RENEWABLE ENERGY (FCB 40702) ASSIGNMENT 1

PREPARED FOR: MR. ALOYSIUS

PREPARED BY: MOHD NURUL IMRAN BIN MUSTAFFA ACIR7 (50206209246) MUHAMAD ZULHILMI BIN AZIZAN ACIR 7 (50206209055)

How to Design the Energy Efficient House Introduction The design and build of a new home is a great opportunity to incorporate all of the very best energy efficient technologies and design features. Most things can be done retrospectively but it is often cheaper and easier, and causes less disruption, to deal with it at the build stage. When designing energy efficient home its important to consider all of the ways in which energy is consumed. That includes heating, lighting, cooking, appliances and washing. You also need to think about how energy is wasted or used unnecessarily. Step to Design Energy Efficient House. Step 1 Climate Research the climate where the home will be built before you start to design. Take into account weather extremes and the length of the seasons when designing your energy-efficient home, as this will help you determine whether your future home needs to focus more on being heated or cooled. Performing research on the building site will also help you discover what heating and cooling systems are most advantageous, and may also help you determine the most cost-effective way to construct the house. The characteristic features of the climate of Malaysia are uniform temperature, high humidity and copious rainfall. Winds are generally light. Situated in the equatorial doldrum area, it is extremely rare to have a full day with completely clear sky even during periods of severe drought. On the other hand, it is also rare to have a stretch of a few days with completely no sunshine except during the northeast monsoon seasons. Being an equatorial country, Malaysia has uniform temperature throughout the year. The annual variation is less than 2C except for the east coast areas of Peninsular Malaysia which are often affected by cold surges originating from Siberia during the northeast monsoon. Even there, the annual variation is less than 3C. The daily range of temperature is large, from 5C to 10C at the coastal stations and from 8 C to 12C at the inland stations. Excessive high day temperatures which are found in continental tropical areas are never experienced here. Although the days are frequently hot, the nights are reasonably cooling everywhere. Although the seasonal and spatial temperature variations are relatively small, they are nevertheless fairly definite and are worthy of mention. Over the whole Peninsula, there is a definite variation of temperature during the monsoons and this is accentuated in the east coast states. April and May are the months with the highest average monthly temperature in most places and December and January are the months with the lowest

average monthly temperature. The average daily temperature in most districts to the east of the Main Range is lower than that of the districts in the west of the Main Range. The differences in the average values in the east and the west are due almost entirely to the low day temperatures experienced in the eastern districts during the northeast monsoon as a result of rain and greater cloud cover. In Kuala Terengganu, for example, the day temperature rarely reaches 32C during the northeast monsoon and often not reaching 27C. A number of occasions have been recorded on which the temperature did not rise above 24C which is quite frequently the lowest temperature reached during the night in most areas. Night temperatures do not vary to the same extent, the average usually being between21C to 24 C. Individual values can fall much below this at nearly all stations, the coolest nights commonly followed some of the hottest days.

Step 2 Orientate the Building So That It Is North/South Facing Having a south facing roof is important to get the most out of solar panels, which are an important element of an energy efficient house as they can produce a lot of the electricity your property needs without any carbon emissions or fuel costs. As well as being good for solar panels though, a north/south orientation will give the south facing side of the house an even amount of light and heat from the sun throughout the day. You should therefore think about which side your lounge, which is the room you are likely to spend the most time in, will be on. Facing your lounge south will mean it gets more free heat and light from the sun and youll not need to rely on artificial heat and light as much. Facing bedrooms north will help keep them cool in summer and mean there is less need use fans or to open windows at night (which could make the rest of the house too cold). It will also mean they will stay darker later in the summer months meaning your sleep is less likely to be disturbed. The home should be orientated and located on a block to maximise the amount of sunlight it receives. When selecting a block of land consider:

the size, orientation and slope of the block to maximise sunlight entry tree coverage and height to avoid too much shading height and proximity of surrounding buildings to avoid overshadowing.

Variations on house orientation can occur if the house can't be located facing north, up to 30 degrees east or 20 degrees west of true north. In these cases extra shading may need to be considered for summer.

To prevent overshading from neighbours to the north, allow a set back of:

six metres from a single storey home 11 metres from a double storey home.

Step 3 Insulation Increase the R-value of the home with insulation. Make sure that the ceiling has been covered with an R-value of at least 50 to prevent heat from entering. Installing insulation in your home will help to:

prevent heat from entering your home in summer reduce your need for heating and cooling appliances Reduce your heating and cooling related costs and greenhouse gas emissions.

Types of insulation There are two main types of insulation:

bulk insulation Reflective insulation.

Some insulation products use a combination of both bulk and reflective foil to achieve their insulating effect. Bulk insulation Bulk insulation is the most common type of insulation used to insulate walls and ceilings. It is usually made from:

fibreglass mineral wool or rockwool synthetic fibre Sheeps wool.

These products come in two forms:

blankets - long rolls of insulation that must be cut to fit into place batts - pre-cut lengths of insulation.

Blankets usually come with a moisture barrier, foil or plain paper backing while batts can come with or without backing. Batts are a common choice when there is easy access to the space needing insulation. Loose fill insulation Loose fill insulation is another form of bulk insulation. It has no backing and is pumped into a wall cavity or roof space. Loose fill insulation is one of the fastest and easiest forms of insulation to install. It can easily fit into areas where blankets or batts may be difficult to install. Loose fill material includes:

mineral wool Cellulose fibre.

Cellulose fibre is made from recycled paper that has been chemically treated to resist fire, rot and vermin. Use a water resistant grade of loose fill to insulate external cavity walls. Rigid insulation Rigid insulation comes in pre-cut boards that are primarily used in new home construction. They are ideal for insulating:

raked or cathedral ceilings solid brick external walls under wooden floors Around concrete slabs.

To be effective, rigid insulation needs to be installed with a tight seal between boards. Reflective foil insulation Reflective foil insulation reflects radiant heat reducing the amount that enters the home. Reflective foil only affects heat transfer in one direction. To prevent heat from escaping, the home reflective foil insulation is often bonded with batts or plasterboard to provide insulation benefits in both directions. Reflective foil insulation can act as a water proofing membrane under a roof and as a moisture barrier for roofs and walls. Reflective foil is available in:

single layered form Multi-layered form - an air pocket between layers provides extra insulating benefit.

If installing single layered reflective foil insulation under a tiled or metal roof, bulk insulation may still be needed at ceiling level to achieve a good level of insulation through all seasons. Reflective insulation requires an air layer of at least 25 mm next to the shiny surface in order for it to insulate effectively.

Insulation R-values What is an insulation R-value? The insulation R-value is a measure of a material's resistance to heat transfer. The higher the R-value the higher the level of insulation. Bulk insulation will show one material R-value which refers to the insulating value of the product alone. Reflective insulation R-values can differ depending on the direction of heat flow through the product:

Up R-value - resistance to heat flow upwards (sometimes known as winter Rvalues) Down R-value - resistance to heat flow downwards (sometimes known as summer R-values).

Both R-values should be quoted when installing reflective insulation. Comparing insulation performance Use the R-value to compare the performance of insulation material. If two different types of material have the same R-value they will perform equally.

Step 4 Ventilation Control the ventilation. While a house with a sealed thermal envelope is more energy efficient, it also lacks ventilation coming in from the outside. This ventilation is needed to maintain the temperature for this house and to make a good indoor air quality. So, this house cannot be a sick building.

ROOF

AIR REGISTER AIR IN AIR OUT WALL SIDE VIEW

Step 5 Landscaping Landscaping can help to maintain comfortable temperatures around your home. Breezes entering your home will be cooler if they have passed through gardens or courtyards that have shade, ponds, shrubs and lawn. The layout of your garden can also be used to screen or direct breezes. Install some tree and grass to give a calm environment. a. Tree such as Hujan-hujan trees (Samanea saman) can make the environment calm and cold.

b. Grass such as carpet grass can make environment calm and cold. It also can absorb the reflection of heat from sun.

Step 6 Window Size and location Ideally all north facing windows should be full length to allow the heat from the winter sun in. East and west facing sides should have a minimum area of glass or none at all. Sunlight shining directly on north, east and west facing windows produces the same amount of heat per square meter as a one bar radiator. As a general guide, the total window area should be less than 25% of the total floor area of the house. A guide to the percentage of window area to wall area for each direction is:

north facing - 60% south facing - 30% east facing - 15% West facing - 0-7%.

House energy rating software considers a range of design features when assessing the overall energy efficiency rating of the home and can provide more accurate proportions. The measurement of how well a window or other glazed surface can prevent heat from entering the house is its R-value. A higher R-value means less heat is transferred through the glass. The inverse of the R-value is called the U-value which measures how well heat flows through the glass. A lower U-value means less heat will flow through the glass. Another measurement that is given with windows is the solar heat gain coefficient. This number represents the percentage of heat that enters the home from direct sunlight. A lower number represents more direct sunlight being reflected away from the glass and less entering the home.

Selection of window must correct. Use the high efficiency window.