INDEX

1. DEFINITION

Pg.1

2. MATHEMATICAL APPROACH

Pg. 1

3. HOW TO MAKE A BASIC FRACTAL

Pg. 1

4. FRACTAL METHODS

Pg. 2 - 5

5. FRACTAL AND ITS APPLICATION

Pg. 5 - 7

What is fractal? A fractal is "a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a reduced-size copy of the whole," a property called self-similarity. "broken" or "fractured." Mathematical explanation of fractal A mathematical fractal is based on an equation that undergoes iteration, a form of feedback based on recursion. There are several examples of fractals, which are defined as portraying exact self-similarity, quasi self-similarity, or statistical self-similarity. The term fractal was coined by Benot Mandelbrot in 1975 and was derived from the Latin fractus meaning

BASIC METHOD TO FORM A FRACTAL MATERIAL

Fractals are produced using an iteration process.

This is where we start with a number and then feed it into a formula. We get a result and feed this result back into the formula, getting another result. And so on and so on...
Fractals start with a complex number. Each complex number produced gives

a value for each pixel on the screen.

Shape Square Line segment

DIMENSION 2 1

JULIA SET
Let f(z) be a complex rational map from the plane into itself, that is, f(z) =

p(z) / q(z), where p(z) and q(z) are complex polynomials.

Then there are a finite number of open sets , that are left invariant by f(z) and are such that:
the union of the Fi's is dense in the plane and f(z) behaves in a regular and equal way on each of the

sets Fi.

These sets Fi are the Fatou domains of f(z), and their union is the Fatou set

F(f) of f(z). Each of the Fatou domains contains at least one critical point of f(z), that is, a (finite) point z satisfying f'(z) = 0, or z = If the degree of the numerator p(z) is at least two larger than the degree of the denominator q(z), or if f(z) = 1 / g(z) + c for some c and a rational function g(z) satisfying this condition.
The complement of F(f) is the Julia set J(f) of f(z). J(f) is a nowhere dense set

(it is without interior points) and an uncountable set (of the same cardinality as the real numbers). Like F(f), J(f) is left invariant by f(z), and on this set the iteration is repelling, meaning that | f(z) f(w) | > | z w | for all w in a

neighbourhood of z (within J(f)). This means that f(z) behaves chaotically on the Julia set Plotting the Julia set
1. Start with any point z we know to be in the Julia set, such as a repelling

periodic point, and compute all pre-images of z under some high iterate f^n of f. 2. Note that certain parts of the Julia set are quite difficult to access with the reverse Julia algorithm
3. A very popular complex dynamical system is given by the family of quadratic

polynomials, a special case of rational maps. The quadratic polynomials can be expressed as
4. where c is a complex parameter.

5. Filled Julia set for fc, c=1 where is the golden ratio Mandelbrot set
The Mandelbrot set is a particular mathematical set of points, whose

boundary

generates

distinctive

and

easily-recognisable

two/three-

dimensional fractal shape

More technically, the Mandelbrot set is the set of values of c in the complex

plane for which the orbit of 0 under iteration of the complex quadratic polynomial zn+1 = zn2 + c remains bounded
The Mandelbrot set is a compact set, contained in the closed disk of radius 2

around the origin. In fact, a point c belongs to the Mandelbrot set if and only if
This main cardioids is the region of parameters c for which Pc has an

attracting fixed point.

It consists of all parameters of the form

 There are infinitely many other bulbs tangent to the main cardioids: for every

rational number , with p and q co prime

APPLICATION OF FRACTALS HOW TO CREATE YOUR OWN FRACTAL ART Fractal art is created through various rigorous programming techniques using modern and newly developed language such as java,c++ etc.Fractal art is created through software called number
FRACTAL MUSIC

ultra fractal 5.0 generator.This package

helps to develop n-number of designs by just stating the value of the complex

Fractal music is a result of a recursive process where an algorithm is applied multiple times to programming. Seismology It is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the earth or through other planet-like bodies log N = a bM, process its previous output .Fractal Music is a musical by means of computer piece composed using fractal mathematics

The multifractal dimension of the spatial

distribution D q of seismic activity

are analyzed using earthquake catalog data for regions affected by two recent large earthquakes in JapanAn anomalous decrease in D q and an increase in b value appear as a common seismic rupture response during the period of decreasing seismic energy release in the lead up to these large, shallow earthquakes

DIGITAL SUNDIAL The theorem was proved in 1987 by Kenneth Falconer. Four years later it was described in Scientific American by Ian Stewart. The first prototype of the device was constructed in 1994. In 1998 for the first time a fractal sundial was installed in a public place (Greek, Belgium).It follows that, theoretically, it is possible to build a set of masks that produce shadows in the form of digits such that the display changes as the sun moves. This is the fractal sundial.

Fractal Antenna

Fractal antenna consists a large surface area due to which more base coverage for transmission of signals over long distances

MATERIALS TO MAKE FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR HDTV Project enclosure, 8 inches by 6 inches by 3 inches ,Copper wire, insulation removed, 18 gauge, 4 feet long ,Coaxial cable with connectors, RG-6, 6 feet long ,Matching transformer, 300-ohm to 75-ohm rating ,6 machine screws, 1/8-inch diameter, 1/2 inch long, 6 machine screw nuts and washers, 1/8 inch ,Screwdriver ,Power drill and 1/8-inch bit ,Ruler ,pliers, wire cutter etc.

MARPAT

MARPAT has patterns produced by highly complex fractal equations that result in a nonrepeating pattern. The purpose of the digitized pattern is to match the visual texture of typical

backgrounds. Less attention catchy, but when used in an operative environment, its textured appearance and lack of hard edges make it more effective than traditional patterns Fractal Image compression Fractal image compression deals with the change in dimension of the image so that it would be able to fit in any given position or place. To do this nowadays softwares are used
1. Consider a image, select dimension ,change it to 3/4th of it

2. Now import the image in FIC software 3. Click convert to compress the image

FRACTURE MECHANICS

Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture