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CATEGORIES OF ISLAMIC LAWS

FARD (compulsory) Law established through absolute proof

WAAJIB (compulsory) Law established through a lesser strength proof

SUNNAT (practice of Prophet s)

MUSTAHAB or NAFL (Liked or optional) Act which brings reward if done, but no sin if omitted

HARAAM (prohibited) Law established through absolute proof. Sinful to neglect & to deny it is kufr

MAKROOH (disliked)

MUBAH Act of which brings no reward if done & no punishment if omitted

Sinful to neglect it without a valid reason

Fard e Ain Compulsory upon all individuals. Sin to neglect & to deny it is kufr

Fard e Kifaaya Waived from rest if one or two people do it, but if no-one performs it, all will be sinful

Sunnate Muakkadah Act of Prophet s which he ALWAYS performed & never omitted. Extremely disliked to neglect it without a valid reason

Sunnate ghair Muakkadah Act of Prophet s which he performed most of the time & omitted some times. Not sinful if omitted but earns great reward if done

Makhrooh e Tahrimi (close to forbidden) Law established through proof of a lesser degree Sinful to neglect it without a valid reason

Makhrooh e Tanzeehi (disliked to a lesser degree) Law that warrants no punishment if acted on, but one will be rewarded for abstaining from it

TYPES OF CHARITY (SADAQAH)

FARDH (compulsory)

SADAQAH-e-NAFL (Voluntary expenditure made for Allah for which the following two terms are generally used)

SADAQAH-e-WAAJIB (compulsory) These are of 4 types

ZAKAT Is the obligation on a sane, adult Muslim to pay 2 % of the wealth he owns if it reaches the value of Nisaab or more ( in the form of cash/business shares, gold/silver, business assets etc) and is in his possession for one complete lunar year. Recipients: only to Muslims. For details of recipients see Tasheelul Fiqh No. 8 p121. Nisaab for Zakat is 612.36 grams of silver or wealth equivalent to that value. (nisaab for gold is 87.48 grams) (See Mufti Rafees Zakat book pg 8-11 for details & Mufti Faruqs Ramadhaan to Hajj book pg17) MANNAT It is when a vow is taken to give a specific amount in charity if a certain task is accomplished. Recipients: Same as for zakat.

SADAQAH This is charity given voluntarily which is not of a waajib nature i.e. voluntary sadaqah given with intention of warding off difficulties, before a journey etc. Recipients: May be given to Muslims, non-Muslims, rich, poor, friends or family and for the Deen of Allah as described for Lillah

LILLAH This is voluntary charity given for the upliftment of humanity or the Deen of Allah S i.e. building Masjid, madrassah, their maintenance, purchasing. Islamic literature, payment of salaries etc, digging wells, building hospitals etc.

SADAQAH-e- FITR Is compulsory on every Muslim who has sufficient basic needs for himself and his dependants for the day of Eid-ul-Fitr and after deducting debts he possesses wealth equivalent to nisaab for that day. Recipients: Poor & needy Muslims. Not ones parents, grandparents, children or grandchildren. Amount: 1.633 kg of wheat or 3.266kg of barley or the market value of 1.633kg of wheat.

KAFFAARAH Is a penalty to compensate for a fast of Ramadaan broken without a valid sharee reason. Penalty is to fast for 60 consecutive days, but if unable to do so due to severe illness, to give two meals to 60 people OR to give the equivalent thereof in cash or kind.

FIDYAH A permanently ill or old person who cannot fast has to give fidyah as compensation for missed fasts. It is also given for missed salaat of a deceased person. Recipients: Same as for zakat Amount: Same as for Fitrah for each fast or salat