Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, Ill send her an invitation. more on Conditional Sentences Type I

Conditional Sentence Type 2

It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. more on Conditional Sentences Type II

Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. more on Conditional Sentences Type III

Exceptions
Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.

Simple Present (Present Simple) Introduction

Simple present is also called present simple.

The simple present expresses an action in the present taking place once, never or several times. It is also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple present also expresses facts in the present.

Simple Present - Form Level: elementary

be
Use:

am with the personal pronoun II is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or with the singular form of nouns) are with the personal pronouns we, you or they (or with the plural form of nouns)

example: I am hungry.
affirmative I he/she/it I am. He is. negative I am not. He is not. You are not. question Am I? Is he? Are you?

you/we/th You are. ey

Exercise on simple present with 'be'

have

Use:

have with the personal pronouns I, you, we und they (or with the plural form of nouns) has with the personal pronouns he, she, it (or with the singular form of nouns)

example: I have a dog. / I have got a dog. 'have got' is mainly used in British English. You can also use 'have' on its own (especially in American English). In this case, however, you must form negative sentences and questions with the auxiliary verb 'do' (see 'All other verbs').
positiv I/you/we/they he/she/it I have got. / I have. He has got. / He has. negativ question

I have not got. / I do not Have I got? / Do I have. have? He has not got. / He does not have. Has he got? / Does he have?

Exercise on simple present with 'have got' Exercise on simple present with 'have' + 'do'

All other verbs

Use:

the infinite verb (play) with the personal pronouns I, you, we and they (or with the plural form of nouns) the verb + s (plays) with the personal pronouns he, she, it (or with the singular form of nouns) affirmative negative I do not play. question Do I play?

I/you/we/th I play. ey he/she/it He plays.

He does not play. Does he play?

Tips on how to form negative sentences and questions

Negative sentences and questions are formed with the auxiliary verb 'do'.

affirmative negative questions I I play.

you You help.

he

He does not answer.

she

Does she

sing? it It rains. You do not read.

we

Do we dream? you Do they work?

they

Simple Present
Exercise on Affirmative Sentences
Arrange the words to make sentences in simple present.
1. I / to collect stamps

2. we / to play card games 3. he / to read comics

4. Chris / to sing in a band 5. we / to have a hamster

6. Andy and John / to like cola 7. she / to be nice

8. they / to help their parents -

9. the children / to speak English -

10. I / to buy a newspaper every Saturday -

Simple Present
Exercise on Negative Sentences
Make negative sentences.
1. I watch TV.

2. We play football. 3. It is boring.

4. She cleans her room. -

5. You ride your bike every weekend. 6. Sandy takes nice photos. 7. They open the windows. 8. He buys a new CD. 9. I am late.

10. She has a cat. -

Simple Present
Exercise on Questions I
Arrange the words below to make questions.
1. she / to collect / stickers 2. they / to play / a game

3. the cat / to sleep / in the cat's bed 4. she / often / to dream 5. he / to play / streetball 6. you / to be / from Paris

7. the pupils / to wear / school uniforms 8. you / to go / to the cinema 9. she / to have / friends 10. he / to read / books