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CHEMISTRY (KIMIA)

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S I J I L T I N G G I PERSEKOLAHAN M A L A Y S I A

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CONFIDENTIAL*

Question Ka)(i) PV = nRT

Details 500 x 10 x 20.0 x 10" = (1.5 + x + 1.2) X 8.31 x298 X= 1.3 Or

X = 500 X IO 3 X 2Q.Q X iO' 3
3 3

Mark Awarded 1 1 1

8.31 x 298 = 1.3 1(a){ii) , g I' 5 , x500. 188 kPa 1.5 + 1.3 + 1.2 N : 1 s22s22p3
>M "

1{b)(i) 1{b){ii)

olf

OX

N " * N* 0H
Ot

1(c)(i)

Relative molecular mass of propanorie is higher, therefore stronger Van der Waa!s forces of attractions exist between molecules compared to the ether. Ether: sp3 Propanone : sp , sp
3 2

1 1 1 1

1(c)(ii)

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Questiori 2(a) (i)

Details The standard electrode potential is the potential difference between the standard hydrogen efectrode and other electrode systems with the concentration of1.0 M at 1 atm I under standard conditions

Mark Awarded 1 t

2(a) (ii)

S2O8 2"

2e 2l

^ ^

2S0/I2 2S0/' + 2e + I2
>

1
^J

S 2 O 8 2-

2T ^

2(a) (iii)

Pt(s) / l"(aq), I2 {aq) // S2O0 2" (aq) , SO42' (aq) / Pt{s)

2{a) (iv) 2 (b) (i)

E0cell

= +2.01 V - (+0.54 V ) = +1.47 V Q: solid &liquid T : Gas R: liquid

1 4-5 correct:2m 2-3 correct:1m

P: solid S: liquid & gas

2 (b) (ii) 2 (b) (iii)

Density of solid W is lower than liquid W. The melting point decrease with increase in pressure

1 1

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Question 3 (a) (i) 3 (a) (ii) ' ^ f l P f R.M.Mof Pbl2 = 461, ~

Details "

Mark Awarded 1

concentration of Pbl2 in water =0.46 g dm"3 The concentration of the Iead ion = 0.46/461 = 9.978X 10"1 moi dm'3 =10.0X10" 4 mol drn"3

3 (a) (iii)

The concentration ofthe iodide ion = 2 X [ Pb2+] = 2 X 9.978 X 10^ = 1.996 X 10"3 moldnT3 = 2.0X10" 3 mol dm'3

3 (a) (iii)

K,p = [ P b 2 t ] [ l f =[ 9.978X 10^ ][ 1.996 X 10"3]2 = 3.975 X 10"9 mol 3dm"9 = 4.0 X 10"9 mol 3dm"9 1 1 1 1 1

3{b) {i) 3 {b) <ii) 3 (b) (iii)

Nitrogen monoxide gas, NO 3Cu(s) + 8HN03(aq) ^3Cu(N0 3 ) 2(aq) + 2NO (g) + 4H 2 O w Brown gas : nitrogen dioxide ,NO2 2NO<g, + 0 2 ( g ) ~ 2N0 2(g) Colourless Brown gas gas

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Question ___ 4a(i) Acid-base reaction Amine functional group

Details

Mark Awarded 1 1

<ii)

Functional group : Typeofreaction :

Ester hydrolysis

1 1

Structural Formula:

CH3

N: / CH2 \ CH2

Cft^ C

^H

<0>
Z " Z ^ A 4(b) (i) OD (iii) Reflux Nucleophilic substitution
%f)

COO- Na+

C 2 H 5 OH

t 1 1 1 1 1

Step 1 - magnesium and dry ether Step 2 - CH3CHO followed by di!ute acid Sodium / PCI5 / SOCl2 / PCI3

_.

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Question 5(a)

Detai!s H 2 C0 3 (aq) * HCCV{aq) + hT(aq)

Mark Awarded

In the presence of acid, HCO3-(aq) + H f ( a q ) * = t H 2 C0 3 (aq) Carbonic acid being unstable, decompose to CO2 and H2O In the presence of alkaii, H2CQ3(ag) + OH"(aq) 4 HC03"(aq) + H2O(I) 5(b) Shape - 1 m ^ _ ^

p H

Equivalence point

Label - 1m End point < 7 - 1 m

I O

1}

.i J ^ W S

< S 5 9

V&hfme<tfKCI ntliit(lfcm'

Hydrolysis of NH4* ions in water, thus is acidic NH4+ + H 2 O ^=dfe- NH3 + H3O+ 5(c) (i) Ig k = Ig A pH<7

2.3037? I T

^ * L = J k J j L * L k2 2.303^7 T1

unsubstituted

(ii)

Substituting k, = 1.63 x 10"3, T 1 = 303 k 2 = 4.75 x 10"4 , T2 = 293 E a = 9.10 x 104 J or 91.0kJ Rate = ^CO(CH 2 COOH) 2 ] Time = 0.693 l.63xlO" 3 = 425 s

substituted

(iii)

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Question 6(a)
y* Ch

Details

Mark Awarded 4 correct: 2 m 3 correct: 1 m

<g)

+m

> ei(g)
-364

AH 4
T

Cl"(aq) < "

381

cr(g) 1 1

AH4 = +121+(- 364) +{ -381) = 121- 364 -381 = -624 kJ AH4 very exothermic, Cl?is a very strong oxidising agent, itself reduced easily . ' _ rT^ ^-

1 1 1 1

6(b)(i)

Critical temperature of CH 4 <

NH 3 < H 2 O

- CH4 has weak Van der Waals forces of attraction between molecules, - NH3 and steam has strong H-bonding - H-bonding in water is stronger than in ammonia - the stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction , the more energy is required to overcome them, thus the critical temperature is higher.

1 1
1

08

-Energy is required to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction, - energy is drawn from the surroundings, temperature drop -ideal gas has negligible intermolecular forces of attraction - expansion of ideal gas does not require energy to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction

1
1 1 1

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Question 7(a)(i) AH1

Details =. Atomisation enthalpy of magnesium

Mark Awarded I I I

AH2 = First ionisation energy of magnesium AH7 = Lattice energy of magnesium oxide

(ii)

AHf

=AH 1 +AH 2

+AH 3 +AH 4 +AH 5 +AH 6 + AH7

I I I

= +150+{+ 736)+{ + 1450)+(+ 950) +(-3889) = - 603 kJ/mol

The charge of Mg 2+ ion and Ba 2+ ion are the same but the size of the Mg + ion is smaller compared to the Ba z + ion Lattice energy = GUQ_ r+ +r. Sop Lattice energy of MgO > BaO

1 I

(iii)

b{i)

- CFCs can cause depletion of ozone layer - because they are unreactive initiation step: CCI2F2 w

> CClF2 + * C I

Propagation step : Cl + O3 ~ > C I O * + O 2 CIO- + O > Cl + O2 Net reaction : 20 3 -~> 30 2 (ii) Hydrofluorocarbon, HFC Will not release damaging chlorine free radicals into the atmosphere OR C-H bor.ds will break down before they reach stratosphere

1 1

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Question 8(a)(i) With cold NaOHfaq)

Details

Mark Awarded

-Chlorine undegoes disproportionation reaction in cold NaOH{aq) to form NaCI and NaCIO. 0 -1 +1 Cl2 + 2NaOH ^ NaCI + NaCIO + H2O -Chlorine oxidised to NaCIO and reduced to NaCI.The NaCl and NaCIO produced are sodium salts and have no chlorine smell. With hot NaOHfaq) -Chlorine undegoes disproportionation reaction in hot NaOH{aq) to form NaCI and NaCIO3. O -1 +5 3CI2 + 6NaOH ^ 5NaCI + NaCIO3 + 3H 2 0 Chlorine oxidised to NaClO3 and reduced to NaCI.The NaCl and NaCIO3 produced are sodium salts and have no chlorine smell. 8(a)(ii) - Fluorine is highly electronegative element.HF has the highest h.p because hydrogen bonding exist between HF molecules. - Hydrogen bonding does not exist in HCI,HBr and Hl because Cl j Br and I atoms are not highly electronegative. - b.p increases from HC! to Hl becausethe molecular size increases from HCI to HI. -The larger the molecular size, the stronger the Van der Waals forces of attraction between the molecules and the higher the b.p.

1 1 1

1 1 (max 5m)

1 1

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8(b)(i)

Formuia of X is [Cr (H2O)4 Cl2]+. Cf" .2H 2 0 ~ Geometric (or cis-trans) isomerism

8(b)(ii)

trans-tetraaquadichlorochromium(lll) ion

cis-tetraaquadichlorochromium{ll[) ion 1

Question 9(a)

Details

Mark Awarded r~

~ Optical isomerism occurs in compounds with the same structural formula but differ in their effect on plane-polarised light. - Optical isomers contain a chira! carbon, - Are nonsuperimposabie or mirror images to one another, - Rotate the plane of plane-polarised light in opposite direction but to the same degree.
89

1 1

OH CH3 C CH2CH3 t H

1 (max 3 marks)

(b)

Since X gives white fumes with PCI5, X is an a!cohol. X gives a give yellow precipitates with a!ka!ine iodine shows that X has structure . CH3CH(OH)R Hence X is 1-phenylethanol. CHXH(OH)C g H i Equations : CH 3 CH(OH)C 6 H 5 + PCI5 X > CH 3 CH(Cl)C 6 H 5 HCl + POCl3
White fumes

I !

I + I

CH 3 CH(OH)C 6 H 5 + *I 2 + 6Na OH" *

v

CHI3 +

yellow precipitate

C 6 H 5 COONa + 5NaI + 5H 2 0
Excess H5SO4

CH 3 CH(OH)C 6 H 5 X

CH 2 -CH(C 6 H 5 ) + Y H2O

X undergo dehydration to form Y, phenylethene, CPb=CHC 6 H 5

j 1 (7) _____

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(c)

- A and B are aromatic compounds, highly unsaturated^ - A i s a pheno! - B contains - O H group and the structure OH I CH 3 -CI H - 4-ethylaniline reacts with nitrous acid to produce A - bromobenzene reacts with Mg/dry ether to produce a Grignard reagent The Grignard reagent then reacts with ethanal to produce a 2 alcohol, B 1

A :

OH I

CH2CH3

s :

OH I CHCH 3

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Question 10(a)(i)

Details < ^ 0 ^ C H 2 C H 2 N H 2 t HCI HP < ^5 ^ C H 2 C H 2 N H 3 + C I ~

Mark Awarded 1

< ^ 3 ^ C H 2 C O N H 2 + HCI + H 2 O ^ < ^ O ^ C H , C O O H

+ NH4CI

(N)

Reagents used - sodium hydroxide Conditions - reflux Observations R - no visible reaction

\ J

1 1 1 1 1 1

S - gas with a characteristic smell, NH 3 , given off. 10(b)

Step I - KCN / ethanol, reflux Step ll-HCJ, reflux Step III - PCI5 or SOCI2 A: 8: CH3CH2CH2CN O ^ O y - O-C-CH2CH2CH3

~^m~~

< S ^ " >

W$

<^"
C2H5OH / Conc H 2 SO 4 , reflux
*

< S >

-COOC2Hs 1 1

Step 1 - oxidation of methylbenzene Reagent - KMnO4 and H2SO4 Condition - reflux Step 2 - esterification Reagent - ethanoi and a concentrated H2SO4 condition- reflux

1 I 1

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