ANTENNA & RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

Year: Third

C 307

Theory: 2 hrs/Week Tutorial: -hrs/Week

Antenna (One term)

1) Electromagnetic Fundamentals: 4hrs. Time-varying electromagnetic field equation; non-homogeneous wave equation; Boundary condition; Poynting's theorem; or power equation; Solution of maxwell's equations for radiation problems; field regions; Lorentz reciprocity theorem; Ideal (infinitesimal) electrical dipole. 2) Basic Antenna Concepts: 8hrs. Frequency of operation; Radiation pattern and it's parameters; Beam area( beam solid angle); Effective height; Aperture concept; Antenna polarization; Antennas in communication links and radar; Antenna noise temperature; Receiving properties of antennas; Antenna parameters measurement, Field intensity measurements. 3) Arrays: 8hrs. Linear arrays of n isotropic point sources of unequal amplitude and spacing; Linear arrays of n isotropic point sources of equal amplitude and spacing; Broadside array; End-fire array; Main beam scanning array Linear arrays of n dipole sources of equal amplitude and spacing; Pattern Multiplication; Directivity, Gain and Beam width of an array. 4) Practical Examples of Antennas: 6hrs. Small loop antenna; Traveling-wave antennas; Helical antennas; Log-periodic antenna; Yagi-Uda antennas; Reflector antennas; micro-strip antennas 5) Antenna Sitting: Antenna sitting and the effect of perfect ground. 4hrs.

Radio wave propagation (One term)

1) The Propagation Media: 8hrs. The atmosphere; the structure of the atmospheric layers; Electromagnetic properties of the layers. 2) Mode of Wave Propagation: Mode of radio wave propagation in communication and radar systems. 2hrs.

3) Ground Wave Propagation: 4hrs. Ground parameters; propagation equation; propagation problems; applications. 4) Ionosphere Wave Propagation: 8hrs. D-layer attenuation; ionosphere reflective index; Snell's law of refraction; effect of earth's magnetic field; regular variations of the ionosphere; critical frequency; maximum usable frequency; virtual height; launch angle; ionosonds; maximum usable 30

frequency factor; optimum working frequency; irregular variations of the ionosphere, fading, HF antennas. 5) Space Wave Propagation in the Troposphere: 6hrs. Effect of earth's curvature reflection; diffraction and atmospheric effects in space wave propagation; super-refraction; fading; Line-of- side(LOS); Fresnel zone; Radio Relay Links(RRL). 6) Scatter Propagation: Troposphere scatter radio links; ionoscatter and meteor scatter radio systems; propagation equations. 2hrs.

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