6.

Completion and Perforating Services

VI
Perforating

Proper selection of the perforating gun, as well as the conveyance and completion program, is a necessary undertaking to complete a well to its optimum performance. Critical parameters of a perforating guns design or performance can have positive or negative effects on the perforated completion. Each gun system has features and benefits that can be readily identified and used as selection criteria. This section lists the perforating systems, and their individual benefits and strengths as well as identifying techniques and technologies for various types of completions. More in-depth information for each service is available on the Baker Atlas website or in the Baker Atlas document Perforating Applications, A Solutions Guide for Perforated Completions. Please contact your local customer service representative, or log on to www.bakeratlasdirect.com for more information and a complete list of Baker Atlas services.

Section Contents/Solution Highlights Matrix

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Perforating Charges Overview

Wide Selection of Perforating Systems Available to Fit Any Application Perforating Charges Overview
Baker Atlas offers a wide range of gun sizes, shot density and shot-phasing options, with either deep-penetrating or big-hole perforating charges to match specific completion requirements. The criteria for choosing a particular perforating system varies. The selection can be a simple matter of economics, conveyance or anticipated well conditions. Each gun system and charge has features and benefits that can be readily identified and used as selection criteria.

Charges
Predator ZXSM shaped charges are our deepest-performing perforating series. The Predator ZX shaped charge is a market leader in penetration and performance. This system is designed to give superior performance for natural completions by giving more connectivity to the undisturbed area of your formation. Predator XPSM high-performance shaped charge is a premium line of deep-penetrating charges providing deep penetration past the damaged or invaded zone. This charge is tested in accordance with the rigid API RP-19B specification. The charge is designed for use with expendable bar carrier, through-tubing expendable hollow carrier and expendable hollow carrier gun systems. Predator XSSM shaped charge was recently developed to address the needs for the stimulated completion. This series of shaped charges was engineered to alleviate some of the problems encountered with fracing when perforating with high-end perforators. The design of these charges optimizes the hole size for the stimulation and keeps penetration deep enough to get past a lot of the near-wellbore damage and expose more of the formation. Our goal was to help frac jobs become more successful and to help our customers decrease their fracing costs. Predator FPSM high-performance shaped charge is the new line of big hole charge providing maximum hole size in the casing for optimum total-open-flow-area. This charge is used with through-tubing expendable hollow carrier and expendable hollow carrier gun systems. PredatorTM shaped charge was developed in the 1990s and launched the path to high-performance shaped charge technology. This charge is available for use with expendable bar carrier, through-tubing expendable hollow carrier and expendable hollow carrier gun systems. Standard Deep Penetrating (DP) shaped charge is designed for reliable performance with expendable bar carrier, through-tubing expendable hollow carrier, expendable hollow carrier and ported hollow carrier gun systems. Standard Big Hole (BH) shaped charge provides a hole size that can be used in expendable bar carrier, through-tubing expendable hollow carrier, expendable hollow carrier and ported hollow carrier gun systems.
API RP-19B Target opened up for measurements

Specifications
Please contact your Baker Atlas representative to select the perforating system and charge to fit your completion requirements. Additional perforating information can be found in the Baker Atlas/Baker Oil Tools Perforating Applications and Perforating Capabilities book.

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Producing Near-zero Skin During a Perforation Event

Dynamic Underbalance Dynamic Underbalance Optimization Process (DUO)
Baker Hughes Dynamic Underbalance Optimization (DUOSM) process is an analysis and job planning system to engineer the underbalance profile and flow duration during the perforation process, and optimize the flow efficiency of the perforated completion.

Operations
Dynamically underbalanced perforating is a method of creating an immediate, but temporary, underbalance condition in the wellbore to clean up the perforations without the need of establishing traditional static underbalance conditions. This is accomplished by using the perforating assemblys internal volumes to manipulate wellbore pressure and flow. This method also addresses some operational constraints that can exist in some completion processes. Baker Hughes has developed a customizable vent assembly (IGPV Inter-Gun Pressure Vent) to enable the dynamic underbalance requirements of each perforated section. The surge assembly creates the required pressure-drop and flow-volume based on DUO pre-job modeling.

Dynamic Underbalance flow characteristic

Highlights
Berea core perforated, cut open and examined.

Reduces or eliminates perforating damage and debris, near-zero skin perforations Uses custom-designed programs for each interval Simplifies well preparation by removing the need for large static pressures Reduces risk of environmental impact

The nearly infinite combination of the number of ports opened in the vent sub and the volume of atmospheric chambers included, allows the BHA to be tailored to precisely match the reservoir requirements.

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Increase Productivity
Overcome Extensive Drilling Damage StimGun Propellant-Assisted Perforating Products
The StimGunTM family of propellant-based products offers the industry the first fully integrated, technology-based, and thoroughly tested tools designed to dynamically clean up and stimulate the near-wellbore area.

Operation
The StimGun family of products consists of three unique product offerings the StimGun Assembly, the StimTubeTM Tool, and the Well Stimulation Tool (WST). These three products allow for maximum stimulation design flexibility for a wide range of well configurations. The StimGun assembly consists of two major components the perforating gun and the special propellant sleeve surrounding the gun. During the perforating event, the propellant sleeve is ignited, producing a burst of highpressure gases that enter the formation through the perforations and create fractures. The result is improved penetration into the formation and greater connectivity to the wellbore. The StimTube and WST instruments are both stimulation tools used as an efficient and economical means to provide stimulation to wells having existing perforations or openhole completions. They are conveyed on wireline and often can provide economical alternatives to recompletion and remediation. An integral portion of the StimGun family of products is the pre-job design analysis from the PulsFracTM modeling software. The results of the PulsFrac analysis are used to define job parameters such as propellant quantity, fluid level requirements, pressure magnitude and duration, and to optimize the breakdown and fracture results.

The StimGun process maximizes connectivity by creating fractures to extend beyond the perforation tunnels.

Applications
Wells with extensive near-wellbore damage Wells with close oil or water contact, where hydraulic fracturing is not possible Pre-stimulation perforation breakdown to reduce tortuosity and increase injectivity Tubing-conveyed or wireline-conveyed perforating applications

Pre-job design analysis from PulsFracTM modeling software.

StimTube and StimGun are trademarks of Marathon Oil Company. PulsFrac is a trademark of John F. Schatz Research & Consulting Inc.

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Debris Management
Drastically Reduce Debris in Extended Reach Wellbores XLD (eXtreme Low Debris) Perforating Systems
When perforating long intervals in extended reach wells or where wellbore undulating is present, debris can be an immense problem. Debris can build up in low areas in the wellbore, even in the perforations tunnels, reducing production and sometimes cutting off intervals. Clean up is very expensive and can damage zones under the right circumstances. The eXtreme Low Debris system reduces the debris volume by 92% compared to steel charges without adversely affecting shaped charge performance.

Debris Comparisons
140 120 100 80 Debris Volume (cc/m) 60 40 20 0 New Extreme Low Debris from Standard Debris from Steel Charge (cc/m) PERFFORM low debris Debris System (cc/m) system (cc/m)

Operations
Baker Hughes has been an innovator and leader in lowdebris technology for perforating services in completions. Once again Baker Hughes is advancing low debris technology with its new XLD (eXtreme Low DebrisSM) perforating system introduced in 2007. This advanced system does not degrade shaped charge perforation performance, it actually enhances it in some cases. The reduction of perforating debris volume is 92% less that of steel and 82% less that of our low-debris PERFFORMSM systems. This significant and impressive reduction in debris helps keep wellbores cleaner and significantly reduces debris-related issues and their adverse effects on production.

Highlights
Significant decrease in debris compared to current industrial low-debris standards Reduced completion problems related to perforating debris Cleaner wellbores Available in 3 3/8" and 4" (85.7 mm and 114.3 mm) HOPS service

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Effective Sand Control

Reduce Perforating Debris to Enhance Operations PERFFORM Low Debris Perforating Systems
Big-hole or gravel pack shaped charges use liners which, after perforating, re-form into solid plugs of copper commonly called carrots. Carrots and other charge debris can plug perforations and cause stimulation and completion techniques to fail, leading to increased costs and reduced operational efficiency. Plugged perforations might not be successfully packed, reducing effective shot density and possibly creating a potential for gravel pack failure. PERFFORM SM shaped charges provide low debris, carrot-free perforating operations.

Comparison between PERFFORM low debris shaped charge (left) and debris generated from a standard shape charge.
PERFFORM STEEL

Operation
Baker Hughes pioneered low-debris technology when PERFFORM shaped charges were introduced in 1991, and it has since become the industry benchmark for low-debris perforating. The PERFFORM perforating system utilizes a shaped charge case and a patented liner that does not produce carrots and coarse steel charge debris. The debris is reduced to a fine, acid-soluble powder, which is easily flowed back. As a direct result of the smaller debris-size distribution, the probability of plugging is significantly reduced. The debris from the shaped charge case is soluble to hydrochloric acid at standard concentrations and also to the newer high-temperature organic acids. The result is a cleaner, more productive gravel pack completion.

PERFFORM
INSOLUBLE 22 %

STEEL
INSOLUBLE 97 %

SOLUBLE 78 %

SOLUBLE 3%

PERFFORM debris is acid soluble compared to standard charge debris.

Standard Perforator PERFFORM Low Debris

Highlights
7" OD 12 SPF GP

4-1/2" OD 12 SPF GP

0.0

10

15

Kg/meter

Comparison of shaped charge debris generated per meter of perforated interval.

Elimination of carrots Smaller debris size Increased solubility to acid Reduced completion problems related to perforating debris Cleaner wellbores and perforations Enhance formation treatment Compatible with most completion fluids Available in deep penetrating versions for natural completions and extended reach applications Available in all shot densities and all gun sizes

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Thru-Tubing Perforating in Gas and Restricted Profile Wellbores

Larger Perforating Guns for Restricted and Gas Wellbores XPLS 2" and 2 1/2" Low Swell Guns
The 2" and 2" Predator XP Low Swell (LS) gun systems are a breakthrough in performance and debris reduction for a low swell system. These systems exceed anything in low swell on the market. The low swell aspect of this design was not accomplished by lowering the explosive gram load and sacrificing performance. This feat was accomplished through new concepts and technology in the perforating industry developed by Baker Atlas.

Operations
2" Predator XP LS charge passing through a 2.188" nipple after being shot in fluid.

The 2" Predator XP LS is for conditions requiring better performance in a well having restrictions that typically mandate the next lower size gun system. Bigger is better, in that the bigger the charge the better performance it has. The smaller gun systems, 1 9/16" EHC, drastically reduce the perforation hole in a well, thus possibly reducing the potential for the well. This is nothing new a larger gun down the wellbore leads to better penetration performance.

Highlights
Debris comparisons from a 2" Predator XP LS charge (A) and a regular 2" steel shaped charge (B).

Premium shaped charge with deep penetration Low swell design means the spent gun can pass through tighter restrictions Reduction in debris Can be mixed-loaded with the Predator XSSM shaped charges Field proven with hundreds of runs Available in 2" and 2" Predator XP shaped charges Performance data available at www.api.org

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Prevent Sand Production

Align Perforations with the Formation Stresses HOPS Horizontal Oriented Perforating System
Oriented perforating with respect to the in-situ formation stresses has been shown to prevent the onset of sand production in moderately competent sandstones. The HOPSSM service provides accurate and reliable orientation of the perforating guns in highly deviated, extendedreach wells.

Operation
The Horizontal Oriented Perforating SystemSM service is used to reliably perforate long intervals in highly deviated and horizontal wellbores where accurate orientation of the perforations is critical. Additionally, Shot Direction Indicating Devices (SDIDs) can be used throughout the gun string to provide verification the guns orient correctly. Accurate orientation ability has been engineered into the system and verified by both extensive full-scale laboratory testing as well as numerous field cases, even in wells having tortuosity through the perforated interval.

Horizontal Oriented Perforating System (HOPS)

Highlights
Some of the shot patterns available

Used in applications such as perforating to prevent sand production as well as perforating to avoid water contact Accurate and verifiable orientation in wells having tortuosity up to 10/30 meter build in the perforated interval One recent North Sea job using SDIDs verified orientation was within 7.5 as designed. A world-record job perforated 2,246 meters of interval in one run, using 188 swivel gun connectors with 100% success.

Specifications
Description Gun OD (in.) Shot Density (SPF) Phasing Charge Type 2.88 6 Specification 4.50 Various 6.00 5 7.00 10

10/350 Various

10/350 0/180

Predator XP and PERFFORM DP

Perforating with respect to in-situ stress

Further information on HOPS and oriented perforating is found in SPE 80929, Advances in Horizontal Oriented Perforating Optimize Perforation Efficiency and Production While Maintaining Borehole Stability.

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Prevent Formation Damage

Perforate Without Killing the Well Snapshot CT Live Well Deployment System
The Snapshot CTSM Live Well Deployment System is a special perforating gun system used to deploy and retrieve perforating guns into a producing well without having to kill the well. By not killing the well, no potentially damaging kill-weight fluids are placed across the reservoir.

Operation
This system is used with a coiled tubing unit to convey the guns and maintain well control during the entire operation without introducing potentially damaging kill-weight fluid to the reservoir. Guns are deployed into the well with the Snapshot connector using only stabbing and pulling motions to connect gun sections. This is accomplished by the positive snap latch design of the connector, requiring only set-down weight to snap the latch sub of the upper gun into the receptacle of the lower gun. The gun sections are uncoupled via a dedicated ram in the deployment BOP, which when closed, compresses keys in the latch sub to release the connection. To transfer the detonation from one gun section to the next, a field-proven bulkhead ballistic wet connect transfer system featuring a donor shaped charge is used. Upon detonation of the upper gun, the donor shaped charge located in the latch sub perforates the bulkhead of the transfer sub in the receptacle, and in so doing detonates the lower perforating guns.

Applications
Underbalanced perforating of long intervals Through-tubing interventions in deviated or multilateral wells Perforating long intervals without the need of a drilling or workover rig Underbalanced perforating of depleted or fluid-sensitive reservoirs

Specifications
Description Tool OD (in.) Make-up Length (in.) Pressure Rating (psi) Tensile Rating (lb) Torque Rating (ft-lb) Specification 2.30 37.2 20,000 60,000 1,800 3.00 34.4 20,000 75,000 3,100

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Prevent Formation Damage

Perforate without Killing the Well SGS Stackable Gun System
The Stackable Gun System is a special perforating system used in both new well completions and well interventions to perforate long intervals underbalanced. As the guns can be retrieved without killing the well, formation damage can be prevented.

Operation
Utilizing either the special pressure set or mechanical set Bottom Gun Anchor to establish a fixed bottom, the guns are lubricated into or out of the well using slickline or wireline, one section at a time. The last gun section deployed contains a TCP-style firing head. After the guns have fired, the gun sections can be retrieved one at a time without the need to kill the well.

Highlights
Adaptable for most applications Re-perforating Underbalanced perforating Depleted or fluid-sensitive formations Rigless perforating of long intervals Available with mechanical or hydraulic-set Compatible with Predator XPSM perforating systems Compatible with the StimGunTM system Wireline or slickline conveyance

Specifications
Casing Sizes Gun OD (in.) Gun Lengths (ft) Connector M/U Length (ft) Fish Neck (in.) Centralizer OD (in.) 2.760 3.800 0.97 3 1/2 2 4 1/2 2 7/8 5 & 5 1/2 3 3/8 7 & 7 5/8 4 1/2

4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28 0.93 1.14 1.75 4.375 5.600 1.12

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Increase Operational Flexibility

Perforate Longer Intervals while Maintaining Pressure Control IGAR Inter-Gun Automatic Release
The Inter-Gun Auto Release (IGAR) is a modular release tool used within the perforating gun assembly to automatically release a portion of the perforating guns after the guns have detonated. This feature allows perforation of longer-length intervals on wire or coil while at the same time allowing simple pressurecontrolled retrieval of the gun sections without the need of expensive surface deployment systems.

Operation
The IGAR is useful in applications where it is desired to retrieve only a portion of the perforating guns, such as instances where limited lubricator length prohibits retrieving the entire perforating assembly. Detonation of the perforating guns creates a pressure wave that travels through the IGAR to shift a piston upward. A collet, no longer supported by this piston, is now free to retract and the guns are free to separate. After the IGAR has released, a fishing neck profile is provided on the left in hole portion of the tool to allow easy retrieval using a standard fishing overshot.

Highlights
Through-tubing wireline perforating of intervals longer than the wireline lubricator length Underbalanced perforating of depleted or fluidsensitive reservoirs Useful for TCP, CT and top-fire wireline conveyed perforating jobs Can be placed at any connection along the gun string

Specifications
Size OD [Max] (in.) Operating Pressure (psi) Tensile Rating (lb) Fishing Neck OD (in.) Temperature Rating Service CIS 3.125 20,000 40,000 1.375 Dependent on Explosives Used Standard

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Reduce Completion Costs

Perforate Longer Intervals on Wireline with Fewer Runs J-GB Model J-Gun Brake
The ability to perforate multiple or long-length intervals in one run using wireline can drastically reduce rig time, saving completion costs. With the Model J-Gun Brake (J-GB), longer and heavier guns are run in a single trip, where in the past multiple runs would have been required. This time savings can significantly reduce operating costs for deepwater completions.

Operation
The J-Gun Brake is a compact, economical, temporary gun anchor that minimizes gun shock to the wireline rope socket. The J-GB is set with axial movement (up/down), and simple overpull releases the tool and resets it to the run-in position. Depending upon the requirements, the J-GB can be assembled in either the Compression Set Mode to prevent the guns from being blown downward in balanced or slightly overbalanced applications, or in the Tension Set Mode to prevent the guns from being blown upward during underbalanced perforating. Unlike other gun brake devices that attempt to restrict or brake any movement after detonation, the J-GB is anchored securely before the perforating event. Additionally, the J-GB features a Gun Shock Position that will automatically reset if movement in the opposite direction occurs.

Highlights
Perforate longer intervals on wireline without the need for a rig or TCP Rugged and reliable construction utilizing proven Baker Oil Tools technology Case Study: 145 feet of 4 1/2" OD 12 SPF perforating guns shot in one run in Brazil Case Study: 42 feet of 7" OD 18 SPF big hole guns shot in the Gulf of Mexico in one run

Specifications
Tool Size Casing Size (in.) Pressure Rating (psi) Load Limit (lbs)
1

43 4 /2 to 5

45 5 /2
1

47 7 to 7 /8
5

51 9 5/8

15,000 35,000

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Reliably Perforate the Upper Zone

Proven Technology to Avoid Perforating the Long String EMO Electro-Magnetic Orienting Perforating
Inadvertent perforating of the long string can introduce safety and production concerns, as well as unnecessary costs and complexities. The upper zone of a dual completion can be reliably perforated using the proven EMO perforating system to orient the perforations away from the long string.

Operation
Oriented perforating in the direction opposite the lower interval production string (long string) is accomplished with through-tubing perforating using the EMO system. Using the properties of electro-magnetism to detect the mass of the long string and incorporating a rugged downhole motor and anchor, the perforating guns can be selectively rotated to a position to fire opposite the long string.

Highlights
Fully compatible with the Guardian system Field proven technology, years of reliability Combinable with most perforating systems, including the Predator XPSM high-performance shaped charges For through-tubing applications in 2 3/8" and greater tubing Can be configured to perforate the long string, via the short string, for well control and pipe recovery applications

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Reduce Costs for Interventions

Perforating Deviated or Long Intervals without a Rig on Location CTCP Coiled Tubing Conveyed Perforating
Perforating of highly deviated wells without need for a drilling rig on location can reduce costs significantly. Coiled tubing provides an efficient and cost-effective conveyance method of perforating guns. Coiled tubing provides the rigidity necessary to place perforating guns in extended-reach wells, and has the needed the strength to run longer-length gun assemblies compared to conventional wireline conveyance.

Operation
Coiled tubing offers a number of operational and economic advantages including: live well intervention, elimination of well kill and potentially damaging fluids, reduced operational footprint, horizontal well intervention and the ability to intervene without a rig. Its tubular construction allows a conduit for circulation and pressure control and, coupled with the ability to install electric line into the tubing, makes coiled tubing a highly versatile conveyance method. Baker Hughes provides perforating solutions that capture the benefits of using coiled tubing conveyance while providing field-proven technology.

Applications
Through-tubing interventions Snapshot CTSM Live Well Deployment System for intervention without need of well kill Combinable with electric wireline provides positive perforating depth and multiple zone SelectFire applications Perforating of highly deviated and extended-reach wells without need for drilling rig Pipe recovery applications such as perforating for circulation and tubing cutter operations

Highlights
1,455 feet (443 meters) of 2" OD x 6 SPF perforating guns conveyed in one run successfully perforated and retrieved 758 feet (231 m) of 1 9/16" OD x 4 SPF perforating guns conveyed in one run successfully perforated and retrieved

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Proven Cost Savings

Save Time on Well Completions NeoTrip One-Trip Perforate and Completion Systems
The benefits of a successful one-trip style completion include saving rig time and minimizing fluid losses. The NeoTripSM series of one-trip completions have been proven in the Gulf of Mexico and other regions to successfully provide novel solutions that save time and offer flexibility.

Operation
Leveraging expertise from all Baker Hughes completions technologies, the NeoTrip completion systems present a true one-trip perforate and completion solution that is field proven. The well is perforated after the completion, and production equipment is in place and flanged up, so production can be brought on immediately.

Highlights
Utilizes the Hydraulic Bottom Gun Anchor (HBGA), the Model J Bottom Gun Anchor (JBGA), or the Hang and Release Gun Hanger (HR) to provide a temporary platform to secure the guns on depth. A selection of firing methods includes pressure or mechanically actuated, redundant pressure-fire, and slickline-conveyed passive systems. The gun assembly is run as the bottom-most portion of the completion. After setting the anchor to secure the guns at shooting depth, the completion string is separated from the bottom-hole assembly and repositioned to the desired setting depth. The wellhead can be installed. The completion string can be set as far uphole from the perforating guns as desired. This allows future completions without tailpipe interference. After firing, the perforating gun assembly automatically drops to bottom, providing fullbore access. Systems available for 4 1/2" casing through 9 5/8" casings.

Sample Configurations
System Neo-Trip HH Neo-Trip PH Neo-Trip RH Neo-Trip MJ Neo-Trip RHR Firing Option Hydraulic Passive Redundant Mechanical Redundant Anchor Option HBGA HBGA HBGA JBGA HR

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Simplify the Gravel Packed Completion

Save Rig Time and Reduce Fluid Loss PDP Perforate and Gravel Pack Completion System
The PDP Perforate and Gravel Pack Completion System combines proven TCP and sand control technologies. This one-trip gravel pack completion provides benefits such as reduced rig time and fluid loss for wells not requiring a complex gravel pack procedure.

Operation
Leveraging expertise from all Baker Hughes completions technologies, the PDP system presents a field-proven, one-trip perforate and gravel pack solution. The perforating and gravel pack operations are conducted after the completion equipment is flanged up; production begins immediately thereafter. The gun and screen assemblies are run in on the completion string with either the Hydraulic Bottom Gun Anchor (HBGA) or the Model J Bottom Gun Anchor (JBGA) to provide a temporary platform. The completion string is separated from the bottom-hole assembly and raised to the desired setting depth. The completion is set, and the well is flanged up. The guns and screen drop immediately after firing to the pre-determined PBTD; the screens are now across the perforations. A simple over-the-top-style frac pack is then performed, and the well is brought on production.

Highlights
Over 15 successful runs to date in the Gulf of Mexico and Asia Pacific regions (2003) Systems available for 4 1/2" casing through 9 5/8" casing Detonated by either mechanical or hydraulic means Combine with StimGunTM to reduce the perforation breakdown pressures Combine with the TCP Firing Head Setting Tool to run and set the plug on the same trip

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Reduce the Fracturing Costs

Directional Perforating with Respect to the Fracture Planes TCP-AOP TCP Azimuthally Oriented Perforating
For reservoirs requiring stimulation, orienting the perforations to the fracture plane helps reduce the breakdown pressure. A novel TCP method allows perforations to be azimuthally oriented using a gyroscope and a properly aligned oriented-indicating sub. This method provides real-time verification of the orientation prior to perforating.

Operation
The perforating guns are aligned with the oriented-indicating sub, which is placed above the firing head and ported disc assembly. Once the guns are on depth, the gyroscope is conveyed on electric line and seats in the oriented indicating sub. With real-time reading provided by the gyroscope, rotating the pipe at the surface aligns the perforations to the desired azimuth.

Highlights
Positive orientation for proper alignment Reduces costs involved with stimulating the well Ideal for vertical wells Verifies proper alignment prior to perforating Systems available for all tubing sizes

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Reduce the Costs Associated with Stimulating Multiple Zones

Stimulate, then Perforate, in a Single Run PSI Parallel Perforating System
In highly deviated wells requiring staged stimulations, numerous runs are necessary: one trip to perforate and one trip to stimulate. The PSI Parallel Perforating System, a special TCP application, incorporates a perforating assembly with the workstring. Using this system, the zones are stimulated then perforated in a single run, thus reducing the number of runs required.

Operations
This system offers a unique approach by stimulating a lower zone, and then moving up the hole to perforate the next zone. The perforating gun and firing head assembly are side-mounted to the workstring, providing non-restrictive flow during the stimulation process. To perforate, a pump-through plug is dropped from the surface seats, isolating the hydraulic firing head. Pressure is then applied to fire the gun. Additional pressure ruptures the disc in the plug to reestablish circulation.

Highlights
Special TCP application for stimulating zones and then perforating Allows rotation of the workstring for setting packers or actuating accessory tools Safe and reliable Unlimited number of intervals may be treated Field proven May be used in any deviation

Specifications
System Size Gun OD (in.) Shot Density (SPF) Phasing Max Torque (ft-lb) Max Tensile Strength (lb) Pressure Rating (psi) 7-inch OD casing 2 78 6 60/240 5,000 180,000 15,000

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Reduce Cost and Increase Efficiency on Complex Completions

Save Rig Time and Tailor the Completion of Each Zone Tubing-Conveyed Dual String Perforating Systems
Multiple zones can be individually isolated and perforated according to the optimum completion program for each reservoir. Zones can be perforated underbalanced, overbalanced, or with specialized fluids to best optimize productivity. Tubing-conveyed perforating guns are installed as part of the completion and positioned to perforate away from adjacent production strings, reducing time and increasing operating efficiency.

Operation
Tubing-conveyed perforating offers flexibility and adaptability for multi-zone, single-selective and other complex well completion designs. Combining the TCP as part of the completion string reduces rig time and enables the well to be brought on production immediately after perforating. By not killing the well to retrieve the spent perforating guns, potentially damaging fluids are not required. Inadvertent perforating of the long string can introduce safety and production concerns, as well as adding costs and complexity. Perforating in the direction opposite the production string is accomplished by using speciallyconfigured TCP perforating guns and hardware that maintain orientation during the trip in the hole.

Highlights
TCP systems for dual-string applications in most casing sizes Maximum underbalance to promote effective perforation clean-up Immediate production without killing the well Combinable with most guns, including the Predator XP SM high-performance shaped charges Applicable for multiple, fluid-sensitive and depleted intervals

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Wireline Perforating Safety

Perforating Using Electrical Devices GDN Guardian II/EBW Perforating Package
The Guardian II system is a ballistic fire control system specifically designed for perforating safety. This system eliminates the need for radio silence, shutting down of cathodic protection, or welding during the perforating operations. In areas where remote reporting sensors and transmitters are used, the Guardian II system is critical to ensure safety.

Operation
The Guardian II system consists of two main components: the exploding bridgewire (EBW) detonator and electronic modules known as the PX-1. The EBW detonator does not contain a primary explosive and is immune to initiation by external power sources. Activating the PX-1 module causes a capacitor to charge and release the stored electrical energy into the bridgewire within the EBW detonator. This time-dependent energy release causes the bridgewire to explode into the secondary explosive of the detonator thus beginning the high-order explosive process.

Highlights
Available for all perforating gun sizes Available for both bottom-fire and top-fire systems Available for packer setting tools and pipe recovery applications Field-proven technology, years of reliability Eliminates the need for any of the following during the perforating process: Radio silence Shutdown of cathodic protection Shutdown of welding process

Specifications
Description Temperature Rating (F) Input Output (Firing) Voltage Pressure Rating Specification -13 F to +437 F (-25 C to +225 C) 22-230 VDC @ 160-260 mA 5000 V+15% / >2000 A / <250 ns Dependent on the gun system

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