[CAU HOI THUC TE] DE SO 01 Céu 1: HSG TPHCM 2020 Vi sao sau nhiing con gidng, khdng khi tro nén trong Linh, mat mé hon? Cau 2: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa Hi Nam 2020 M6t hoe sinh yéu thich mon Héa hoe, trong chuyén du lich Tam Cée ~ Bich Dong (Ninh Binh) ¢6 mang vé mot lg nude (nuée nho tir nhii da trén tran dong xudng). Hoe sinh do da chia lg nuée lam ba phan va lam ede thi nghigm sau: ~ Phan 1: dun s6i ~ Phan 2: cho tac dung véi dung dich HCI ~ Phan 3: cho tac dung voi dung dich KOH Hay néu hign tugng va viét phuong trinh héa hge cé thé xay ra Cu 3: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Binh Dinh 2020 Xang sinh hoc la xang duge pha mét lugng etanol theo ti 1é da nghién citu. Theo em xing sinh hoc E8S 6 nghia Li gi va xang sinh hoc duge diéu ché tir nhung nguyén ligu nao? Viét ede phuong trinh phan img minh hoa. Cau ‘hi vao 10 chuyén héa Binh Thuan 2020 Trong dai dich Covid-19, nude rita tay kh6 chita chat X e6 ndng do 60% dén 85% 1a mot trong nhiing san phim duge ding dé tiéu digt virus Sars-Cod-2. Chat X duge diéu ché trong céng nghiép bang phan {mg hidrat h6a etilen va bang phan img sinh hda tir tinh bot. Xac dinh chat X va viét cite phuong trinh héa hoe diéu ché X dé minh hoa. Céu 5: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Can Tho 2020 Nhimg ki higu nhu 20-20-15, 16-16-18 ... trén bao bi cia phan bon NPK cho biét 46 dinh dutmg (hay ham long phan tram twong img cla N, P2Os, K20) trong mau phan bon. Tinh khdi lugng cia N, P va K cé trong 50 kg phan bon NPK 20-20-15. Céu 6: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa Da Ning 2020 1, Néu thanh phan chinh cua phan ure, phan lan ty nhién, phan supephotphat va phan kali; trong bén ogi phan bén trén, logi phin bon nao chi thich hgp véi vung dat chua? Giai thich. 2. Ding phuong phap hoa hoc hay phan bigt rugu etylic nguyén chat va cén 96” Céu 7: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Daknong 2020 Hai tinh Dak Nong, Lam Déng cé nhieu quang boxit (Als, Fe203-Si0>). Tir boxit tién hanh qua nhigu céng dogn trong nha may dé didu ché kim logi Al va duge tom tat theo so dé sau Boxit —“MOlHo"_, Chit rin X + Dung dich Y Suc CO? dir vao dung dich Y —>Két tia R R“3Q—* al Xie dinh cdc chat X, Y R, Q va viét day di: cac phan img héa hoc. Cau 8: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Dong Nai 2020 Boxit 18 mét quing phé bién & ving Tay Nguyén, Qua trinh sn xudt nhém tir quing boxit nay throng théng qua hai giai doan: tinh ché quing va dign phan néng chay nhém oxit. a. Al2Os dugc tich ra tir quang boxit thudng Lin cac tap chat FexO3, SiO2. Trinh bay cach tinh ché Al:O3 va viét phwong trinh héa hoc minh hoa. b. Al:O3 c6 nhiét 46 néng chay cao vi vay trong qua trinh dign phn ngudi ta thém Criolit (NaAIFo) véi tac dung co ban la ha thép nhiét d6 néng chay va tiét kiém ning lwong, Criolit thién nhién kha hiém nén duge diéu ché bang céch hoa tan Al(OH); va NaxCOs trong dung dich HF. Viét phuong trinh héa hoc diéu ché Criolit. ring ngoai Criolit phan img trén con sinh ra khi CO: . Cueaenoring rgb Ag Harepaiowe Sane yes begin op apy vb rt Sy lng ey [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI |[CAU HOI THUC TE] Qua trinh dign phan AlO3 duge thye hign trong binh dign phan (hinh duéi day) véi hai dign cue kim bang than chi 6 nhigt dO khoang 960°C, dign ap khoang SV va cong dd dong dign 1,5.10°A. Sau qua trinh dign phan thu duge kim logi 6 cue 4m va khi thoat ra 6 eye duong. c. Viét phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan ting dign phan Al:O3 néng chay. Tai sao trong qua trinh dign phn ngudi ta phai thuéng xuyén ha thap dién cue duong? Viét phwong trinh hoa hoc minh hoa (biét cure dong 1 nhiig thoi than chi noi vai nhau, duge cm vao thing dign phan) str dign phan m kg Al2Os thu duge 22,4 m3 (dkte) hén hgp khi X e6 ti khéi so véi hidro bing 16. 11,2 lit khi X (dkte) dan qua dung dich nurée v6i trong dur thu dirge 10 gam két tia. Tinh gid tri m. Biét higu suat cua qua trinh dién phan dat 80%. Cau 9: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa Dong Thap 2020 - Khi dun s6i nude giéng (nude cimg) & mét s6 ving, lau ngay c6 lép cin duéi day dyng cy dun. Giai thich va néu phuong php lim sach = Dé do d6 6 nhiém khong khi tir cdc khu cng nghiép thai ra mi trudng, tién hanh ly mau khi thai dem phan tich, c6 chira cdc khi d6c sau: CO2, SOx, H2S. Néu cach dé loai bo cae khi trén va viet phuong trinh héa hoc xay ra (néu 6). Cau 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa HA NOi 2020 Trén bé mat cac hé nude tdi vai lau ngay thrdng cé mang chat rin. Hay gidi thich hién trong nay va viét phurong trinh héa hoc minh hoa. HUONG DAN Céu 1: HSG TPHCM 2020 Khi mua gidng, tia sét s® lam phan img: 302 + 203 Khi Os (ozon) c6 tac dung tay tring, diét khuan nén voi lugng nho trong khéng khi c6 tic dung lam trong khong khi trong sach, tuoi mat. Cau 2: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa HA Nam 2020 Nude nha da chita mudi: Ca(HCOs)2. Phan 1: dun séi nude nhii dé ta thay cé bot khi khong mau, khong mai (CO2) thoat ra, xuat hign két tia tring. Ca(HCOs)2 "> CaCOs + COr+ H20 Phin 2: cho tie dung voi HC! ta thay thoat ra khi khong mau, khong mii (CO2), Ca(HCOs)2 + 2HCI > CaCl: + CO> + 2FL0 Phan 3: cho tac dung voi KOH ta thay xuat hién két tua tring. Ca(HCOs)2 + 2KOH + CaCOs + K2CO3 + 2F20 Ca(HCOs)2 + KOH + CaCO; + KOH + 120 Cau 3: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Binh Dinh 2020 . , Xzng sinh hoc E85 1a chita 85% thé tich 1a etanol khan va 15% li dau, duge diéu ché tir etanol va nguon dau mo. (CoHlioO3)n + nH20 EKO nC KHi20——CoHin06 85 2CHSOH + 2602 fu 4: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Binh Thugn 2020 Chat X la: C2HsOH (ancol etylic) CH=CH + Hoo 22", CHCHLOH (pir hidrat héa la pit hop mxée) (CoHLi0Os)y + HzO EKO nctty06—— CaHlix0¢ PE" 262H50H + 2CO2 [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Hi[CAU HOI THUC TE] Cu 5: Thi yao 10 chuyén héa Can Tho 2020 N: 20% 10kg S0kg P.O, : 20% > 10kg > mp = 10231 K,0: 15% + 7,5kg > mK = 94 Cau 6: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Da Ning 2020 1. Thanh phan chinh cua: ~ Phan ure: (NH2)2CO ; ~ Phan Lin tw nhién; chita géc photphat (apatit, photphorit) ~ Phan supephotphat: chita Ca(H2PO.)2_ - Phan kali: chira be K* Phan lan thich hop véi bén dat chua 2. Cong thie Teflon: Teflon cé kha ning chéng bam dinh t6t nén duge ding dé trang lén chio, xong, ndi. Cau 7: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Daknong 2020 Ran X: (Fe203.SiO2) ; ddY (NaAIO2, NaOH.) ; R ld AI(OH)s ; Q 1a ALOs Al:O3 + 2NaQH — 2NaAIO2 + Ha NaAlO> + CO: + H20 — NaHCO; + AI(OH)s} 2AI(OH): ——> AsO: + 3H20 AlzO3 —He-CHelit_, 9.1 41,5027 C4u 8: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Ding Nai 2020 ‘ALO; INaAlO, co) aw toes. dd 7 2S + + Al(OH), "2-5 ALO. a (reo, son, (cco (OW), 20 SiO, Rain : Fe,0;:Si0, Al2Os + 2NaOH —> 2NaAlO> + H20 NaAlO2+ CO: + 2H20 — NaHCOs + AI(OH)s 2A(OH),; —“—> ALO; + 3120 b. 2A(OH)s + 3NaxCOs + 12HF — 2NasAIFs + 3CO2 + 9H:0 c. Al,O; 5 2al + 1,502 Khi O> sinh ra sé in mon duong cye (bang cacbon) tao khi CO, CO2, do vay ngudi ta cin throng xuyén ha thap durong eye. C +O: —"-> CO» C+#CO: "> 2co CO:a fat b+e c0:600 3.naiyoy =Peo +2Meo, +2Mo, d. {CO b>} b=0,1 > }b=0,1 > {CO, :200 #25 1400 > Nao, Oy:¢ — [28a+3%+32e=320,5 [e=0.1 jz Pm=47.6kg 0 Vay gid trio Céu 9: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Dong Thap 2020 - Nuc duéi giéng la nuéc ctmg tam thdi chira ion Mg”", Ca?’, HCO" nén khi dun, mudi hidrocacbonat dé bi nhiét phan hiry tao két tia, Lau ngiy thanh lép edn dudi day dung du dun. = bho oh Ca(HCO2)2 > CaCOs + CO2 + 20 Mg(HCOs)2 —» MgCOs + CO2 + H: [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Hi[CAU HOI THUC TE] Dé lam sach lép cin dudi day dung cu dun nude, ta co thé sir dung gidm an va khan mém dé vi giam an lam cho Iép két tua lau ngay tan ra va bj rita tri. 2CHsCOOH + MgCOs — (CHsCOO):Mg + CO2 + H20 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 + (CHsCOO)2Ca + CO2 + H20 - Dé loai bo cdc khi dée trén, ta dn khi de qua bé nude voi trong Ca(OH)2, cde Khi d6 bi gitt lai CO» + Ca(OH): > CaCO; + 20 SO2 + Ca(OH)2 > CaSO3 + HO H2S + Ca(OH): — CaS + 2420 Céu 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa HA NGi20200 Trén hé nude toi voi Lau ngay thuréng cé mang chat rin vi nude voi trong pir cham véi khi CO: trong Khdng khi tao thanh CaCOs (chit rin): Ca(OH); + CO2 > CaCO3 + H20 DE SO 02 Cfiu 1: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa KonTum 2020 Giai thich cac trudng hop xay ra trong thye tién sau: - Khi thai tiét tré anh, khi dot than suéi am trong phong kin dé xay ra nhitng ca ng6 déc va tir vong - Dé dap tit dim chay xang dau, ngudi ta phii cat vio ngon lira ma khéng ding nude dé dap tit = Dé kich thich qua mau chin, trong cac sot trai cy ludn sap x¢p mOt sO qua chin vao giita sot qua xanh - Khi nho chanh vao sta dau nnh hoiic sita bo thay sita bj von cuc Cfiu 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Khanh Hoa 2020 Cén rira tay kho (dung dich rita tay sat khuan) duge ding dé phing, chéng dich Covid-19 c6 thé ty pha ché tir con 90°, nude oxy gid 3%, glixerol 98% va nude cat ho§c nude sdi dé ngudi. Theo t6 chire y té thé gidi (WHO) cén rita tay khé c6 cong thire voi néng dé (theo thé tich) nhu sau: etanol 80% ; nuéc oxy gid 0,125% ; glixerol 1,45%. a. Hay néu vai trd cia etanol, nude oxy gia va glixerol trong dung dich nuéc rua tay sit khudn. b. Tinh thé tich mdi dung dich: cén 90% ; nude oxy gid 3% ; glixerol 98% va thé tich nude can ding dé pha ché 200 ml dung dij fa tay sat khuai c. Hay giai thich vi sao khi tién hanh pha ché dung dich rita tay sat khudn can tranh xa khu vye lira, nguén dign, Sau khi pha ché hoge str dung dung dich rita tay sat khudn phai day kin chai lo dyng dung dich. C4u 3: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Lang Son 2020 Trong cng nghiép, Al duge sin xuat bang phuong phép dign phn Al2Os néng chay véi sy c6 mat cla criolit theo so dé duéi day: [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Hi[CAU HOI THUC TE] (Cie avong bing than ei Clot va inden ot ning chy | | nom ng chy i (ge 8m bang than chi ‘nhom néng chay Hin So sing dnp a. Trong qua trinh san xuat Al, ce dong bj an mén nén sau mét thoi gian dign phan phai ha thap dan cue duong xuéng. Hay gidi thich hign tugng in mon va viét phuong trinh héa hoc ca phan img xay ra (néu c6), b, Dign phan néng chay m kg AloOs (higu suat dign phan 100%) thu duge akg Al 6 catot va 33,6 m* h6n hgp khi X (dkte) c6 ti khoi so voi H> bang 16. Lay 8,4 lit hon hgp khi X (dkte) sye vao nude voi trong (du) thu duge két tia va thay khéi Igng dung dich sau phan img gidm di 3,36 gam so véi ban dau. Biét cdc phan img xay ra hoan toan. Tinh gid tri cla a va m. ©. Hay giai thich vi sao khéng nén ding x6, chu, ndi nhém dé dung véi, nudc vi téi hodc vita xay dyng. Viét phuong trinh héa hgc ciia phan img xay ra (néu c6). Cau 4: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Lim Déng 2020 1. Viét phuong trinh héa hoe phan img quang hop va néu ¥ nghia quan trong cua phan tmg quang hop. 2. Trong céng nghiép nguéri ta thudng sin xuat CuSOx bang phuong phap nao? Tai sao? Cau 5: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Nghé An 2020 Dé nghién citu tinh chat cia axit X (SGK héa hoc 9 ~ trang 16, 17) ngudi ta tién hdnh thi nghiém sau: cho mot it tinh thé hep chat Y vio day edc thy tinh, sau d6 nho tir tir | dn 2 ml dugn dich axit X dim dic vao cdc. Quan sit hign tuong thay: mau tring ciia Y chuyén sang mau ving, sau 46 chuyén sang mau néu va cudi cing thanh khéi mau den xép, bi bot khi day lén khoi migng coc. a. Xe dinh cae chat X va Y, viét cée phuong trinh héa hoe gidi thich hign twang trén. b. Thi nghiém trén chimg minh tinh chat gi ca X? Néu thay axit X dam dic bing axit X loang thi cd hign twong nhw trén hay khdng? Cau 6: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Pha Yén 2020 Covid-19 1a bénh duéng hé hap cap tinh truyén nhiém gay ra béi chung virus Sars-Cov-2. Cin bénh. nay 6 su lay lan nhanh chong trén toan cau. ngay 11/03/2020 t6 chire Y té thé gidi (WHO) tuyén bd dich viém phoi do virus corona (chung méi) la dai dich toan cau. Mot trong nhimg bign phap phong ngira nguy co lay nhiém 1a throng xuyén rita tay bing dugn dich rita tay kh6. T6 thie ¥ té thé gigi da c6 huréng dan ngwii din 6 thé ty pha ché dung dich rita tay khd, véi hrgng dung la 500 ml c6 cong thire pha ché nhur sau: Cén (CoHsOH) 96°: 415 ml ; oxy gia (H2O>) 3%: 20 ml ; glyxerol (CsHsOs): 7,5 ml ; tinh dau: 2,5 ml ; nuse cat hofe nude dun s6i dé ngugi: 55 ml. a. Tinh 46 cén ciia dung dich sau khi pha tron cde nguyén ligu trén véi nhau b. Véi néng 46 cén vita tinh duge (6 cau 2a) thi tac dung sat khuan cia dung dich rita tay khé vita pha luge la cao hay thap? Giai thich. Cfiu 7: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Quang Nam 2020 Trén co sé nghién ctr mot sé mau vat 15 céng trinh di tich dic trumg, sau hon 3 nm thir nghiém, nhém nghién ciru do kién trie su Phiing Phu, giam déc trung tam bao ton di tich 6 dé Hué, da tim ra duge cach thite va nguyén ligu dé ché tao chat két dinh ding trong tring tu cdc khéi céng trinh ctia di tich c6 46 Hué [1], 46 1a phdi tron hén hop gdm hop chat Z véi cét va cdc chat phu gia nhu mat mia, gidy, keo ciia cy bdi loi, keo da tru, .. [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Hi[CAU HOI THUC TE] dit Z 06 thé duge san xuat bing cdch nung v6 86, xac san hé, ... (véi thanh phan héa hoe chinh la cae chat v6 co X) (giai doan 1) roi thém nude vao san pham sau khi nung (Y) (giai dogn 2). Qua trinh bien d6i héa hoe chinh dién ra theo so dé sau: X + Y + Z. Khi hdn hgp chat két dinh tiép xuc véi khng khi thi Z phan img véi khi T (giai doan 3) tao thinh nhiing tinh thé chét ran 6 tic dung ¢6 két cdc loai vat ligu voi nhau, a. Viet phuong trinh phan img hoa hge xay ra tuong tng v6i 3 giai doan néu trén. b. Vige sin xuat thi cong chat Z tir vo sd, xae san hé da dign ra tir lau trong dan gian, Hay cho biét giai doan nao cua qué trinh san xudt d6 gay 6 nbiém méi trong nhat? Vi sao? Dé xuat giai phap xtt ly nid ong do qua trinh san xuat chat Z 6 trén gay ra. ¢. Chat ¥ cin duge bao quin trong bi nilon kin, eich ly véi khong khi. Vi sao? d, Céc logi t6m, ca thuéng can méi trung ¢6 pH (cau 1.2) dn dinh dé phat trién, theo dd, dé xir ly ede ao dang nudi ca, tém, nguéi ta thuéng chat X, Y hay Z? Vi sao? C4u 8: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Quang Ngai 2020 Em hay cho biét: - Chat nao ding dé khic chit trén vat ligu thiy tinh? Viét phuong trinh phan img minh hoa. - Sir ao thanh thach nh trong hang dng dwa trén cor so héa hoc nado = Vi sao khi CO> la khi thudng ding dé dp tat dam chay? Cé trudng hgp nao khéng thé ding khi COz dé dip tit dam chay khéng? Néu cé, hay giai thich. Cau 9: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Tuyén Quang 2020 Axit fomic li mot chat long, mui xde mgnh va gay bong da, axit nay durge chung edt lan dau tir loai kién lita c6 tén li Formicarufa. Khi bi cin, né s8 tiém dung dich chia 50% thé tich axit fomic vio da Trung binh méi 13 ign e6 thé tiém khong 6.10° ml dung dich axit fomic " fomic trong cde con kién la bing nhau, Hay tinh: - Thé tich axit fomic tinh Khiét c6 trong mét con kién = Can bao nhiéu con kién dé chung duge 1,125 (lit) axit fomic tinh khiét? b, Dé lim giam lugng axit fomie trong vét edn, bie si thudng diing thude ¢6 chita thinh phan li nate hidrocacbonat. Hay viet phuong trinh héa hgc cia phan tng va tinh khoi lurgng natri hidrocacbonat cin ding dé trung héa hoan toan lugng axit fomie tir vét cn (khdi lugng riéng cua axit fomic 14 1,22 g/ml). Cau 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Tra Vinh 2020 Dé bao vé vo tau bién ngudi ta thong gin nhing tim kém vao phan tiép xe voi nude cia vo tau - Hay gidi thich y nghia cia vige lam 46 C6 thé sir dung phuong phap son dé bao phi 1én bé mat vo tau bién duge khong? Gidi thich - Theo em dé vé tau bién duge bao vé liu dai ta phai Lim gi? HUONG DAN C4u 1: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa KonTum 2020 - Khi trdi lanh, dt than suéi dm trong phong kin sé sinh ra khi CO (Cacbon monoxit), mot khi doe Lim gidm lugng oxi trong mau va c6 thé dan dén tir vong. = Dé dap tat dam chay xang dau, ngudi ta khong ding nuée, vi xing dau nhe nude sé theo tinh linh dong cua nude va dam chay lan ra rdng hon, Ngudi ta phii cat vao ngon lita dé céch Ly ngudn chay véi oxi khong khi [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] - HA NOL | |[CAU HOI THUC TE] - Dé kich thich qua mau chinh, ngudi ta dat qua chinh canh qua xanh vi qua chin sinh ra khi etilen gidp kich thich qua xanh mau chinh hon. pa! - Trong chanh ¢6 chita axit hitu co, khi nho vao sira du nanh hode sita bo sé co hign tugng dong ty protein, I rr GEM Cfiu 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Khiinh Hoa 2020 a, Vai tro clia cde chat trong nude ria tay sat khuan: ~ Etanol: tir 70% tre én c6 tae diing sat khuan, bay hoi kh nhanh. - Nude oxy gia: lam sach va sét khuan, - Glixerol: duéng am va bao vé cho da khéng bj kh6, ngtra. Cén : 80% — 160ml — 177,78 ml cén 90° a: 0,125% —> 0,25ml — 8,33 ml a 3% be. 200 ml rita tay |OXY £12! 041259% —> 0,25ml —> 8,33 ml ony gi Glixerol : 1,45% —> 2,9ml — 2,96 ml Glixerol 98% H,0 :10,93 ml ¢. Khi pha ché dung dich rita tay sat khuai dung dich rita tay dé z dé bay hoi kim gidm higu qua sat khuan. Cau 3: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Lang Son 2020 a. AlOy °° 2Al + 1,502. Al thu duge & Catot (-) va O2 thu duge 6 Anot (+). Vi duong cue bing than chi nén O2 sinh ra 6 Anot pit voi C nén duong cue bi an mon ean trénh xa khu vue lita, nguén dign vi thanh phan trong . Sau khi sir dung xong can déng chai lo vi etanol, oxy gid +0." 4002 2C +0: 42c0 |Anot : AIS) lpn 0, Be As ott XICO Zealot a {i stim a) ?13,44Kg, mmtha) sino leo, dd Op :a atb+c=1,5 2.09, =2Neo, +Mco +2o, CO:b > 432a+28b+44 tte, 'a=41,04kg 30, > Als CO, :¢ — [100¢ -44e = 13,44 “— t m=77,52kg Gia tri a = 41,04 kg vi m= 77,52 kg. . . €. X6, chu bang nhom c6 thé phan ting v6i kiém nén khong dé dung nude voi, voi ti 2Al + Ca(OH): + 2H20 > Ca(AlO2)2+3H2—AlO3 + Ca(OH)2 + Ca(A102)2 + H20 [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI [7 |[CAU HOI THUC TE] Cau 4: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa Lam Ding 2020 1, 6nCO2 + SnH20 —S—(CsH100s)a + 6n0: Phan ting quang hgp gidp giam hrgng khi thai COs (tée nhin gy higu img nha kinh), tgo ra lugng khi Op déi dao cho hoat dgng hé hap cia cae sinh vat sing. 2. Trong céng nghiép, nguai ta thurmg san xuat CuSO, bing cich ngim kim loai Cu trong dung dich H2SOx loang rdi suc khi Os. Phuong phap nay tiét kigm axit hon phwong phap cho kim logi Cu va dung dich axit H2SOg dic, nong (ti 1 mol Cu : H2SOy4 6 PP; 1a 1: 1 va PP2 1a | : 2). Cu 5: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Nghé An 2020 a. X li: axit H2SO4 dm dae (héo nude), Y 1a tinh thé dutmg saccarozo Ci3H2011 CigH220)1 + 24H2SO4 aim age > 12CO2 + 24802 + 35120 C12H220)1 + HxSO4 aim age > 12C (ten) + H2SO4.11H20. Cé thé coi dung e6 CTCT la: nC.mH20. Axit H2S04 dim die rit héo nude nén hit hét nude trong dung, lam duéng hoa den (C), The tich khi va hoi tng nhanh chong day khéi mau den x6p 1én khdi miéng céc. b. Thi nghiém trén chimg t6 tinh héo nude cita axit H2SOs dim dic. Néu thay bang axit H2S04 loing thi khdng c6 hign tugng nhur trén. ¢. Cac luu ¥ khi sir dung axit H2SO, dam dae . - Luén deo gang tay day, deo kinh, khau trang (hoi H2SO4 lam tén thuong phdi néu hit phai, khoi H2SOx dic cé thé gay mi loa) - Luén ding n6 v6i pipet thiiy tinh day véi mit cao su - Khéng diing nude dé thing vao dung dich H2SOx dar Cau 6: Thi yao 10 chuyén hoa Pha Yén 2020 415:96% 190% = 79,68° x 500 2 b, Nang d9 cén cho phép ciia nude rita tay khd La 60° — 95° nén ndng do cén 79,68” la khd cao, Au 7: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Quang Nam 2020 a, CaCOs (X) > Ca (¥) + COr CaO + H20 > Ca(OH)» (Z) Ca(OH): + CO» + CaCOs + H20 b. Giai doan (1) nung vo sO, xe san h6 6 nhiét d6 cao thai ra mot long khi lon CO2 gy 6 nhiém moi trudng. Giai phi - Thu din khi CO2 qua nude, dung dich sita voi, dung dich NH3 dé hap thy va han ché khi CO> thodt ra Khoi moi trudng. - Trong cdg nghigp ¢6 thé sit dung 1d nung hign dai dé co thé, thu héi khi CO2, Qua dé tai sir dung khi CO» 6 dang long, ran, phye vy cho cae img dung trong cudc song, . CaO can duge bao quan trong tii nilon kin vi CaO cé tinh hit 4m cao, néu tiép xc vi khong khi sé bj von cuc d. O cae dim ao, ngudi ta sir dung véi bot (CaO) dé dn dink mdi trudng pH tao thugn lgi cho céc loai thuy sinh vat phat trién, Céu 8: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Quang Ngai 2020 ~ Chat khae chit lén thiy tinh Ii HF; SiO> + 4HF — SiF, + 2H20 - Sy tao thanh thach nbd trong hang dng dya trén PTHH: Ca(HCOs)> + CaCOs + CO2 + H20 Nurée tir tran hang chita nhiéu mudi Ca(HCOs)2, theo cae ké he & vom hang chay xudng, sir chénh léch nhigt 9 Lim mudi Ca(HCOs)2 phan hiy thanh CaCOs. Qué trinh nay dién ra rat cham, hang trigu nam méi tao ra duge thach nhii trong hang déng. . - Khi CO) trong binh chita chay bao phu be mit chy, cach ly nguén chay véi khi oxi trong khéng khi Tuy nhién, nhiig dam chay magie (Mg) thi khéng sir dung khi CO2 dugc vi nhiét d6 cao, pit sau xdy dic, axit ban ra gay bong cho ngudi thao tac. a, Dung dich sau pha tr6) ra rit manh, tao ra khi de (CO): Mg + CO2 —"-> MgO + CO Cau 9: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Tuyén Quang 2020 a. Thé tich axit fomic tinh khiét trong 1 con ki ee =3,75.10% ml ay 1125 fn ad ‘ ie ateuni in ——_—— = 300,000 con kién 48 chung ct dirge 1,125 lit axit fomic 3,75.10 [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI | s |[CAU HOI THUC TE] b. — NaHCOs + HCOOH — HCOONa + CO2 + H2O Vromic = 3.103 —S=b228/1t y mesmic = 3,66.10°g — nomic = 8.10Smol —» mNaHCOs = 6,72.10%g Cau 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Tra Vinh 2020 - V6 tau bién bang thép, thanh phan la Fe va C. Khi tiép xe véi nude bién (chira NaCl dién li hoan toan) sé tao thinh pin dign héa, v6 tiu sé bi n mon nhanh chéng. Dé bao vé vo tiu, nguai ta gin cdc migng Zn trén v6 tau. Khi d6 sé hinh than pin dign hoa c6 2 eye (Fe-Zn), Zn la kim loai manh hon nén bi 4n mon trude, v6 tau duge bao vé. = Cé thé bio v@ vo tu bing cach son bao phi Ién v6 tau, khi dé thép ca v6 tau khong tiép xite véi nude bién nén han ché qua trinh an mon dign hoa xay ra. - Bé v6 tau bién durge bao v¢ lau dai ean phdi hop bign phap: son phi bé mat v6 tiu va kiém tra dinh ki eée thanh Zn trén vo tiu, DE SO 03 Cfu 1: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Bén Tre 2021 1, Dé lam giam kha nang xam nhap cua virus Corona, ede té ehite y té hudng din pha ché va sir dung dung dich ra tay sat khuan khé. Trong thanh phan ctia dung dich sat khuan théng cé chita glixerol a. Cho biét cng thite phan tir, c6ng thire cdu tao va vai trd cia glixerol trong dung dich trén b. Glixerol c6 thé diéu ché dau thye vat bang phan ig xa phong héa. Viét phuong trinh hoa hoe va néu phuong phap héa hoc nhan biet glixerol sinh ra (sau khi téch x phéng ra khoi hén hop san pham). 2. Khi dun néng léu ngiy mt nguén nude thién nhién thi thay xudt hign mét lép cn trong day im do trong ngudn nude cé hoa tan Ca(HCOs)2. a. Giai thich su hinh thinh 6p edn bing phan img héa hoe. . b. Dé xit ly lop cn bam vio am dun nude 6 thé ding dung dich nao sau day: mudi an, edn, nube, nude véi trong, giam an. Tai sao? c. Dé xuat phuong phap héa hoc dé lam gidm néng d6 Ca(HCOs)2 trong nguén nude thién nhién nay. Cfiu 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Binh Phuée 2021 Ban An lim thi nghigm: cho 2~3 hat kem yao ng nghigm va rot 2-3. ml dung dich HCI vao ong nghigm trén, thi thay c khi C thodt ra, sau dé dét khi C thi phat ra tiéng né. ~ Hay cho biét khi C la chat nao? ~ Giai thich tai sao c6 tigng nd phat ra ~ Muon thu duge khi inh kl tir dung cy diéu ché c6 sin, ta tién hanh thé nao? - Bom khi C vio qua bong bay, bude migng qua bong bay bing sgi chi dai. Khi khong git diy chi thi qua bong bay di chuyén thé nao? Giai thich Cau 3: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa DHSP Ha Noi 2021 Nude cig 1a nude chita nhiéu mudi tan cla canxi, magie. Nude cimg gay nhiéu tac hai khong mong mudn trong cudc séng va sin xuat. Nude cé tinh cig cang 1én néu ham Iwong canxi magie hoa tan cing cao. Lam mém nude cimng li qué tinh loai bét rong canxi, magie tan trong mréc. Cé ba loai nude cimg véi tén goi va thinh phan nhu sau : ~- Nude cing tam thai : clita canxi, magie duéi dang mudi hidrocacbonat - Nuée cing vinh cit : chita canxi, magie dudi dang mudi sunfat, clorua - Nude cing toan phan : chita canxi, magie duéi dang mudi hidrocacbonat va sunfat, clorua a. Khi dun néng nuéc cimg tam thoi, nuée cing vinh cit thi tinh cting cua chting bj thay déi nhu thé nao ? Giai thich bing phuong trinh phan img. [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI | |[CAU HOI THUC TE] b. Hay dé xuat mét héa chat thong dung cé thé lam mém duge nude ctmg toan phan. Viét cdc phuong trinh phan img giai thich. C4u 4: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa Dong Thap 2021 1. Nhic dén gimg, dan gian cé cau ca dao: Tay nang chén mui dia gimg Gimg cay, mu0i man xin ding quén nhaw Gitng 1a mt logi thye vat than et, vi cay, trong gitng chira nhiéu hgp chat héa hge e6 tic dung durge ly hiru ich cho site khoe cita con ngudi. Hay ké ten hai céng dung cua gung. 2. Bang kién thite héa hoc, em hay giai thich mot sé tugng thyc a. Nhom [a kim loai cé tinh dan dign dan nhiét t6t, nhe, bén...Nhiéu do ding sinh hoat, dung cy n: lam tir nhOm duge sir dung rng rai trong gia dinh. Theo em, ching ta c6 nén ding noi nhém dyng canh chua dé qua dém khéng? Vi sao? b. Trai cay Li mt trong nhiing loai thye phim bé sung nhidu vitamin c6 Igi cho site khoe cia con ngudi. Sau khi &n trai cdy nhur tio, cam, nho, ching ta c6 nén dénh rang ngay khong? Vi sao? €. Mét s6 loai rau, cit nhur rau mudng, toi, kiéu....thuéng duge bao quan bang cach ngim vao lo gidm, day kin. Em hay giai thich ¥ nghia cia cdch Lam trén. Cau 5: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Ha Nam 2021 Giai thich cae hign tong héa hoc va edch Lim sau: - Nguoi ta ding bot luu huynh dé xir 1y chat de thity ngn roi ra trong phong thi nghiém khi nhiét két thay ngan bj vo - Khi Sn qua téo xanh c6 vi chua, con khi ta Zin qua tao chin Iai co vi ngot - C6 m6t mau vai chit ligu bang soi bong. Néu nhd vio mau vai vai giot dung dich HCI dae thi sau mgt thai gian, tai ché tiép xc voi axit vai bj mun dan roi thing. Cau 6: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa Ha N@i 2021 1. Dé xac dinh xem thu vat c6 hé hap hay khéng, mét ban hoc sinh d3 lam thi nghigm nhu sau: cho cae hat nay mam vao binh duge néi véi 6ng dan khi nhu hinh vé duéi day. Dan khéng khi vao éng nghigm 1 dung dung dich KOH dur. Khi thoat ra khoi ng nghigm 1 duge dan qua éng nghiém 2 dyng nude véi trong du. Khi thoat ra khéi 6ng nghiém 2 duge dan tiep vao binh chita hat nay mam. Dé khi thoat ra khoi binh chita hat nay mim mot thoi gian rdi méi cim dau dng din Khi vao Ong nghigm 3 dung nuée voi trong dur. Két thie thi nghigm, 6 dng nghigm 2 khdng cé hign twong gi cdn & éng nghiém 3 thay xuat hign yan dye mau tri a. Giai thich vi sao phai din khOng khi qua Sng nghiém 1 va Ong nghigm 2 trrde khi dan vao binh chira hat nay mam. b, Giai thich vi sao phai dé khi thoat ra khoi binh chita hgt nay mam mot thoi gian r3i méi cim dau éng dan khi vao dng nghiém 3. c. Dua vao két qua thi nghiém trén, két ludn thu vat c6 ho chau ngam hat gidng trong phong ngu khdng? Vi sao? 2. Tai mt phong thi nghigm, dé kiém tra ham Iugng hidro sunfua e6 trong mau khi lay tir mt khu dan cur, ngudi ta cho miu khi dé di vao dung dich dng (II) sunfat du véi téc 6 2,5 lit/phiit trong 400 phat (gia thiét chi c6 phan ing: HoS + CuSO4 > Cu + H2SO,, phan (mg xay ra hoan toan). Loc ly két tia, lam khé thu duge 1,92 mg chat rin mau den. Biét tai thoi diém nghién ctru, theo tiéu chuan Viét Nam 4i vGi Khu dan cur, ham luong hidro sunfua trong khong khi khong duge vot qué 0,3 mg/m>, Xéc dink ham lugng hidro sunfua e6 trong mau khi trén va cho biét khong khi tai khu din cur d6 €6 bj 6 nhiém khong. Cfu 7: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Hung Yén 2021 khéng. Tir dé cho biét c6 nén [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI 0 |[CAU HOI THUC TE] ‘Van dung kién thire hoa hoc dé giai thich cdc van dé thye tién sau: = Dang giam n dé lam sach lép can trong 4m dun nude (tao thanh do sir dung nue ty nhién nhw giéng, a0, ho, song, sudi, . - Diing thudc mudi (natri hidrocacbonat) dé lam gidm con dau cho ngudi bi viém loét da day. hi vao 10 chuyén hoa KonTum 2021 thich cae van dé va hién tugng sau: - Trude khi cé sy xudt hign ciia xi ming, dng cha ta str dung céie nguyén Ligu ri mat (mat mia) trOn véi vita (la voi va eat) dé Lim nén cae ngdi nha c n tai hang thé ky. iu bang nhém dé dung nude voi trong. trong khéng khi, 6 dau doan mia thudng cé mi - Khong nén bén phan ure va vdi cling le véi cay trong b, Trong nhiing nam gan day, xing sinh hoc ES (vi du ES RON 92) da duge dua vao sit dung réng rai trén toan quéc. Em higu thé nao vé xing sinh hoc ES? Khi sit dung, xang sinh hoc ES mang lai nhitng Igi ich gi? C4u 9: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Khanh Hoa 2021 Nhién w toan edu, Cée nhién ligu héa thach nh than dé, ddu mé déng vai tro khdng thé thiéu trong cugc séng. Tuy nhién viée sir dung nhién ligu héa thach vin con mt sé han ché. Hign nay cdc nha khoa hoc dang tp trung nghién ciru nhién ligu tdi wu hon dé 1a khi hidro (mie dit viée diéu ché va bao quan hidro khé khan). a. Néu han ché cia vige sit dung nhién ligu hoa thach. b. Tai sao khi hidro 1a nhién ligu duoc tap trung nghién cir. ¢. Vit hai phuong trinh héa hoe digu che khi hidro trong cng nghiép. Cau 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Lam Dong 2021 Hién nay, vi lgi ich trude mit, mot sé trang bi chin nudi & Viét Nam tron Salbutamol (mét chit ding dé bao ché thude Jam gin phé quan, tri hen suyén) vao thite An gia stic dé vat nudi cé ti 1g nac cao han. Thiy nhign, néu con ngudi sir dung thye phim tir cic logi gia sic nay, Salbutamol tich ty Kau ngiy ¢6 thé tic dong nguy hiém tdi site khoe, dat big déi voi hug ng mc bgnh tigu dung, tim mach...Salbutamol 1a hgp chat hitu co chira C, H, O, N va cé ti khOi hoi so voi Khéng khi 1a 8,241, Dé oxi héa hoan toan 2,39 gam Salbutamol can V lit khi oxi, sau phan ig cho toan b@ san pham chay suc vao nude voi trong lay dur thdy e6 13 gam két tiia va khdi lugng ciia dung dich giam 5,39 gam; déng thoi c6 0,112 lit khi thoat ra (biét ce khi do & dkte). a. Tim céng thie phan tir cua Salbutamol. b. Tinh V. HUONG DAN Céu 1: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Bén Tre 2021 1. a. CTPT glixerol C;Hs(OH);; CTCT HOCH2CH(OH)CH20H. Vi trong nude rira tay khé cé con nén dé tranh khé va ngita da tay ngudi ta sir dung glixerol ting do am cho da tay. b. Dau thure vat: (C\;H3;COO); + NAOH — 3C)pH33COONa + CsHs(OH)s (glixerol) Glixerol sé tao phite xanh lam v6i Cu(OH)2/OH- 2. a. Lép cin o day Am hinh thanh do qué trinh dun made: Ca(HCOs)2 ——> CaCO; + CO + H20 b. Sir dung gidm an vi: 2CHyCOOH idm an) + CaCOxioyn voi) —* (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H20 e. Phuong php dé lam giam tinh cig cia nude tur nhién chira Ca(HCO: - Dun s6i nude trrdc khi sir dung ~ Ding phuong phap trao déi ior - Ding NazCO3 hod NasPOs dé lim mém nude emg viz NaxCOs + Ca(HCOx)> > CaCOs +2NaHCO: —_ 2NaxPO4 + 3Ca(HCOs)> > Cax(POs)2 + 6NaHCOs Cfiu 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Binh Phurée 2021 - KhiC la khi Ho - Dot nong Hz trong kh6ng khi khi ti I mol Hz : O2 = 1 : 1 ¢6 thé gay nd - Dé thu khi He tinh khiét ta co thé suc dng dn khi vao céc chita nude (phuong phap day nude) = Qua bong bay sé bay lén troi vi khi Hz nhe hon khOng khi Céu 3: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa DHSP Ha Noi 2021 a. Khi dun néng nude cimg tam thoi thi tinh cig cua nuée gidm vi Mg’ - Khéng ding cae thau, c rugu etylie tao két tha viz [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Hi[CAU HOI THUC TE] Mg(HCO;): —-> MgCO; + CO + H:0 Ca(HCO3)2 —> CaCOs + CO2 + HO Khi dun néng thi tinh cimg cia nude cig vinh ctru khong giam do ndng d6 Mg?*, Ca?! khong thay a6 b. Hoa chat dé xuat 1a: NazCOs hode NasPOs viz Mg” + CO; — MgCO3 Mg” + POs* — Mg(POa)2 Cat + CO3* + CaCO3 Ca®* + POP + Cas(PO4)2 Cu 4: Thi vao 10 chuyén ha Dong Thap 2021 1. Céng dung cua gimg: ~ Ngan nga ung thir ~ Hoi phyc sire khée trong trong hyp nguai bi cam lanh cé thé udng tra gig, tra ging mat ong dé co thé dm ap. = Chong viém, chéng say tau xe, chéng nén mira, 2. a. Canh chua c6 tinh axit nén dung trong ndi nhém dé qua dém sé c6 hign tuong théi nhiém nhom, Jam cho phan ndi tiép xitc voi canh chua bi trang hoa siti lop nhu bot gay hai cho sire khoe con ngudi. b, Khong nén nh ring ngay sau khi an trai cy gidu axit vi danh ring sé Lim axit ngdm su hon vao men rang lim hong men rang c. Bé bio quan mét sé rau cu ngudi ta throng ngim gidm sau dé day kin vi gidm Li a CHsCOOH ngin sy phat triéu cua vi khuan, gitip rau ci git duge tuoi lau. Ngoai ra, gi rau cui gitip rau cit gin, dai va cé mili thom dic trung. C4u 5: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Ha Nam 2021 ~ Luu huynh (diém sinh) dé dang pit véi thy ngan 6 diéu kign thuong tao thanh ran den HgS, dé dang thu don nén co thé sir dung dé thu gom thay ngan roi vai: Hg + S > HgS - Téo xanh ¢6 chita axit hifu co nén ¢6 vi chua, tio chin thi c6 tinh b6t chuyén thanh dug nén c6 vi ngot. - Sgi béng 14 xenlulozo bi thiy phan trong mdi truéng HCI dac bi mun dan roi bi thing. Céu 6: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Ha N@i 2021 1. a. Vi binh dung KOH hap thy khi CO2 va binh dung Ca(OH): dé kiém tra trong khi c6 con CO? khéng, hap thy het lugng khi CO2 con lai. b. Vi khi CO2 nang hon khong khi nén néu cm ngay vao binh s6 3 thi khi CO2 khéng theo éng din di vao binh s6 3 duge. luan: thuc vat cé hé hap do vay khong nén dé nhiéu chau ngam hat trong phong ngi, vi hat mam. ho hap lam giam lugng khi O2 trong phong. fac .02 (mmol) —> mH,$=0,68 (mg) __ [Him Iugng HS: 0,68 (mg/m*) > 0,3 (mg/m?) [2,5 Uphiity 25 v = 1000 (lit) = 1m? | Khéng khi tai khu din curbj 6 nhiém Cau 7: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Hung Yén 2021 - Lop cain la MgCOs, CaCO; do nude eting tam théi chia Ca?’, Mg”', HCOs khi dun nong. nén ta thay ché vai tiép xtc voi HCI 2. Ta cd Mg(HCO3): —"-» MgCOs + CO + HO, Ca(HCO3)2 —"» CaCO3 + CO2 + H20 Ta cé thé ding gidm n hoac nude chanh dé lam sach lop cin nay vi: 2CHsCOOH is ss) + CACO —> (CHsCOO),Ca + CO2 + HO 2CHsCOOH iin iny + MgCOx + (CH3COO)Mg + CO + H20_ - Da day do dir thita axit HCI gay viém loét, vay nén thuée mudi NaHCO; lam giam lugng HCI nay NaHCO; + HCI —+ NaCl + CO: + H20 Céu 8: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa KonTum 2021 a. - Ri mt trOn véi vita, sau mot thoi gian mat phan hoa thanh CO; két hop v6i vOi tgo thinh CaCOs Jam tudng efing tr bén trong ra, rat cha chin, - Vi nude véi sé an mon thau chau bing nhém vi: 2AL + Ca(OH)2 + 2H20 — Ca(AlO2)2 + 3H2 ALO3 + Ca(OH): > Ca(AIO2)2 + H2O = Bé doan mia lau ngay trong khong khi thi doan mia thong c6 mai rugu etylic vi trong mia co duong saccarozo C12H2:0n1, sau théi gian bj thity phan thinh CeHi20¢ va bj lén men thanh ancol etylic. C2H2201) > 2CoH1206 CoH 1206 > 2C2HsOH + 2CO2 - Vi co xay ra pit: (NH2)xCO + Ca(OH) + CaCOs + 2NHs gay hign tong mat dam va von eye phan. b, Xing sinh hoc ES chira 5% thé tich la CoHsOH, [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI | 2 |[CAU HOI THUC TE] Loi ich sis dung xang sinh hoe: - Bao v@ moi trong vi giam thai lugng khi CO2, CO vito khéng khi - Tan dung nguén nguyén ligu trong san xuat nong nghigp - Nang cao hg s6 an toan trong sir dung nguén nang long chay xing diu Céu 9: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Khiinh Hoa 2021 ché str dung vigc sir dung nhién ligu hoa thach: - Gay 6 nhiém méi trudng: khai thie than dé, khai thc diu mo, khai thie khi dt gay 6 nhiém nguén nue, dat va khéng khi = Khéng tai str dung duge — - Qua trinh khai théc kh6ng an toan va dé xay ra tai nan b. Hign nay dang tp trung nghién cu khi hidro vi - Khi hidro e6 nhigt lugng chay tao ra én nhat trong cde nhién Ligu ty nhién = San phim cia qua trinh dét chay 14 H2O nén than thién véi méi truéng. = Nguon cung cap dai dao vé tan cc. HoO —8 > He + 4 O2 2NaCl + 2H20 —52NaOH + Clo + He Céiu 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Lam Dong 2021 Mo thutamot = 29-8:241 = 239 Moy, =12.g9, +2.My,9 +16.1g + 28.05, CO, 0,12 EEE 5) ng = 0,03 + C:H:0:N =0,13:0,21:0,03 0,01 M44 gin = 752(1) va CTPT Salbutamol: C,,H,,0,N DE SO 04 Cau 1: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Nghé An 2021 nay, logi phan bén héa hoc ma ngudi dn Nehé An thurong str dung 1a phan b6n NPK cé ki higu (30.10.10). Day 1a loai phan bon durge ding cho nhiéu loai cay trong a. Ki higu trén cho em biét diéu gi? b. Trong thie thé, | hecta dit trong cin cung cap 135 kg N va 35,5 kg P2Os cing 40 kg K20. Dé co duge lugng chit ding duéng nay ean tron phan b6n NPK (30.10.10) v6i phan kali KCI (d9 dink duéng 60%) va phan ure (49 ding duéng 46%). Néu nguoi dan sit dung 100 kg phin bon vira trdn trén thi bon dugc bao nhiéu hecta dit trong? Cfiu 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén h6a PTNK TPHCM 2021 . Khi dét 1 mol glucozo trong oxi dur thu duge COz, H20 va 2803 kJ nhigt lugng. Con khi dét 1 mol chat béo (CasHssOs) thu duge CO2, HO va 27820 kJ nhiét lugng. = Viét va can bang phuong trinh héa hoc ciia phan img dot chy glucozo va chat béo - Tir céng thie phan tir ciia chat béo hay viét cong thire chung tuong img - Tinh thé tich khi oxi can thiét (dktc) dé dét chdy 1 gam glucozo va 1 gam chat béo - Tinh lugng nhiét thu dirge khi dt 1 gam glucozo hoe 1 gam chat béo. So sénh hai nhigt lugng nay. Cau 3: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Phi Yen 2021 Trong diéu kign thiét bj thi nghigm day dii, so dé thi nghigm diéu ché este etyl axetat (san phim thé, chura tinh ché) duge lip dit nhur hinh vé duéi day Cach tién hanh nhur sau: Cho 5 ml ancol etylic vao binh cau ba cé dung tich 100 ml. Lam lanh bén ngoai binh bang nude lanh, rdi cho tir tir 5 ml H2SOy dic vao va lic déu. Cho hn hgp gém 10 ml ancol etylic va 10 ml axit axetic bang (axit axetic bing la axit axetic c6 hrgng nuée it hon 1%) vao phéu nhd giot. Bun binh phan img trén bép n nhigt hogc bép dign (céch amiang). Khi nhigt d bat dau dat 115°C thi nho ti tir hon hgp ancol etylic va axit axetic bang tit phéu nho giot xudng binh pahrn éng voi van tdc nhé gigt bing van téc etyl axetat tgo thanh durge chung cat ra. Duy tri nhigt d6 phan tng trong khoang 115" — 125°C. Sau khi nho hét hdn hop ancol va axit, tiép tuc thyc hién thém khoang 10 phut. Chat long thu durge 6 binh tam gide (xem hinh véi ghi chi: binh himg) chtia etyl axetat tho. Dé thu duge etyl axetat tinh khigt, bang kién thite hoa hoe, em hay dé xuat cach tién hanh thi nghigm. Biét mhiét d6 sdi ctta CH3COOH (118°); C2HsOH (78,3°) : CH3COOC2Hs (77.2). Cfiu 4: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Quang Ngai 2021 Hign nay Vigt Nam cling nhu nhieu nude trén thé giéi dang phai cing site chéng lai dai djeh Covid ~ 19, doi véi nhimg bénh nhan mie phai loai virus nay o dang nang thi can phai duge chim soc y té dic bigt, trong dé phai ding may tro tho bang khi oxi. Chinh vi vay ma nhu cau tiéu thy khi oxi la rat I6n. Cé hai phuong php dé san xudt khi nay trong céng nghiép [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI BH[CAU HOI THUC TE] a. Phuong phap dau tién la chung cat phan doan khéng khi long, trong phuong phap nay ngudi ta da dya vao sy khac biét gi vé tinh chat gitra khi oxit va nito dé tach ching ra khoi nhau? b, Phuong phap thir hai Ia phuong phap gi Viét phuong trinh phan (mg xay ra. Cfiu 5: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Séc Tring 2021 Hay gidi thich va viét cde phuong trinh phan ting (néu 6) trong cdc trudng hgp sau: - Vi sao ngudi ta throng khong ding dung cu bang nhém dé dung nude voi trong? - Hign tugng mua axit lim khéng khi bi 6 nhiém, lim anh hudng ti site khoe ctia con ngudi eiing nhur pha hiyy cde c6ng trinh nhu: nha cita, cau, c6t dign...Hign twong mua axit thudng xay rao nhing khu vue c6 nhiéu khu céng nghiép, khu ché xuat do qua trinh dét chay than, dau hoa, khi thién nhién. - Trong phing kin khong nén ding may né phat dign hay dét than dé sudi dm. - Tai sao ding cén khoang 75° duge diing cing v6i nude oxi gia, glixerol dé pha ché dung dich rita tay st khuan trong phong chong dich Covid — Cau 6: Thi vao 10 chuyén hoa Thanh Héa 2021 Trong dan gian thwong san xuat rugu etylic bing phong phap Ién men tinh bdt. a. Viet phuong trinh phan ting diéu ché rugu etylic tir tinh bot. b, Phin cn lai sau khi chung ct rugu etylic duge goi li bong rugu (hay ba rugu). Gidi thich tai sao béng rugu dé trong khéng khi lai bi chua va khi ding bang nou dé nau canh thi lai thay cé mui thom? Cau ‘hi vao 10 chuyén héa Tra Vinh 2021 1. Trude day trong x@y dung ngudi ta thurong tao mau sic cho cde ngdi nha bing céch cho voi séng (voi dang b6t) vio nude, khuay déu thu duge dung dich nude voi ding dé quét lén bé mat etia tuong Dung dich nude véi con dur sau khi sir dung dé Iu ngay trong khong khi thug cd mot lop mang trén bé mat dung dich, Hay giai thich hién tuong va viet cde phuong trinh phan img hoa hoe xay ra. 2. Cé mot hoc sinh cho rang cay xanh giéng nhu nha may san xuat gluxit (cacbohidrat) déng thoi diéu hoa lugng oxi trong khi quyén bang qué trinh quang hop. a. Hay giai thich y kién do bang phurong trinh hoa hoe xay ra. b. Tinh thé tich khi CO ma cay xanh da hap thy duge bang qua trinh quang hop néu qua trinh do gi phéng 134,4 m' khi oxi (dktc). Biét higu suat qua trinh tong hgp trén dat 80%. Hay néu Igi ich cita vige trong cay xanh. CAu 8: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Vinh Li Long 2021 Mui NaC! cé rit nhiéu tg dung trong cuge séng va sin xuét nhu ding lim gia vi, bio quin thye pham, digu ché khi Cl H: a, Trong ty nhién, NaCl cé nhiéu trong nuéc bién, hay cho biét cach khai thac mudi Nat NaCl cé Lin tap chit MgSO, vi NaHCO, Bang phuong phiip hoa hoe, hay néu e: tap chat dé thu dige mudi NaCl nguyén chat, viét phirong trinh hoa hoc xay ra, C4u 9: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Ving Tau 2021 Giai thich cde hign trong héa hoe va viét phwrong trinh phan img: - Trong ty nhién c6 nhiéu nguén tao ra khi H2S nhung lai khong c6 sy tich ty H2S trong khéng khi - Trong phdng thi nghiém, khi nhiét ké thiy ngan bj v6, ngudi ta ding b6t hu huynh rac lén - Trong phing thi nghigm bj 6 nhiém khi Ch, dé khir de ngudi ta xit vao khong khi dung dich NHs - Sut tao thinh thach nhi trong hang déng Cfu 10: HSG Binh Duong 2022 Retinol, edn durge goi li vitamin Aj, 18 mét loai vitamin durge tim thay trong thye phém va e6 thé duge sit dung nhu mgt chat bé sung trong ché do an ubng. Cong thie cdu tao cita retinol nhur sau. Ha CHs CHs CHs DPV tir nude bién, h loai bo ‘OH ‘CH3 1. Xéc dinh céng thite phan tir cia retinol 2. Retinol thudc loai hgp chit hitu co nao (hydrocaron hay dan xuat cia hydrocarbon)? Vi sao? 3. Hay dy dooan 1 mol retinol 6 thé céng toi da véi bao nhiéu mol bromine Bro trong CCl: ? Vi sao? HUONG DAN Cau 1: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Nghé An 2021 a. Ki higu trén cho biét him lugng cia N: 30% ; P20s: 10%; K20: 10% [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI oi[CAU HOI THUC TE] NPK:a 0,3a + 0,46. b. my, /KCI:b 9 0,la=3 (NH,),CO:e — [0,la+0,6b=40 Cfiu 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa PTNK TPHCM 2021 CeHi206 + 602 —"—> 6COz + 6H2O + 2830KI_CasHysOo + 63,502 —— 45CO2 + 43120 + 27820 kI CTPT: (CasHs4Os) = (CisH2¥COO)3C3Hs > CTTQ: (Calloy1COO)sC3Hs howe CoH>n-40s, Dot | gam glucozo can V(O2) = 0,74667 (lit) va d6t 1 gam chat béo can V(O2) = 1,97 (lit) Cfu 3: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Phi Yén 2021 H,8O, :0,5—> my, =50E—> Vog =27,174(m1) i > HC1:0,5 > V,, =100(m1) Vay ta lay 27,174 ml dung dich H2SO4 98% va 100 ml dung dich HCI 5M sau do cho tir tir vao 372,826 (ml) nude dé thu duge 500 ml dung dich hdn hgp gdm H2SO. 1M vi HCl 1M. Cau 4: Thi vio 10 chuyén héa Quang Ngai 2021 a, Nguoi ta dya vao nhiét d6 sdi khac nhau cia khi O> va No dé tach riéng timg khi 35 355 {ern =424.46kg oi 1,96 Sit dung 100kg bén duce $ = 0,2356(ha) o>} =372,826(ml) HY b, Phuong phap thi hai 1a dign phan née: H20 we Ha + % Oo Cau S: Thi yao 10 chuyén héa Séc Trang 2021 - Dung cu bing nhém sé bj in mon bai nude voi trong vi Ca(OH): + 2Al + 2H20 + Ca(AlO2)2 + 3H2 Ca(OH): + AlLOs — Ca(AlO2)2 + H20 ‘ai ca Cac khi nay bj oxi héa rdi bay ting binh hru, trong cde dim may ngung ty khi gp khong khi lanh tao mua axit (chira H2SOs, HNO3) gay anh huéng cho site khée con ngubi, sir song ctia déng thu vat, gay tac hai nghiém trong cho cde eng trinh xy dung vi axit sé phi hiry két cu thép, Fe + 2804 > Fi 4TINOs — Fe(NOs)s + NO + 2720 - Trong phong. hoic than dé sui Am thi sé sinh ra khi CO (khi déc gay ngat dung ho hi n tinh mang con ngudi. 75° 1a. cOn c6 kha nang sat khuan t6t nhét, vi cOn tham thau nhanh vao trong mang té bao vi khuan, gay déng tu protein va khién vi khuan chét. Oxi gia cb kha ning sit tring, glixerol gitt am cho da tay, khong gay kho va ngia da tay. Céu 6: Thi vio 10 chuyén hoa Thanh Héa 2021 a. (CsHi00s)a + nH2O IE, nCetii206 b, Bong rugu c6 CoHsOH nén dé trong khong khi bj oxi héa chm thanh gi va khi nau canh c6 mii thom vi CoHsOH + CHsCOOH @ CHsCOOC: Cau 7: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Tra Vinh 2021 1, Nuée voi dé lau ngiy trong khdng khi s@ e6 phan tg cham: CO2 + Ca(OH): —* CaCOs + H20 va CaCOs tao thanh 1p mang mau trang trén dung dich nude voi. hu cong nghiép, khu ché xuat thai ra lirgng lén khi SO: 1206 “5 2C2HsOH + 2CO2 (CHsCOOH) nén bj chua ‘mii thom) + H20 134,4 80% 2. a, 6nCO2 + SnH20 —M8"9P4* 5 (CGH 19Os)a + 6nOz b. Vi 168m* Céu 8: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Vinh Long 2021 | a a. Ngwdi ta din nud bién vao cde rudng mudi, duéi Anh nang mat trdi, nude bién béc hoi, ta thu duge mudi két tinh, NaCl 4 MgCO, 2% > +NagCOxaey I; b. {Mgso, “swe _,, ‘NaCl HC NaCl covsn dd we ad S85 NaCl, NaHCO, \"" |Na,CO,,NaHCO, HCl, Cfiu 9: Thi vao 10 chuyén héa Ving Tau 2021 - Khi HS dé ding bj oxi hoa bai oxi khong khi nén khOng c6 sur tich ty kh H2S trong khong khi 2HDS + 30: —> 2802 + 2H20 ~ Bot luu huynh c6 thé thu gom thiy ngin roi vo vi: S + Hz > HgS(den) dé dang quét don, thu gom ~ Nguéi ta khir 6 nhiém khi Clo bang khi NHs vi: 3Cl2 + 8NH3 > Nz + 6NHCL ~ Khi nude chita khoang trén vm hang qua ké ho chay xudng, sy thay di nhigt 46 c6 xay ra pit: [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI oi[CAU HOI THUC TE] Ca(HCOs): —"-> CaCO; + 120 + CO? CAu 10: HSG Binh Duong 2022 1, Mdi mot dinh 1d 1C + 6 20C; (1 ving + Spi) gidm 12H so voi no > CTPT Ai: CzoH300 2. Retinol thuge loai din xuit hidrocacbon va day 1a ancol thom (chira ving benzen) 3. BriCCla cé pit cng, Ai c6 Spi & ngoai vong thom nén 1 mol Aj cOng t6i da voi $ mol BryCCly DE SO 05 Cau 1: HSG Ha N6i 2022 Giai thich vi sa - Khi clo duge ding dé khir tring nude sinh hoat, made bé boi - Day dan dign cao thé thuéng lim bing nhém cén day dn dién trong nha thuéng duge lam bing déng. Cau 2: HSG Ha Tinh 2022 ~ Mua axit gay ra nhiing tac hai nao? Néu bién php khac phuc mua axit? ~ Néng dé khi cacbonic trong khéng khi cao sé lam tang nhiét d6 cia Trai dat (gay higu dng nha kinh). Hay néu cde bign phap kim gidm nong d6 khi cacbonic trong khéng kl Cau 3: HSG Hai Phong 2022 6 muc “Em cé biét”, sich gido khoa Héa hoc 9, cho biét ndng 46 cén cé kha nang diét khuan t6t nhat 1a. 75°. Nham chii déng phong chéng dich Covid-19, trong gia dinh va lop hoc cua minh, em hay tinh todn dé pha ché duge 20 lit dung dich nude ria tay khé nong 46 75° vai thanh phan, ti 18 theo bang dudi day: _ ‘Thanh phan Hydrogen peroxide (hay oxi gia) 3% Glycerol ‘Con 96° Nuc cat The tich 834 ml 290 ml Vi V2 (bigt dO rugu Li sé ml regu etylic ¢6 trong 100 ml dung dich) b. Cho biét vai trd cia ctanol, hydrogen peroxide trong dung dich trén, ISG KonTum 2022 Giai thich cac truéng hop sau, viét phuong trinh héa hoc phan img (néu c6): 1, Nguéi ta thuéng ding cdc binh bing sat dé dung va chuyén ché axit sunfurie die. 2. Khéng ding cac lo bang thiiy tin dé chira dung dich axit HF. 3. Khi axetilen duge str dung lam nhién ligu trong dén xi oxi ~ axetilen dé han cat kim loai 4. Khi clo thuéng duge ding dé khir trang nude sinh hoat. CAu 5: HSG Lang Son 2022 Rau qua khi bao quan trong diéu kign khi quyén binh thurmg (21,00% Oz; 0,03% COz edn lai li No va mét sé khi khac) sé chin nau sau vai ngay. Rau qua tuoi néu duge bao quan trong diéu kién ha thap ham luong O2 xudng dui 21,00% va ting ham lung CO2 lén 6 nhiét 6 thich hgp thi thai han ting Ién ding ké, Mét kho bio quan qua tuoi c6 dign tich 100 m3, ¢6 chigu cao 4 m, ngudi ta rit bOt O2 va ting CO> bang cach dét CHy trong kho kin rdi ha nhigt d xudng 0°C, ap suat khéng doi. a. Ngudi ta vao kho lanh bao quan rau qua can cé nhimg thiét bi bao hé gi? Vi sao? b. Tinh ham lugng CO: trong kho khi ham lugng O2 duge rit t6i 5%. Cau 6: HSG Nam Dinh 2022 1, Dang thit hinh eta nguyén t6 1a gi? Néu 3 dang thi hinh chinh cia cacbon? Trong eae dang thit hinh cla cacbon dang nao hoat dong héa hoc manh nhat? Néu 3 éng dyng ciia than hoat tinh? 2. Viét cde phuong trinh phan img xiy ra khi d6t than trong phéng kin? Nguyén nhan chinh gay ngd dc khi dot than trong phong kin? Chi ra mét sé lu y khi dot than dé tranh gay ngd doc? 3. Tai sao khi CO2 duge ding dé dap tat dam chdy? Vi sao khéng ding khi CO: dé dap tat dam chay kim loai magie? 4. Bé ting nhigt dO cua 1 gam nude thém 1 °C edn tidu tén 4,18 J, biét ring khi d6t chay 1 mol eacbon téa ra 394 kJ. Tinh khéi lugng than chira 75% cacbon can dét chay dé sinh ra lwgng nhiét di dun néng 1 fit nude (D = 1 g/em’) tir 25 1én 100 °C, gid sit nhigt lugng sinh ra chi ding dé Lim tang nhiét 46 ciia nue va cae tap chat ciia than khdng chay. Cau 7: HSG Phi Yén 2022 Trong théi gian qua (tir ddu nim 2020 dén hign nay), dai dich Covid-19 anh hudng nghiém trong dén dai séng cia nhan logi toan cu. Nuée ria tay sat khuan gop phan gidm thiéu mite d6 phat trién, lay ciia virus SARS-CiV-2. Théng qua vige pha ché m6t s6 loai nude sat khuan ding trong phong chéng dich bénh Covid-19, con ngudi duge biét dén nhiéu thong tin hon vé mét sé loai tinh diu va c6 thé ty thu lay tinh dau tir mdt s6 loai thye vat dwa vao mOt s6 qué trinh chung cat don gian. So dd m6 [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI |[CAU HOI THUC TE] phong (H1) va anh chup H2 qua trinh chung cat tinh dau tir mét s6 loai the vat da duge ap dung trong thy tién theo 02 hinh sau day: a. Em dé xuit chi thich vé vai trd cho cde thidt bi, dung eu da duge dinh sé tir (1) dén (8) etia hinh H1 b. Khi hoi tinh dau duge din qua dung cy 6 vj tri s6 (5) sé bj hoa long (tao thanh tinh dau long), em hay mé ta (ngin gon) c4u tao ciia dung cu sé (5) va cho biét co ché tao nhiét dé thip dé héa long hoi tinh dau tai dung cu s6 (5) cia hinh HI Céu 8: HSG TPHCM 2022 Hign nay, khi gaz — khi diu mo héa long duge xem li nguén nbién ligu khd than thign véi méi trudng, do khi dot chay sinh ra cdc khi NOx, khi ddc va tap cha z ¢6 thinh phan chinh 1a propan (C3Hs) va butan (C4Hio). Binh thurdng propan va butan & dang kni; khi gaz. la khi khong mau, khong mii a. Tai sao trong cc quet gaz hodc cac binh chita gaz ta thay khi gaz 6 trang thai long? b. Khi gaz thug ¢6 mii khé chiu, Em hay cho biét vi sao va ¥ nghia cia viée nay. ¢. Gia dinh cia ban Huy dang sir dyng loai khi gaz c6 ti 18 thé tich propan va butan tuong ting 1a 3 : 7, cé tang khdi hrong Li 12 kg duge nap vao binh thép chuyén dung. Hi thé tich (lit) khi O2 1a bao nhiéu, can dé d6t chay hoan toan khi propan va butan khi thodt hét ra khoi binh? Biét ring, 1 kg thé long 6 trong binh, khi thoat ra ngoai tao thanh 250 lit thé khi, Céc thé tich ki do trong ciing diéu kign nhiét d6 va ap suat, Cau 9: HSG Tuyén Quang 2022 Khi thai céng nghiép thudng chita nhiéu chat hoa hoc gay 6 nhiém méi trudng, trong dé cd SO2. Mot trong nhing phuong phap logi bé SO: ra khéi khi thai cia nha may nhigt dign ki cho khi thai Ii q dung dich canxi hidroxit (dang huyén phi ~ hén hop khéng déng nhat, gdm hat chat ran lo Ling phan tan trong chat long), san pham thu duge la thach cao (CaSO4.2H20). a. Viét phuong trinh héa hoc ctia phan tmg xiy ra. b, Can ding bao nhiéu kg canxi hidroxit mdi ngay dé logi 90% SO2 biét ring liu lugng khi thai 10* m'/h (dktc) chira 0,15% SO: vé thé tich. Tinh khdi hrgng thach cao thu durge (kg) néu gia thiét lugng hoa tan ciia CaSO4 chiém 0,6% khdi lurgng CaSO: tao thanh. Cau 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén Binh Duong 2022 Binh chita chay phun bot dang axit — kiém 6 cau tao nhu sau: - Ong thity tinh hé migng dung dung dich axit sunfurie - Binh dyng dung dich natri hidrocacbonat cé néng dé cao. Binh thudng, binh chita chay duge dé thing dimng, khéng d8 nim. Khi chita chy phai déc ngwoc binh lén, [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] - HA NOL | 7 |[CAU HOI THUC TE] Vi Vi 10 khi bao quan, binh chita chay dé thing dig? Vi sao khi chita chay phai doe nguge binh lén? phuong trinh hoa hgc cuia phan img xay ra (neu c6). Nguyén ly chita chay cua binh la gi? HUONG DAN Cau 1: HSG Ha Noi 2022 - Vi khi hoa tan khi Cl: vao nude thi thu doe nuée Clo: Ch + H2O0 + HCl + HCO HCIO tan céng vao 16p lipit ciia té bao, pha hiy enzim va cdu trac bén trong té bao, tiéu diét vi tring, = Day dn dign cao thé kam bing nhém vi vat ligu bing nhém ré hon dng va vie ligu nhém ng hon dong, lam giam tai trong dung day, gidm chi phi trong c6t, chi phi ha tang ludi dign, Nhung day dign trong nha thudng lim bing dong vi dong din dign t6t hon nh6m cho higu suit truyen tai dign t6t hon. Céu 2: HSG Ha Tinh 2022 Cau 3: HSG Hai Phong 2022 a. 20 lit nurée rita tay kh 75° c6 thé tich cdn = 20.75% = 15 (lit) + Vi = 15 : 96% Thé tich nude cat = 20 ~ 15,625 = 0,834 ~ 0,29 = 3,251 (lit) b. Etanol va hydrogen peroxide cé tée dung chinh la sat khudn, mém da tay, tranh bi ngira khé chiu. Céu 4: HSG KonTum 2022 - Vi Fe bj thy déng trong H2SO, die ngudi nén cé thé dung H:S0; die, ngu - Vi HE an mon thiy tinh theo PTHH sau: 4HF + SiQqniy inn) > SiFs + 2H. ~ Vi khi axetilen CoH chay trong oxi t6a nhiéu nhigt: CoHe + 2,502 2CO2 + H20 - Vi khi Clo tan vao trong nude tgo nude Clo cé tac dung khir tring: Cls + H2O > HCl + HCIO Céu 5: HSG Lang Son 2022 CAu 6: HSG Nam Djnh 2022 1. Dang thi hinh cia nguyén (6 Li nhiing don chat khe nhau do cing m@t nguyén 16 héa hoe tao nen. Ba dang thd hinh chinh cia cacbon la: than chi, kim cong, cacbon v6 dinh hin. Trong dé than chi hoat dng héa hoc manh nhat, Ba mg dung ciia than hoat tinh: loc nutéc, khir mai loc khéng khi, didu tri ng6 adc trong y té, Lim dep, trong céng nghiép khai khong dé hip thu cae kim logi quy. 15,625 (lit) it tring. Glyxerol c6 tée dung Lim bang binh sit. 2, Dét than trong phdng kin, thigu khi Or: 2C + Oreuitsy) "> 2€0. Neuyén nhan chinh gay ng6e dé khi dét than trong phong kin li tao ra khi CO kim gidm Iuong O2 trong mau, gim O2 len nao dn dén chong mat, budn non, néu nang c6 the hon mé sau roi tu vong. Mot s6 liu 9 khi d6t than tran ng@ be: && phong khong qui kin (mo mdt s6 ita s6) dé Khing Khi 66 thé trao di giita phong va moi truong. 3. Khi COs thuwong ding dé dap tat dm chay vi né cdich ly ngudn,chay véi Khong khi, lim giam nhigt Iugng nguén chy. Nhung khong diing binh khi CO» nén dé dap tit dim chay Mg vi s@ lam dim chay bing lén dit déi hon do: Mg + CO: —"> MgO + Cinon than tgo ra trong ngudn nhigt Ién céng lam cho dim chay nghiém trong hon, 4. Nhigt hrong dé dura 1 lit nude tir 25° Len 100° la: (100 — 25).4,18 = 313,5 kJ Khdi lugng than (75% C) can ding 1a: S1sioil2, 394.75% Cau 7: HSG Pha Yén 2022 a. Vai tro ic thict bi, dung ev (1) Bép dign (cung cap nhigt) (2) Noi chung cét_ (3) Nguyén ligu thye vat_ (4) Nude (9) Hé théng gioang, van cua ndi (10) Nhig két (5) Ong sinh han (1) Gia do (8) Ong dan tinh dau (6) Phéu dung tinh dau long [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI oO[CAU HOI THUC TE] b. Cau tao éng sinh han s6 (5): bén trong sau khi bée hoi s® ngung tu Iai vi the tich 16n nh Co ché tao n thap cia dng sinh han: nue duge ding dé lam lanh sé din vao bén trong éng han tir voi phia duéi va chay ra 6 voi phia trén. Do dd, chiéu cia dong nude trong éng bao phia ngo: dng sinh han sé chay nguge hudng vii hoi eta chat ling béc Ién, Cau 8: HSG TPHCM 2022 a. Trong dieu kign ap suat khé quyén va nhigt a6 thurémg thi khi gaz 6 thé khi nhung dé thudn tign va dé tang khéi Iugng gaz khi van chuyén thi ngwi ta ha long khi gaz. b. Khi gaz li hon hgp (propan va butan) khong mii nhung ede nha sn xudt khi gaz pha tron thém mui kh6 chiu dé e6 thé phat hign va xtr ly kip thai khi binh gaz bi rd xi ©. CsHs + 502 "> 3002 + 41,0 CiHio + 6,502 —"-> 4002 + SH20 ntsc Vo, =5Veu, +65V, Lag = 3000¢y 22S eatny-3:7 [CaM 9000) (No, = SNe, +5¥eqt yyy 21000)” | Vg, = 181500) Cau 9: HSG Tuyén Quang 2022 a, $02 + 4 Os + Ca(OH)» + Ha0 + CaSO4.2H * 10?.24.0,15%.90%.74 b. Khéi lugng Ca(OH): n diing= 1017 2AOISE 0% TS _ 1070357) ; 103-24.0,159%.90%.99,4%.172 Khoi lugng thach cao tgo think = 10-10 HAO ISS oe S9AGAT? _9479930(kg) C4u 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén Binh Duong 2022 DE SO 06 Cfu 1: Thi vao 10 chuyén Binh Thuan 2022 Tir rugu etylic, ec chat v6 co va dieu kign can thiét c6 du, hay viét phuong trinh héa hoe diéu ché: etyl axetat, nh P.E (ghi r6 diéu kign phan ung néu c6). - Trong phing chéng dich Covid ~ 19, ngudi ta thudng rita tay bing dung dich sat khuan chira thanh, phan chu yéu la ancol etylic 70°, Nha ban A dang c6 200 ml ancol etylic 91°, ban A can cho thém vao bao nhiéu gam nuéc dé chuyén toan bé lung ancol dang cé thinh dung dich sat khuan c6 thanh phan néu trén. Cho d(H20) = 1 g/ml Cau 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén Can Tho 2022 Giai thich cdc trudng hgp sau va viét phuong trinh héa hoe ctia cde phan img xy ra (néu c6): - Than hoat tinh durgc ding lam mat na phong doc, lim chit khir mau, khir mdi - Khi hidro durge str dung lam nguyén liu thay thé cho than 44, dau mo, khi thién nhié = Cho canxi cacbua vao nude ¢é6 pha sin vai git phenolphtalein, thu durge dung dich mau héng va thay sii bot khi ~ Cho bt NaHCO; vio céc thiy nhé dang chay thi ngon nén bi tat. Cau 3: Thi vio 10 chuyén Da Ning 2022 nh dung dung dich CH;COOH. Nghiéng miéng céc vé phia ngon nén EN ~ 0948206996] — HA NOI oO[CAU HOI THUC TE] Hop chat A li mudi khan natri ciia mét axi yéu, kém bén véi nhigt, c6 nhiéu img dung trong dai sng. Tién hanh phan tich cae ig cach tron déu A v6i chat tro roi dun néng 161 400°C dé phan img nhiét phan xy ra hoan ton. BG gidm khdi Iugng (%) ca cde miu v6i khdi lugng A khde nhau da duge ghi lai va két qua duge cho duéi day: Ham Iugng A trong mau (%) | _20 30. 70 90 Khoi lugng mat di (%) 7,38__|_18,45_|25,83_[ 33,21 Su dung cac dif igu trén dé xac dinh cng thite cia A. Néu hai Ging dung phd bign cua A. Cau 4: Thi vao 10 chuyén Ha Nam 2022 Hay gidi thich: - Vi sao khi cho mét sgi day dng da cao sach vao binh cim hoa thi hoa sé twoi léu hon ~ Vi sao cae dé vat lm bing nhém khé bi An mén trong khéng khi ~ Vi sao ha duéng huyét nguoi ta cho udng nude dung thay vi dn cac loai thir - Vi sao thue té ngudi ta khéng ding nude dé dap tit cae dim el Néu bign phap xir ly cde dim chay do xang dau. Cau 5: Thi vao 10 chuyén Ha N6i 2022 1. Cc loai bim bim (snack) li mén yéu thich cia nhigu ngudi, nhdt ld cae ban tré. Trong cdc goi bim bim, lrgng bim bim thuéng chi chiém m6t nia the tich, phan con lai la khi nito. Tai sao ngudi ta lai khéng bom khdng khi ma lai bom khi nito vio cdc géi bim bim? 2. Hat nhan ciia hau hét cdc nguyén tir déu duge tao thanh tir cdc hat proton va notron. Cac nguyén tir c6 cling s6 hat proton nhung khdc nhau vé s6 hat notron dure goi la céc dong vi cla mét nguyén 16 hoa hoc. Tong s6 hat proton, notron trong hat nhin nguyén tir duge goi la s6 khdi ich gin ding, nguyén ti khéi c6 gia tri bing sé Khoi, Vi hu het cde nguyén t6 trong tyr nhign Li hén hop eta nhigu dong vi nén nguyén tir khdi cua mot s6 nguyén 16 1a nguyén tir kh6i trung binh cua hon hgp cdc dong vi cia nguyen t6 6. a, Nguyén t6 cacbon c6 hai dong vj bén 1a X (hat nhan chia 6 proton, 6 notron) va Y (hat nhan chita 6 proton va 7 notron). Tinh nguyén tr khdi ctia cde nguyén tir X, Y. b. Trong thé thao dé gia ting thinh tich, m6t s6 van dong vién da gian lan bing cach sir dung cite loai chat kieh thich (doping). Mot trong céc loai doping thudng gap nhat la testosterone tng hop. di véi testosterone tyr nhign trong co thé, phan trim so nguyén tir cua dong vi Y khéng doi va bing 1,11% trong khi testosterone tng hgp (doping) cé phan trim s6 nguyén tir ctia déng vi Y it hon testosterone ty nhién, Day chinh la mau chét ca xét nghigm CIR (Cacbon Isotope Ratio) nham xac dinh van dong vién co str dung doping hay khéng. Gia sir, két qua phan tich CIR di v6i van dong vién thu duge phan trim s6 nguyén tir X Lia va Y la b. Tir ti lé d6, ngudi ta tinh duge nguyén tir khoi trung binh cua cacbon trong mau phan tich c6 gia tri la 12,0098. Tinh a, b va cho biét van dong vién nay c6 sir dung doping hay khong. Cau 6: Thi vio 10 chuyén Ha Tinh 2022 Hay giai thich va viét phuong trinh phan ting xay ra (néu 6): - Vao mia dong, khi rira chén bat dinh nhiéu diu mo, ngudi ta thuéng ding nude non - Khéng ding bép than dé sui va a bép trong phong kin - Khéng thé ding khi CO> dé dap tit dam chay kim loai Mg - Khi pha long axit sunfuric de nguéi ta phai rét tir tir axit vio nude ma khdng lim ngugc lai Cau 7: Thi vio 10 chuyén Hai Phong 2022 Hang nm, trén thé gidi san xudt hang tram trigu tan axit sunfuric do céc img dung quan trong cia né 46i véi nén kinh té quéc dan. [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Bi[CAU HOI THUC TE] Trong céng nghiép, axit sunfuric duge sin xuat bing phuong phap tiép xtc. Nguyén ligu li luu huynh (hoge quang pirit sat) khong khi va nude. Thong thuong san xuat axit sunfuric c6 ba giai doan: Giai doan 1: oxi hoa lau huynh (hoe quang pirit sat) bing khong khi gidu oxi Giai dogn 2: oxi hoa san phim chita lu huynh thu duge 6 giai dogn 1 bing xiie tac phi hop Giai doan 3: hap thu san pham chita lwu huynh thu duge 6 giai dogn 2 dé tgo axit sunfurie Trén thyc té, higu suat cua qua trinh san xuat axit sunfuric phy thugc nhiéu vao giai doan 3 do higu suat cua hai giai doan dau cé thé dat t6i 100%. Néu ding nuée dé hap thu SOs thi higu suat phan ug co thé chi dat duéi 5% do phan tig tGa nhigt nén san phim sinh ra tgo lép song ma, vita kho thu hai, vira han ché sy tiép xtc giita céc chat tham gia phan img. Thye té trong san xuat ngudi ta ding dung dich HoSO: dic lim chat hap thu trong giai doan 3. Sin phim cia phan tng thu duge ki oleum cé cOng thite dang HoSO..nSOs, Oleum dé vin chuyén an toan hon axit sunfurie. Khi biét cdng thire cla Oleum ¢6 thé tinh ton hrong muéc cin héa tan dé thu duge axit sunfuric tinh khiét, a. Viét phuong trinh héa hoe cho cae phan ting xay ra trong qué trinh san xudt axit sunfuric. b, Xac dinh cdng thite m6t logi oleum, biét dung dich thu duge khi héa tan 9,87 gam Oleum bang nude dugc trung héa bai 240 ml dung dich NaOH 1M Cfiu 8: Thi yao 10 chuyén Hau Giang 2022 thuéng diing bong tim cén xoa Ién da bénh nhan dé sét tring ché tiém. Dé higu qua sat trung cao nhat, thay thudc a3 ding loai cén nao trong ba loai cén sau: cn 40°; cén 75°; cn 90°. Vi sao? Cau 9: Thi vio 10 chuyén Hung Yén 2022 ‘Van dung kién thire héa hoe dé giai thich minh hoa (néu c6). ~ Dang bét luu hujnh rac lén thay ngan roi vai khi nhigt ké thay ngdn bj vo - V6 trimng ga sti bot khi ngam trong dung dich gidm an ~ 6 mot sO noi, khi ding muéc giéng dé dun thi thay e6 l6p chat rin bam 6 day am - Thi nghigm diéu ché khi sunfuro, ngudi ta thudng dit miéng bong tim xit trén migng binh thu khi. Cfiu 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén Khanh Hoa 2022 A la mot chat khi tOn tai trong khi quyén va déng vai trd quan trong trong qué trinh sinh héa cia sinh vat s6ng. MOt minh kim loai magie chay trong A thu duge mot hén hgp chat rn B. Néu dot chay hoan toan chat rin B trong khi quyén sé tgo thanh hdn hgp rin D. Hén hgp rin D chi thiy phin mgt pha trong nuée thu dirge khi E c6 mai dc trung. Phan img gidia A va E trong diéu kign thich hgp va theo ti 1g mol ny : np = 1: 2 durge ding dé san xuat mot loai phan bén héa hoc F c6 46,67% nito vé khi lugng. Hay xe dinh cdc chat tir A dén F va viét cic phwong trinh héa hge xay ra. HUONG DAN C4u 1: Thi yao 10 chuyén Binh Thudn 2022 van dé thue tin duéi day. Viét phuong trinh héa hoc men HySOqqajo)-170° CoHsOH + 02 CHCOOH + 1:0 CHsOH CH=CH + HO HyS0 4,a50)° pata CH3COOH + C2HsOH CHsCOOC2Hs + HzO nCH2=CH2 —P*5 -(CH2CH2)a- PE Vcyngon = 200.91% = 182(ml) Vv o = 182: 70% = 260(ml) ‘ra 70 Céiu 2: Thi vio 10 chuyén Can Tho 2022 Cho mét it bét Mg vao dung dich KHSOa, quan sat hién tugng, ta thay co bét Mg tan ra, cé khi khong mau, khong mii thodt ra (H2): Mg + 2KHSO4 — MgSOz + K2SO, + Ho = Cho tir tir Ba(OH)> vao dung dich Alo(SO,); ta thay xuat hign két tha keo tring ting dan dén t6i da. 3Ba(OH)2 + Alo(SO4); + 3BaSOy + 2AI(OH); ‘Thém Ba(OH)2 dén du thi mét phan két ta bi hda tan: Ba(OH): + 2AI(OH)s — Ba( AIO: Sau dé khdi lrgng két tia khong doi - Dun nude ép qua nho chin (chita glucozo) trong AgNO3/NHs, sau mét théi gian ta thy thanh dng nghiém cé lép Ag sing bong: CsH«(OH)sCHO + Ag;o —““"3_, CsH,(OH)sCOOH + 2Agl ~ Bt chay nuqu eye, thu ly san phim chiy rb rt nude voi tong vo ta thay nuée voi trong bi van > can thém 260 ~ 200 = 60 ml nude cat 1g, khéi long két tia +4120 duc vi c6 két tita tring: C:HsOH + 302 —"-> 2CO2 + 3H20 C02 + Ca(OH): > CaCOs + H20 [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Hi[CAU HOI THUC TE] Cau 3: Thi vao 10 chuyén Da Ning 2022 ‘A: NaHCO3 Cfu 4: Thi vio 10 chuyén Ha Nam 2022- Vi day déng cao sach khi cho vao nude s® lugng nhé ion Cu’* c6 tée dung digt khuan, kim cho cuéng héa d6 bi théi, khong tae cde mao quan dn nude lén cénh hoa, do dé hoa tuai lau hon. - Cae do vat bang nhém cé Iép 40 AlOs rat bén ving, ngin cach Al véi cde tae nhan oxi héa & méi trudng nén cde dé vat khé bj an mén trong khéng khi. - Khi ha duong huyét ngudi ta uéng nude dung vi nude dudng chira dung déi, sé nhanh thuy phan ra dudng don (glucozo) gidp dn dinh nhanh Iwgng dudng trong mau. Trong banh, keo, cdc thy pham khéc chia nhiéu dung da (tinh b60), protein, chit béo do d6 qué trinh thay phan durong mat nhiéu thoi gian hon. = Ngwai ta khéng ding nude dé dap tit dam chay xdng dau, vi xAng dau kh6ng tan trong nude va nude c6 tinh Linh dng sé kim dém chay lan rong hon. Bign phap xir ly cdc dam chay xang dau: cat ngudn dign, céch ly nguén chay, sit dung cat dap dam chay, thiét Lip ving an ton quanh dim chay (46 cat quanh khu vye dim chay, dao dat dé trinh dim chay lan rong), Céu 5: Thi vao 10 chuyén Ha NGi 2022 1. Trong goi bim bim chiém dén 50% thé tich la khi nito vi khi nito khéng mau, khong mi, tro voi phan img héa hoe nén gidt cho bim bim dugc gidn ngon, gid nguyén mii vi, gitt duoc lop dau trén da bim bim. Mé goi bim bim m6t thai gian tiép xitc voi Khong khi ta thay bim bim sé bj “iu”, giam d6 gidn va huong vi. (Em5y |: Air 30% Chips 13C:0,98% <1, 11% 0,98% |» Van déng vién nay sit dung doping 2.a,Mx=p+n=12 vaMy=ptn=13. C:a% a+b =100 > > 3C:b% _[12a+13b=12,0098.100 Céu 6: Thi vio 10 chuyén Ha Tinh 2022 - Khi nhigt d6 dudi 30” thi dau mé sé tao thanh cde mang bam khé chiu trén bat dia, Vi vay diing nude néng sé Lim tan dau mé nay do dau An, md an [a este, né bi thily phan trong nude nong. 19, 02% - Khong ding bép than dé sui va ti ong phong kin vi trong diéu kign thiéu khOng hi, than chay st tao khi monoxit (CO), day la khi dc, két hgp véi hemoglobin Lim giam oxi lén nao, gay hign tugng chéng mit, buén nén, thoi gian lau sé gy hon mé din dén tir vong. [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Bi[CAU HOI THUC TE] - Khéng thé ding binh chita chay cé CO> dé dap tat dam chay Mg vi sé lam dam chay lan rng hon, vi: 2Mg + CO: —°-> 2MgO + Ciinum C+o "56 Cic loei binh chia chay ~ tite xiv vx! |x! o vx BY - Khi pha loding axit sunfuric dic nguéi ta phai rot tir tir axit vio nude dé tranh axit bin Ién da gay bong cho co thé. Zo, \ its =~ 8 . ey ** Shang an ona! aa CAu 7: Thi vio 10 chuyén Hai Phong 2022 a. Giai doan 1: $ + Oras) —-> $02 4FeS2 + 1102 > 2F e203 + 8802 Giai dogn 2: SO: + %0, —2°5""_5 soy Giai dogn 3: SO; + H20 > H2S04 b. 2n + 2)NaOH + H28Os.n$03 —> (n+ 1)NazSO, + (n+ 120 0,24 : 0.24 Suy ra: (98+ 80n).. “5 =9,87 > =7-> H,S0,.780, Cu 8: Thi vio 10 chuyén Hu Giang 2022 . ‘on 70° dé dat higu qua sat tring cao nha. in 40° néng dé thap nén higu qua cho eén thai[CAU HOI THUC TE] Cau 9: Thi vio 10 chuyén Hung Yén 2022 Dang bot luu huynh rac lén thay ngan roi vai (thu gom S an toan): Hg + S > HgS. - Vé tring ga e6 1p 0 chira CaCO nén khi ngam trong gidm n (CHsCOOH) thi cé siti bot khi khong mau, khong mii: 2CHs3COOH + CaCO; —> (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H20 ~- Nuée giéng khoan chira nhiéu ion Mg?*, Ca?*, HCOx nén khi dun sé tao thanh can (MgCOs, CaCO) bam 6 day Am: Mg(HCOs) —" 5 MgCOs + CO2 F120 Ca(HCOs) "> CaCO; + CO; + 120 - Nauisi ta dit miéng bong tim xit trén migng binh thu khi SO> dé trinh khi SO2 thoat ra ngod trung gay nguyén hiém: SO» + 2NaOH —» NasSO3 + H20. Céu 10: Thi vao 10 chuyén Khanh Hoa 2022 A [a khi c6 vai trd quan trong trong qué trinh sinh héa ciia sinh vat va Mg chay trong A nén A: C Tilé mol A: E = 1 : 2 tao ra ure (Yom = 46,67%) nén E la NH3 : CO2 + 2NH3 — (NH2)2CO + 120 Ran B: MgO, Mg | rin D: MgsNo, MgO va ptt: MgsNo + 61:0 > 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 DE SO 07 Cau 1: Thi vao 10 chuyén Lang Son 2022 1. Nhién ligu duge phép sit dung khi phan trim khéi Iugng cia tap chit lu huynh khéng vuot qua 0,3%, Dét chy hoan ton 100 gam mot loai nhién ligu thu duoc hdn hop san pham (gia thiét chi cd. C02, SO2 va hoi nude). Lugng sin phim trén tae dung vira du v6i 625 ml dung dich KMnO, 0,005M. Hay tinh toan dé xac dinh xem nhién ligu d6 c6 duge phép sir dung hay khéng. 2. Tir nude efit va dung dich NaCI bao hda 6 20°C hay tinh toan va trinh bay ech pha ché dung dich NaCl 0,9%. Biét 6 20°C, dé tan ctia NaCl trong nude 1a 35,9 gam. Cau 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén Lao Cai 2022 Em hay viét phvong trinh phan (mg dé giai thich cdc hin twong thyc té sau: a. Trong ty nhién, nude 6 mot s6 ving la nude cimg tam thoi, 1a nuée c6 chira cde mudi axit nhu: Ca(HCOs)2, Mg(HCOs)2. O nhing ving nay, khi dun nude léu ngiy thay xudt hign lép cin dudi day Am, nguéi dan thuéng sir dung giam an dé lam sach lop can nay. b. M6t lugng nho khi Cl c6 thé Lim khéng khi trong phong thi nghiém tré nén déc hai. Dé loai bo lwgng khi Clo do ¢6 thé ding khi amoniae dur, Nhung khi diéu ché khi Ch trong phéng thi nghigm dé loai bo khi Cl, dur trong dng dan khi va binh thu khi ngudi ta ding NaOH loang hoje nude voi trong c. Tai nhitng phuong cé nganh chan nudi phat trién manh dé tan dung chat thai chin nudi, déng thai giam chi phi nang lgng va han ché 6 nhiém méi trudng nén ngui in nudi da xay dung bép Biogas. Loai bép nay hoat d6ng dya trén nguyén tac qua trinh phan hiy cc chat thai trong chin nudi sinh ra khi metan durge ding lam nhién ligu dét. Can dét bao nhiéu lit khi metan (dkte) dé long nhiét sinh ra dit dun 1 lit nude (d= 1g/ml) tir 30°C lén 100°C. Biét ring: 00 gam - Dot | chay hoan toan | mol metan ta ra 914,375 kJ theo PT: CHa + 202 its CO2 + 2H20 - Muén nang I gam nuéc lén 1°C can tiéu tén 4,18 J va gia sir chi 80% lung nhiét sinh ra lam tang mhigt do cita nude. Cau 3: Thi yao 10 chuyén Ninh Binh 2022 Bang cac kién thite héa hoc hay tra loi cdc cau hoi sau: + Trong noe ong ¢6 chita HCOOH. Hay gia thich tai sao boi voi vao chd ong dot sé eam thay dé dau n Gn bé dudng va duge nhiéu ngudi yéu thich. Mén ain niy duge lim dya trén hign tuong héa hye nao? - Vi sao trong céng nghiép thye phim, mudi (NH.)2CO3 duge ding lam bot no. Cau 4: Thi vao 10 chuyén Nghé An 2022 Hoa hoc la mén khoa hoc thyc nghiém, cé nhiéu ing dung trong thye tién cuéc séng. Hay gidi thich bang phuong trinh héa hoc cua cae phan ting xay ra khi: - Dam chay c6 kim loai manh (nhu cé Mg) khong ding khi CO» dé dap tat - Dung ey bing thiy tinh khéng diing dé dyng dung dich HF - Trong ty mhién 6 nhiéu ngudn sinh ra khi HS nhung Iai khong c6 sy tich ty HS trong khong khi - Bé loai bo mudi Fe (II) c6 trong nuge ngim (thudng la Fe(HCOs)2 ngudi ta cho nude ngim chiy qua cée gidn phun mua, sau 46 loc bo chat ran tao ra). Cau S: Thi vio 10 chuyén Phu Yén 2022 [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI | 2: |[CAU HOI THUC TE] 1. M6t loai quing apatit cé chita Cas(POs)2, CaSOs, CaCOs, CaF> va tap chat tro duge xir ly bang cach cho vao hén hgp axit H3POy va axit H2SOy dé tao thanh Ca(H2POs)2 tan duge trong nude ding lam phan bén (mot logi phan tan), a. Viét cdc phuong trinh héa hoe cita cde phan img xay ra. b, Cac phan img thong duge thye hign 6 diéu kign duéi 60°C va co hé théng hut khi doc. Hay giai thich vi sao phai the hign ede phan img trong digu kign nhu vay. 2. M@t loai quing khac chia photpho 6 trong ty nhién la quiing photphorit, e6 thinh phan héa hoc chinh 1a Cay(PO,)2, thudng duge ding dé sin xuat photpho trang (Ps) bing cach trdn lan quang photphorit véi cat (SiO2) va than céc (chtra cacbon), rdi nung trong 16 dign (hinh vé duéi day). Phan img hoa hye xiy ra theo so dé nhur sau: Cax(POs)2 + SiO2 + CaSiO3 + PyOi0 P41 + C > CO + Pa [chi cick: ] ()Dige eve than. } (@) Pde nguyen itu. A | oie tla esos (4) bi dot hoi photphoteing Trung binh dé sin xuat duge | tan photpho trang, can 9 tan quang photphorit va 1,5 tan than cc. Hay tinh ham Iugng P2Os c6 trong quang photphorit va ham lwgng cacbon c6 trong than céc da ding, cho ring qua trinh san xudt lam hao hut 5%. Céu 6: Thi vio 10 chuyén Quing Nam 2022 1. Tyc ngit Vigt Nam cé edu: Cé khOng an mudi cd wong — Con edi cha me trim dung con hu a. Viét cong thire hoa hoc cla hop chat X thanh phan chinh cua mudi trong tuc ngit trén. b, Viét phuong trinh héa hoe ciia phan img (méi chat mét phuong trinh) - Tir chat X tgo thanh: He, Ag] ~ Tir Na, NaOH tgo thanh chat X 2, Hign nay, mudi (chat X) 6 Vigt Nam chu yéu duge san xuat tir nude bién bang phuong phép phoi cit va phoi nude. Véi phuong phap phoi nude, nuée bién duge phoi duéi nin; lugt qua cc ao I6n (1, 2...hinh vé dui day) dé ting do m§n va lang ej. Khi di d) man, nude bien duge dan vao ao két tinh, 6 day, nuéc tiép tue béc hoi mét phan, mudi dan két tinh thinh céc tinh thé rin, Trude khi thu hoach, ngudi ta théo phan nude cén lai trong ao vé ao phoi rdi thu hoach mudi. wy trink san ites metre blén ao két tinh, ngudi ta cho vio 23 m’ nuée bién cé khéi long riéng 1,29 g/cm’, ndng 46 a chat X dat 22.24%, Luong nude théo ra khoi no ngay true khi thu hoach la 7 m* (6 35°C), kh6i long rigng 1,36 g/em’, D6 tan cia chat X trong made 35°C 1a 36,2 gam. a. Tinh khéi long chat X da két tinh trong ao dén thai diém trude khi thu hoach. b. Biét ring sin phim thu dug 6 ao két tinh chira 85% chit X vé khéi lugng, tinh khdi lugng tdi da san pham thu duge. CAu 7: Thi vio 10 chuyén Quang Ninh 2022 . 1. Covid ~ 19 18 bénh dudng ho hap cap tinh truyén nhiém gay ra boi ching virus Sars ~ coV ~ 2. T6 chite Y t8 thé gigi (WHO) da tuyén bé dich viém phdi do virus Corona (ching méi) li dai dich toin cau. Mét trong nhimg bign phap phong ngira nguy co lay nhiém 1a thung xuyén rita tay bing dung [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Hi[CAU HOI THUC TE] dich rita tay khd. T6 chite ¥ 18 thé gidi da co huéng din ngudi dan tw pha ché nude rita tay kho voi Ivong ding la | lit ¢6 cng thire pha ché nhur sau: cOn (CHsOH) 96°: 830 ml ; oxi gia (H202) 3%: 40 ml ; chat X: 15 ml ; tinh dau: 5 ml ; née cat hoe nude dun s6i dé ngugi: 110 ml. a. Tinh phan trim thé tich cia C2HsOH trong dung dich thu duge sau khi pha trgn cdc nguyén ligu trén véi nhau. b, Trong nude rita tay kh6, X co tic dung gitr am, dudng da. Biét X 1 m6t ancol co céng thite tong quat Li C.H,(OH)» vi mt nguyén tir cacbon trong X chi c6 thé lién két t6i da mt nhém ~OH. Cho m gam X vao binh Na dur, sau khi két thie phan ing thay c6 3,36 lit khi Ho (dkte) thoat ra va khdi lrong binh tang 8,9 gam so véi ban dau. Néu dot chy hoan toan 0,1 mol X khéi lugng COs thu duge khéng vugt qua 22 gam. Tim cong thit 2. Khi $O> duege sinh ra do sy dat chay ede nhién ligw héa thech (than, dau, khi dt...) la nguyén nhén quan trong nhat gay 6 nhiém khéng khi. Tiéu chuan quoc té quy dink néu trong khéng khi nong do SO> vugt 30.10 mol/m' thi coi nhur khong khi bj 6 nhiém SOz. Khi tién hanh phan tich 50 lit khong khi & mét thanh phé cé chira 0,08 mg SO2. Hay cho biét thanh phd d6 cé bi 6 nhiém SOz khdng? 3. Nicotin li mét chat tim thay trong céc cay ho Ca (Solanaceae), chi yéu trong cay thude 14 (0,6 dén 3% trong lugng cay thud la khd). No ki mt chat déc than kinh rét manh, ¢6 thé khién gide ngi bi loan, nhire dau, chéng mit, c6 nguy co han ché dong mau chay lén no. Hinh duéi day cho thay céng thite cu tao thu gon ctia nicotin. Cau 8: Thi vio 10 chuyén Quang Ngai 2022 M6t logi xdng chia bon ankan c6 thanh phan s6 mol: 10% C7His; 50% CsHis; 30% Coll20; 10% CroH2>. a. Khi diing logi xang nay Lim nhién liéu cho mot loai déng co can tron Hn hoi xing véi mot long khéng khi vita di theo ti Ié thé tich nhu thé nao dé xng chy hoan toan thinh CO2 va HzO (cae thé tich khi do trong cling diéu kign nhigt 46 va dp sudt). Biét khong khi chtta 20% O2 va 80% N2 theo thé tich. b, Gia st: m6t xe may chay 100 km tiéu thy hét 1,794 kg xing noi trén. Hoi sau khi chay 100 km, chiéc xe may dé da tigu thy hét bao nhiéu lit O2 ciia khéng khi va thai ra mdi trudmg bao nhieu lit CO2 (dkte).. Cau 9: Thi vao 10 chuyén Son La 2022 Retinol, con duge ggi Li vitamin A, la m6t logi vitamin durge tim thay trong thyc phim va cé thé duge sir dung nhu mt chat b6 sung trong ché d6 an ung. Dét chy hoan toan 14,3 gam retinol can vira di 30,24 lit O» thu duge san pham chay gom H20 va 22,4 lit CO2. Cac khi do 6 dkte. a. dinh céng thite phan tir cua retinol, biét khéi lgng mol cua retinol 1i 286. b. Retinol tic dung véi Na sinh ra khi Ho. Trong retinol chifa nhm chife néo? C4u 10: Thi vao 10 }chuyén DHSP Ha Noi 2022 Nhém Li kim logi mau tring bac, mém, dé kéo sgi, dit mong, din dign va din nhigt t6t. Nhém c6 thé duge dit thanh gidy nhdm ding dé g6i thye phdm, Nhém va hgp kim ctia nhém c6 die tinh nhe, bén véi khong khi va nude, duge ding lim vat ligu ché tao may bay, oto, tén lira, tau vi tru, cée vat dung, trong cuge sing. 1, Miia hé nam ngoai, ban Tuan durgc bé me cho vé qué ngoai thim 6ng ba. Ba ngoai Tuan hay an trau nén da bao Tuan di xin mét it vdi tdi cua hang xom, Tuan da lay mét cai ca bang nhém dé dumg véi tdi May hém sau, khi ba ngoai Tuan mang v6i ra an trau thi thay ea bj thing va v6i bj chay ra hét ngoai. Em hay gitip Tuan giai thich tai sao ca bing nhém dung véi tai lai bi thing? 2. Mac di nhém Li mét kim loai kha hoat dng (chi sau kim logi kiém va kiém thd) nhung nhom vin duge diing dé ché tao cde dung cu nha bép nhu xoong, ndi...Hay gidi thich ngiin gon. 3. Dudi diy 1a so dé chuyén héa c6 sy tham gia cua nhém va hgp chat cua nhom: Al+HCI— A+ He A+G>D+E+H A+B+C>D+E A+NaOHu +B+C+E B+H+C+D+G Xe dinh cae chat A, B, C, D, E, G va H. Viét phuong trinh héa hge xay ra, 4. Trong ty nhién, nhOm ¢6 trong quing boxit. Quang boxit c6 chita AlzOs.2H20 tap chit Fes, SiO2...Dé san xuat nhOm, ngudi ta sé loai bo tap chat dé thu duge Al.Os, sau d6 tien hanh dign phan néng chay (dpne) véi dign cue dong (anot bing than chi) hén hgp gom Al20; va criolit theo phan tng sau: 2A1O; —Se"elit_, 4a] +302. Biét hign suat qué trinh dién phan la 90% va quang boxit chia 25% (vé khdi hrgng) tap chat khong chia nhom, a. Cho biét vai tro cua criolit trong qué trinh dign phan, b, Sau mét thai gian dién phan, nguai ta thay ce duong bi An mon va phai thay thé. Giai thich va viét phuong trinh héa hoe minh hoa [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI 26 |[CAU HOI THUC TE] c. Dé diéu ché duge 54 tin nhém thi can ding bao nhiéu tin quang boxit? HUONG DAN Cau 1: Thi vio 10 chuyén Lang Son 2022 1. SSO. + 2KMnO4 + 2H0 — K2SOs + 2Mn$O4 + 2H2SOs Ta e6: nSOz = 2,5.nKMnO, = 0,003125 — mS = 0,1 gam + %m$ = 0.1% < 0,3% nhién ligu nay duge phép str dung. 2. Ta co: mNaCl trong 300 gam dung NaCl 7 gam. 35,9 135,9 27 m Suy ra 5 > m=10,22 (g). Vay ching ta lay 10,22 gam dung dich NaCl bao hda 6 20°C sau 7 om d6 pha thém 300 — 10,22 = 289,78 ml nude cat vio dé thu duge 300 gam dung dich NaCI 0,9%. Cau 2: Thi yao 10 chuyén Lao Cai 2022 - Qua trinh dét chy hoan toan 1 mol metan toa ra 914,375 KJ theo phuong trinh héa hoc: CH +20; 4s Co, + 2120 ~- Mun nang | gam nuéc lén 1°C can tiéu ton 4,18 J va gia sir chi 80% long nhiét sinh ra kim ting nhigt do cha nude. Huéng din a. Ca(HCOs)2 "> CaCO3 + CO» + 20 Mg(HCOs)2 —"- MgCOs + CO2 + H20 2CH:COOH im in) + CACOs + (CH3COO):Ca + CO: + 120 2CHsCOOH i as) + BaCOs —» (CHsCOO)2Ba + COz + H20 b. Dé ho lo khi NH; ta co thé thu khi Cle mot cdich don gidin, néu ding dung dich NaOH hode KBr thi qui trinh phite tap hon, vai nude voi trong thi phai vé sinh lai phong thi nghi¢m. Nhung vi long nho Ch du thira trong éng dan khi, 6ng nghiém ngu6i ta sir dung dung dich NaOH hod Ca(OH): sé nhanh gon, don gidn hon. ¢. Lugng nhigt dé dun 1 lit nude tir 30" 1én 100° ta: 1000.4,18 | 80% = Cau 3: Thi vio 10 chuyén Ninh Binh 2022 V6i t6i 14 Ca(OH): sé lam giim lugng HCOOH trong nge ong nén ché ong dit sé dé dau hon 2HCOOH + Ca(OH); — (HCOO):Ca + 2H20 - Trimg mudi dya trén hién tugng héa hoc dong tu protein, x ~ Vi 6 mhigt d6 cao (NH4)2COs s@ phan hay than khi va hoi lam cho banh tr6 nén xp (NHs)2COs —*-> 2NHs + CO: + H20 [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI | 27 |[CAU HOI THUC TE] Céu 4: Thi vio 10 chuyén Ngh¢ An 2022 Mg + CO: > MgO + Chan SiO nn) + 4HF — SiFy + 2H20 2HoS + 302 2802 + 2H20 AF e(HCOs)2 + O2 + 2H20 + 4Fe(OH)a¢in) + 8CO2 Cau 5: Thi yao 10 chuyén Pha Yén 2022 1. Cas(PO.)s + 4HsPO, —> 3Ca(H2POs)> Cax(PO4)2 + 2280s + Ca(HePO.)> + 2CaSO+ CaCO; +2HsPOs—+ Ca(H:POs): + COr + HO CaCOs + HoSO4— CaSOs + CO: + HO CaF + 2H3POs — Ca(H2PO.)> + 2HF (CaF2 + H2SOs — CaSOz + 2HF Cée phan tng thudng duge thye hign trong diéu kign dudi 60°C dé dm bio d9 bén cia thach cao séng CaSO4.2H20 trong phan bon, Ngoai ra can c6 hé théng hit khi d6c HF dé tranh khi HF thoat ra gay 6 nhiém méi trudng. 2. Qua trinh san xuat hao hut 5% nén higu swat dat 95%, 2Cax(PO4)2 + 6SiO2 > 6CaSiOs + PrOro POi0 + LOC + 10CO + Py 1.2.142 Ham lugng P2Os trong quing photphorit=—“—__ = 26, 787% tong PaOs trong qudng Phowwhorit= 751 95.9 ‘ 1.10.12 Ham lugng C trong than ede da ding = =~ = 67,912% me = 431 95%.1,5 CAu 6: Thi vio 10 chuyén Quang Nam 2022 1. a, CTHH cia X: NaCl b. 2NaCl + 2H,0 —#edaming ne, NAOH + Ha + Clr NaCI + AgNO; — NaNOs + AgCl 2Na + Cl: > 2NaCl NaOH + HCI — NaCl + H30 z, Céu 7: Thi vio 10 chuyén Quang Ninh 2022 1a, 830(m)| SOHO. = P88 190% =79,68% a. $30(mD 0 :33,2(ml) canon = 999 “100% =» . "CO MoH(ancol) =2ny, =03 So ex ny “ b. X| a ——*X 5X: C,H, (OH), > HOCH, CH(OH)CH,OH Manco = binh tang *OH = 9,2 Inso, =1,25.10°° > : 5 576 hig 10° mol/ m* <3.10-* mol/m 1.25.10" 50 =2,5.10 “(mol /1) Cus, 3. CTPT nicotin: CioHisN> — %mN = 28 : 162 = 17,284% Céu 8: Thi vio 10 chuyén Quing Ngai 2022 a. CrHis + 1102 + 7CO2 + 8H20, CsHig + 12,502 + 8CO2 + 9H20 Colao + 1402 +» 9CO2+ 10H20—_Ciol22 + 15,502 > 10CO: + 11H:0 Dé don gian bai todn ma khéng thay d4i tinh hudng, ta gia str CyHj6: 1 mol 1 5 CrHig !CgHis > 0,'5! > KK — Ti le thé tich (khéng khi : hoi xdng) = 65,5, 30H! (CyHag 3CyoHay Ico,!26 Ve b. [CoHie ICH 17948) ja=15 (mol) > ICyHy9** 3CigHoo* Josie > Yo, SAL Ol) C4u 9: Thi yao 10 chuyén Son La 2022 2822,4 (I) | STS, H,0:0,75 C:H:0=neo, #2y,0 Mo a. ~ > - 4 SOO perna 10:08. [> A!(Cay Hyg), Yon = 1 > A:CygH yg b. Retinol téc dung véi Na sinh ra khi ma retinol c6 10 nén chita nhom chite -OH Céu 10: Thi vio 10 chuyén DHSP Ha N@i 2022 1, Ca bang nh6m thi lp bén ngoai li mang Al:0; va phia trong 1a kim loai Al, ea hai bj an mon nhanh chong boi voi t6i Ca(OH)s. [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Bl[CAU HOI THUC TE] 2Al + Ca(OH): + HO — Ca(AlO2)2 + 3H2 A203 + Ca(OH): >, Ca(A102)2 + H20 2. Mae dit nhém La kim loai khé hoat déng nhung nhom van duge sir dung ché tao xoong, noi vi lop ngoai cia cde vat dung c6 1ép 40 Al2Os bén ving, ngan eich nhom véi sy An mon héa hgc cia mdi trudng bén ng ém, dé kéo sgi, dat méng, dan dién va dan nhiét tot. lA: AICI, r B:NaAlO, |D: Al(OH), |G:NaHCO, (1) 2Al + 6HCI > 2AICLs + 3He (2) AICls + NaHCOs > AI(OH)3 + NaCl + CO2 (3) AICh + NaAlO) + H2O — AK(OH); + NaCl (4) AICI; + NaOHgy — NaCl + NaAlO) + H20 (5) NaA102 + CO> + H30 — NaHCOs + AI(OH)s 4. a. Vai trd clia criolit trong qua trinh dign phan : ting d6 din dign cia AlsO3 néng chay (ting higu suit dién phan), giam nhiét d6 ctia hé (bao ting tudi tho trang thiét bi phan), ngan cach dé bao vé Al néng cl b. Duong cye lam bang than chi (graphit), sau mét thai gian phan itng véi khi O> thoat ra do dign phan nén bi an mon din: C+: "5 CO: C+ CO: “> 200. . Quang boxit chita 25% tap chat tro khdng ehita nhm nén chira 75% Ia Al23.2H20 3H:CO, Dé diéu ché 54 tén Al can khé = 204,44 (tn). Céu 1: Thi vio 10 chuyén TPHCM 2022 a. Dé danh gid mét phan img dién ra nhanh hay chim ngudi ta ding khai niém téc 46 phan tmg. Téc 46 trung binh ciia phan ting (Vra) thudng duge xac dinh bang d6 bién thién ndng d6 mol ciia mot trong cae chat phan tng hoae san phim trong mt don vj thdi gian (gidy), Xét phan img héa hoc: Br. + HCOOH —> 2HBr + COs, Nong dé ban dau ciia Br> 14 0,012M, sau 50 gidy thi ndng d9 Br2 con lai 1a 0,01M. Tinh t6e d6 trung binh cua phan img trén (theo Br2) trong thei gian 50 gidy. b, Két qua the nghigm cho thay cit ting thém 10° thi toc d6 phan ing sé tang lén y Lin, y c6 gid tri tir 2. dén 4, Vi dy: trong m@t phan img héa hoe, mdi khi tng nhigt d6 1én 10°C thi téc 46 phan tng ting 3 Jan nén khi ting nhiét 46 tir 30° 1én 60° thi téc 46 phan ing tang lén 27 lan. Hoi téc 46 phan img hoa hoc ting Ién bao nhiéu Lan néu ting nhigt d6 tir 20” lén 170°, biét ring khi ting nhigt do len 25° thi te 6 phan tg tang 3 lan. CAu 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén Tuyén Quang 2022 Mét loai dé quy ¢6 tén La Bach ngoc (Nephrite) c6 cng thie xCa0.yMgO.pSiO2. thi nghigm sau dé xéc dinh cng thite cua Bach nggc. Thi nghiém 1: lay 8,1 gam Bach ngoc dem nung dén khdi long khéng déi thay chat rin giam 0,18 gam Thi nghiém 2: lay 4,05 gam mot Bach ngoc cho vio 100 ml dung dich HCI 1M, thu duge 2.4 gam chat rn khong tan, Lge tich két tha, thém bot Fe vira di vao dung dich loc thu duge 336 ml khi (dkte). Xée dinh c6ng thite cua Bach ngoc. Tra Vinh 2022 Nhiét d6 thing voi mdi tdi c6 thé lén dén 150°C va c6 pH = 13,1. Trong dip tét, ban Hai gid quét v6i tuéng rio nhung ching cae giot ban trong qué trinh t6i v mt phuong phap so eitu ma em cho 1a e6 higu qua nhat dé gitp ban Hai. Giai thich ly do Iya chon phuong phap d6. Cfiu 4: Thi yao 10 chuyén Tra Vinh 2022 0. Tién hin hai HUGNG DAN Cfiu 1: Thi yao 10 chuyén TPHCM 2022 =_AC _0,012-0,01 a ye SE, 2012-001 t 50 ing lén 25” thi van téc tng 3 | =4.10°°(M/s) b. Khi Céu 2: Thi vao 10 chuyén Tuyén Quang 2022 Dong nhat dit kign hai thi nghiém bang cach chia dit kién TN; cho 2. [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Bi[CAU HOI THUC TE] TN): khéi lugng rn giam 1d nude, MH20 = 0,09 + nH20 = 0,005 > Mager ngoc = 810 TN2: Cho Fe vao ¢6 0,015 mol Hz nén nHClas = 0,03 + nHClps = 0,07 va mSiO; = 2,4 + nSiO2 = 0,04 (0,005p = 0,04 x =2 xCaO.yMgO.pSiO,.H,0 ->|0,005(x+y)=0,035 > 0.05 [56x +40y + 60p+18=810 C4u 3: Thi vao 10 chuyén Tra Vinh 2022 Khi bj bong v6i dé so ettu thi. . . , . + Bude dau tién: can x6i nude 10 — 30° vao vi tri vét bong, gap cac di vat, cat bé quan do dinh bam trén ving da bi bong . . + Bude thir hai: trung hoa voi (dung dich kiém) bing céch dung dich axit loang nhu: gidm an (2 ~ 5%); nude chanh loang, axit boric: 2CH1COOH iim in) + Ca(OH)> (CHxCOO)>Ca + 2120 — 2Ca0.5Mg0.8Si0,.H,0 Bach neoe p= [THAY DO KIEN — 0948206996] — HA NOI Bi