jatamamsi is one of the best herbs used in the treatment of epilepsy. It combines well with brahmi, vaca, jyotismati and yastimadhu. Jatamamsi ghrta is a very effective anti-epileptic formulation commonly used. The herb exerts calming and soothing effect on mind because of its sattvika attribute. It works as a tranquillizer and a mild sedative, hence, is beneficial in mental stress, hypertension, insomnia and headache.
BY:- 07BPH104(UKAWALA RAVIKUMAR), 07BPH105(PRAJAPATI RIPAL), 07BPH106(SHAH RONAK) 5

JATAMANSI

March 21, 2011

Jatamamsi is one of the medhya resayanas brin tonics, useful in enhancing the memory. It is a rejuvenative to majja dhatu. JATAMANSI USES AND PHARMACOLOGY

CNS activity Animal data Valeranone prolonged barbiturate anesthesia, impaired rotarod performance, inhibited electroshock convulsions, and potentiated the hypothermic effects of reserpine as well as Animal studies shows jatamansone have antioestrogenic, antiarrhythmic,

antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, sedative and tranquilizing activities. Limited results from behavioral tests revealed that an extract from N. jatamansi exhibited significant antidepressant activity. A 15-day treatment with an alcoholic root extract of N. jatamansi caused an overall increase in the levels of central monoamines and inhibitory amino acids, including a change in the levels of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, gamma-amino butyric acid, and taurine in rat brain. Pretreatment with an alcoholic extract dosed at 250 mg/kg of N. jatamansi for 15 days protected rats against focal ischemia caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The protective effect may be associated with improving glutathione content, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and activity on the Na+/K+ ATPase and catalase enzyme systems. Jatamansi shows the efficacy in the treatment of Parkinson disease, in depression, in convulsion(epilepsy), as neuroprotective & as nootropic action. Antifungal activity In vitro data N. jatamansi essential oil demonstrated fungistatic activity against Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger , and Fusarium oxysporum .

BY:- 07BPH104(UKAWALA RAVIKUMAR), 07BPH105(PRAJAPATI RIPAL), 07BPH106(SHAH RONAK)

JATAMANSI
Lipid-lowering activity Animal data

March 21, 2011

A 50% ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa (tuber) and N. jatamansi (whole plant) elevated the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. There also was a reduction in the ratio of total cholesterol/phospholipids. Other pharmacological studies A hepatoprotective action was observed in rats pretreated with an alcoholic extract of N. jatamansi dosed at 800 mg/kg for 3 days against thioacetamide-induced liver damage. Rats pretreated with the extract also had reduced levels of serum transaminases (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase) and alkaline phosphatase. AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS 1. Mamsi ghrta 2. Mamsi taila 3. Mamsyadi kvatha 4. Raksoghna ghrta 5. Sarvausadhi snana 6. Medhyarasayana churna 7. Paradadi churna HERBAL PREPARATION

1. Jatamansi capsule(MEDHA, NEOPASSIT)

2. 3. 4. 5. Banyan Botanicals Mental Clarity Formula(Tablets)

Jatamansi hair oil ABANA(By HIMALAYA DRUG CO.) STRESSNIL syrup

Dose:1) root powder:- 2-4 gms 2) Decoction:- 50-100 ml

BY:- 07BPH104(UKAWALA RAVIKUMAR), 07BPH105(PRAJAPATI RIPAL), 07BPH106(SHAH RONAK)

JATAMANSI
Pregnancy/Lactation

March 21, 2011

Avoid use during pregnancy and lactation because of the lack of clinical studies. Adverse Reactions Patients with known hypersensitivity reactions should avoid use. Jatamamsi in large dosage causes vomiting and diarrhea with abdominal pain.

REFERENCES:1. Singh A, Kumar A, Duggal S. Nardostachys Jatamansi Dc. Potential Herb With Cns Effects. JPRHC. 2009, 1(2), 276-290. 2. Chatterjee A, Basak B, Datta U, Banerjii J, Neuman A, Prange T. Studies on the chemical constitutents of Nardostachys jatamansi DC(Valerianaceae). Indian J of Chem. 2005, 44B, 430-433. 3. Chen Y, Yu L, Huang R, Lv Y, Gui S. 11-Methoxyvibutinal, A new iridoid from Valeriana Jatamansi. Arch pharm Res. 2005, 28(10), 1161-1163.

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BY:- 07BPH104(UKAWALA RAVIKUMAR), 07BPH105(PRAJAPATI RIPAL), 07BPH106(SHAH RONAK)