Di Hoc o My

If you want to
study
in the
united States
Cun 1: Hc i hc
Li nh xut bn
LI nh xut bn
Hoa K l nc c nn gio dc tin tin trn th gii, nn gio dc c sc ht mnh m khng ch hc sinh, sinh vin, nghin cu sinh Vit Nam m vi nhiu quc gia khc. Trong xu th ton cu ha, hp tc quc t m rng trn nhiu lnh vc ngoi giao, kinh t, gio dc... nhiu bn tr Vit Nam mun tm hiu v nn gio dc Hoa K, nm bt cc thng tin v c hi hc tp nh du hc ngn hn, chng trnh hc ting, hc i hc, cao hc v nghin cu chuyn ngnh, hc ngh v k thut...
Vic km theo trang Web hay n phm trong quyn sch ny ch nhm mc ch cung cp thm thng tin, ch khng ng ngha vi vic B Ngoi giao Hoa K khuyn ngh hay thng qua. y ch l danh sch cc trang Web v cc n phm c chn ra, do khng nn xem y l mt danh sch y . The translation and publication of this book in the Vietnamese language were made possible through the financial support of the Public Affairs Section, Embassy of the United States of America in Hanoi. Sch c dch v xut bn bng ting Vit vi s ng v h tr v ti chnh ca Phng Thng tin - Vn ha i s qun Hoa K ti Vit Nam.
c s hp tc tch cc ca Phng Thng tin - Vn ha, i s qun Hoa K, Nh xut bn Thanh Nin xut bn tip 3 tp trong b sch hu ch thit thc: Nu bn mun du hc Hoa K, vi nhng thng tin chnh xc v tin cy: Tp 1. Hc i hc Tp 3. Du hc ngn hn, chng trnh hc ting Anh, hc t xa v kim nh Tp 4. Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K. Xin trn trng gii thiu cng bn c!
Nh xut bn Thanh nin
Nu bn mun du hc Hoa K
li ni u
K, cc thng tin v quy trnh cp chng ch v bng cp cho nhng ngi chuyn nghip mun hc ln cao hay mun hnh ngh Hoa K.
LI ni u
Hc i hc l mt trong s bn cun sch do B Ngoi giao Hoa K pht hnh nhm cung cp nhng li khuyn khch quan v thc t v vic hc Hoa K cho cc hc gi v nhng sinh vin quc t c trin vng. Cc bn c th download c bn cun sch ny t trang Web: http://educationusa.state.gov v ly cc bn copy ca quyn mt, hai v ba cc trung tm t vn v thng tin gio dc trn ton th gii (xem trang 14 tm c trung tm gn ni bn nht).
B sch 4 quyn ny bao gm:
3. Du hc ngn hn, chng trnh hc ting Anh, hc t xa v kim nh:

Thng tin v cc c hi hc Hoa K trong vng mt nm v khi qut v vic hc ly bng cp hay chng ch t bn ngoi nc Hoa K thng qua cc chng trnh gio dc t xa. Cun sch ny cn c cc thng tin chi tit v kim nh cht lng cc trng i hc Hoa K.
4. Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K:

Gip bn ln k hoch tng bc n Hoa K sau khi bn c nhn vo hc mt trng i hc hay cao ng. Cun sch ny cung cp cho bn nhng li khuyn qu gi t vic np n xin th thc, chuyn sang Hoa K cho n nhng iu ang ch bn trng hc.
1. Hc i hc:
Cch thc chn la v np n vo cc chng trnh ly bng c nhn v bng i cng, cc thng tin v cc c hi hc ngh v hc k thut Hoa K.
2. Hc cao hc v nghin cu chuyn ngnh:

Cch thc nghin cu v np n vo cc chng trnh thc s, tin s v sau tin s Hoa
Bn nc M
Bn
nc M
10
gii thiu
11
Mc lc
Li nh xut bn Li ni u Gii thiu Chng 1 Chng 2 Chng 3 Chng 4 Chng 5 Chng 6 Chng 7 Chng 8 Chng 9 Chng 10 Chng 11 Chng 12 Ph lc Gio dc i hc Hoa K Bng c nhn ca Hoa K Cc trng i hc cng ng Chn trng tt nht cho bn Cc yu cu khi nhp hc Ngun ti chnh cho vic hc ca bn Hc bng th thao Chun b xin hc thnh cng Qu trnh xin hc Chuyn tip sang mt trng i hc Hoa K Xin th thc sinh vin Cuc sng ti cc trng i hc Hoa K Gii thch thut ng Ti liu tham kho Li cm n 93 102 108 114 119 122 5 6 11 15 21 26 34 51 59 70 75 89
gii thiu
Hoa K, hin c hn 3.600 trng i hc v cao ng c cc chng trnh hc i hc. Con s khng l ny cho thy cc chng trnh hc lun c sn p ng nhu cu ca mi ngi. Nhng lm th no bn c th tm thy chng trnh hc tt nht dnh cho mnh? Cun sch ny khng ch em n cho bn nhng kin thc cn thit a ra s chn la ng n m cn mang li cho bn s t tin chun b tt cho vic ng k hc. Ti sao li hc Hoa K? Di y mi ch l mt vi l do ti sao hn 500.000(1) sinh vin quc t t khp ni trn th gii mun tin xa hn trn con ng hc vn Hoa K: Cht lng: Cc trng cao ng Hoa K ni ting trn th gii v cht lng trang thit b, ngun lc v i ng cn b ging dy. Cc h thng kim nh m bo rng cc trng u thng xuyn duy tr nhng tiu chun ny. Chng 1 v 2 s gii thch v h thng gio dc i hc Hoa K. Chng 4 s tp trung vo loi hnh kim nh m bn nn tm kim khi np n vo cc trng i hc Hoa K. S chn la: H thng gio dc Hoa K tt nht trn th gii v n a ra cho bn s chn la v trng hc, v mi trng x hi v hc vn, v nhng yu cu u vo, v chng trnh hc v
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gii thiu
13
v nhng mn hc m bn mun chuyn su. Chng 4 v 5 s gii thch nhng yu cu u vo v hng dn bn trong qu trnh chn la trng ph hp vi bn. Gi tr: Nh mt s u t cho tng lai, cc chng ch Hoa K s em li cho bn nhng gi tr tuyt vi, xng ng vi s tin bn b ra. S a dng v mc hc ph v mc sng cng vi mt s gip v mt ti chnh t pha trng hc gip cho hng nghn sinh vin trc bn kh nng hc c Hoa K. Chng 6 v 7 s cung cp cc thng tin v li khuyn v nhng khon chi ph v vn ti chnh cho vic hc Hoa K ca bn. Tnh linh hot: Mt trong nhng c tnh ni bt ca cc trng i hc v cao ng Hoa K l tnh linh hot trong s chn la cc kha hc mt trng cao ng hay i hc. Nhng quan trng hn l sinh vin c th chuyn t trng ny sang trng khc. Sau khi hon thnh 2 nm u ly bng mt trng, thng thng l trng i hc cng ng, sinh vin c th chuyn n hc mt trng khc. iu ny rt ph bin Hoa K. Chng 3 v 10 s gii thiu v cc trng i hc cng ng v gii thch cch thc chuyn trng. Cng trong cun sch ny, bn s tm thy s tr gip chun b tt cho vic ng k vo hc cc trng cao ng (Chng 8 v 9) v nhng th tc xin th thc (Chng 11). Mt khi c chp nhn vo hc, bn s mun c nhng thng tin tr gip v nhng iu ang ch khi bn t chn n nc Hoa K (Chng 12). Cui cun sch c mt bng t vng, trong gii thch mt s t v cm t m bn s phi gp thng xuyn khi lm n ng k xin vo hc Hoa K. Trung tm t vn v thng tin gio dc Hoa K Ti khng bit phi ni nh th no c th nh gi ht s gip v ng h t pha trung tm t vn dnh cho
ti. Trung tm ny l ngun thng tin u tin gip ti tm hiu v h thng gio dc Hoa K. Sch, tp ch v Internet trung tm v cng hu ch v nhn vin y tn tnh gip ti thc hin c mc ch ca mnh. Sinh vin Khoa Kinh doanh, n t Nga
c th chn ra c trng tt nht dnh cho bn v chun b tt vic ng k nhp hc, bn cn phi c quyt tm v ln k hoch cn thn. Nhng hu nh bt k nc no cng c cc chuyn gia t vn, nhng ngi hiu c nhng nguyn vng ca bn v c th gip bn. Bn c th ly c cc thng tin v li khuyn v vic hc Hoa K t mng li gm hn 450 trung tm t vn v thng tin gio dc Hoa K trn ton th gii. Cc trung tm ny lun sn sng cung cp cho cc bn cc th mc, ch dn, cc tp ch v trng hc, thng tin v cc bi kim tra u vo v lun c cc nh t vn gio dc c kinh nghim gip bn v gia nh trong qu trnh chn la, ng k vo hc cc trng Hoa K. Mt s trung tm cn ng ra t chc cc cuc hi tho du hc. Cc trung tm t vn v thng tin lun cung cp min ph cho bn cc thng tin gii thiu di dng hnh nh hay di dng bi trnh by theo nhm, Internet v th vin c lp. mt s trung tm, bn c th phi tr tin cho nhng dch v khc. Cc nh t vn gio dc trung tm gip ti lm sng t nhiu vn lin quan n vic hc Hoa K v lun lun sn sng gip . Ti cng c c nhiu thng tin v cc trng cao ng v i hc cho s la chn ca mnh thng qua cc ngun tin tuyt vi sn c.
Sinh vin Khoa Tm l, n t Malaysia

Tt c cc trung tm t vn v thng tin gio dc ny u c h tr t pha B Ngoi giao Hoa K nhm mc ch cung cp
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chng
1: gio dc i hc hoa k
15
nhng thng tin khch quan v cc c hi hc tp Hoa K. Tuy nhin, tu theo tng nc, tn ca cc trung tm ny cng nh cc t chc iu hnh cc trung tm ny hon ton khng ging nhau. tm c trung tm gn ni bn ang nht, hy lin h vi i s qun hay Lnh s qun Hoa K gn ni bn hoc tham kho danh sch trang Web ca B Ngoi giao Hoa K: http://educationusa.state.gov. Chc bn may mn khi np n xin hc! Cc trang Web hu ch Bn trc tuyn ca b sch Nu bn mun hc Hoa K: http://educationusa.state.gov Th mc v cc Trung tm t vn v Thng tin gio dc Hoa K trn ton th gii: http://educationusa.state.gov
Chng 1
GIO DC I HC Hoa K
D nhin, h thng gio dc Hoa K gn nh hon ton khc vi h thng gio dc nc bn. Chng ny s gii thiu cho bn nhng chng ch Hoa K, cc loi trng v nhng quy nh cng nh nhng vn m bn s gp phi nu bn mun hc mt trng i hc hay cao ng Hoa K. Phn bit cao ng, i hc v vin Cc trng cp chng ch Hoa K u c th c gi bng mt trong 3 tn trn nn cao ng v vin khng h c ngha thp km g so vi i hc. Thng thng, cc trng cao ng c quy m nh hn v ch cp chng ch i hc, trong khi cc trng i hc cp c cc chng ch cao hc. Cc t trng hc, cao ng v i hc s c dng linh hot trong sut cun sch ny. Mt vin thng chuyn v cc chng trnh cp chng ch theo tng nhm lnh vc. V vy bn cng s gp nhng chng trnh cp chng ch ca cc vin nh Vin K thut, Vin Thi trang, Vin M thut v Thit k, v.v...
Ch thch:
(1)
Open Doors 2000: Open Doors on the Web, http://opendoorsweb.org/.
Vin Gio dc Quc t, New York, N.Y.
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chng
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Trong mi trng cao ng hay i hc, bn s thy c nhiu khoa nh Khoa M thut v Khoa hc hay Khoa Kinh doanh. Mi khoa s ph trch v cc chng trnh cp chng ch do trng cao ng hay i hc a ra trong lnh vc hc . Bng c nhn v bng cao ng Thng thng, bn phi mt 4 nm ly c bng c nhn nhng c mt s sinh vin c th hon thnh bng c nhn sm hn hoc mun hn thi gian . i vi bng cao ng, bn cn 2 nm hon thnh. Cc chng trnh hc ly bng cao ng c th l cc chng trnh cui cng, tc l n s gip bn c c mt chuyn mn c th khi tt nghip, hoc ch l chng trnh chuyn giao, tng ng vi 2 nm u ca mt chng trnh hc ly bng c nhn v thng l da trn nhng mn khoa hc x hi v t nhin. Vi s chn la th hai, bn c th chuyn tip ln nm th 3 trong mt chng trnh c nhn 4 nm. Cc chng trnh cp bng cao ng c dy ti cc trng i hc 2 nm hay cn gi l i hc cng ng hay s cp (tham kho di y). Cc trng cao ng v i hc 4 nm c cc chng trnh c nhn v rt t trng c cc chng trnh cp bng cao ng. Trit l v cc mn khoa hc x hi v t nhin Khoa hc x hi v t nhin l dng vit ngn ca thut ng khoa hc x hi v khoa hc t nhin v trit l v khoa hc x hi v t nhin l mt c trng ca h thng gio dc i hc ca Hoa K. Chng trnh gio dc i hc ca Hoa K c da trn khi nim ny mt khi nim tin tng vo vic cung cp mt nn gio dc bao qut c th pht trin cc k nng ni, vit v lp lun cho sinh vin. Sinh vin ca mt trng cao ng v khoa hc x hi v t nhin hoc mt trng i hc c chng trnh o to thin v khoa hc x hi v t nhin, bt u chng trnh hc ly bng ca mnh bng cc kha hc v hng lot cc mn hc x hi, nhn vn,
ngn ng v cc mn khoa hc x hi v t nhin. Sau , h chn mt mn hc chuyn su (c gi l chuyn ngnh) v dnh khong 25 - 50% tng s thi gian hc ca h cho lnh vc chuyn su ny. Ngay c nhng ngi khng theo chng trnh hc khoa hc x hi v t nhin m d nh hc chuyn su mt chuyn ngnh nh ch to, cng c yu cu dnh khong 25% tng s thi gian hc cho khoa hc nhn vn, khoa hc x hi b sung cho chng trnh hc ca h. Tng t nh vy, mt sinh vin mun hon thnh chng trnh chuyn su v lch s c yu cu phi hc mt s kha hc v ton v c th l cc mn khoa hc t nhin khc. Gio dc ngh nghip Gio dc ngh nghip (c ngha l nh hng ngnh ngh) c a vo h thng gio dc i hc ca Hoa K. Cc trng i hc ln thng bao gm cc trng cao ng khoa hc x hi, t nhin v mt s trng o to chuyn ngnh nh kinh doanh, nng nghip, y, lut v bo ch. Cc vin cng ngh thng tp trung vo cc mn khoa hc i vi mi chng trnh hc ly bng m h t chc. Cc bn c th tm thm thng tin v o to ngh nghip trong Quyn 2 ca b sch ny - Hc cao hc v nghin cu chuyn ngnh. Cc trng i hc quc lp Cc trng i hc quc lp do chnh ph cc bang ca Hoa K (v d nh bang Michigan, California hay Texas) thnh lp v tr cp kinh ph cung cp dch v gio dc chi ph thp cho ngi dn ca bang. Chng cn c th c gi l trng i hc cng phn bit vi cc c s gio dc t nhn. Mt vi trng a t i hc quc lp vo tn gi chnh thc ca mnh hoc dng nhng yu t ch khu vc nh ng hay Bc. Cc trng i hc quc lp thng rt ln, vi con s sinh vin khong 20.000 hoc cao hn, v thng chp nhn sinh vin vi c im a dng hn nhiu so vi trng t. Tin hc ph ca trng quc lp
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thng thp hn ca cc trng t. Ngoi ra, cng dn ca bang (nhng ngi sng v ng thu cho bang ) tr hc ph thp hn nhiu so vi cng dn ngoi bang. Sinh vin quc t cng nh sinh vin t cc bang khc c coi l cng dn ngoi bang v v vy, khng c hng mc gim hc ph ti cc trng i hc quc lp. Ngoi ra, sinh vin quc t cn c th phi p ng nhng yu cu tuyn sinh cao hn cng dn ca bang. Cc trng i hc t Ti chnh cho cc c s gio dc t nhn c kt hp t nhiu ngun ng gp nh vn gp ban u, hc ph, cc khon tr cp nghin cu v qu tng ca cc cu sinh vin. Hc ph cc trng i hc t thng cao hn cc trng quc lp, nhng khng c s khc bit gia cng dn trong bang v cng dn ngoi bang. Cc trng cao ng c c th tn gio v cc trng dnh ring cho nam hay n gii thng l trng t. Ni chung, cc trng i hc t thng c s sinh vin t hn 20.000 v cc trng cao ng c th c s sinh vin l 2.000 hoc t hn. Cc trng i hc cng ng Cc trng i hc cng ng t chc cc chng trnh o to cp bng 2 nm, thng c gi l bng cao ng v khoa hc x hi hay cao ng v khoa hc t nhin, v nhng chng trnh o to tuyt vi v k thut v ngnh ngh. Nh tn gi cho thy, cc trng i hc cng ng l cc c s gio dc da vo cng ng c mi quan h mt thit vi cc trng ph thng, cc nhm cng ng v cc c s tuyn nhn cng. Nhiu sinh vin Hoa K sng ngay gn trng vi gia nh ca h. Cc trng i hc cng ng c th l trng cng hoc t v i khi c gi l cao ng s cp hoc cao ng 2 nm. Ngy cng c nhiu sinh vin quc t chn theo hc cc trng i hc cng ng v iu ny c cp chi tit hn phn sau ca quyn sch ny. Tin hc ph ca cc c s o to 2 nm thng thp hn cc c s o to 4 nm, v
nhiu c s c cc tho thun cho php sinh vin hc chuyn tip t chng trnh 2 nm ln tip nm th 3 ca chng trnh o to c nhn ca mt trng i hc quc lp trong bang. Cc trng cao ng k thut v ngnh ngh Cc c s ny chuyn v o to sinh vin gia nhp hoc c thng tin trong lc lng lao ng. Cc c s ny t chc cc chng trnh o to chng ch v cc chng trnh ngn hn khc o to sinh vin v l thuyt lin quan n mt ngnh ngh hay cng ngh c th, cng nh v k nng lm vic vi cng ngh. Cc chng trnh thng ko di 2 nm hoc ngn hn. Trn khp nc Hoa K c khong vi nghn trng cao ng k thut v ngnh ngh nh vy v chng c th l trng cng hoc trng t. Cc bn c th tra thm thng tin v cc kh nng theo hc ngn hn Hoa K trong Quyn 3 ca b sch ny - Du hc ngn hn, chng trnh hc ting Anh, hc t xa v kim nh. Gio dc t xa Gio dc t xa l mt hnh thc gio dc ngy cng tr nn ph bin, bao gm tt c t mt kha hc ngnh ngh n mt kha hc ly bng cao hc Hoa K. C rt nhiu c s t chc cc chng trnh o to cp bng i hc s dng cc phng php dy hc t xa. Theo m hnh gio dc t xa, sinh vin khng cn tham d cc gi ln lp trong mt phng hc trong khun vin ca trng na. Thay vo , cc lp hc c truyn i t xa thng qua vic s dng cc cng ngh nh Internet, truyn hnh v tinh, hi tho truyn hnh v cc phng tin truyn tin in t khc. i vi sinh vin nc ngoi, iu ny c ngha l h c th theo hc ly bng ca Hoa K m khng phi ri khi t nc ca mnh, tuy nhin thnh thong h vn phi sang Hoa K mt thi gian ngn lin h v hc trc tip ti trng. Hc ly bng theo hnh thc gio dc t xa i hi sinh vin phi c nhng kh nng c bit nh tnh k lut cao v kh nng lm vic c lp. Nu bn ang tnh n vic theo
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chng
2: Bng c nhn ca hoa k
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hc chng trnh gio dc t xa, bn nn nghin cu k cht lng ca chng trnh, uy tn ca c s gio dc Hoa K v mc cng nhn ca nc bn i vi c s m bo rng s la chn ca bn l ph hp cho cc mc tiu tng lai ca bn. Bn c th xem thm chi tit v gio dc t xa trong Quyn 3 ca b sch ny. Hc khng ly bng mt trng cao ng ca Hoa K Bn c mun hc mt trng cao ng hay i hc Hoa K m khng ly bng hon chnh khng? C l bn mun sng th cuc sng trong mt trng i hc Hoa K v nng cao hiu bit ca mnh v mt s lnh vc c th. y chc chn l mt s b sung hu ch cho kinh nghim gio dc ca bn v cc trng cao ng ca Hoa K lun cho n nhng ngi sinh vin nh bn. Bn nn vit th cho cc trng gii thch tnh trng ca bn v xin thng tin v vic ng k lm sinh vin c bit hay sinh vin khng ly bng. Xem Quyn 3 trong b sch ny bit thm thng tin v cc c hi hc ngn hn Hoa K v xem Chng 8 trong quyn ny bit thm chi tit v vic xin thng tin t cc trng i hc Hoa K. Cc trang Web hu ch Gii thiu khi qut v h thng gio dc Hoa K http://www.ed.gov/NLE/USNEI/toc.html http://www.edupass.org Thng tin v gio dc t xa http://educationusa.state.gov Thng tin v hc khng ly bng Hoa K http://educationusa.state.gov bit a ch cc trang Web ca trng i hc cng ng, xem Chng 3 v Chng 4 trong quyn ny.
Chng 2
BNG C NHN CA Hoa K

Mt trong nhng c im hp dn nht trong chng trnh o to bng c nhn Hoa K l tnh linh hot cao. Bn c th chn trong s rt nhiu kha hc v xy dng cho mnh mt chng trnh hc c nht v nh. Bn c cp bng sau khi hon thnh mt s lng tn ch nht nh, thng c hon thnh trong 4 nm hc tp trung. Nm u tin c gi l sinh vin nm th nht (freshman), nm th hai l sinh vin nm th hai (sophomore), nm th ba l sinh vin nm th ba (junior) v nm th t l sinh vin nm cui (senior). Bn c th c u rng sinh vin Hoa K thng hc hn 4 nm kt thc chng trnh c nhn ny. iu ny c th do h thay i chuyn ngnh v cn phi tch lu s tn ch trong chuyn ngnh mi c cp bng. Hoc l v mi hc k h hc khng s tn ch ng nh yu cu i vi mt sinh vin hc tp trung v cc l do hc thut, c nhn hay ti chnh. Tuy
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chng
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nhin, cc sinh vin quc t khng th hc khng tp trung m phi duy tr ch hc tp trung. Cc kha hc trong 2 nm u c coi l cc kha hc trnh thp v cc kha hc ca 2 nm cui c coi l cc kha hc trnh cao. Cc quyn gii thiu v trng i hc thng gn k hiu bng s cho mt kha hc, ch r cp ca chng trnh hc nh sau: 100-199: 200-299: 300-399: 400-499: Lch nm hc Nm hc c th hi khc nhau gia cc trng i hc hay cao ng, song thng thng l t u thng 9 n cui thng 5. Nm hc c th c chia ra lm hai k, mi k 18 tun, c gi l hc k. Hoc c trng i hc c th c 4 k hoc 3 k, tc l mi k ko di khong 12 tun. Ngoi ra, cc trng i hc thng t chc mt k hc h khong 6 n 8 tun. K hc h l khng bt buc v sinh vin tham d nu h mun kt thc s tn ch nhanh hn, gim gnh nng trong cc hc k thng thng, hay hc b nhng kha hc m h khng hon thnh trong nm. C t nht hai k ngh chnh trong mt nm hc - ngh t 2 n 4 tun trong dp Ging sinh v mt tun ngh xun vo khong t u thng 3 n gia thng 4. H thng tn ch Sinh vin cc trng i hc ca Hoa K kt thc chng trnh hc ly bng khi hon thnh tng cng mt s lng tn ch nht nh. S lng ny thng vo khong 130 n 180 tn ch. i khi khi nim s gi hc trong mt hc k hay n v c s dng thay cho tn ch. Mi kha hc ring l m bn hc trong mt hc k gip bn nhn c mt s lng tn ch/gi/n v nht nh (thng l 3 hoc 4). Ngi t vn v hc thut ca bn s gip bn ln k hoch cho chng trnh hc ca mnh trong nm. Nm th nht Nm th 2 Nm th 3 Nm cui
Cc kha hc c cp bng Cc kha hc cu thnh chng trnh o to cp bng c th c chia ra thnh cc loi sau: Cc kha hc ct li: Nhng kha hc ny to c s cho chng trnh hc v l yu cu bt buc i vi tt c sinh vin. Sinh vin hc cc kha khc nhau v Ton, Ting Anh, Nhn vn, Khoa hc t nhin v Khoa hc x hi. Mt vi trng cao ng i hi sinh vin theo rt nhiu cc kha hc ct li trong khi cc trng khc ch i hi mt vi kha l ly bng. Cc kha hc chuyn ngnh: Mt chuyn ngnh l mt lnh vc m sinh vin la chn hc tp trung chuyn su. Hu ht cc sinh vin chuyn su vo mt chuyn ngnh; Tuy nhin, mt vi trng cao ng cho sinh vin kh nng theo ui hai chuyn ngnh c mi lin quan n nhau. Cc kha hc chuyn ngnh ca bn chim 25 - 50% tng s kha hc yu cu c cp bng. Cc kha hc chuyn ngnh ph: Mt chuyn ngnh ph l mt lnh vc m sinh vin chn hc tp trung chuyn su sau chuyn ngnh chnh. S lng kha hc chuyn ngnh ph theo yu cu thng bng mt na s kha hc chuyn ngnh chnh. Cc kha hc ty chn: Cc kha hc ny c th c la chn t bt k mt khoa no. Cc kha hc ny to c hi khai thc cc ch v lnh vc khc m bn quan tm v gip bn c c tng s tn ch yu cu tt nghip. Chm im Cc trng i hc ca Hoa K s dng h thng nh gi lin tc v cho im cho tng kha hc m bn theo hc. Hu nh tt c nhng g bn lm cho mt kha hc s nh hng n im s cui cng ca bn. Cc bi thi v kim tra, cc bi lun hay cc bi lm dng vit, cc bo co phng th nghim hay cng vic trong
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xng, s c mt trn lp v tham gia vo bi ging s c s dng quyt nh im s cui cng ca bn. iu ny c ngha l bn nht thit phi c v hon thnh cc cng vic kha hc yu cu v tham d u n cc bui hc. Sau y l phn trm trung bnh mc thang im bng ch cho cc kha hc cc trng ca Hoa K: 100-90% = A 89-80% =B 79-70% =C 69-60% =D 59-50% =E 49-0% =F GPA l g? Mi sinh vin kt thc chng trnh hc ca mnh vi mt im trung bnh chung (GPA). Mt im trung bnh chung lu tin l im trung bnh chung cho tt c cc kha hc trong sut thi gian theo hc chng trnh. Hu ht cc trng i hc s dng mc thang GPA l 4,0, song mt s trng s dng thang 5,0. tnh GPA ca mnh, bn ly gi tr bng s tng ng vi mc im bng ch m bn t c trong mi kha hc (thng l 4 im cho im A, 3 im cho im B v.v...) sau nhn gi tr bng s ny vi s tn ch ca mi kha hc. Cui cng, cng tt c cc s ny li ri chia cho tng s tn ch ca tt c cc kho. V d:
Hu ht cc trng u cp mt loi bng danh d no . tiu chun nhn bng danh d, bn phi hon thnh mt s tn ch b sung hay vit mt ti danh d; chi tit c th ph thuc vo tng trng hoc khoa. C th c nhiu mc danh d: Danh d hng nht (summa cum laude), Danh d hng nh (magna cum laude) v Danh d hng ba (cum laude). Tm li c bng c nhn ca Hoa K, sinh vin thng mt 4 nm; bng cao ng 2 nm. Nm hc do tng trng quyt nh, song thng bao gm hai k hoc hc k v ko di t thng 9 nm trc n thng 5 nm sau. c cp bng, mt sinh vin phi tch lu c mt s lng tn ch nht nh. Mi kha hc m sinh vin hon thnh tng xng vi mt s lng tn ch nht nh. Vi mi kha hc tham d, sinh vin s c nhn mt mc im da trn s nh gi lin tc v cc bi tp c giao. im bnh qun GPA c tnh trn c s im bng s tng ng ca cc im bng ch cho mi kho. GPA c s dng nh gi s n lc ca mi sinh vin trong qu trnh theo hc ly bng c nhn. Cc trang Web hu ch: Chng trnh hc ly bng c nhn ti Hoa K http://www.embark.com/nafsa/academic.asp
im bng ch A B C Tng cng
Gi tr bng s 4.0 3.0 2.0
S tn ch 3 3 3 9
Tng 12 9 6 27
27 chia cho 9 = 3,0 GPA
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3: Cc trng i hc cng ng
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CC TRNG I hC CNG NG
Ngy cng c nhiu sinh vin quc t la chn i hc cng ng nh mt cnh ca vo con ng nng cao hc vn ca mnh. Cng nh cc bn hc ngi M, h nhn ra rng rt nhiu trong s cc trng thuc loi hnh c o ny cung cp nhng chng trnh hc c bit vi cc tn ch c th chuyn tip, mc hc ph hp l v mi trng hc tp mang tnh h tr. S hp dn ny c th thy qua vic hn 40% hc sinh Hoa K quyt nh chn hc ti cc trng i hc cng ng. Trong nhng nm gn y, s lng sinh vin quc t ti cc trng i hc cng ng cng tng ln
nhanh chng. Vi cc kha hc cht lng cao, cc th tc nhp hc c n gin ha, chi ph hc tp thp, cc h thng h tr sinh vin su rng, tp th gio vin tn tu v quy m lp hc nh hn, cc trng i hc cng ng m ra mt con ng c o dn n cc hnh thc khc nhau ca nn gio dc Hoa K, t gio dc dy ngh cho n gio dc lin tc t c mt vn bng chng ch nht nh. Vi nhiu sinh vin quc t, cuc hnh trnh phn u ly bng i hc Hoa K bt u t trng i hc cng ng. Cc trng i hc cng ng i khi c gi l trng cao ng s cp hoc trng i hc 2 nm, v trn ton nc M c khong 1.200 trng kiu ny. Hu ht cc trng i hc cng ng l trng cng hoc do Nh nc h tr, ch c mt s trng l t thc. Cng ging nh nhiu trng sau trung hc khc Hoa K, cc trng i hc 2 nm c th l nhng m hnh rt khc nhau. Mt s trng l nhng h thng ln gm nhiu c s ti ngoi vi hn 50.000 sinh vin cng nh hng trm chng trnh hc v c s vt cht. Bn cnh , cng c nhng trng nh, nng thn, vi hn 1.000 sinh vin v ch dy mt s chuyn ngnh. Ngay c sinh vin cng rt a dng thuc nhiu la tui, nhiu nn vn ha v cc tng lp khc nhau. Chng trnh hc tp Ngoi cc chng trnh hc tp ly c bng cao ng, cc trng i hc cng ng cn c cc chng trnh dy ngh v o to chuyn mn. Cc trng i hc cng ng c mi quan h rt cht ch vi cc trng i hc v cc doanh nghip trong cng bang. Do , i khi cn c gi l trng ca cng ng bang. Cc mi quan h ny c ngha l cc bi ging ca trng c thit k m bo cho s thnh cng ca sinh vin trong hc tp cng nh kh nng lm vic ngay sau khi tt nghip. Cc chng trnh hc ca cc trng i hc cng ng thng bao gm:
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Chng trnh ly chng ch i hc 2 nm Cc chng trnh ny c th: c thit k p ng c cc yu cu ca 2 nm u tin trong chng trnh hc ly bng c nhn. Cn c gi l chng trnh chuyn tip v cc sinh vin hon thnh chng trnh hc sau c th chuyn tip sang cc trng i hc o to di hn (4 nm) hc nt 2 nm cn li. V d nh chng trnh tin qun tr kinh doanh, tin k thut, m thut, khoa hc t nhin v x hi, khoa hc my tnh. c thit k cho cc sinh vin i lm ngay trong cc lnh vc nh My mc t ng, Thit k ni tht, Cng ngh hng khng, Pht trin tr em, Lut hnh s, Khoa hc v Dch v y t, Kinh doanh, Cng ngh chy, Nghin cu bo v php lut, Qun l thc phm, Nhip nh. Cc chng trnh trn cn c gi l chng trnh chng ch thc hnh. Chng trnh ly chng ch Chng trnh chng ch o to cc c nhn cho cc v tr thuc cc lnh vc nh: hot ng x hi v cc dch v cho con ngi, y t, khi nghip kinh doanh v cc lnh vc cng ngh. Cc chng trnh ly chng ch c th l ngn hn hoc di hn, ty thuc vo tng loi hnh kha hc. Cc chng trnh di hn c th l o to y t, cn chng trnh ngn hn c th l mt s lnh vc c bit nh cng ngh vn phng, bt ng sn v thit k bng vi tnh. Gio dc nng cao Cc chng trnh gio dc nng cao dnh cho cc sinh vin mun tng cng cc k nng chuyn mn hoc k nng c nhn ch khng phi ly bng cp hay chng ch. C rt nhiu kha hc kiu ny dnh cho sinh vin. Cc chng trnh ly chng ch ti cc trng i hc 2 nm rt ging vi cc chng trnh ti cc vin o to chuyn ngnh v dy ngh. Thng tin thm v cc chng
trnh o to chuyn mn v dy ngh cng nh v cc kha hc nng cao c in trong Quyn 3 ca b sch ny s tp trung vo cc c hi hc ngn hn ti Hoa K. Kim nh Kim nh ca trng i hc cng ng c ngha rt quan trng, c bit l khi bn hy vng chuyn t trng 2 nm sang trng 4 nm v bn mun bo lu kt qu hc tp ca 2 nm u. Hu ht vic kim nh cc trng i hc cng ng v cc vin o to 2 nm Hoa K u do cc c quan nh gi cc trng i hc 4 nm, cng khu vc a l a ra. Tuy nhin, cc sinh vin cng nn t mnh kim tra li kim nh ca trng i hc cng ng m mnh quan tm. Tha thun lin kt v chuyn tip Ngoi kim nh, vic chuyn t i hc cng ng sang i hc 4 nm c thun li hay khng cn ph thuc rt ln vo mc tha thun lin kt gia hai trng. Cc hp ng ny s ch r cc kha hc c th t ng chuyn tip t trng ny sang trng kia, do c th c tnh vo bng c nhn. Cc trng i hc cng ng cng lp thng lin kt cht ch vi cc trng i hc tng hp cng lp trong cng bang xy dng quy ch chuyn tip. Vic chuyn tip cc tn ch c lin quan ti mt trng t thc hoc mt trng khc ngoi bang c th s khng c xc nh r rng. Nu mc ch cui cng ca bn l ly bng c nhn, bn nn thc hin nhng iu sau cng sm cng tt: Ni r mc ch ca bn l theo ui mt chng ch c th chuyn tip; Tho lun vi cc chuyn gia t vn v gio dc hoc chuyn tip ti trng i hc cng ng xc nh ngnh hc;
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Chn mt trng i hc 4 nm v tm nhng thng tin mi nht v chnh sch chuyn tip v chng trnh hc ca trng . Mt trong cc l do cn phi ln k hoch mt cch thn trng l v cc trng thng khng c yu cu ging nhau cho cc bng c nhn ging nhau. Bng cch sm nhm vo mt trng i hc 4 nm v xc nh c nhng yu cu cn thit cho vic chuyn tip, sau l theo ui mt chng trnh hc c xy dng cn thn, bn c th trnh c nhng vic lm v chi ph khng cn thit. Hn na, do kim nh v cc yu cu ca trng, mt s trng i hc 4 nm khng chp nhn mt s kha hc nht nh ca cc trng khc. Trc khi chn hc nhiu kha trong cng mt lnh vc, c bit l Kinh doanh hoc K thut, cc sinh vin nn ni chuyn vi cc chuyn gia t vn gio dc hay chuyn tip v nhng ngi ny hiu r hn v cc hn ch nu c. Mt s ci tin gn y lm cho th tc chuyn tip tr nn d dng hn. Mt s trng hp tc vi nhau xy dng nn cc chnh sch tuyn sinh kp", theo sinh vin c php nhn vo hc c hai trng 2 nm v 4 nm cng mt lc. Ngay sau khi hon thnh chng ch cao ng, sinh vin c th chuyn thng sang chng trnh c nhn ti trng i hc i tc. Tuyn sinh Cc trng i hc cng ng thc hin chnh sch tuyn sinh m, c ngha l bt k ai mun theo hc v p ng c cc yu cu u vo ti thiu u c th c chp nhn. Mi trng s c nhng yu cu tuyn sinh ring, nhng cc yu cu ti thiu thng bao gm: Mt b h s in y Bn chng nhn hon thnh bc trung hc ph thng (thng l 12 nm) Chng ch nng lc ting Anh (thng l im Kim tra ting Anh nh mt ngoi ng - TOEFL)
Bn chng minh kh nng ti chnh (thng yu cu i vi cc mu I-20 - xem Chng 11, Xin th thc i hc") Yu cu v im TOEFL ca trng i hc cng ng thng thp hn so vi trng i hc 4 nm. Ngoi ra, nu im TOEFL ca bn hi thp so vi yu cu u vo, trng i hc cng ng c th s nhn bn vo chng trnh dy ting Anh nh ngn ng th hai (English as a Second Language - ESL). Vic hon thnh tt c cc kha ting Anh ESL theo quy nh s m ra cnh ca vo th gii hc tp rng ln hn ca trng i hc cng ng. Vi cc trng i hc 4 nm, sinh vin phi lin h vi vn phng tuyn sinh ca trng i hc 2 nm xin cc thng tin v vic tuyn sinh quc t. Hin nay, nhiu trng i hc cng ng c trang Web, cho php sinh vin c th ng k trc tuyn hoc ti v bn h s ng k. Chi ph i vi nhiu sinh vin quc t, im hp dn ch yu ca trng i hc cng ng l chi ph thp. Hc ph v cc chi ph khc ca cc trng i hc thng khc nhau ty theo chng trnh hc v vic trng l cng lp hay dn lp. Tuy nhin, chi ph hc ti mt trng i hc 2 nm thng thp hn chi ph ca mt trng 4 nm trong cng mt khu vc a l. Trng hp ny cng ng ngay c khi cc sinh vin quc t theo hc ti mt trng cng lp m sinh vin bang khc phi tr chi ph cao hn sinh vin c tr ti bang. Li th v ti chnh ca trng i hc 2 nm thc s l mt u im kh b qua. H tr ti chnh Nhn chung, vic xin c h tr ti chnh thc s l mt thch thc vi sinh vin quc t ti mt trng i hc cng ng cng lp. Mc d bn cng nn kim tra xem trng c hc bng no
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dnh cho sinh vin quc t hay khng, nhng hu ht cc qu dnh cho sinh vin u t ngun ngn sch ca lin bang hoc ca bang. Do , thng dnh cho cc sinh vin Hoa K hoc cc sinh vin thng tr ti Hoa K. C hi xin h tr ti chnh cc trng dn lp c phn d dng hn. Cc t chc t nhn khc nh cc qu, cng ty hay hip hi cng c th ti tr hoc cp hc bng. Cuc sng sinh vin Cc dch v h tr sinh vin trng i hc cng ng ng vai tr quan trng trong vic to ra mt mi trng khuyn khch hc tp. Nhng h tr v hc tp th hin di hnh thc cc chng trnh hc ESL; cc kha hc pht trin v ton, c v vit; dch v tr ging v t vn hc tp. Cc dch v h tr sinh vin bao gm cc chuyn gia t vn v c nhn v ngh nghip, cc trang thit b dnh cho sinh vin tn tt v cc hot ng ngoi kho. Cc vn phng gio dc hp tc vi cc doanh nghip trong cng ng to ra nhng c hi c o to hoc thc tp cho sinh vin. ng lu l cc trng c lch s o to sinh vin quc t thng c cc chuyn gia c bit dnh cho sinh vin nc ngoi. iu ny c th gip thay i rt ln cuc sng ca bn ti trng i hc v nhng chuyn gia ny c rt nhiu kinh nghim trong vic gii quyt cc vn c th nh th thc, hc hnh, vn ha v cc vn c nhn m cc sinh vin nc ngoi thng gp khi hc ti Hoa K. Hu ht cc trng i hc 2 nm khng to ch cho sinh vin nhng h tr thng qua cc t chc cho thu nh a phng. Sinh vin t mnh i hc v sng ti khu dn c trong vng. Cuc sng nh vy s gip sinh vin quc t c c hi tuyt vi pht trin tnh c lp, ng thi quan st r hn cuc sng ca ngi dn Hoa K. Lp hc Trn tt c, s thnh cng ca trng i hc cng ng nm trong cc lp hc. Cc thnh vin ca cc khoa ni ting l cc gio
vin chuyn gia, nhng ngi lun thch trao i vi sinh vin thc hin cc nghin cu hoc ng cc bi bo. Ngoi ra, quy m lp nh hn cng c ngha l gio vin hng dn c th quan tm hn ti tng sinh vin. Tm tt ni dung i hc cng ng: Mt b phn quan trng ca h thng gio dc i hc Hoa K. Cung cp cc chng trnh c th gip sinh vin ra lm vic ngay. Cung cp cc chng trnh ly chng ch ngn hn c th chuyn tip ly bng c nhn. Rt hiu qu v mt kinh t. To ra mt mi trng kch thch hc tp vi cc gio vin hng dn tn tu, quy m lp nh v h thng h tr sinh vin su rng. Cc trang Web hu ch Thng tin v kt ni ti cc trng i hc cng ng - Lit k theo bang http://www.aacc.nche.edu Cc ng dn ti cc trng i hc cng ng - Lit k theo tn http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/cc Trang Web ca t US News and World Report - a ch tm kim trng i hc cng ng http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/communit/co mmsrch.htm
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4: chn trng tt nht cho bn
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ng thi s ch dn bn nhng a ch c th h tr v cung cp thng tin cho bn. Bn nn bt u qu trnh suy ngm v nghin cu t 12 n 18 thng trc khi bn mun bt u hc ti Hoa K. Cc ngun thng tin gip bn chn trng Cc Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K Cc Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K c mt tt c cc nc trn th gii v y l im khi u l tng cho cuc nghin cu ca bn. Cc trung tm thng c th vin vi cc cun nin gim, sch gii thiu ca cc trng i hc, cc cun sch hng dn ging nh cun bn ang xem y, cc t ri v cc sch tham kho gip bn c th xin nhp hc Hoa K. Nhiu trung tm c cc hng dn c th, cc bng hnh v cc trang Web c thit k ph hp vi cc sinh vin xin theo hc Hoa K t nc h. Nhiu trung tm cn c cc phn mm tm kim trng trn my tnh gip bn chn ra trng ph hp nht. Quan trng nht l cc trung tm ny u c nhn vin c o to tr li cc cu hi ca bn trc tip, qua th, qua in thoi v trong a s trng hp l qua th in t. Trang Web v th in t ca trng Nc M dn u th gii trong vic s dng mng World Wide Web. Hu ht cc trng i hc v cao ng Hoa K u c trang Web cung cp y cc thng tin v cc chng trnh hc ly bng cp, th tc xin hc, cc b mn, cc tin nghi trong trng v cc ch khc. Trong nhiu trng hp, bn s tm thy mt bn sao sch gii thiu ca trng m bn c th nghin cu trc tuyn hoc ti v tham kho. ng qun rng rt nhiu Website cng cung cp a ch th in t ca cc sinh vin ang theo hc ti trng, k c sinh vin quc t. H u sn sng tr li cc cu hi ca bn v vic xin hc v cuc sng trong trng. Khi
CHN TRNG TT NHT CHO BN

Ti xc nh trng trn c s nhu cu ca bn thn v nhng g m cc trng c th mang li cho ti".
- Sinh vin Khoa Tm l, n t Malaysia

Chn trng i hc cch xa bn hng ngn cy s l mt thch thc ln - c bit l khi c qu nhiu trng tt cho bn la chn. Nhng nu bn c k hoch t trc v nghin cu mt cch k cng, bn c th xy dng c mt danh sch cui cng cc trng c th ph hp vi yu cu. Mi sinh vin c mc tiu khc nhau v khi la chn, bn nn thn trng xem xt cc yu t quan trng i vi bn, c v mt gio dc ln li sng. Chng ny s tho lun cc yu t hc tp, cuc sng v cc yu t khc cn xem xt khi c trong tay mt danh sch t 10 n 20 trng,
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bn gim bt c s trng bn quan tm, bn c th gi th in t cho cc gio s v cc gio vin tuyn sinh nhn c gii p cho cc vn c th hn trc khi bn ra quyt nh cui cng xem c nn np h s khng. Gi th in t cho cc sinh vin cng quc tch ca bn - nhng ngi ang hc ti mt trng no v tm hiu cc kinh nghim ca h.
- Sinh vin Khoa hc my tnh, n t Ghana

Tm kim thng tin v trng qua mng Mt s trang Web c lp vi cc trng v cho php bn c th tm kim theo cc mn hc m bn quan tm, theo v tr a l hoc theo mt lot cc tiu ch khc m bn a ra. Trin lm gio dc Hoa K v cc chuyn tham quan Nu bn khng th n thm nc M, cc trng i hc s n vi bn. Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K gn ni bn nht s thng bo cho bn bit khi c trin lm gio dc hoc cc hnh thc tng t. , bn s c c hi c ni chuyn trc tip vi cc nhn vin tuyn sinh. Nhiu cuc trin lm din ra vo ma xun hoc ma thu trc khi bn c nh bt u hc, nn bn cn sm tin hnh nghin cu. Tham quan trng Vic n tham quan trng m bn ang xem xt rt hu ch - d l trong nm hc theo chng trnh giao lu, trong mt k ngh hay trong mt cuc thi u th thao.
trng t chc cc chuyn tham quan vng quanh trng do cc sinh vin ang hc ti hng dn, ni chuyn vi cc gio vin tuyn sinh bit thm thng tin. Thm cc iu kin hc tp v sinh hot, hi sinh vin, th vin c c nim r rng v trng. Ngi M vn ni ting v s thn thin, nn bn c th ni chuyn vi cc sinh vin hiu cuc sng trng thc s l th no. Mt s t chc t nhn cng cung cp cc chuyn tham quan cc trng Hoa K nhm gip cc sinh vin tng lai c th nhn bit xem trng c ph hp vi mnh hay khng. Bn c th hi trung tm thng tin v t vn xem h c thng tin v cc t chc hay khng. Chuyn vin t vn gio dc v i din tuyn dng nhiu vng trn th gii, cc i din hay t chc t nhn hot ng tuyn dng sinh vin quc t vo cc trng i hc ca Hoa K. Ngoi ra, cng c cc chuyn vin t vn gio dc gip bn trong qu trnh la chn trng v vic np n xin hc vi mt khon ph nht nh. Thng thng, cc chuyn vin t vn gio dc v cc i din l nhng sinh vin tt nghip ti Hoa K hoc l nhng ngi tn tnh mun tng thm cc li ch v li th cho h thng gio dc Hoa K. Tuy nhin, cng c mt s ngoi l. V th, cn kim tra li vn bn u nhim v hot ng trc y ca cc chuyn vin t vn gio dc v i din trc khi s dng dch v ca h. Nu bn thy mt i din tuyn sinh hay chuyn vin t vn t ra hu ch, thng tin tt v ng tin cy, ngi c th h tr bn la chn v xin nhp hc Hoa K mt cch c dng. Tuy nhin, cng cn phi cn thn ti cc du hiu c th xc minh v lch s hot ng thnh cng trc y ca h vi cc sinh vin t cng nc vi bn. Hy xin mt danh sch tn v a ch ca cc sinh vin hin ang hc tp ti Hoa K tng s dng dch v ca i din hay chuyn vin . Vit th tay, th in t, hoc gi in cho mt vi ngi trong danh sch c c thng tin
- Sinh vin Ngnh Sn khu, n t Phn Lan

Nu bn c th i ngh ti Hoa K trc khi i hc, y s l mt c hi ln ti thm c s trng m bn ang cn nhc. Nhiu
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ban u v trng h hc v v cc dch v m i din hay chuyn vin cung cp. S thn trng ny cng c bit c ngha nu i din hay chuyn vin yu cu mc ph dch v cao. Cui cng, cn lun lun kim tra vi mt ngun khch quan (chng hn nh Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K) chc chn v tnh hp php v mc tn nhim ca trng c gii thiu vi bn. Cc vn cn nghin cu v hc tp Kim nh v mc c cng nhn ca bng Mt ch s quan trng v cht lng ca bt k mt trng i hc no ti Hoa K l kim nh. Khng ging nh nhiu nc khc, Hoa K khng c c quan trung ng qun l cc trng i hc. Thay vo , nc ny da vo mt h thng t nguyn nh gi kim nh do cc c quan nh gi phi chnh ph thc hin m bo rng cc trng u t chun. Mc d hu ht cc trng Hoa K u c nhng hnh thc kim nh c cng nhn rng ri, song cng cn lu rng nh gi mc tn nhim Hoa K l mt lnh vc phc tp; c rt nhiu loi kim nh v nhiu c quan nh gi. Khng c iu lut no quy nh cc trng cp bng phi c nh gi mc tn nhim hoc c mt hnh thc kim nh no . Chnh v s phc tp ny, bn cn kim tra tht cn thn t trc xem bng do trng m bn ang xin hc cp c c chnh ph nc bn hoc cc hip hi ngnh ngh, cc b hoc cc doanh nghip cng nhn khng. Thm vo , bn cng nn ni chuyn vi nhng ngi tt nghip tr v xem bng cp m trng h cp c ph hp vi ngh nghip m h la chn khng. Trong trng hp bn mun chuyn tip t mt trng i hc sang mt trng khc trong khi ang hc, hoc mun hc cao hc ti Hoa K, bn cng nn kim tra xem cc trng i hc Hoa K c cng nhn cc tn ch v bng cp ca trng bn ang cn nhc khng.
Cc Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K c th gi cho bn v mc c cng nhn ca bng i hc Hoa K nc bn v cho bn bit liu mt trng i hc c c nh gi kim nh tt hay khng. Bn s tm thy cc thng tin chi tit v kim nh trong Quyn 3 ca b sch ny v trn cc trang Web c lit k cui chng. Ngnh hc Hy tm hiu trng m bn thc s quan tm. Mt s trng c coi l ni ting c nhng khoa rt mnh nhng cng c th c mt vi khoa km.
- Sinh vin Khoa Chnh tr v M thut, n t Phn Lan

Ngnh hc l lnh vc nghin cu m bn d nh chuyn su vo. Bn khng cn phi nu ra ngnh hc bn d nh theo ui khi mi vo trng. Tuy nhin, nu bn c mc tiu c th v bng cp, bn nn xc nh nhng trng c o to ngnh hc . Mt s ngnh hc c nhiu trng o to. Xc nh c ngnh bn mun theo hc tuy c ch nhng vn cn c mt danh sch di cc trng chn la. Nu bn xc nh c mt chuyn mn c th trong lnh vc bn quan tm (v d nh bn quan tm ti lch s th k XX, hay a l mi trng, hay v trong ngnh m thut), th vic xc nh trng c o to chuyn ngnh hay khng s gip bn thu hp s lng trng cn la chn. Hu ht cc cun nin gim i hc Hoa K u lit k tn trng theo cc ngnh hc ch yu nht m trng o to. Cc chng trnh tm kim bng my tnh c sn trn cc trang Web hoc ti Trung tm thng tin v T vn du hc Hoa K c th gip bn thu hp s lng trng cn nhc. Hy tn dng cc cun sch gii thiu v trng v bn tin ca trng xem c ngnh hc yu thch ca bn khng v cc chng trnh o to c chuyn mn m bn mun khng.
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Trng tm ging dy Bn nn kim tra xem trng coi trng cc bi ging n u. Liu trng tp trung vo gio dc chuyn su hay cc ngnh khoa hc x hi v t nhin? Sinh vin i hc hay nghin cu sinh chim a s trong trng? Nhiu trng khoa hc x hi v t nhin coi trng vic ging dy v s trao i tho lun gia sinh vin vi gio s hn l lm cng tc nghin cu nn t l gio vin trn sinh vin kh thp. Cc trng ly nghin cu lm trung tm thng c nghin cu sinh chim t l cao, tin nghi ti cc trng ny thng hin i v c cc gio s ni ting th gii. Tuy nhin, mt s trng dng ny, cc sinh vin 2 nm u do cc nghin cu sinh ging dy ch khng phi l gio s. Phng php la chn sinh vin V h thng gio dc Hoa K rt su rng, yu cu tuyn sinh gia cc trng rt khc nhau. Mt s trng t thc v cc trng khoa hc t nhin v x hi c th nhn rt nhiu n xin nhp hc, nhng ch chp nhn mt s t, trong khi cc trng khc c th nhn tt c cc sinh vin ng k nu h p ng c cc yu cu tuyn sinh. Hu ht cc nin gim trng i hc v catal ca cc trng c lit k s th sinh v s sinh vin c nhn vo trng nm trc cng vi im kim tra nh gi hc vn (Scholastic Assessment Test - SAT) trung bnh v im bnh qun (Grade Point Average - GPA) nm hc trc ca cc sinh vin c chp nhn. Tuy vy, cc nh gi la chn s dng d liu kiu ny c xu hng ch trng ti im kim tra nhp hc vn ch l mt phn ca n xin hc. Nn nh rng, cc gio vin tuyn sinh xt ti nhiu yu t khc nhau bao gm bi lun, gii thng, hot ng cng ng v kinh nghim lm vic, s thch v cc nng lc c bit khi xem h s nhm xc nh tim nng thnh cng ca bn ti trng ca h.
Cu trc chng trnh ly bng Bn nn nghin cu sch gii thiu v m t kha hc ca mi trng. Nhiu sinh vin quc t chn h thng gio dc Hoa K v h thng ny rt linh hot, cho php h la chn cc kha hc theo s nguyn ca mnh. Tuy nhin, cc chng trnh ly bng trong mt s ngnh hc c cu trc kh cht ch v cc trng yu cu chnh xc cc kha hc sinh vin phi theo v thi gian h phi hc cc kha ny c th tt nghip vi ngnh hc chnh trong lnh vc . Loi hnh kha hc bt buc ny hn ch s linh hot. V d, chng khng cho php cc sinh vin l vn ng vin c hc nh hn trong ma gii thi u v khng cho php nhng sinh vin chm ch c theo ui hai ngnh hc cng lc. Quan trng l phi xem xt k cc yu cu ra vi ngnh hc m bn mun theo ui. V d, nu bn mun hc ngnh k thut ng thi mun c c nhng kin thc cn bn vng vng v kinh doanh, bn nn xem li cc yu cu ca bng k s - liu c qu nhiu kha hc khin bn khng th theo ui thm mt kha hc kinh doanh hay khng? Hoc liu c chng trnh c th no cho nhng ngi mun kt hp ngnh k thut vi mt mn hc lin quan? Gia cc kha hc ca cc trng khoa hc x hi v t nhin cng c nhng yu cu rt khc nhau. Mt s trng i hi sinh vin phi tham d mt s tit nht nh ca mt trong s cc nhm ngnh ln trong khi mt s trng khc li khng i hi nh vy m ch khuyn cc sinh vin nn hon thnh mt chng trnh gio dc bao qut. Chng ch nng cao Cc sinh vin Hoa K bt u chng trnh hc bc i hc sau khi kt thc 12 nm hc tiu hc v trung hc. Mt s trng i hc Hoa K cp chng ch nng cao cho cc sinh vin thuc cc h thng gio dc 13 nm tiu hc v trung hc hoc nhng
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ngi c bng t ti quc t. Cc sinh vin qua cc kha dy ngh sau bc trung hc v c chng ch chuyn mn hoc cc chng trnh tng t cng c th tiu chun c cp mt s tn ch cho bng c nhn. Nhng sinh vin ny s khng phi hc 4 nm Hoa K v c th vo trng vi chng ch nng cao. Bn nn hi cc gio vin tuyn sinh v kh nng ny v c Chng 10, Chuyn tip sang i hc Hoa K", bit thm thng tin chi tit. T l sinh vin v gio vin cc trng i hc tng hp ln, cc lp ca sinh vin nm th nht v nm th hai thng c quy m kh ln, v ngi dy c th l nghin cu sinh ch khng phi gio s. trng i hc n ngnh, ni c t nghin cu sinh hn, cc gio s s ng lp v sinh vin phi tham gia nhiu hn vo bi hc ngay t u. T l sinh vin trn gio vin cao cho thy lp hc c quy m ln v kh nng ch ti c nhn sinh vin ca tng khoa gim i. Cc vn v li sng cn xem xt L mt sinh vin ngoi quc, ti phi xem xt khng ch cc yu t lin quan ti vic hc tp m cn phi tnh ti a im ca trng, kh hu, v.v...
tin n , hc ph, l ph, i li v cc khon cn chi tiu khc trong sut 4 nm. Bn cng cn ch rng hc ph c th tng ln v nhiu trng tng hc ph qua cc nm. ng thi, bn cng nn xem k hoch chi tr ca cc trng khc nhau. Nh V cc trng c cc chnh sch v iu kin khc nhau v nh , bn nn tm hiu xem liu trng c th cung cp nh trong sut 4 nm khng hay sinh vin phi tm nh ngoi tr. Kim tra s khc bit v gi c gia ni tr v ngoi tr. Kim tra cc tin nghi sng cho nh ni tr; sinh vin sng trong k tc c th phi chung phng vi mt, hai hoc ba sinh vin khc. Tuy nhin, sng ni tr t nht l trong mt n 2 nm u c th gip bn ha nhp vo cuc sng trng i hc Hoa K d dng v nhanh chng hn. Bn cng c th tit kim c cc chi ph b sung nh tin mua xe hoc tin i li hng ngy cng nh thi gian cho vic i v mi ngy. Tuy nhin, n nm tip theo bn c th mun chuyn ra cn h ring bn ngoi trng. Nn tm hiu chnh sch ca trng v vic chuyn nh , chi ph v kh nng tm nh bn ngoi. a im Tt c cc vng nc M u c khu thnh th v nng thn. Khun vin cc trng nm trong thnh ph c nhiu iu kin n ung, gii tr, vn ha v mua sm phong ph. Trng i hc vng nng thn s mang li mi trng hc tp yn tnh hn v tp trung hn. Kh hu cng l mt kha cnh ng bn. T nhng vng ng Bc y bn ma n vng hoang mc Arizona v vng bn nhit i Florida, s khc bit v kh hu l rt ln. Bn cng nn nm r kh nng s dng cc iu kin vt cht ti a phng cng nh cc dch v c th hu ch cho qu trnh hc tp. V d, nu bn mun hc ngnh Lch s ngh thut, liu trng hc c cc chng trnh cho sinh vin tham
- Sinh vin Khoa Quc t hc v X hi hc, n t Ghana

Chi ph Ngun ti chnh m bo cho vic hc tp ca bn l mt yu t quan trng cn xem xt. Bn nn c chng 6 ca cun sch ny bit thm chi tit v vic tnh ton chi ph v kh nng nhn c h tr ti chnh. Bn nn bit nhng khon no thc t bn c th trang tri c. Nghin cu mt cch k lng bng chi ph trong cc catal ca trng v cng thm cc tnh ton ca bn v
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quan cc bo tng v phng trng by ngh thut trong vng hay khng. Quy m S lng sinh vin ni tr ti Hoa K c th dao ng trong phm vi t 200 n 60.000 mi trng. Mt s trng ging nh nhng thnh ph nh: c bu in ring, ca hng rau qu ring v trung tm mua sm ring. Cc trng khc c th nm trong cc thnh ph ln ng dn nhng li c s lng sinh vin kh khim tn. Ty vo li sng ca bn m bn c th tn hng mt cuc sng c lp nh mt phn ca mt khu dn c sinh vin ln hoc hi lng vi mt cuc sng thn thin hn m trng i hc quy m nh dnh cho bn. Tuy th, bn khng nn nhn nhn v cuc sng x hi hoc kh nng tip xc vi gio s trn c s quy m trng. Bn hy t nhn nh c hi no l quan trng i vi bn v lun nh ti iu khi c sch gii thiu v trng. Mi trng sinh hot Cuc sng x hi Hu ht cc trng i hc ca Hoa K u to iu kin cho sinh vin Hoa K tham gia vo cc hot ng x hi, vn ha v th thao bn cnh cc chng trnh hc tp. Mc ch trng ca mi hot ng ny s xc nh mi trng x hi m bn thy trong trng. Bn nn xem a s sinh vin sinh hot ni tr hay ngoi tr. Ti cc trng c gi l trng ngoi tr", hu ht sinh vin ngoi tr v i xe n trng. Cc sinh vin tng lai c l s mun bit khng kh nhng ngy cui tun trong trng nh th no - liu cc sinh vin s trng, i du ngon hay tr v thm gia nh vo mi k ngh cui tun? Tt c nhng yu t ny s nh hng ti cuc sng x hi ca trng.
Hi nam sinh v hi n sinh Mt im c o trong cuc sng trng i hc ca Hoa K l h thng Hy Lp cho php sinh vin quyt nh tham gia vo hi nam sinh hay hi n sinh, (S dng khi nim Hy Lp v tn ca hi nam sinh v hi n sinh gm hai hoc ba ch ci Hy Lp). Hi nam sinh v hi n sinh c l l trng tm trong cuc sng ca sinh vin i hc ti Hoa K. Tuy nhin, ngoi vic t chc cc ba tic, cc hi nam sinh v hi n sinh cn tham gia ti tr cc hot ng t thin. Cc sinh vin d ng h hay phn i h thng Hy Lp cn tm hiu xem cc hi nam sinh v hi n sinh c nh hng ln ti cuc sng x hi ca trng hay khng. Nu bn khng mun tham gia vo cuc sng theo kiu h thng Hy Lp, vic chn hc mt trng m h thng ny hot ng ph bin c th gp vn v p lc phi tham gia rt ln v kh nng ng ngoi h thng l rt hn ch. Sinh vin quc t S lng sinh vin quc t theo hc ti mt trng i hc Hoa K c th t 10 n hn 3.000 v tt nhin ch yu l gia hai con s ny. Nin gim cc trng thng lit k chnh xc s lng sinh vin quc t theo hc bn cnh cc thng s khc v trng. Cc Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc ca Hoa K thng c nhiu sch tham kho khc nhau cung cp cc thng tin dng ny. Khi nghin cu cc con s ny, bn hy suy ngh ti cc nhu cu ca bn thn. cc trng khng c nhiu sinh vin quc t, bn c th c coi l nhn vt c bit lm quen. Tuy nhin, nhng trng ny c th c t dch v dnh cho sinh vin quc t hn. Cc trng c nhiu sinh vin quc t thng c cc nhm h tr m bn c th cng chia s kinh nghim nhng bn thn bn s phi n lc hn m bo rng bn cng c th gp g v ni chuyn vi cc sinh vin Hoa K nh cc sinh vin n t cc vng t khc trn th gii.
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Cc yu t cn xem xt khc Ngoi nhm cc trng i hc min ng nc Hoa K (Ivy League) Mc d tin thn ca Ivy League l mt gii th thao ca mt s trng duyn hi min ng, nhng ngy nay thut ng ny gn lin vi mt nn gio dc c coi l cao cp v ring bit. (Ivy League hin gm cc trng i hc Standford, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Penn, Princeton and Yale). Tuy nhin, Hoa K c hng trm trng cht lng tt. ng b qua mt trng i hc no ch v bn hay gia nh bn cha nghe thy tn bao gi; Bn nn xem xt ti cc nhu cu ca bn thn trc. ng gii hn trong phm vi cc trng thuc Ivy League. Nghin cu tt c cc la chn k cng trc khi chc chn mang li cho mnh c hi tt nht tm ra mt ngi trng ph hp vi nhu cu v s nguyn. Xp hng Hoa K khng c danh sch chnh thc xp hng 10, 20, 50 hay thm ch l 100 trng dn u. Chnh ph Hoa K khng xp hng cc trng i hc. Cc th bc ca cc trng m bn tnh c bit l kt qu nh gi ca cc nh bo v nh vy c th khch quan hn. Nhng kt qu ny thng c nh gi trn c s mt lot cc tiu ch m trong cc tiu chun v hc tp hay s ni ting khng nht thit l nhng tiu ch c bn. Bn nn thn trng vi cc xp hng khng c gii thch v cc tiu ch ca vic xp hng . Mc d th bc xp hng c th l im khi u cho vic la chn trng, nhng bn nn nh rng trng tt nht l trng ph hp vi bn theo cc yu t lit k trong chng ny. Cc dch v dnh cho sinh vin Cc trng i hc Hoa K cung cp rt nhiu dch v dnh cho sinh vin nh t vn cho sinh vin quc t, cc chng trnh
Tt c cc trng i hc Hoa K chp nhn mi sinh vin khng phn bit dn tc, mu da hay tn ngng. Tuy nhin, nhiu trng i hc c thnh lp vi nhng s mnh c bit nh xy dng mt khng kh tn gio trong trng, hay gio dc n gii hoc cho cc sinh vin dn tc thiu s. V vy, bn nn c k phng chm hot ng ca trng in trn catal xem cc mc tiu ca bn c ph hp vi cc mc tiu ca trng hay khng. Trong s 3.600 trng i hc v cao ng ca Hoa K, c 600 n 700 trng lin kt vi mt nh th c nh hng ln hoc c truyn thng tn ngng. Ngoi ra, c khong 70 trng dy kinh thnh v cc trng ny cam kt gip sinh vin ha nhp vi tn ngng, o to v chun b cho cc sinh vin ny thc hnh tn ngng trong mi lnh vc ca cuc sng. Theo cc thng k hin nay th c 13 trng dnh cho nam sinh, khong 65 trng dnh cho n sinh. Ngoi ra, cng c mt s trng dnh cho ngi M gc Phi v ngi M ni ting Ty Ban Nha v B o Nha. Cc hot ng ngoi kha Cc trng i hc Hoa K to nhiu c hi cho sinh vin pht trin k nng thng qua cc hot ng ngoi kha nh th thao, cu lc b hc tp, bo tng, ng kch v cc chng trnh b ch khc. Nu bn c nhng s thch c th, bn nn kim tra xem trng c nhm sinh vin cng s thch hay khng - tuy vy, cng ng qun rng nu cha c nhm no nh vy th bn cng c th t mnh sng lp ra. Vic xem qua cc t chc sinh vin cng s mang li cho bn mt nim nht nh v cc s thch v mi quan tm ca sinh vin v nh vy cng gip bn c ci nhn su hn v cuc sng sinh vin ti cc trng i hc khc nhau.
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hot ng ni tr, cc dch v t vn, dch v h tr php l, vn phng nh , cu trc ba n a dng, trung tm y t, tr ging, chng trnh dy ting Anh nh ngn ng th hai, phng th nghim, t vn ngh nghip, v nhiu dch v khc na. Cc sinh vin tim nng c th so snh iu kin gia cc trng chn ra trng c cc dch v thch hp vi cc nhu cu c th ca mnh. Cc chng trnh thc tp hay du hc nc ngoi (ngoi Hoa K) Nhiu trng i hc Hoa K cng km theo cc chng trnh thc tp (t nguyn hoc c tr lng) hoc du hc ti nc ngoi m bn c th quan tm. Sinh vin khuyt tt Nu bn c cc nhu cu c bit, hy m bo rng trng bn chn c th lm bn va . Bn nn dnh nhiu thi gian lin lc vi trng. Bn nn bt u tm hiu ti thiu l 2 nm trc khi bn nh i hc ti Hoa K. Khi bn vit th hi thm thng tin t trng, bn nn vit mt s thng tin ngn gn v tnh trng khuyt tt ca mnh v xin cc thng tin v vic h tr cho cc sinh vin nh bn. Bn cng c th lin lc vi vn phng ca trng gii quyt cc vn c bit ca sinh vin khuyt tt tm hiu thm cc dch v m h cung cp. y c th l mt vn phng ring nh Vn phng h tr sinh vin khuyt tt, hoc c th l mt b phn nm trong mt vn phng chung dnh cho sinh vin. Mt s trng cung cp cc chng trnh ton din dnh cho sinh vin khuyt tt, trong khi mt s trng khc cung cp rt nhiu cc dch v c bit dnh cho cc sinh vin ny. Bn v gia nh nn xem xt cc dch v trng c v so snh vi cc nhu cu ca bn thn. Tm hiu xem cc dch v c c cung cp t nguyn v min ph khng, nhng dch v
no cn sp xp trc v phi tr tin. Khi np n xin hc, bn cn a vo giy chng nhn tnh trng khuyt tt. Nu c th, bn nn n tn trng tham quan v th lin lc vi mt sinh vin trong trng cng b khuyt tt ging bn c c nh gi c nhn. Nu c nhng giy t ph hp, sinh vin khuyt tt c th yu cu cc tin nghi c bit hoc gia hn thi gian lm bi thi nhp hc SAT v ACT v cc bi thi kt thc kha trong nm hc. Tm tt ni dung thu hp danh sch trng la chn, bn nn lp danh sch cc yu t quan trng vi mnh nh cc yu t lin quan ti vic hc tp, a im trng v chi ph. Tm kim cc trng p ng c cc yu cu . Tham kho cc cun sch ch dn v cc trng; s dng cc chng trnh tm kim trn my tnh hoc trn trang Web thu hp danh sch hn na. Sch v cc chng trnh tm kim c sn ti cc Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K. Tm hiu cc c hi gp g i din cc trng i hc Hoa K nghe gii p thc mc, hoc s dng th in t lin lc vi cc gio vin v sinh vin trong trng. Cc trng i hc Hoa K khng c bng xp hng chnh thc nn bn cn thn trng xem xt cc tiu ch ca cc bng xp hng m bn tm thy. Cc trang Web hu ch Nin gim cc Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K trn ton th gii http://educationusa.state.gov
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Cc ng dn ti trang ch ca cc trng http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/cdemello/univ.html http://www.siu.no/inst.nsf/searchform2 Cc trang Web tm kim trng Hu ht cc trang Web ny u c thng tin chung v vic chn trng http://www.collegeboard.org http://www.collegenet.com http://www.collegeview.com http://www.educationconnect.com http://www.embark.com http://www.nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cool http://www.petersons.com http://www.review.com Thng tin v kim nh http://www.chea.org Xp hng cc trng http://www.library.uiuc.edu/edx/rankings.htm Thng tin cho cc sinh vin khuyt tt http://www.miusa.org
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CC YU CU khi NHP HC
c iu kin nhp hc ti mt trng i hc Hoa K, bn phi p ng c mt s yu cu nhp hc ti thiu. Cc yu cu ny gm bng kt qu hc tp bc trung hc hoc kt qu thi, trnh ting Anh, v trong nhiu trng hp l mt trong s cc loi im thi iu kin tuyn sinh ca cc trng i hc Hoa K (xem di y). Chng 8 ca cun sch ny s hng dn bn cch hon thnh mt b h s thnh cng. Bng t ti hc/kt qu thi trung
Hu ht cc trng i hc Hoa K u yu cu sinh vin quc t phi c bng t ti hoc kt qu thi tt nghip trung hc cho php h c th hc ti mt trng i hc
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trong nc, c bit cc trng ni ting thng tm kim cc sinh vin c im cao (bn cnh cc yu t khc). Tuy nhin, nn nh l cc trng i hc Hoa K c cc tiu ch nhp hc v t l chp thun rt khc nhau. V nn gio dc Hoa K ch trng ti cc kin thc rng trn nhiu lnh vc, nn mt yu cu quan trng l qu trnh hc tp ti bc trung hc phi tri qua nhiu mn hc nh ting Anh, ton, cc mn khoa hc t nhin (vt l, ha hc, v/hoc sinh hc), cc mn khoa hc x hi v nhn vn (lch s, a l, kinh t, chnh tr hoc cc mn tng t), v mt mn ngoi ng. Cui cng, cc trng i hc Hoa K thng khng nhn sinh vin quc t di 17 tui. Trnh ting Anh Mt yu cu c bn thnh cng trong hc tp ti Hoa K l kh nng giao tip bng ting Anh. Nu ting Anh khng phi l ngn ng m ca bn, cc trng i hc Hoa K s yu cu bn phi tham gia mt cuc thi trnh ting Anh trc khi nhp hc. Hu ht cc trng u chp nhn kt qu ca bi thi ting Anh nh ngoi ng (TOEFL). Mt vi trng c th chp nhn kt qu ca cc bi thi khc hoc t t chc thi ring. bit thm thng tin, bn nn kim tra catal hoc lin lc vi vn phng tuyn sinh trnh by v tnh trng ca bn. Cng nh nhiu mt khc trong gio dc Hoa K, mi trng c th t ra cc tiu chun ting Anh nhp hc ring, nhng c mt s hng dn chung v cc yu cu trong mc v im TOEFL di y. Mt s trng c th chp nhn vi iu kin l bn s phi tham gia mt s lp ting Anh ti trng trc khi bt u vo hc chnh. Khi bn t c trnh ting Anh yu cu, bn s c th bt u chng trnh hc chnh thc. Tuy nhin, nn nh trong mt s trng hp bn rt kh xin c th thc sinh vin ti nc mnh nu khng chng minh c mnh c trnh ting Anh hc ti Hoa K.
Bi thi ting Anh nh mt ngoi ng (TOEFL) Bi thi TOEFL hin ang c hnh thc thi trn my tnh hu ht cc nc trn th gii, v bi thi trn giy ang dn b loi b. K thi TOEFL c t chc nhiu ln trong mt thng nhng ch c thc hin ti mt s lng hn ch cc trung tm kim tra trn my. Bn c th phi i mt qung ng di n trung tm gn nht. ng k thi: Vic ng k trc l bt buc, bn khng th n trung tm ng k thi v hy vng c ch thi cho bn trong cng ngy. Hn ng k thi trn my tnh cng rt khc nhau. Theo cc hng dn thi TOEFL, hn ng k thi bng th l ba tun trc khi k thi din ra, mt tun i vi ng k bng fax v hai ngy nu ng k bng in thoi. Ch rng trong trng hp ng k bng fax hay in thoi th cn phi c th tn dng. Bn c th nu ra nhng ngy bn mun d thi v Ban t chc thi s c gng thu xp theo yu cu ca bn. Tuy nhin, vo mt s thi im nht nh trong nm hoc ti mt s thnh ph nht nh, cc trung tm u rt bn rn. V vy, bn nn ng k trc t hai n ba thng so vi ngy bn mun thi. i vi cc nc m vn c cc k thi trn giy, k thi s c t chc vo mt s ngy nht nh trong nm v hn ng k l khong su tun trc ngy thi. Bn c th ly cc bn tin thng bo v ng k thi TOEFL t Ban t chc thi ti Hoa K, Trung tm ng k khu vc cho nc bn (xem trang Web v TOEFL ti a ch http://www.toefl.org hoc bn tin thng bo bit thm chi tit), hoc t Trung tm thng tin hoc T vn gio dc Hoa K. Nhng trung tm ny c th yu cu bn phi tr tin bu in, v h c th cung cp cc ti liu n thi TOEFL cho bn tham kho, mn hoc mua. Min thi TOEFL: Nu bn khng phi l cng dn Hoa K v khng dng ting Anh nh ting m song li c gio dc bng ting Anh trong gn nh sut qung thi gian i hc, th bn cng c th c min thi TOEFL. V vy, hy dnh mt khong thi gian trong qu trnh np n xin hc lin lc vi trng i hc Hoa K v vn ny. Cc trng i hc Hoa K
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thng khng chp nhn cc kt qu thi ngoi ng bc trung hc l bng chng v trnh ting Anh. Ni dung: Bi thi TOEFL s dng phng php trc nghim v hnh thc bi lun lm thc o trnh hiu ting Anh Bc M ca ngi d thi. Bi thi chia lm bn phn: nghe, cu trc ng php, c v vit. Phn vit i hi ngi thi phi vit lun. TOEFL l dng bi thi trn my tnh mang tnh linh hot thch ng, c ngha l khng phi tt c cc sinh vin u gp cng nhng cu hi ging nhau trong bi thi. Thay vo , ty vo vic sinh vin tr li tng cu hi nh th no m my tnh s xc nh cu tip theo nn kh hn hay d hn. im: Tng s cc cu hi bn tr li chnh xc v im bi lun to thnh im th cho mi phn. im th sau s c chuyn sang thang im cho tng phn m vi bi thi trn my tnh nm trong khong t 0 n 30. T , im tng s c tnh ton v im ny thng dao ng t 40 n 300 cho bi kim tra trn my. Mi trng s t xc nh im bao nhiu l c chp nhn. Nhn chung, cc trng thng nh gi t 250 im tr ln l gii, di 90 l khng t yu cu. im trung bnh ca cc th sinh hc i hc dao ng t 173 n 250. Cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh tiu chun ha Cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh tiu chun ha l mt phn ca qu trnh nhp hc. Hu ht cc trng i hc Hoa K u yu cu im ca mt trong cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh c tiu chun ha. Tuy nhin, mt s trng khng yu cu sinh vin quc t phi thc hin cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh; mt s trng khng yu cu bt k th sinh no phi c im ca cc bi kim tra ny. bit chnh xc cc yu cu tuyn sinh c th, bn c th tham kho nhng cun nin gim cc trng i hc Hoa K nh Ch dn cho sinh vin quc t vo cc trng i hc Hoa K (nh xut bn College Board, New York, N.Y.) v ng k xin hc vo cc trng i hc ti Hoa K: Ch dn cho sinh vin quc t (nh xut bn Petersons, Princeton,
N.J.). Ch rng cc trng i hc cng ng thng khng yu cu th sinh phi tham gia cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh chun ha. Cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh chun ha ch yu l cc bi kim tra theo hng trc nghim vi mc ch nh gi cc k nng cn thit cho vic hc i hc. Cc trng i hc v cao ng Hoa K s dng cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh lm thc o nh gi trnh ca tt c cc th sinh (t Hoa K v cc nc khc) theo cng mt tiu chun. Nn nh rng bng t ti v cc bi thi trung hc khng tng ng vi cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh. Cc bi kim tra tuyn sinh ch l mt phn ca vic xin hc - ch ring im kim tra tt thi khng m bo cho vic nhp hc vo trng bn la chn. C ba loi bi kim tra tuyn sinh chun ha ch chnh: Bi kim tra nh gi hc vn (SAT I) Cc bi kim tra SAT II theo mn hc Bi nh gi kim tra i hc Hoa K (ACT) Mt s trng i hc yu cu th sinh phi tham d mt s k thi ti ch hoc bi kim tra b sung. bit thm thng tin, bn hy lit k cc trng mun ng k nhp hc, ri s dng cc cun nin gim i hc tng hp hoc sch gii thiu v trang Web ca tng trng tm hiu v cc yu cu c th v bi kim tra hoc bi thi. Bi kim tra nh gi hc vn (SAT) C hai k kim tra SAT I v SAT II u c t chc vi ln trong nm ti nhiu ni trn th gii. Bn phi ng k trc t nht l su tun trc khi k thi din ra. Bn c th tm thy cc thng tin c th hn v ngy thi, trung tm t chc thi, ph d thi v cc th tc ng k ti t ng k thi SAT hoc ti trang Web ca Ban t chc thi SAT http://www.collegeboard.org. Bn cng c th xin bn sao ca t thng bo ng k thi t Ban t chc thi Hoa K hoc ti Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K gn nht. Bn c th phi tr tin bu in cho cc t thng bo ny. Cc trung tm Hoa K cng c th cung cp cc cu hi mu hoc ti liu n thi SAT cho bn tham kho, mn v hoc mua. Ni dung: Bi thi SAT I l bi thi trc nghim ch yu nh gi kh
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nng suy lun ngn ng v ton hc. Bi thi ny chia lm by bi, mi bi na ting: ba bi ngn ng, ba bi ton v mt bi b sung, bi cn bng ny c th l ngn ng hoc ton hc. Bi tp cui cng ny c s dng m bo kh qua cc nm v khng c tnh vo im. Bi thi SAT II theo mn hc cng l bi thi trc nghim nhng ch ko di mt ting. Chng nh gi kin thc ca th sinh trong tng lnh vc mn hc c th. Cc mn hc hin nay bao gm: Lch s nc Hoa K v cc nghin cu x hi Sinh hc Ha hc Ting Trung Quc Ting Anh Ting Php Ting c Ting Ting Nht Ting Hn Ting Latinh Vn hc Ton hc Ting Do Thi hin i Vt l Ting Ty Ban Nha Lch s th gii Vit vn
trng khc li cho bn t quyt nh. Trong trng hp ny, bn nn d thi cc mn l th mnh ca bn. im: Cc bi ngn ng v ton hc ca bi thi SAT I c chm theo thang im 200 n 800 cho mi phn. V th, im cao nht c th t c vi bi thi SAT I l 1.600 im. Khi thng bo im cho trng, im cho phn ngn ng v phn ton hc s c tch ring. Hu ht cc cun nin gim i hc v cc quyn gii thiu v trng i hc u ghi li im trung bnh ca mi trng hng dn bn v s la chn tng i. Bi thi SAT II theo mn hc cng c chm theo thang im t 200 n 800. Bi nh gi kim tra i hc Hoa K (ACT) Bi thi ACT do Chng trnh kim tra i hc Hoa K qun l v c t chc ti a l nm ln mt nm ti cc nc trn th gii. Khng ging thi SAT, s ln t chc thi ACT ty thuc vo tng trung tm. Sinh vin quc t thng khng cn thi ACT. Tuy nhin, nu trng bn chn i hi, th bn phi chun b trc khng l ngy thi ti trung tm gn nht. Bn cn ng k trc t hai n ba tun trc ngy thi. V kt qu thi ACT khng c chp nhn rng ri nh SAT, bn nn kim tra vi trng ang xin nhp hc xem h c chp nhn kt qu ACT thay cho bi thi SAT khng. Bn c th ly cc thng tin c th hn v ngy thi v trung tm thi trong t thng bo ng k ly t Ban t chc thi v cc Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K. Lu rng bn c th phi tr tin bu in cho cc t thng bo ny. Ni dung: bi thi ACT l bi thi trc nghim nh gi trnh ting Anh, ton hc, c v suy lun khoa hc. im: Vi mi mt trong bn mn nu trn, bn s nhn c mt mc im th l tng im ca cc cu tr li ng. im th sau s c chuyn sang thang im t 1 n 36. im cui cng c tnh bng cch ly tng im tnh theo thang ri chia cho 4. im cui cng cao nht l 36 v thp nht l 1. Phi mt vi tun, im ca bn mi c gi ti trng.
Nhiu trng i hc v cao ng Hoa K, c bit l nhng trng c cc tiu ch nhp hc cao thng i hi hoc khuyn khch cc th sinh thi mt hoc nhiu bi SAT II c nhn v/hoc xp lp. Cn kim tra cc yu cu ca tng trng trc khi ng k thi bt k bi SAT II no. Trong khi mt s trng yu cu c th cc bi kim tra theo ch bn phi tham gia, cc
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Tm tt ni dung xin theo hc mt bng c nhn ti Hoa K, bn phi c bng t ti hoc kt qu thi tt nghip trung hc ti nc ca bn. Bn phi t 17 tui tr ln. Nhiu trng nhng khng phi l tt c cc trng yu cu cc th sinh quc t phi tham d k thi tuyn sinh, thng l bi thi nh gi hc vn (SAT I) hoc bi nh gi kim tra i hc Hoa K (ACT). Mt s trng c th yu cu c im thi SAT II theo mn hc. Hy nghin cu trc xc nh cc yu cu c th v cc bi thi. Cc k thi SAT c t chc vi ln trong mt nm hc, v cc ti liu ng k c sn t Ban t chc thi hoc cc Trung tm thng tin v T vn gio dc Hoa K. Bn cng c th ng k ngay trn mng. Nu ting Anh khng phi l ting m ca bn, bn cng cn tham gia k thi Ting Anh nh mt ngoi ng (TOEFL). Trong mt s trng hp nht nh, mt bi thi trnh ting Anh khc cng c th c chp nhn. Cc trang Web hu ch Kim tra ting Anh nh mt ngoi ng (TOEFL) http://www.toefl.org Bi kim tra nh gi hc vn (SAT) http://www.collegeboard.org Bi nh gi kim tra i hc Hoa K (ACT) http://www.act.org
Chng 6
NGUN TI CHNH CHO VIC HC CA BN

Gio dc Hoa K c v nh rt t, song bn c th nhn ra rng n em li nhng gi tr tuyt vi cho s tin c u t. Chng ny xem xt chi tit hn nhng chi ph lin quan v nhng cch thc bn c th trang tri c nhng chi ph ca mnh, bao gm h tr ti chnh t cc trng i hc v cc ngun ti chnh khc. Ln k hoch trc iu quan trng l cn hiu v ln k hoch v chi ph v ngun ti chnh cho vic hc ca bn trc khi bn chun b v np n xin hc ti cc trng. Cc trng i hc v cao ng thng s yu cu mt bn tuyn b ti chnh v chng t bo m nh mt phn trong th tc xin hc ca h. Ngoi ra, xin th thc
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sinh vin bn cn chng t rng bn c th p ng c tt c cc chi ph cho vic hc tp ca mnh. Nu bn kt hn hoc c con, bn cng s cn chng minh trc rng bn c tin chu cp cho bn thn v gia nh ca mnh. Tnh ton cc chi ph ca bn Nhng loi chi ph chnh lin quan n vic hc tp ti Hoa K l hc ph v l ph, cng thm chi ph sinh hot. Nhng chi ph ny c bin bin thin rng, to cho bn kh nng kim sot phn no chi ph cho vic hc ca mnh. Tt c cc trng i hc ti Hoa K u cng b thng tin v cc chi ph cho trng v khu vc ca mnh. Bn cn cn nhc nhng im di y khi tnh ton cc chi ph ca mnh. Hc ph v l ph Hc ph l tin cng ging dy, cn l ph l tr cho cc dch v nh th vin, cc hot ng ca sinh vin, hoc trung tm y t. Cc sinh vin quc t phi tr c hc ph v l ph. Mt s trng i hc cng c th thu ca sinh vin quc t mt khon l ph bo him y t b sung bt buc. Mc d mc hc ph v l ph c th khc nhau rt nhiu gia cc trng, song khng c mi lin h no gia mc hc ph v l ph vi cht lng ca mt c s o to. S tin m mt trng i hc c th p dng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, trong quan trng nht l trng thuc loi g. Hc ph v l ph ti cc trng i hc t nhn thng cao hn so vi cc trng i hc bang. Cc trng cao ng cng ng, k thut hoc dy ngh c mc thu l ph thp nht. Cc trng i hc ca bang thu ca nhng ngi ngoi bang mc hc ph cao hn so vi c dn ca bang. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, nhng sinh vin quc t hc ti cc trng i hc ca bang s phi tr mc hc ph cao hn ny trong sut qu trnh hc ca mnh v h khng iu kin hng mc hc ph dnh cho c dn ca bang. Cng cn nh rng khng
phi tt c cc trng i hc thu hc ph v l ph thp cng ng thi c chi ph sinh hot thp; bn cn xem xt c hai yu t c lng chnh xc hn mc chi tiu hng nm ca mnh. Do hc ph v l ph ca cc trng khc nhau v tng trung bnh mi nm 5 phn trm, nn tt nht bn hy tham kho nhng ti liu hin hnh nh ti liu gii thiu ca cc trng, cc trang Web, hoc nhng ti liu tham kho c ti cc Trung tm thng tin hoc T vn gio dc Hoa K c c nhng thng s mi nht. Hy xc nhn nhng chi ph hin hnh vi trng khi bn np n xin hc. Chi ph sinh hot Chi ph sinh hot bin thin rt nhiu v ph thuc vo li sng c nhn. Nu bn a ngi nh cng sang Hoa K, d nhin iu ny s lm tng chi ph hng thng ca bn. Chi ph sinh hot cao nht nhng thnh ph ln, ti bang California v ti vng ng Bc. Nhng chi ph ny c th thp hn nhiu ti min Nam, min Trung Ty v cc khu vc khc. Trang Web v ti liu gii thiu ca cc trng i hc l mt ngun thng tin tt v mc chi ph sinh hot hin hnh. Trong tng s chi ph sinh hot m h a ra, thng th bn s tm thy mt lot cc mc nh c tnh cho tin phng, tin n, tin sch, bo him y t, v cc chi ph c nhn. Trung tm thng tin hoc T vn gio dc Hoa K ca bn cng c th c thng tin mi nht v chi ph sinh hot hng thng theo thnh ph hoc theo trng. Chi ph sinh hot thit yu ca bn tt nhin s bao gm chi ph n , song ng qun nhng khon sau: Sch v dng hc tp: Cc trng c tnh chi ph cho sch v dng hc tp trong nm hc. Sinh vin hc ti Hoa K phi mua sch gio khoa cho mnh v gi sch c th kh t. Hu ht cc trng c hiu sch trong trng. Nhiu hiu sch cho php bn mua sch qua s dng vi gi thp hn, hoc nhn bn h sch ca bn vo cui k thu li mt phn tin. Nu bn c k hoch theo hc mt lnh vc i hi phi c dng c hc tp c
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bit, chng hn nh k s, ngh thut hoc kin trc th chi ph ca bn c th s cao hn mc trung bnh. i li: Chi ph sinh hot m hu ht cc trng i hc nu ra khng bao gm nhng chuyn i gia Hoa K v t nc qu hng bn. Phi m bo rng ngn qu hng nm ca bn bao gm khon chi cho v kh hi gia t nc ca bn v trng bn hc. Nu bn c k hoch sng ngoi khun vin trng v i tu v thng n trng, bn nn thm vo chi ph cho v thng. Nhng trng c tu v thng s c tnh nhng chi ph trong chi ph sinh hot ca h. Cc chi ph c nhn khc: Cc chi ph c nhn bao gm nhng mc nh chi ph cho cc dng thit yu, qun o v dch v. Bo him y t l mt yu cu bt buc. Nu bn c ngi nh i cng v chng v/hoc con ci - hoc nu bn c nhng nhu cu y t c bit, bn s cn nhng khon tin b sung ng k trang tri chi ph sinh hot ca mnh. NGUN TI CHNH CHO VIC HC CA BN iu quan trng l bt u ln k hoch ti chnh ca bn t nht 12 thng trc khi bn d nh ti hc ti Hoa K. Vic xc nh mc ti chnh theo hc ti trng i hc ca bn bao gm: Chun b h s xin hc hiu qu (xem chng 8); nh gi ngn qu c nhn; Xc nh nhng ngun h tr ti chnh m bn iu kin tham gia; Gim thiu chi ph gio dc. nh gi ngn qu c nhn Hy thc t v s tin bn cn v s tin bn c th tht s p ng.
Tham kho kin cha m ca bn v nhng ngi khc trong gia nh c th bo tr cho bn xem h c th ng gp bao nhiu tin mi nm cho vic hc ca bn. C gng huy ng ti a t ngun tin ca gia nh. Bi v hu ht cc hc bng (nu c) u ch chim mt phn trong tng chi ph hc tp, sinh hot v c th khng p dng cho nhng sinh vin quc t nm th nht. Xc nh cc ngun h tr ti chnh Tt c cc loi hc bng v h tr ti chnh cho sinh vin quc t u mang tnh cnh tranh cao v i hi phi c thnh tch hc tp xut sc. Bn s thng thy hai thut ng hc bng v h tr ti chnh c s dng thay th cho nhau. Song ni mt cch chnh xc, hc bng l mt phn thng ti chnh da trn thnh tch, bao gm kt qu hc tp xut sc, ti nng c bit trong th thao hoc ngh thut biu din, hoc c th l kh nng lnh o hoc phc v cng ng. H tr ti chnh l mt khon tr cp trn c s nhu cu, tc l c cp da trn nhu cu ti chnh ca sinh vin, c minh chng bng chng t v thu nhp, ti sn gia nh v cc yu t khc. Di y l cc loi h tr ti chnh ch yu c cp cho sinh vin quc t mun ti hc ti Hoa K. Ngun ti tr ngay t nc bn: Tin hnh tm hiu ti nh tm ra kh nng ti tr t cc qu, doanh nghip v chnh quyn a phng. Mc d nhng ngun ny khng phi nc no cng c, song bn c th gim bt chi ph hc tp ca mnh nh hc bng t nhng t chc a phng. Ngun ti tr ca cc trng: Hy gp mt v c vn gio dc hi cch tm kim nhng khon h tr ti chnh dnh cho sinh vin quc t. Vic tm hiu trc mt cch cn thn v c nhng k vng thc t s em li nhiu kh nng thnh cng hn. ng cho rng tt c cc trng u c h tr ti chnh. Trn thc t, cha ti mt na s trng c cp bng c nhn c th cung cp h tr ti chnh cho nhng sinh vin khng phi l cng dn hay c dn thng tr ca Hoa K. Lun ghi nh rng h tr ti chnh cho sinh vin Hoa K
- Sinh vin X hi hc v Quc t hc, n t Ghana
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tch bit khi h tr ti chnh cho sinh vin quc t. ng qun thng bo cho vn phng nhp hc v quc tch ca bn v yu cu cung cp thng tin v h tr ti chnh cho nhng ngi khng phi cng dn Hoa K. Nu c cp, h tr ti chnh thng bao gm mt s loi h tr khc nhau, bao gm tr cp v hc bng v i khi l cc khon cho vay hoc cc chng trnh lm vic bn thi gian. Bn s pht hin ra rng h tr ti chnh rt him thy cc trng i hc bang v ti nhng trng cung cp cc kha o to chuyn mn nh cc ngh k s, qun tr kinh doanh v y t. C th c nhiu h tr ti chnh hn ti cc trng t nhn v khoa hc x hi nhn vn v khoa hc t nhin, ti y dy cc mn khoa hc v ngh thut. Khi bn tin hnh tm kim, hy lp mt bng lit k cc trng bn mun hc. Vit ra nhng chi ph hng nm (nh nu trn), sau thm vo mc h tr ti chnh trung bnh v s lng phn thng h tr ti chnh m mi trng cp. Nhng thng tin ny c th ly c t cc ngun ti trung tm thng tin hoc t vn ca bn. Bng ny c th nhanh chng cho bn thy c c hi tt nht ca bn nm u, v c th gip bn gt ra khi danh sch ca mnh nhng trng m bn s khng th thc hin vic nhp hc vi s tin cn thit. Cc sinh vin quc t thng hi cc v c vn v hc bng ton phn, hc bng ny bao gm tt c cc chi ph gio dc, ngoi tr v my bay. Tng s hc bng ton phn mi nm dnh cho cc sinh vin quc t ti hc ti Hoa K l khong 1.000, v ch c khong 100 trng cp loi hc bng ny. dnh c hc bng ton phn, bn phi l mt trong nhng sinh vin hng u nc mnh, thng l phi xp loi A (u t, xut sc) trong hu nh tt c cc mn hc, c im SAT v TOEFL cao, v c thnh tch xut sc trong cc lnh vc khc chng hn nh kh nng lnh o hoc phc v cng ng. C khong 20 sinh vin hng u t khp ni trn th gii cnh tranh cho mi sut hc bng , v th bn phi ni bt trong s hng lot sinh vin xut sc.
Ch c mt s t trng giu c Hoa K c th p ng nhu cu ti chnh ca tt c cc sinh vin m h nhn vo. (Xin lu l c nhn vo cc trng ny thng phi cnh tranh rt nhiu). Nhu cu ti chnh y l s chnh lch gia s tin m bn v gia nh bn c th chu cp v chi ph c tnh ca vic theo hc ti trng. S tin m bn v gia nh bn c th chu cp c tnh ton trn c s thng tin chi tit v tnh hnh ti chnh ca cha m bn, bao gm nhng bng chng nh cc bn k ca ngn hng, th ca nh tuyn dng, cc bn k v chng t chnh thc khc. Cc trng i hc khc cp hc bng hn ch hn trn c s nhu cu ti chnh ca bn cng s yu cu c xem nhng bng chng nh th. H tr ti chnh ca cc trng c cp vo u nm hc v rt him khi c cp cho sinh vin nhp hc gia k vo thng 1 hoc vo cc thi im khc. Sinh vin nm th nht c dnh cho nhiu khon tr cp hn so vi nhng ngi chuyn ti t cc trng khc. Nhng sinh vin chng t c nng lc ca bn thn mnh ti mt trng c th s c d dng hn trong vic xin h tr ti chnh t trng so vi cc sinh vin mi. Hc bng th thao: Mt s trng i hc Hoa K to c hi cho nhng sinh vin kim vn ng vin c nng khiu chi cho i th thao ca trng nh mt cch tr tin hc ca h. Xem chi tit trong chng 7, bao gm c cch thc xin hc bng th thao. Cc hc bng quc t: Sinh vin quc t cng c th xin h tr ti chnh t cc qu, cc t chc v t Chnh ph Hoa K. C rt t tr cp t cc ngun ny, v thng dnh ring cho cc hc vin cao hc. Mt ln na, c vn gio dc ca bn c th cho bn bit liu nc bn c nhng ngn qu c bit dnh cho sinh vin hay khng. Vay tin: Trong mt s t trng hp, bn c th m phn vay mt phn chi ph hc tp ca bn. C vn gio dc ca bn c th c thng tin v cc chng trnh cho vay m bn iu kin tham gia. Thng th bn phi c mt cng dn Hoa K cng
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k tn bo lnh c vay theo cc chng trnh cho vay ca Hoa K, v trong hu ht cc trng hp bn phi c nhn vo mt trng i hc ti Hoa K trc khi xin vay. Trc khi nhn tin cho vay, phi chc chn rng bn bit s tr s tin nh th no, v khon tin vay c s tc ng nh th no n cc k hoch ca bn v vic tt nghip hoc tip tc hc cao ln hoc tr v nh. i lm: Nhng quy nh hin hnh v nhp c ch cho php sinh vin quc t c lm vic bn thi gian - khng qu 20 gi mt tun - v trong nm hc u tin th ch c lm vic trong trng. Nu lm vic 10 n 15 gi mt tun, bn c th kim tin chi cc khon ph nh sch, qun o v cc chi tiu c nhn, song cng vic ca bn trng khng th tr cc chi ph ln ca bn nh hc ph hay tin n . Khon thu nhp ni trn cng khng th dng lm ngun thu nhp cho bt k bn k khai ti chnh chnh thc no. Cc cng vic trng c th bao gm lm vic ti cc c s ca trng nh qun c ph, hiu sch, th vin, cu lc b sc khe, hoc trong cc phng hnh chnh ca trng. Sau nm u tin, bn cng c th xin vic vi t cch cn b tr gip ni tr (RA) ti mt khu nh k tc ca trng. Cc RA c nhim v lm u mi lin h cho cc sinh vin cn tr gip hoc nhng ngi c cu hi v cuc sng k tc. i li, RA c ch min ph v i khi c tr mt s tin lng nh hoc b tr ba n. Theo nhng quy nh hin hnh, sau khi bn hon thnh nm hc u tin, bn c th np n n C quan Nhp c v Nhp tch (INS) c php lm vic ngoi trng nhiu nht l 20 gi mt tun. Tuy nhin, bn nn lu rng khng c g m bo l yu cu ny s c chp thun. Nu bn kt hn v ang Hoa K theo th thc sinh vin F-1 (xem Chng 11), v /chng ca bn khng c php i lm. Tuy nhin, nu bn ang Hoa K theo th thc sinh vin J-1, v /chng ca bn c php xin giy php lm mt cng vic tm thi.
Bn cn thng xuyn kim tra vi c vn sinh vin quc t ca mnh trc khi xem xt bt k hnh thc cng vic no. C th xem thm thng tin Chng 12 ca cun sch ny v Quyn 4 trong b sch ny - Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K ti trang Web: http://educationusa.state.gov. Gim thiu chi ph hc tp Khi ln k hoch ti chnh ca mnh, bn hy cn nhc nhng cch thc sau gim thiu chi ph: La chn tt nht: Hy tm nhng trng em li cho bn cht lng gio dc tt nht vi chi ph thp nht. y nhanh cc chng trnh: Vic hon thnh bng c nhn 4 nm trong 3 nm s tit kim hng nghn -la. Sinh vin c th y nhanh cc chng trnh ca mnh bng cch: Chuyn i hc trnh hoc hc vt cp nh nhng chng trnh hc bc i hc hon thnh t nc qu nh (v d thng qua nhng k thi vt cp, bng C nhn Quc t, chng ch cp A, hoc nhng kha hc ti nhng trng sau ph thng trung hc a phng c cng nhn ti t nc bn, nu c trng pha Hoa K chp thun); Tham gia nhng kha hc ti mt trng cao ng cng ng gn nu hc ph thp hn v cc n v hc trnh c th chuyn i c; Tham gia nhng lp hc ma h, nu c; Hc thm mt kha hc b sung trong mi hc k. Min hc ph: Trn c s im nm hc th nht ca bn, mt s trng c th cho min mt phn hc ph. Mt thnh tch hc tp tt c th tit kim cho bn hng ngn -la. Chi ph sinh hot: Tr thnh mt cn b tr gip ni tr trong mt khu k tc c th tit kim hng ngn -la tin ph sinh hot. Lm vic trong mt phng n tp th c th em li mt mc
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lng khim tn cng thm tt c nhng g bn c th n c. Sng ngoi trng cng vi mt ngi h hng hay bn b cng gip tit kim tin nu c ni ph hp v giao thng cng cng thun tin. Cc trng cao ng cng ng v trng cao ng 2 nm: Nhiu sinh vin tit kim hng ngn -la hc ph bng cch theo hc cc trng cao ng cng ng trong 2 nm u v sau chuyn sang cc trng 4 nm hon thnh bng cp ca mnh. Tm tt ni dung Cng vi vic bt u chn trng, hy bt tay vo vic ln k hoch ti chnh ca bn - t nht l 12 thng trc thi im bn mun hc ti Hoa K. Hc ph ca cc trng rt khc nhau. Cc trng i hc t nhn thu hc ph cao hn cc trng i hc ca bang, cn cc trng i hc bang li thu nhiu hn cc trng cao ng cng ng. Bn phi nghin cu cc chi ph thc t mt cch tht cn thn. Chi ph khng th hin cht lng ca mt trng. Chi ph sinh hot thay i ty theo a im v li sng ca bn. Nhiu trng trng i bn v gia nh chi ton b chi ph cho vic hc ca bn. Ngun ch yu c th cung cp h tr ti chnh l trng ni bn ang xin hc; tuy nhin, ngn qu dnh cho sinh vin quc t rt hn ch v hc bng ton phn l rt him. H tr ti chnh c th c trao di dng hc bng, tr cp, v trong mt s trng hp, thng qua phng thc va hc va lm hoc cho vay. Tr gip, nu c, thng c trao da trn thnh tch, song i khi cng da trn hon cnh tng thiu.
C hi lm vic ti Hoa K rt hn ch v khng th dng lm mt ngun thu nhp chnh thc. Nhng vn ng vin ti nng nn th xin hc bng th thao (xem chng tip theo bit thm chi tit). Bn c th gim thiu chi ph hc tp ca mnh ti Hoa K bng mt s cch; hai v d trong l tham gia nhng kha hc ti cc trng cao ng cng ng v y nhanh cc chng trnh hc. Cc trang Web hu ch Thng tin chung v h tr ti chnh cho sinh vin quc t http://www.edupass.org/finaid http://www.nafsa.org/students/funding.html http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/oseas/aid.html Nhng trng c h tr ti chnh cho sinh vin quc t http://www.edupass.org/finaid/undergraduate.phtml Trang Web tm kim hc bng - Mt s hc bng dnh cho sinh vin quc t http://www.fastweb.com Thng tin v cho vay i vi sinh vin quc t http://www.edupass.org/finaid/loans.phtml Thng tin v thu dnh cho sinh vin quc t http://www.edupass.org/finaid/taxes.phtml http://www.irs.ustreas.gov/
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7: Hc bng th thao
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Chng 7
HC BNG TH THAO
Cch tt nht c c bng cp trong bt c lnh vc no bn mun l lm ci m bn yu thch nht - i vi ti l chy v nhy vt ro. - Vn ng vin in kinh, n t Nam Phi, hc ti mt trng cao ng cng ng Bn c phi l mt vn ng vin ti nng mun hc ly bng cp Hoa K hay khng? Hin bn c ang tham gia thi u mt mn th thao ng cp cao hay khng? Nu ng th bn c th l mt ng c vin tuyt vi ginh c mt sut hc bng th thao. Hc bng th thao bao gm tt c hc ph v chi ph sinh hot theo hc ti mt trng Hoa K. Loi hc bng ny Hoa K cng cn c bit n vi tn gi hc bng dnh cho vn ng vin hoc tn gi chnh thc ca n l mt loi tin tr cp. Hc bng c cp cho mt din rng cc mn th thao, mc d khng phi tt c cc trng u
cp hc bng cho tt c cc mn. Sinh vin c nhn hc bng th thao c th hc ly bng cp trong bt k lnh vc no m trng o to, tuy nhin h phi p ng c nhng yu cu u vo bnh thng ca trng v sau tip tc t c kt qu tt c nhn v duy tr hc bng ca h. Nhiu c quan chc nng v th thao cng t ra nhng yu cu hc thut ca ring h i vi cc sinh vin ganh ua ginh hc bng. Hc bng th thao thng c trao da theo li mi ca nhng hun luyn vin khi i khp nc M tm kim ti nng mi. i khi cc hun luyn vin i thm cc nc khc, gp nhng sinh vin khng phi ngi M ti cc s kin quc t, hoc pht hin ra nhng sinh vin c kh nng thng qua cc hip hi th thao chuyn nghip bn ngoi nc M. Tuy nhin, iu ny khng thng xy ra, v c l bn s phi lm hu ht mi vic ginh c mt sut hc bng cho mnh. Di y l hng dn tng bc mt gip bn tm ra trng thch hp theo ui gic m th thao v i ca mnh. Mt s sinh vin chn cch khc l tr mt khon l ph cho mt trung tm dch v sp xp c th tr gip h trong n lc ginh hc bng th thao; hy hi ti Trung tm t vn hoc Thng tin gio dc Hoa K ca bn bit chi tit v cc c quan cung cp dch v sp xp ti t nc bn. Hy bt u vic tm kim ca bn khong 18 n 24 thng trc ngy d tnh nhp hc ti mt trng i hc ti Hoa K. Bng cch s dng nhng c s d liu nh Tm kim trng hc v ngh nghip ca Peterson hoc n phm ca Peterson l Hc bng th thao v cc chng trnh th thao ti trng i hc (c ti hu ht cc trung tm thng tin hoc t vn), hy xc nh nhng trng i hc no cp hc bng cho mn th thao m bn chi. T danh sch , hy xc nh nhng trng no o to ngnh hc m bn mun hc. Thu hp danh sch xung cn khong 70 trng. 70 trng nghe c v nhiu, song thng thng t l hi m ch khong 5%. Nu mc cnh tranh l quan trng i vi bn, bn c th mun cn nhc vic ch xin hc ti cc trng thuc
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7: Hc bng th thao
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Nhnh I ca NCAA. bit thm thng tin v ba c quan qun l th thao trng hc ti Hoa K - Hip hi Th thao i hc Quc gia (NCAA), Hip hi Quc gia v Th thao Lin trng i hc (NAIA), Hip hi Quc gia v Th thao ti cc trng hc cao ng 2 nm (NJCAA) - xin xem cc trang Web c lit k cui chng ny hoc lin h vi trung tm t vn hoc thng tin gn nht. Dng Internet tm kim nhng trng trong danh sch ca bn v tm tn ca v hun luyn vin trng ph trch mn th thao m bn chi. Cng cn tm c a ch th in t na, nhng nu khng c a ch th in t th mt a ch gi th hoc s fax cng l . Hu ht cc trng c mt phn trn trang Web ca mnh v in kinh hoc Th thao; Hoa K, in kinh dng ch tt c cc mn th thao, ch khng phi ch c cc mn chy, nhy v nm. Chun b mt l th gii thiu. L th ny cn bao gm tn, tui, a ch ca bn, hin bn ang hc nm th my trng, thng tin lin lc bao gm a ch th in t v fax nu c, cc s o hnh th nh chiu cao v cn nng, mong mun ca bn c hc trng theo mt hc bng th thao, v thi gian bn c th bt u vic hc ca mnh. Bn cng cn chun b mt bn l lch ngn (mt hoc hai trang) v nhng thnh tch th thao ca mnh, bao gm cc gii thng v ngy thng ot gii. Trnh b li cun v vit di nhiu trang; Cc hun luyn vin nhn c rt nhiu h s ca sinh vin nn h s a mt bn l lch ngn gn hn. Nu bn chi mt mn th thao ng i kh nh gi chng hn nh bng hay bng r, bn c th cn nhc vic chun b mt bng video th hin kh nng v ti nng ca bn. ng qun l phi ghi bng h NTSC chun Hoa K. Hy cho hun luyn vin bit v bng video ca mnh. Gi nhng thng tin trn ti tt c cc hun luyn vin thng qua nhng a ch th in t m bn thu thp c t trang
Web ca cc trng i hc. Nu bn khng th tm c a ch th in t, th hy gi n qua fax hoc th thng thng. ng qun ngi nhn l hun luyn vin trng, bao gm c tn ca ngi nu c. Cc hun luyn vin s lin h vi bn trong vng khong mt thng. Nu sau thi gian m bn khng thy tin tc g th hy vit mt bc th ngn nhc h l bn gi thng tin ca bn v vn ang ch tin. Chun b mt danh sch cc cu hi v mang theo bn mnh phng trng hp mt hun luyn vin gi in cho bn yu cu thm thng tin. Nu mt trng thuc NCAA c tuyn bn vo, bn cn nghin cu th tc xin giy php ca NCAA. Xem thm thng tin trn trang Web ca NCAA (xem trang 74). Khi bn d thi SAT, ng qun gi bo im n NCAA (m s 9999 trn mu n ng k), nu nh c mt c hi d l nh b rng bn s hc ti mt trng thuc NCAA. Bn khng th nhn c s cho php nu khng gi im SAT ca mnh. Nu nc bn c th in t nhng bn khng c mt chic my tnh hoc mt a ch th in t, hy th kim mt a ch th in t min ph t nhng nh cung cp dch v nh Hotmail hay Yahoo v dng dch v ca qun c ph Internet. Th in t l mt cng c rt quan trng khi np n xin hc bng th thao, v bn s c li nhiu khi s dng n. Mt li nhc nh: Nu bn c nhn vo mt trng thuc NCAA, KHNG C ti Hoa K cho ti khi bn c php ca NCAA. Nu bn ti Hoa K m khng c giy php hp l, bn c th mt hc bng ca mnh. Tm tt ni dung Mt hc bng th thao bao gm tt c hc ph v chi ph sinh hot theo hc ti mt trng i hc ti Hoa K.
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Cc vn ng vin phi p ng c nhng yu cu u vo bnh thng ca trng, cng thm nhng yu cu m cc c quan qun l th thao c lin quan t ra. Thng th cc vn ng vin phi t lm hu ht cc cng vic ginh c hc bng. ti a ha c hi ginh c hc bng, bn cn bt u qu trnh ny khong 18 n 24 thng trc thi im bn mong mun bt u hc ti Hoa K. Bn cn chun b mt l th gii thiu cho khong 70 trng c mn th thao v mn hc m bn quan tm. Nhng l th ny cn c gi ti hun luyn trng, ghi ch danh v l tng nht l dng th in t. Cng cn gi i mt bn l lch tm tt nu cc thnh tch th thao, cng thm bng video nu c. Nu bn khng thy hi m, hy gi th nhc nh. Nu bn nhn c s quan tm t bt k trng no thuc NCAA, bn nn tm hiu th tc xin giy php ca NCAA trn trang Web ca NCAA. Th tc xin giy php bao gm vic gi im SAT ca bn cho NCAA. Bn khng nn ti Hoa K m khng c php ca NCAA. Nhng trang Web hu ch Hip hi Th thao Trng hc Quc gia (NCAA) http://www.ncaa.org Hip hi Quc gia v Th thao Lin trng i hc (NAIA) http://www.naia.org Hip hi Quc gia v Th thao ti cc trng cao ng 2 nm (NJCAA) http://www.njcaa.org
Chng 8
CHUN B XIN hC THNH CNG

Bn nn c mt danh sch chn lc cc trng ph hp vi nhu cu, s thch v kh nng ca mnh. Bn cng nn cm thy t tin rng bn p ng c nhng tiu chun u vo ti thiu hc ti Hoa K, v bn c th trang tri c chi ph hc i hc ti Hoa K. By gi l lc bt u chun b h s xin hc ca bn. Chng ny a ra nhng thng tin thc t v li khuyn gip bn xin hc thnh cng vo nhng trng m bn chn. Ton b qu trnh xin hc, t khi thu thp thng tin ban u cho ti khi xin th thc sinh vin, nn bt u 12 n 18 thng trc khi bn mun ti Hoa K. Xem Chng 9 c bn tm tt mc thi gian ca vic xin hc ti cc trng i hc ca Hoa K. Tin trnh ny c th hon thnh cha y 12 thng. Tuy nhin nhng th sinh np h s mun thng b hn ch hn nhiu trong vic chn trng.
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Yu cu c cung cp ti liu xin hc Do khi lng cng vic v chi ph lin quan n vic chun b mt b h s xin hc tt, nn hu ht cc sinh vin hn ch vic xin hc ca mnh vo khong t bn n by trng. Tuy nhin, bn c th yu cu cung cp thng tin v bao nhiu trng cng c. Lu n bt k chi ph bu chnh no bn c th phi tr. C th bn c tng r rng v nhng trng no bn mun xin hc v ch yu cu cung cp thng tin v nhng trng thi. Hoc bn c th chn cch yu cu thng tin t khong 10 n 20 trng m bn tin rng p ng c nhu cu ca bn. Sau thu hp danh sch ny li sau khi bn c qua cc ti liu gii thiu, mu n xin hc v cc thng tin khc m bn nhn c. Nu bn c th truy cp Internet, bn s thy rng nhiu trng i hc ti Hoa K cng a thng tin gii thiu v trng mnh ln trang Web ca h, v mt s trng thm ch cn dng in n cc ti liu giy. Nhiu trng cng c cc mu n xin hc trn mng c th c in trn my tnh v gi theo ng in t ti trng, hoc cc mu n c th ti xung v in ra. Nu trng no c np n trn mng, bn nn s dng h thng . y l bin php nhanh nht np n ca bn. Nu bn c th ti xung mu n xin hc, cc phn thch hp ca ti liu gii thiu v cc thng tin khc t trang Web ca mt trng, bn s khng cn lin h trc tip vi trng . ng thi, cng ngy trang Web ca cc trng cng cung cp thm nhiu tnh nng khc, chng hn nh nhng on bng hnh gii thiu v khun vin trng h. Nu bn khng truy cp c Internet v cn bn in ca cc ti liu xin hc v ti liu gii thiu, hy lin h vi tng trng i hc bng cch vit th hoc gi fax, hoc th in t yu cu ring tng trng. Trong th yu cu ca mnh, bn hy nu nhng thng tin chi tit nh trong mc Cn nu nhng g di y. Hoc, bn c th chn cch np mt n xin thi s tuyn. Hy lin h vi Trung tm t vn hoc Thng tin gio dc Hoa K gn nht c cung cp nhng mu n ny.
Do chi ph ca vic gi th n cc nc khc, bn c th nhn c mt danh sch cc kha hc c rt ngn. Bn c th s c yu cu phi tr tin nu bn yu cu ton b ti liu gii thiu. Hy kim tra vi trung tm t vn hoc thng tin gn nht xem h c nhng ti liu gii thiu m bn cn hay khng. Nu bn khng nhn c, hoc khng th tm c tt c nhng thng tin m bn yu cu, hy vit th hoc gi th in t mt ln na cho vn phng tuyn sinh i hc quc t v hi nhng cu hi c th bn mun c cu tr li. Th in t l mt cch d dng c c mu n xin hc v cc ti liu khc, v cc trng i hc ti Hoa K thng hi m rt nhanh. Tuy nhin, i khi bn c th phi gi in hi k v nhng mc c th. Trong trng hp , hy gi fax hoc th in t trc khi gi in, trong nu ngi m bn s gi, thi im gi in v iu bn mun bn lun. Khi no bn nn gi yu cu ca mnh Gi yu cu u tin ca bn khong 12 thng trc khi bn c k hoch nhp hc. T cho mnh thi gian phng nhng kh nng chm tr trong th tn quc t, c bit nu bn gi h s xin hc hoc gi yu cu thng tin vo thng 11 hoc 12 khi c nhiu th tn trong ngy l s thng phi mt gp i thi gian th n c a ch cn thit. Gi yu cu ca bn n u Gi yu cu cung cp thng tin ca bn n Vn phng Tuyn sinh i hc Quc t. Yu cu ca bn cn ngn gn nhng r rng. ng qun ghi y m bu in ca trng trn phong b m bo rng th ca bn ti c ng a ch mt cch nhanh nht. Bn cng c th gi yu cu trn bng th in t. Cn nu nhng g Tn, a ch, tui v quc tch (lun thng nht trong cch ghi tn v a ch ca bn);
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Bng tt nghip ph thng trung hc ca bn hoc kt qu k thi m bn t c hoc s t c; Bt k kha hc sau ph thng trung hc no m bn tham gia (nu c); Bng cp v mn hc m bn mun hc chuyn su (nu bit), v ngy d tnh bt u; Bn d nh trang tri chi ph hc tp bng cch no - nu bn cn h tr ti chnh t trng i hc, hy hi v kh nng ; Kt qu cc k thi TOEFL, SAT v bt c k thi s tuyn no khc m bn tham gia. ng k tham d cc k thi s tuyn Nu bn c k hoch nhp hc ti mt trng vo thng 9 (hc k ma thu), bn hy tham gia nhng k thi lin quan khng mun hn thng 1 ca nm , v nn thi sm hn. (Xem Chng 5 bit thm thng tin v yu cu i vi cc k thi v vic ng k thi). Bn nn xc nhn vi tng trng xem bn c cn tham d k thi SAT I v SAT II kim tra theo tng mn khng. Nn nh rng bn khng th thi SAT I v SAT II trong cng mt ngy, v thi hn ng k cc k thi ny thng l 5 n 6 tun trc ngy thi. im thi phi c gi ti trng trc hn cht ca vic nhn h s. Bn nn dnh t nht 4 n 6 tun tnh t ngy thi cho ti hn cht nhn h s. Nu ting m ca bn khng phi l ting Anh, hy ng k thi TOEFL. Cng nh i vi SAT, ng qun l kt qu thi ca bn phi c gi ti cc trng trc hn cht nhn h s ca h. Nu bn cm thy bn iu kin xin min thi TOEFL, hy lin h trc tip vi trng i hc v gii thch hon cnh ca bn. t nht mt n hai thng trc ngy thi, hy tm hiu v cc ti liu chun b cho k thi v bt k s tr gip no khc m bn c th cn. Trung tm t vn hoc thng tin ca bn c th cung cp cho bn thm thng tin.
Hon thnh v gi h s xin hc Khi bn nhn c thng tin v cc trng, hy c k mi iu. Hu ht cc trng u yu cu nhng thng tin tng t nh nhau, song h c th hi chng theo nhng cch khc nhau. Thng th bn s c yu cu cung cp nhng mc sau y. n xin hc n xin hc ca bn cn phi ngn gn v r rng to c n tng tt. Tr phi c yu cu c th l bn phi in n bng tay, hy s dng my ch hoc chng trnh x l vn bn. Bn nn thu gn thng tin vo trong mu n c cung cp v ch s dng thm giy nu cn thit. Lun nht qun trong cch khai thng tin c nhn cng nh cch nh vn tn bn trn tt c cc ti liu. im ny s gip cc trng theo di h s xin hc ca bn d dng hn. Nn nh rng cc trng i hc ln Hoa K x l hng nghn h s sinh vin mi nm. ng lo lng v vic cung cp mt s bo him x hi - hoc l trng hoc vit khng, ty theo hng dn. Trnh vit tt, tt hn l vit y tn v a ch ca trng bn hc, nh tuyn dng, cc k thi v cc gii thng ca bn. Lun cung cp thng tin v cc kinh nghim lm vic v hc tp ca bn theo mt trt t hp l, hoc l theo trt t thi gian hoc l ngc th t thi gian, ty theo yu cu. Bn s c hi khi no bn mun bt u hc, trnh no (thng l sinh vin nm nht hoc chuyn tip), v bng cp m bn hy vng nhn c. Hy nh rng ngi ta c th chp nhn vic bn vit cha quyt nh vo phn hi v chuyn ngnh bn d nh hc. L ph xin hc Hu ht cc trng i hc thu mt khon l ph xin hc khng c hon li chi ph cho vic x l h s ca bn. Ph ny phi tr bng -la M di dng sc -la rt t mt ngn hng Hoa K hoc mt lnh chuyn tin quc t cung cp bi cc ngn hng hoc
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cc vn phng ca American Express. Xem mc l ph hin hnh trn mu n ng k, trang Web hoc ti liu gii thiu ca cc trng. Chng thc hc vn Mi trng s nu c th loi h s chnh thc m h cn chng thc qu trnh hc trc y ca bn. Theo thut ng ca Hoa K, nhng h s ny c gi l l lch hc tp v bao gm mt danh sch cc lp hc bn tham gia ti trng ph thng trung hc, thi gian hc v im s m bn nhn c cho mi lp hc. Trng i hc ca Hoa K c th cung cp nhng mu c bit yu cu ban gim hiu nh trng ghi trn im s v thnh tch hc tp ca bn trong tng quan so snh vi cc sinh vin khc ti trng ph thng trung hc ca bn. Nu khng c cung cp nhng mu nh th, ngi ta vn mun trng ca bn gi ti liu chnh thc cung cp loi thng tin ny trn giy c biu trng ca trng v ng du ca trng. Nu cn b tuyn sinh yu cu gii thch v h thng chm im v phn loi trong lp hoc m t nhng lp hc tham gia hoc nhng mn bn hc, thng tin ny nn c cung cp bi mt quan chc ca trng bn hc, nu c th. Cc cn b tuyn sinh Hoa K mun rng l lch hc tp th hin qu trnh hc tp trc y c gi cng vi n xin hc ca bn trong mt phong b c trng ca bn dn kn v trc tip gi i t trng. Cc trng i hc ti Hoa K hoc l s t mnh nh gi im s v h s ca bn, hoc i khi h yu cu cc ng vin quc t tr tin cho mt cng ty bn ngoi, gi l cng ty nh gi h s, nh gi h s ca bn. Ngoi bng im, bn cng phi gi nhng bn sao c chng thc ca bn gc cc bng cp ti trng ph thng trung hc, kt qu cc k thi tt nghip, hoc h s v thnh tch ca bn trong bt c k thi quc gia hay thi tt nghip no c tin hnh t nc bn. Khng gi h s gc tr phi khng c cch no khc, thng th nhng h s ny khng c tr li. Cc bn sao cn c chng thc vi con du
chnh thc ca trng ph thng, hoc c chng thc bi mt cng chc c thm quyn chng thc nhng giy t nh vy. Nu cn c bn dch ting Anh, bn c th dng dch v ca nhng phin dch vin chuyn nghip, hoc bn c th t dch h s ca mnh. Nhng bn dch cng phi c chng thc bi mt c quan c thm quyn. Mt s Trung tm thng tin hoc T vn gio dc Hoa K nhn dch v chng thc h s h tr bn trong qu trnh xin hc. C th c mt khon ph cho nhng dch v . ng c gng chuyn i kt qu hc tp v cc kha hc ca bn sang thut ng ca Hoa K. Thay vo , c gng cung cp cng nhiu thng tin c s cng tt v h thng chm im c s dng v cc loi bng cp, chng ch hoc cc phn thng c trao tng. Bng im Khi bn ng k thi SAT I hoc SAT II, TOEFL hoc cc k thi khc, bn nn bit bn mun xin hc nhng trng no. Bng cch ny, bn s c th xc nh ngay t lc rng bn mun bng im ca mnh c gi n nhng trng . Bn s tit kim c thi gian v tin bc bng cch gi im vo lc thi so vi vic yu cu gi im tch bit vo mt thi im sau . Khi bn np h s xin hc, cng nn gi km mt bn sao im thi ca bn nu c. Nh th cn b tuyn sinh c th d dng tm ra bn ghi im chnh thc cho h s ca bn. Trong mt s trng hp, h c th bt u x l h s ca bn ch vi bn sao trong tay. Trnh by v bn thn ng s hi vic th l ht tm t ca mnh - nu c iu g tht s quan trng i vi bn, hy ni v n, bi chnh l iu m cn b tuyn sinh mun bit v bn. Tuy nhin, iu quan trng l phi th hin s xc thc: phn nh nhng iu m kinh nghim mang li cho bn, chng thay i bn nh th no, bn hc c g. - Sinh vin Khoa Sinh hc Phn t v Di truyn hc, n t Rumani
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Nhiu trng yu cu ng vin phi np mt bi lun hoc mt bn tuyn b c nhn trong qu trnh tuyn sinh. Khi cn b tuyn sinh ca trng c phn ny trong h s xin hc, h c th cn nhc xem liu sinh vin ny c th ng gp cho trng khng v liu trng c th p ng nhng nhu cu ca anh ta hay c ta hay khng. Tuyn b c nhn to cho cc trng i hc c hi c hiu bit v c nhn bn, mt iu khng th c c thng qua kt qu v nhng im s to nn phn cn li trong h s xin hc ca bn. Nhn chung, nhng cu hi bi lun hoc l i hi mt cu tr li c th hoc l ng khng gii hn. Cc trng tm kim nhng phm cht nht nh cn cho sinh vin ca mnh v theo a ra cc cu hi vit bi lun. Cc bi lun trong h s xin hc cng cho php cc cn b tuyn sinh hiu bit v k nng vit ca bn, nng lc hc vn, k nng t chc, mc ch xin hc ti mt trng Hoa K v nhng l do khin bn chn lnh vc hc . Cc cn b tuyn sinh mun thy k nng vit tt, cng nh s th hin tnh ham hiu bit v s chn chn. Hy vit bi lun trc mt thi gian bn c thi gian t n sang mt bn trong mt tun v sau c li xem n c cn ngha hay khng. iu ny th hin thng qua bi lun ca bn, v cho cn b tuyn sinh bit rng bn l mt ngi c kh nng vit tt, rng bn quan tm n bi lun, v rng bn sn lng dnh thi gian chun b tt bi lun. Mt s li khuyn chung: CN LM: Tr li nhng iu c hi. Tp trung vo nhng bin c hay s kin c th m bn nh r - chi tit rt quan trng. Cn nhc vic gii thch bt c iu g bt thng tc ng ti cuc sng v vic hc tp ca bn. Nh ngi khc c v sa gip cc li ng php v chnh t.
KHNG NN LM: Ni di. Chn mt ch ch t ra tt p. Ni iu m bn ngh rng trng mun nghe; ch ni s tht v nhng l do bn mun xin hc ti trng. B qua li ngh ca trng l bn nn vit nhiu hn v bn thn. Vit bi lun (hoc bt k phn no khc trong h s xin hc ca bn) m trc khi ht hn. Ti cho rng phn quan trng nht trong h s xin hc l bi lun... l c hi bn th hin rng mnh c ch ni tri, hn ngi.
- Sinh vin Khoa Ton hc, n t Ghana

ng qun rng bi lun ca bn l mt s th hin chn thc v bn thn bn v cc kh nng ca bn. iu quan trng nht trong bi lun l phi thnh tht v trung thc - cc cn b tuyn sinh c hng trm bi lun mi nm v tr thnh nhng chuyn gia trong vic pht hin ra nhng bi lun sai s tht hoc nhng bi lun do cha m vit h. Bi lun l c hi bn cho trng bit ti sao h nn chp thun bn ch khng phi nhng sinh vin khc - hy tn dng c hi . Th gii thiu Nhng mu chuyn cn tt hn nhiu so vi hng chui nhng tnh t v trng t.
- Ph Trng phng Tuyn sinh, i hc Bc Carolina ti Chapel Hill

Thng th bn s c yu cu phi c t nht hai th gii thiu. Nhng th ny c th c vit bi hiu trng trng bn, c vn trng hc ca bn, gia s ca bn, hoc bt k gio vin
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no bit r v bn. Nhng ngi gii thiu bn phi c kh nng bit v vic hc tp ca bn v c th nh gi c tim nng hc tt ca bn ti trng i hc. Nu bn bit mn hc bn c k hoch i vo chuyn su, hy nh gio vin mn hc vit th gii thiu. Th gii thiu t cc gio vin Hoa K s rt c ch v c th di hn v chi tit hn nhng th gii thiu ca gio vin cc nc khc. Nhng th gii thiu vit ti, nhn xt khng tt, hoc ti tr s phn nh quyt nh la chn ngi gii thiu ca bn, v th hy chn mt cch cn trng. Cc mu th gii thiu c th hi mt lot cc cu hi hoc ch mt cu hi chung. V th gii thiu c vai tr tng i ln trong qu trnh tuyn sinh, hy cho nhng ngi gii thiu ca bn bit v k hoch ca bn v ni bn mun ti hc. Mt mu th gii thiu c th bao gm mt tuyn b t b trong bn t b quyn ca mnh c thy nhng g vit v bn. Nu c la chn ny, hu ht cc cn b tuyn sinh mun bn t b quyn ca mnh cho nhng ngi gii thiu c th cm thy thoi mi hn khi vit nhng nh gi ca mnh. Cc cn b tuyn sinh thng coi nhng th gii thiu c la chn t b quyn xem l trung thc nht. Nu th gii thiu ca bn phi c gi trc tip t ngi gii thiu, th mt tc phong lch s thng thng l a cho h phong b ghi a ch v dn sn tem. Cng nn dnh tng i thi gian cho ngi gii thiu ca bn vit th gii thiu. Nhc h k tn ln mp phong b dn trc khi gi i. Bn k khai ti chnh Hu ht cc trng i hc u a mt mu n gi l Tuyn b v chng nhn v ti chnh hoc Bn khai c chng thc v h tr ti chnh trong b h s ca h. Bn khai ny phi c k bi cha m ca bn hoc bt k ai chu cp chi ph hc i hc cho bn, v phi c chng nhn bi mt ngn hng hoc lut s. Hy gi mt bn sao ca t khai ny v bn cng s cn n xin th thc sinh vin cho mnh. Cc trng thng cn bit rng bn c chu
cp t nht l chi ph cho nm hc u tin, mc d nhiu trng c th cng yu cu bn ch ra ngun thu nhp cho ton b thi gian hc tp. Nu bn bit t khi xin hc rng bn s cn mt hnh thc h tr no ca trng, hy nu s tin m bn d nh yu cu trng gip . Nhiu trng i hc Hoa K thc hin mt chnh sch tuyn sinh khng tnh n hon cnh kh khn. iu ny c ngha l tnh trng ti chnh ca bn s khng phi l mt yu t c cn nhc trong vic quyt nh c tuyn sinh bn hay khng. Tuy nhin, xin lu rng trng i hc ch cp chng nhn iu kin xin th thc sinh vin nu bn c th chng minh bng giy t cc ngun thu nhp ca bn. Hn cht v np h s Mi trng i hc u t ra thi hn cht ca ring mnh, v thng th h kin quyt khng nhn nhng h s n sau thi hn , c bit nu l mt trng ni ting. Hn cht thng ri vo gia thng 1 v thng 3, mc d cng c th sm nh thng 11 hoc mun nh thng 6. Tuy nhin, nu nh mt trng cho bit rng h tin hnh tuyn sinh xoay vng th nhng ng vin mun vn c th c kh nhiu c hi c chp nhn. Trong trng hp ny, mt trng s chp nhn v t chi cc ng vin cho ti khi lp hc nm th nht sinh vin. Mc du vy, bn vn nn np h s ca mnh cng sm cng tt. Nhng trng i hc c tnh cnh tranh cao hn c mt thi hn ra quyt nh sm. Trong trng hp ny, bn cn np h s sm, thng l vo thng 11, v bn c th xin hc ch trng thi. V bn th hin s quan tm n trng , h s ca bn c th c xem xt theo mt cch c phn u i hn nhng ngi xin hc theo l thng. Nu bn c chp thun, ngi ta s trng i bn xc nhn l bn chc chn s hc ti trng . Trch nhim ca bn l m bo rng tt c cc ti liu ca bn, n xin hc, th gii thiu, v phiu bo im chnh thc ti c cc trng y v ng hn. Hy gi h s ca bn bng th
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bo m hoc chuyn pht nhanh nu sp ti k hn cht. Cng nn gi in hoc gi th in t cho cc trng m bo rng h nhn c b h s ca bn v rng h c y mi th h yu cu. Lu bn sao h s v ti liu ca bn phng trng hp h s ca bn b mt trong qu trnh gi th. Bn s cm thy an tm v bit rng bn c th np mt b h s khc nhanh chng, nu iu ny xy ra. Tuyn sinh gia k Nhiu trng i hc chp nhn cho nhp hc vo bt c hc k no. i vi nhng trng hot ng theo lch hc k, vic tuyn sinh gia k i khi din ra vo thng 1. Nhng trng s dng h thng qu (3 hc k) c th cho tuyn sinh vo c k ma ng (thng 1) v k ma xun (thng 3). Ngy chnh xc ty thuc vo tng trng. Thi hn cho vic tuyn sinh gia k thng l 6 n 9 thng trc khi nhp hc. Nu bn xin hc vo thng 1, bn nn tin hnh cc k thi s tuyn t nht l 6 thng trc . Phng vn Mt s trng i hc v cao ng Hoa K c th phng vn ng vin ngoi Hoa K. Nhng cu sinh vin ca trng tnh c mt nc c th no thng l ngi tin hnh phng vn. Cc sinh vin quc t khng phi chu thit thi nu nh h khng th tham gia phng vn. Tuy nhin, nu bn c cho c hi c mt cuc phng vn ti nc mnh th ng b l n; l mt c hi tt thc hnh k nng giao tip ca bn, hc hi thm v trng trc tip t nhng cu sinh vin, v hi bt k cu hi no bn c. Mu n xin hc chung Mu n c chun ha ny c cung cp trn trang Web http://www.commonapp.org, v c s dng bi trn 130
trng cao ng v i hc. Nhng trng ny m bo rng h s xem xt nh nhau i vi h s theo Mu n chung v h s ca ring h. Mt bn sao ca mu n c th ti xung t trang Web trn v c th c cung cp ti Trung tm thng tin hoc T vn gio dc Hoa K nc bn. Cn bao nhiu th bn c th lm by nhiu bn sao v gi chng ti bao nhiu trng chp nhn mu n chung ny ty thch. Ngi ta ch ra rng mc d Mu n chung n gin ha quy trnh xin hc i hc, song mt mu n chun c th khng cho php bn iu chnh h s ca mnh cho ph hp vi nhng c im ring bit ca tng trng. Mi mu n c lit k cc trng i hc v cao ng tham gia cng vi a ch v thng tin tuyn sinh ca h. Chp nhn Nu bn c k hoch bt u hc vo thng 9, bn s nhn c tin t cc trng m bn xin hc vo khong gia thng 4 ca nm . Cc trng ng nhn bn c th yu cu bn gi tin k qu nu bn mun chp nhn li ngh ca h. H c th s t ra mt thi hn m h s gi ch cho bn. Nu bn nhn c nhiu hn mt li chp thun, hy vit cho cc trng m bn khng chn h c th chuyn ngh chp thun cho nhng sinh vin vn cn ang trong danh sch ch. Bn cng nn gi tr Giy chng nhn t cch nhn th thc sinh vin m bn khng s dng cho nhng trng . Cc trng thng gi thng tin v ch , bo him y t v nh hng vo thi im ny. Tm tt ni dung Hy quyt nh xem nhng trng no bn quan tm v vit th hoc gi th in t cho Trng phng Tuyn sinh i hc quc t bit thng tin v c cung cp mu h s. ng k cc k thi s tuyn cng sm cng tt.
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9: Qu trnh xin hc: thi gian biu v...
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c tt c cc ti liu tuyn sinh tht k. Thu xp trng ph thng hoc i hc hin thi ca bn cung cp l lch hc tp v th gii thiu cho tng trng i hc ti Hoa K. Trao i trc tip vi tng vn phng tuyn sinh nu bn gp kh khn trong vic c c nhiu bn chng t chnh thc t t nc bn. Hon thnh v gi ton b h s xin hc ti cc trng trc hn cht ca h. Cc trang Web hu ch Nhiu trang Web v tm kim trng cng bao gm c li khuyn xin hc thnh cng v ng dn n cc mu n xin hc trn mng: http://www.collegeboard.org http://www.collegenet.com http://www.collegeview.com
Chng 9
QU TRNH XIN HC: THI GIAN BIU V DANH MC CNG VIC

Di y l gi thi gian biu cho vic xin hc ti cc trng i hc Hoa K. i khi c th hon thnh tin trnh ny nhanh hn, song bn c th c kh nng la chn trng hn ch hn nhiu. Ln k hoch t sm cho bn thi gian thnh cng trong vic xin hc ti nhng trng m bn chn. 12 N 18 THNG TRC khi bt u nm hc m bn hy vng s vo hc, hy bt u cn nhc, tm kim v lm nhng vic sau: Nhng l do khin bn mun hc Hoa K l g?
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9: Qu trnh xin hc: thi gian biu v...
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Nhng trng i hc no s p ng c nhu cu ca bn? Bn c cn h tr ti chnh khng? Tm hiu thi hn cht ca vic xin hc v xin h tr ti chnh. iu ny s tc ng n thi im bn tham d cc k thi c chun ha cn c c tuyn sinh bi v kt qu cc k thi phi c gi ti vn phng tuyn sinh khng mun qu nhng thi hn cht ni trn. Bn nn tham d cc k thi trc khi np h s xin hc ti cc trng. ng k tham gia cc k thi tiu chun nu cc trng m bn xin hc yu cu. Bt u thu hp chn la ca bn vo khong 10 n 20 trng. 12 THNG TRC khi nhp hc, hon thnh nhng vic sau (nhng thng nu ra y ch l c tnh, da trn vic nhp hc vo ma thu): Thng 8 Lin h vi cc trng ly ti liu gii thiu v mu n xin hc v xin h tr ti chnh. Ly mu ng k thi cc k thi TOEFL, SAT I v SAT II nu cn thit. Thng 9 - 12 ngh trng ca bn cp cho mt bn l lch hc tp chnh thc. Nh gio vin ca bn vit th gii thiu. Np h s xin hc hon chnh ( xin hc cng nh xin h tr ti chnh). Kim tra li xem l lch hc tp v th gii thiu c gi i cha.
Tham d cc k thi tuyn sinh cn thit. Thng 1 - 4 Cn np h s trc hn cht ca cc trng; Xin lu rng mc thi gian ny l cho nhng k tuyn sinh thng thng - nhng thi hn tuyn sinh sm s cn sm hn na. Thng 4 - 6 Nhn c th chp thun hoc t chi. Quyt nh xem theo hc trng i hc no, bo cho vn phng tuyn sinh v quyt nh ca bn, hon thnh v gi li tt c cc mu n m h yu cu. Gi th t chi ti cc trng m bn khng chn. Sp xp ti chnh: thu xp chuyn khon ti mt ngn hng Hoa K; m bo rng bn c tin i li v trang tri chi ph khi n ni. Hon tt vic thu xp ch v bo him y t vi trng i hc ca bn. Thng 6 - 8 Ti i s qun hoc Lnh s qun Hoa K gn nht xin th thc khi nhn c mu n I-20 v sm trc ngy bn ln ng (xem Chng 11, Xin th thc sinh vin, trong ti liu ny). Thu xp vic i li. Lin h vi Vn phng Sinh vin Quc t ti trng i hc ca bn thng bo chi tit v k hoch n ni ca bn, v xc nhn chi tit v bt k hot ng nh hng no cho sinh vin mi do trng t chc.
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10: Chuyn tip sang mt trng i hc...
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Sn sng ln ng Mt khi bn bit rng mnh sp sang hc ti Hoa K, bn c th s c rt nhiu cu hi v th thc, ni n , bo him y t, ngn hng, hc tp nh th no, v cc thng tin trc khi ln ng khc. Xem Chng 11 v 12 trong ti liu ny bit thm thng tin, v tham kho Quyn 4 trong b sch ny - Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K, c ti trang Web http://educationusa.state.gov Hu ht cc Trung tm thng tin hoc T vn gio dc Hoa K u tin hnh nhng bui trnh by v nh hng trc khi ln ng vo ma h, v mt s Trung tm c th cn t chc nhng bui nh th vo gia nm. Hy lin lc vi trung tm gn nht bit chng trnh ca h v t ch tham gia nhng s kin b ch ny. Mt s trung tm c th thu ph cho dch v ny.
Chng 10
CHUYN TIP SANG MT TRNG I HC Hoa K

Mt c im hp dn ca h thng gio dc i hc Hoa K l bn c th chuyn tip t trng ny sang trng khc trong qu trnh hc ly mt bng cp. Tnh linh hot ca h thng hc trnh ti cc trng i hc ti Hoa K cho php hc trnh thc hin mt trng c cng nhn mt trng khc, vi iu kin p ng c mt s tiu (1) ch. Vo thng 9 hng nm c trn 1 triu sinh vin chuyn tip sang mt trng mi v cn thm mt s sinh vin na chuyn tip gia k vo u hc k ma xun. Trong s c nhiu sinh vin chuyn tip t cc trng cao ng cng ng sang trng i hc h 4 nm hon thnh mt bng
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c nhn (xem Chng 3 bit thm thng tin v cc trng cao ng cng ng). Cc sinh vin khc khi u ti mt trng h 4 nm, song v nhng l do c nhn, hc vn hoc ti chnh m quyt nh chuyn tip sang mt trng theo h 4 nm khc. Mt s t chuyn tip t mt trng ngoi nc Hoa K vo mt trng bn trong nc Hoa K. Thng tin trong chng ny c a ra nhm gip bn hiu hn v nhng kh khn lin quan v gip bn tin hnh qu trnh chuyn tip mt cch thun li nht. Hu ht cc trng u mun sinh vin phi hon thnh mt nm hc trc khi h chuyn sang hc ti trng mi, song yu cu ny cng thay i ty theo trng. Ngoi ra, hu ht cc trng i hc c mt yu cu hc ti trng 2 nm trc khi tt nghip. iu ny c ngha l bn phi dnh t nht 2 nm hc ti trng c tt nghip v nhn bng m trng cp. Vic chuyn tip sau 3 nm hc tr nn kh khn hn song cng cn ty trng. Nhn chung, hu ht cc sinh vin chuyn tip u ang hc nm th 2 hoc th 3 khi h ti ngi trng mi. Chuyn hc trnh Khi chn trng m bn mun chuyn sang, hy cn nhc xem c bao nhiu mn hc bn hc s c chuyn tip t trng hin ti sang trng mi ca bn. H thng cng nhn nhng mn hc hon thnh ti trng ban u c gi l chuyn hc trnh. Chnh sch v th tc lin quan n vic chuyn hc trnh khc nhau rt nhiu gia cc trng. Cc trng xc nh nhng kha hc m h s cng nhn trn c s l lch hc tp ca bn v cc thng tin khc m bn c th phi cung cp v ngi trng ban u ca mnh, cng, chng trnh hc, v.v... Mc d cc trng thng c th cho bn bit mt con s c chng khng chnh thc ti thi im h cp th chp nhn cho bn, song thng th bn phi i cho n khi bn ti trng v gp trng khoa c bn nh gi chnh thc cui
cng v tnh hnh chuyn tip ca bn. Sinh vin c th thy mt s kha hc ti trng c b mt i trong qu trnh chuyn tip. H thng cn thm thi gian tt nghip hoc cn phi hc thm vo ma h v tng cng khi lng bi hc nu h mun tt nghip ng thi gian. Ngoi ra, hu ht cc trng c mt s ti a cc hc trnh c th c chuyn sang t trng khc. Hy lin h trc tip vi trng hoc s dng cc ti liu tham kho c ti Trung tm t vn hoc Thng tin gio dc Hoa K ca bn bit thm thng tin v cc chnh sch chuyn tip c th. Sinh vin thng phi tham d 3 loi mn hc chnh c c bng cp ca Hoa K: Cc mn hc i cng bt buc, cc mn hc chuyn ngnh bt buc v cc mn hc ty chn (xem Chng 2 bit thm thng tin v cc loi mn hc ny). Cc mn hc c chuyn sang t trng ban u ti trng mi phi khp vo mt trong ba loi trn nu mun c tnh vo trong nhng mn hc yu cu cho bng cp . Nhng phn di y gii thch cch thc vn hnh ca qu trnh ny trn thc t. Chuyn tip gia cc trng ca Hoa K Do cc mn hc i cng bt buc nhiu trng ca Hoa K ging nhau nn sinh vin chuyn tip t trng ny sang trng khc Hoa K c nhiu kh nng nht trong vic c cng nhn v chuyn tip cc kha hc ca h mt cch d dng. Chuyn tip cc mn hc bt buc i vi mt mn chuyn ngnh c l phc tp hn, c bit nu nh bn ang tm cch chuyn tip nhng mn hc ca mt chuyn ngnh m trng mi khng o to (v d, tm cch chuyn mn hc Kinh doanh sang mt trng khng c mn hc Kinh doanh). i khi cc mn hc ca mt mn chuyn ngnh nht nh c th khng p ng c yu cu cho cng chuyn ngnh trng mi chuyn n. Trng mi thm ch c th yu cu bn hc tt c cc mn hc bt buc i vi chuyn ngnh trng ny. Cc mn hc khng
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c chp nhn tnh vo cc mn hc i cng bt buc hoc chuyn ngnh c th c chp nhn lm hc trnh cho cc mn t chn. Tuy nhin, nu nh khng thc hin c iu th hoc l khng c hc trnh chuyn tip no c cng nhn, hoc l trng mi c th ni vi bn rng trng s cng nhn hc trnh chuyn tip cho nhng kha hc ny. Song hc trnh khng th c tnh vo cc mn hc bt buc bn c tt nghip. Trong qu trnh bn tho lun vi mt trng v s lng hc trnh chuyn tip bn s nhn c, iu quan trng l kim tra v hiu r s tch bit gia vic cng nhn hc trnh chung chung v mc ch chuyn trng v vic chp nhn hc trnh tnh vo cc mn hc bt buc nhm tt nghip vi bng cp trong mt ngnh hc nht nh. Trong trng hp u tin, cn phi lm r hn na, bn c th bit chc chn nhng mn hc no v hc trnh no bn c th p dng t ngi trng hin ti ca mnh p ng nhng mn hc bt buc i vi mt chuyn ngnh nht nh (v d nh Ton hc hay Lch s chng hn) ti trng bn chuyn n. Cun Cm nang i hc cho sinh vin chuyn trng(2) c nu nhng gi v cch thc sinh vin c th chuyn tip c ti a nhng hc trnh ca mnh. Cc li khuyn bao gm: Hc tt c cc mn hc i cng bt buc trong 2 nm hc u ca bn. Hc bt k mn hc c bn bt buc no cho chuyn ngnh ca bn ti trng c, v nhng mn hc ny s gip bn c chp nhn vo mt trng khc, c bit l khi chuyn ngnh ca bn c tnh ganh ua cao. Cc mn hc c bn iu kin l nhng mn hc chun b bt buc phi c trc khi bn c th bt u i vo bn thn mn chuyn ngnh. Ln k hoch hc a s cc mn hc bt buc i vi chuyn ngnh ca bn sau khi bn chuyn ti ngi trng mi v nhng mn hc ny kh c php chuyn sang hn. Nu bn ang hc ti mt trng cao ng cng ng, hy phi hp cht ch vi c vn chuyn mn ca bn trong vic
ln k hoch lch hc v hc cc mn c ch r l cc mn c php chuyn (xem Chng 3 bit thm thng tin v cc trng cao ng cng ng). Bn c th yu cu mt trng xem xt li quyt nh ca h v cc hc trnh c chuyn. i lc mt bn l lch hc tp hoc m t mn hc cung cp khng thng tin cho php mt trng c th cng nhn hc trnh; Cung cp thm thng tin c th gip h ra quyt nh c li cho bn. Chuyn ti t trng khng thuc h thng gio dc ca Hoa K Mi nm c nhng sinh vin chuyn ti t cc nc khc vo cc chng trnh hc ly bng ca Hoa K v thnh cng trong vic tip tc hon thnh bng cp ca h. Tuy nhin, h thng bng cp nhng nc khc rt him khi ph hp vi cu trc ca cc kha hc Hoa K, khin cho qu trnh chuyn trng tr nn phc tp hn. V d, nu ti t nc ca mnh bn ch hc mt ch c bng cp, th cc mn m bn hc s khng ph hp vi nhng ch a dng m mt sinh vin i hc Hoa K phi hc p ng c cc kha hc i cng bt buc ca mnh. Cc loi trng nhng nc khc cng khng ging nh Hoa K, v cn nhiu im khc bit na. Trng mi cn phi xem xt mt s yu t khi cng nhn hc trnh i vi nhng mn hc bn thc hin ti mt trng khng phi Hoa K. Pat Parker, Tr l Trng phng Tuyn sinh sinh vin quc t ti i hc Bang Iowa(3) ch ra 3 yu t m cc trng i hc Hoa K thng xem xt: Liu trng i hc hoc cao ng ca bn c c cng nhn bi B Gio dc t nc bn khng? Cc trng i hc Hoa K thng tm nhng trng c B Gio dc cng nhn; Tuy nhin, nu mt c quan chnh quyn no khc cng nhn trng ca bn, th bn vn c th c chp nhn. Cc quyt nh khc nhau ty theo trng v thng ph thuc vo vic xt xem tnh hnh s ra sao i vi mt trng tng t ti Hoa K.
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Cc mn bn hc c bn cht hoc c tnh tng t nh th no so vi nhng mn hc ti trng bn mun chuyn n? Cc trng Hoa K thng nh gi s tng t bng cch xem xt thng tin t cc t qung co kha hc, ti liu gii thiu v trng, cng bi ging. Nu trng ca bn khng c bit n ti Hoa K, trng mi c th s phi nh gi chi tit hn i vi bn khi bn ti ni, v ch sau h mi quyt nh c cng nhn vic chuyn hc trnh ca bn khng. Cc mn bn hc c ph hp vi bng cp bn mun t c hay khng, c bit l mn chuyn ngnh? iu ny thng lin quan n vic nh gi cc mn hc bi c vn phng tuyn sinh v khoa chuyn ngnh m bn mun vo hc. Trc ht h s xt xem liu cc mn hc c th c chp nhn lm hc trnh chuyn tip hay khng, sau cn nhc xem liu chng c th c tnh vo cc mn hc bt buc i vi mt chuyn ngnh c th hay khng. Mt ln na, quyt nh ny c th cha c a ra cho ti khi bn ti ni, v quyt nh c th khc nhau gia cc trng. Vic xin c tnh cc mn hc vo mt chuyn ngnh c th kh khn nht i vi nhng chng trnh chuyn mn ngh nghip nh k s, kin trc hay bo ch, i vi nhng chng trnh cc mn hc bt buc c xy dng rt cn thn v thng phi theo s sp t ca cc c quan ngh nghip c thm quyn. Ngoi ra, lm cho qu trnh chuyn trng sun s nht trong phm vi c th, bn nn: m bo rng tt c cc h s hc tp m bn cung cp u l bn chnh thc v c ng du gc ca trng ban hnh. Np m t mn hc bng ting Anh cho tt c cc mn hc sau khi tt nghip ph thng. M t mn hc cng cn bao gm: Tm tt hoc phc tho nhng ch chnh c bao qut trong mi mn hc (Nu khng c bn phc tho, hy t vit bn tm tt v xin trng chng nhn tnh
chnh xc ca n); S n v hc trnh hoc gi hc yu cu hng tun i vi mi mn hc, k c gi hc trn lp v gi thc hnh. di ca hc k hoc nm hc, v nu cha nu u khc th nu c nm bn hc mn .
Chun b mt danh sch cc cun gio trnh c s dng trong mi mn hc v vic ny s c ch nu nh sau khi bn n trng ngi ta mi quyt nh xem c cng nhn hc trnh ca bn i vi nhng mn hc c th hay khng. Cung cp thng tin v tng s mn hc, hc trnh hoc n v hc trnh bt buc i vi chng ch hoc chng trnh hc m bn chuyn sang t . Nhng sinh vin chuyn ti mt trng Hoa K cng c th nhn c hc trnh cho nhng mn hc trng ph thng nu n c coi l tng ng vi mn hc m u bc i hc Hoa K. Hy hi tng trng v kh nng ny. Qu trnh xin chuyn trng Vic xin chuyn trng ca sinh vin kh tn thi gian, v bn nn bt u ln k hoch chuyn trng t nht l 12 thng trc ngy bn mun bt u hc ti trng mi. Hy nghin cu cn thn phn v chuyn trng trong ti liu gii thiu ca mi trng. Thng th phn ny s bao gm thng tin v chnh sch ca trng i vi vic cng nhn hc trnh ni khc. Chng 4 trong ti liu ny cung cp nhng li khuyn chung v vic chn trng. Qu trnh xin hc ca nhng sinh vin chuyn trng hi khc so vi qu trnh xin hc ca nhng ng vin nm nht. Sinh vin chuyn trng thng phi in vo mt n xin ring, v ngi trng mi thng mun bit hai vn chnh: Ti sao bn li mun chuyn n trng ny? Bn s c yu cu vit mt tuyn b c nhn nu ln l do bn mun c
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chuyn trng. C l y l phn quan trng nht trong n xin chuyn trng ca bn. Hy lu rng y khng phi l tuyn b phn nn v l do ti sao bn li khng hi lng v trng hin ti ca mnh, thay vo y l mt tuyn b v l do ti sao trng mi s ph hp hn vi nhu cu hc tp ca bn. Bn hoc ang hc nhng mn hc no? Kinh nghim hc i hc ca bn n nay l g? Ngi ta trng i cc ng vin xin chuyn trng hc tp tt ti trng hin ti v chng t c bn thn trong bc gio dc i hc. Ngoi nhng iu trn, bn cng s cn phi cung cp cho trng nhng ti liu ging nh ng vin nm nht cho trng, bao gm th gii thiu, l lch hc tp, bo im cc k thi s tuyn, v mt bi lun xin hc. Xem Chng 8 bit li khuyn v cch chun b tt h s xin hc i hc. Cui cng, hy ghi nh rng vic xin chuyn vo nhng trng i hc c yu cu cao khng h d dng; Trn thc t, nhiu trng c yu cu cao cn i hi sinh vin chuyn trng nhiu tiu chun tuyn sinh hn so vi ng vin nm nht. Nhiu trng cung cp s liu thng k v t l ng vin c chp thun i vi c ngch tuyn sinh mi v ngch chuyn trng, nhng s liu ny s cho php bn c mt khi nim r rng hn v mc ganh ua c chp nhn vo mt trng c th vi t cch sinh vin chuyn trng. Tm tt ni dung C th tin hnh chuyn vo mt trng i hc Hoa K trong qu trnh hc, mc d iu ny thng ch xy ra sau nm hc u tin. Bn c th s mt mt s hc trnh v cn thm thi gian hon thnh bng cp ca mnh. Cc mn hc bt buc i vi mt chuyn ngnh c th l kh c chp nhn chuyn sang nht, c bit l i vi cc chng trnh chuyn mn ngh nghip nh k s chng hn. S khc bit gia cc h thng trng i hc v cc chng trnh hc ti Hoa K so vi cc nc khc khin cho qu trnh
chuyn trng cng phc tp hn i vi sinh vin ti t cc trng bn ngoi Hoa K. Ngi trng bn nh chuyn n s mun bit cng nhiu cng tt v ngi trng c ca bn, chng trnh hc v cc mn hc bn tin hnh nhm xc nh xem h s cng nhn nhng hc trnh no. Sinh vin chuyn trng c th phi in vo mt mu n ring v vit mt bi lun gii thch l do h mun chuyn trng; H cng phi np nhng ti liu ging nh ng vin nm nht, v d nh im thi s tuyn v th gii thiu. Vic tuyn sinh vin chuyn trng c th mang tnh ganh ua khng km g, thm ch cn hn so vi vic tuyn sinh vin mi. N i hi cng mc u t thi gian tm hiu v cc trng v chun b tt h s xin chuyn trng. Bn c th cha nhn c nh gi cui cng v s hc trnh hay thi gian cn thit hon thnh bng cp ca mnh cho ti SAU KHI bn ti trng mi, ng k lp hc v gp g vi trng khoa. Cc a ch trang Web hu ch Sinh vin nn tm hiu chnh sch tuyn sinh i vi sinh vin chuyn trng trn trang Web ca tng trng i hc. Xin xem Chng 2 bit a ch nhng trang c lit k trang ch ca cc trng i hc.
Ch thch:
Cm nang i hc cho sinh vin chuyn trng, 1997. College Board Publications, New York, N.Y., 1996 Li khuyn cho vic hc tp ti Hoa K: S tay cho cc chuyn gia t vn gio dc. College Board Publications, New York, N.Y., 1998
(3) (1), (2)
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Chng 11
XIN TH THC SINH VIN

Chc mng bn - bn c trng i hc m bn mong c chp nhn! Bn ang ngh n nhng mn bn s hc, nhng ngi bn s gp, v n nhng kinh nghim th v ch n bn. Song hin gi bn phi i mt vi mt nhim v cui cng: xin th thc sinh vin cho mnh. Cc loi th thc Loi th thc sinh vin ph bin nht l F-1, mc d mt s t sinh vin ti Hoa K vi th thc M-1 nu h ang hon thnh mt chng trnh o to ngh hay thc hnh k thut, hoc vi th thc J-1 nu h ang tham gia mt chng trnh trao i c bo tr. Th tc ti t nc bn Th tc v yu cu i vi vic xin th thc sinh vin khc
nhau ty theo tng nc. Khng th trnh khi vic ti mt s nc cc th tc v yu cu ny phc tp v c i hi cao hn nhiu so vi cc nc khc. C mt s ni ti bn c th thu c thng tin v qu trnh xin th thc ni chung v cc yu cu ring i vi t nc bn. Trung tm thng tin hoc T vn gio dc Hoa K gn nht ca bn s c th cho bn nhng thng tin qu bu v cc th tc xin th thc ti t nc bn. Nu c th c, hy tham gia mt chng trnh nh hng trc khi ln ng m cc trung tm ny t chc. Hu nh chc chn chng trnh s bao gm thng tin v vic xin th thc. Cc trung tm ny cng c th pht hnh cc ti liu giy v chun b trc khi ln ng. i s qun hay Lnh s qun Hoa K gn nht c th cung cp mu n xin th thc v cc chi tit c th v qu trnh xin th thc, bao gm c qu trnh thanh ton l ph. H thng cung cp thng tin ny qua ng in thoi v trang Web. Quyn 4 trong b sch ny vi nhan Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K, bao gm thng tin chi tit hn v xin th thc. Thng tin ny cng c cung cp ti trang Web ca B Ngoi giao Hoa K ti a ch http://educationusa.state.gov. C mt s vic bn c th lm tng c hi xin c th thc mt cch thun li: Hy bt u qu trnh xin th thc cng sm cng tt trc ngy bn ln ng. Tp hp tt c cc ti liu c th gip bn trong vic xin th thc. ng qun chun b k cng nu nh bn c yu cu tham gia mt cuc phng vn. Xin th thc sinh vin: Hng dn tng bc ng cho S qun Hoa K c c g trong vic t vn i vi tnh hnh hc tp ca bn, v dng cng nhiu cch cng tt cho h thy rng bn s tr v nh.
- Sinh vin Khoa Tin hc, n t Vng quc Anh
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xin mt th thc sinh vin loi F-1 bn phi c mt mu n I-20 A-B hp l, xin th thc J-1 bn phi c mu n DS-2019, v xin th thc M-1 bn phi c mu n I-20M-N. Trng ca bn s gi cho bn mu n ph hp sau khi bn c chp nhn nhp hc v sau khi bn chng t mnh c kh nng ti chnh. Khi bn nhn c mu n, hy kim tra nhng iu sau: Tn bn c c vit chnh xc hay khng, c ging nh n xut hin trn h chiu ca bn hay khng? Cc thng tin khc c ng hay khng: ngy sinh v ni sinh, chng trnh hc, thi hn bo co, thi hn hon thnh v thng tin ti chnh? N c c mt quan chc ca trng k hay khng? Thi hn nhp hc qua cha? (sinh vin phi nhp hc khng chm qu ngy...). Nu ngy qua th mu n ny ht hn v khng th dng c sau thi hn nhp hc. Nu mu n I-20 A-B, I-20M-N hoc DS-2019 ca bn l hp l, bn sn sng xin th thc. Vic phng vn xin th thc trung bnh thng ko di khong 3 pht, v th bn phi chun b sn sng ni ngn gn song thuyt phc. Hy t tin, ng che giu s tht hay ni di - cc nhn vin b phn lnh s ca Hoa K c rt nhiu kinh nghim v c th d dng xc nh c liu ngi ta c ang ni tht hay khng v vic xin th thc ca h. cp th thc cho bn, cn b lnh s phi hi lng v ba im sau: Th nht, bn c phi l mt sinh vin chn tht hay khng? Vin cn b s xem xt nn tng gio dc v k hoch ca bn nhm nh gi xem bn c kh nng n u trong vic vo hc v tr li ti trng cho ti khi tt nghip. Nu bn c yu cu tham gia phng vn, hy chun b sn sng tho lun v l do bn chn mt trng c th, chuyn ngnh d nh ca bn v k hoch ngh nghip ca bn. Hy mang
theo l lch hc tp ti trng, kt qu cc k thi quc gia, v im SAT hoc TOEFL (nu trng ca bn yu cu phi c cc im thi ny), v bt k th g khc chng t cam kt hc tp ca bn. Th hai, liu bn c kh nng cung cp ti chnh cho vic hc ca mnh hay khng? Chnh ph Hoa K cn m bo chc chn rng bn s khng b hc v i lm bt hp php. Mu n I-20 ca bn s lit k cch thc bn phi ch cho trng thy bn s chi tr cc chi ph ca mnh ra sao, t nht l cho nm hc u tin. Nu bn c gia nh hoc mt c nhn ti tr, bn lm sao chng t rng ngi ti tr cho bn c kh nng tr tin cho vic hc ca bn? C hi ca bn s cao hn nu cha m bn ti tr cho vic hc ca bn. Nu l ngi khc khng phi cha m bn ti tr cho bn, bn cn gii thch quan h c bit ca bn vi ngi ny, bin minh cho vic ngi ta sn sng cam kt tr hng chc nghn -la cho vic hc ca bn. Hy cung cp nhng bng chng vng chc v kh nng ti chnh ca ngi ti tr cho bn, c bit l ngun thu nhp v con s thu nhp. iu ny khin cho cn b lnh s yn tm rng tin s c cung cp y trong sut chng trnh i hc 4 nm ca bn. Nu ngun thu nhp ca ngi ti tr cho bn t nhiu ngun khc nhau (chng hn nh lng, hp ng, ph t vn, trang tri, ti sn cho thu, cc khon u t), th hy ngh ngi ti tr vit mt l th lit k v chng minh bng ti liu tng ngun thu nhp mt. Th ba, liu nhng mi lin h ca bn vi qu hng c mnh bn s khng mun li thng tr ti Hoa K hay khng? Lut th thc ca Hoa K quy nh rng cc cn b lnh s phi coi tt c cc ng vin xin th thc khng nhp c l nhng ngi c nh nhp c cho ti khi h c th
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thuyt phc cn b lnh s rng h khng c nh . Nu bn i hc theo mt th thc J-1, ngi ta s p dng quy nh 2 nm, theo bn khng th xin th thc nhp c vo Hoa K cho ti khi bn sng 2 nm t nc mnh sau khi hon thnh vic hc tp ti Hoa K. Nhn chung bn phi kh nng chng t rng nhng l do khin bn tr v nh mnh hn nhng l do khin bn li Hoa K. Lut php quy nh rng bn phi chng minh c y cc mi quan h kinh t, gia nh v x hi i vi ni c tr ca mnh m bo rng vic bn Hoa K ch l tm thi. Cc mi quan h kinh t bao gm hon cnh kinh t ca gia nh bn, ti sn m bn s hu hoc s c tha k, v tim nng kinh t ca bn thn bn khi bn tr v nh sau khi hc Hoa K. Cn b lnh s s c n tng khi thy bng chng v k hoch ngh nghip ca bn v kin thc ca bn v bi cnh cng vic a phng. i vi cc quan h gia nh v x hi, cn b lnh s c th hi c bao nhiu ngi nh c quan h gn b sng ti t nc bn, so vi s ngi nh ang sng ti Hoa K. Cc hot ng trng hc hoc cng ng no m bn tham gia chng t rng bn c mi lin kt chn tht vi thnh ph ca bn, t nc ca bn? Bn c vai tr lnh o, th thao hay vai tr g khc khin cho bn l mt ngi mun tr v nh v ng gp phn ca mnh hay khng? T chi cp th thc Nu n xin th thc ca bn b t chi, cn b lnh s phi gi cho bn vn bn gii thch. Tuy nhin, y thng l mt cu tr li c chun ha v khng i su vo chi tit trng hp c th ca bn. Bn hon ton c quyn xin th thc ln th hai. Song nu bn xin mt ln na, ng qun chun b k cng hn ln trc
nhiu. Cn b lnh s s cn c thy nhng chng c mi gt b nhng l do cho vic t chi ln u. Nu bn suy ngh cn thn v cc mc tiu hc tp ca mnh v nu bn c nhng k hoch ngh nghip thc t, bn s thy vic xin th thc l mt c hi chng t rng bn sn sng tin mt bc ln tip theo trong con ng hc tp v cuc sng ca bn: hc i hc ti Hoa K. Tm tt ni dung Hu ht sinh vin vo Hoa K u s dng th thc F-1, song mt s ngi c th dng th thc J-1 hoc M-1. Bn phi t lm quen vi nhng yu cu xin th thc ca nc bn v chun b k cng cho vic xin th thc tht sm trc ngy ln ng. Trc khi xin th thc, hy kim tra xem mu n I-20 A-B i vi th thc loi F-1 (DS-2019 i vi th thc loi J-1 hoc mu n I-20M-N i vi th thc M-1) t trng i hc ca bn gi ti c hp l khng. Phi chc chn rng bn c th chng t cho cn b lnh s thy bn l mt sinh vin chn chnh, rng bn c kh nng chi tr cho vic hc tp ca mnh, v rng bn c quan h cht ch vi t nc qu hng mnh. Nu n xin th thc ca bn b t chi, bn c th xin li, song bn phi cung cp nhng bng chng mi sc gt b nhng l do ca vic t chi ln u. Nhng trang Web hu ch http://www.unitedstatesvisas.gov http://www.travel.gov/visa_services.html
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12: Cuc sng ti cc trng i hc...
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Chng 12
CUC SNG TI CC TRNG I HC Hoa K

Ti thy s quan tm v chu cp ca trng cho sinh vin quc t rt tt. Nhng li khuyn v cc vn hc tp v ti chnh tht tuyt.
ln ng bng cch lin h vi Trung tm t vn hoc Thng tin gio dc Hoa K ca bn hoc tham kho Quyn 4 trong b sch ny vi nhan - Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K, v trn trang Web ca B Ngoi giao Hoa K ti a ch http://educationusa.state.gov. n Hoa K Khi bn c nhn vo hc ti mt trng i hc, thng bo cho h l bn nhn li, v tr tt c cc khon t cc hc ph cn thit, bn s nhn c thm thng tin v ngi trng mi v cc th tc khi bn n trng. Nhng thng tin ny s bao gm chi tit v cch tt nht ti c trng. nh hng Cc trng i hc Hoa K t chc cc chng trnh nh hng khi n ni cho cc sinh vin quc t mi gip h lm quen vi trng v c s vt cht ca trng, gip h iu chnh thch nghi vi cuc sng ti Hoa K. Chng trnh nh hng c th ko di n mt tun v c th mang tnh bt buc hoc t nguyn tham gia, song bn rt nn tham gia. Chng trnh ny s bao gm mt lot cc ch hu ch: cch thc s dng th vin, trung tm y t v cc c s khc ca trng; cc quy nh v hc tp, cc k vng v cc dch v h tr; lm sao ng k lp hc; vn ha v cuc sng x hi Hoa K, c sc v vn ha v thch nghi vi cuc sng ti Hoa K; cc dch v a phng; th thc v cc quy nh php l; v nhiu th khc. Tt c nhng thng tin ny s gip bn ha nhp d dng hn vo cuc sng sinh vin ti Hoa K. Trong chng trnh nh hng, bn cng s c lm quen vi cc sinh vin quc t khc ti trng v cc cn b ca trng. H l ngi s gii quyt tt c cc vn lin quan n sinh vin quc t ti trng - thng c bit n nh nhng c vn sinh vin quc t (xem di y).
- Sinh vin d b Ngnh Lut, n t Vng quc Anh

Khi bn c hc ti mt trng Hoa K, y l lc bt u ln k hoch cho cuc sng mi ca bn vi t cch mt sinh vin quc t ti Hoa K. Mc d c mt s th bn khng th lm cho ti khi bn c c th thc, song phn ln vic ln k hoch c th tin hnh trc to thun li cho vic n hc ti Hoa K. Chng ny nu bt mt s lnh vc chnh cn ngh n v iu cn trng i khi bn n Hoa K. Bn nn xin thm nhng li khuyn chi tit hn trc khi
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C vn sinh vin quc t (ISA) Nhng trng i hc Hoa K thng nhn sinh vin quc t, c mt i ng cn b c bit c nhim v v c hun luyn lm vic vi sinh vin quc t. H thng c gi l cc c vn sinh vin quc t (ISA) hoc c vn sinh vin nc ngoi (FSA). Bn c th ti gp nhng cn b ny hi bt k cu hi no lin quan n tnh trng ca bn vi t cch mt sinh vin quc t. H cng s c mt gip trong trng hp bn c bt c vn no hoc bt c lo ngi no. Trong sut c nm, h v Vn phng Sinh vin Quc t thng t chc cc s kin vn ha v x hi cho sinh vin quc t. Hy nh mang theo vi tm hnh v cc bn nhc hay. V nhng mn qu nh t qu hng lun c gi tr ln!
khi bn ti ni h c th sp xp mt bn cng phng hp l nht cho bn. Cc phng c tin nghi v thng c trang b mt ng in thoi. Cc thit b phng tm thng c dng chung. Bn thng c sp xp ch trong nm u, song bn cng tin xa trong chng trnh hc ca mnh, bn cng c nhiu chn la v ch c sp xp. Nu c ch ngoi trng, bn c th chn cch chuyn ra sng ngoi trng sau khi hon thnh nm th nht. Mt im c o v nh ca cc trng i hc Hoa K l nhng khu nh theo s thch ring bit c sp xp xung quanh mt khu vc hc tp ring, mt nn tng vn ha ring hoc s thch ngh ngi ring. Bn c th mun cn nhc kh nng chn la ny sau nm hc u tin. V d, ti mt trng i hc Hoa K, bn c th thy mt khu nh sinh vin quc t, mt khu nh ni ting c, mt khu nh M-Phi, v mt khu nh v mi trng. Tin bc v ngn hng Hoa K c rt t ngn hng quc gia, v hu ht u l cc ngn hng khu vc, ngn hng bang hoc ngn hng ca thnh ph. Mt s trng i hc c cc hip hi tn dng hoc cc dch v ngn hng khc ca ring h. Trc khi m mt ti khon hy tm hiu v nhng ngn hng gn ni bn s sng v hc tp. C th bn cng s gp kh khn khi m mt ti khon t nc ngoi. ng qun mang tin sng cho ti khi bn c th m mt ti khon v thu xp nhn tin gi t qu nh. Bo him y t L mt sinh vin quc t, bn phi c bo him y t khi Hoa K. Mt iu bt buc ti hu ht cc trng i hc Hoa K l phi c bo him y t, hoc l theo hp ng bo him ca trng hoc mua hp ng bo him ca ring bn p ng c cc yu cu ca trng. Cc hp ng bo him y t rt a dng v c vn sinh vin quc t ca bn c th gii thch v chng cho bn v gip bn quyt
- Sinh vin Khoa Kinh t, n t Ghana

C VN HC TP (AA) Ngoi c vn sinh vin quc t, bn cng s c mt c vn hc tp (AA), thng l mt ging vin v chuyn ngnh ca bn (nu bn xc nh chuyn ngnh). Bn thng gp c vn hc tp ca mnh trc khi ng k lp hc c t vn v nhng mn hc cn hc hon thnh vic tt nghip v cc yu cu chuyn ngnh. Bn c th gp c vn hc tp ca mnh thng xuyn tho lun v k hoch hc tp, v nhng thc mc hay tin trin ca bn. Khu nh ca trng Hu ht cc trng i hc Hoa K mun sinh vin nm th nht sng ti trng. iu ny c ngha l bn s hu nh chc chn chung phng trong mt k tc x hoc khu nh ni tr ca trng vi t nht l mt sinh vin khc. Mt li th ca iu ny l nu bn cng phng ca bn l ngi M, anh ta hay c ta c th a bn v nh vo ngy ngh v gii thiu cho bn v vn ha M. Mt s vn phng ph trch ch c th yu cu bn hon thnh mt bng cu hi trc
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nh v loi hp ng tt nht cho bn. ng qun m bo rng bn c bo him trong chuyn i t t nc bn ti trng ti Hoa K. Cuc sng x hi Ti trng, ti tham gia cu lc b bng, c l l iu tuyt vi nht ti tng lm v n cho php ti kt bn nhanh chng v c i du lch gn nh min ph trn khp nc M.
C vn hc tp ca bn s t vn cho bn v vic p ng cc yu cu bt buc i vi bng cp bn mun c v bt k cu hi no v chuyn mn ca bn. Lin h vi vn phng nh ca trng ngay khi bn bit bn s hc trng no. Bn hu nh chc chn s chung phng ti trng trong nm th nht. Tuy nhin sau bn s c nhiu la chn v nh hn. ng qun mang theo tin chi tiu cho n khi bn c th m mt ti khon ngn hng v nhn tin t qu nh gi sang. Sinh vin quc t phi c bo him y t k t khi h ri khi t nc mnh cho ti khi h tr v. Hy kim tra vi trng bit c th cc yu cu v khon bo him ny. Vn phng cc hot ng ca sinh vin ca trng c th cho bn bit v cc t chc ca sinh vin ti trng. Vic tham gia cc t chc s gip bn gp g mi ngi v ha nhp vi cuc sng ti Hoa K. Cc a ch trang Web hu ch Thng tin trc khi ln ng http://www.edupass.org http://www.new2usa.com Hng dn trc khi ln ng cng vi danh sch nhng trang Web hu ch - Nu bn mun hc tp ti Hoa K, Quyn 4 - Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K. http://educationusa.state.gov
- Sinh vin Khoa Ha hc, n t Vng quc Anh

Mt lot cc t chc v cc hot ng ang i bn hu ht cc trng i hc. Tham gia cc t chc v hot ng l mt cch rt tt kt bn mi, bao gm c nhng ngi M. Bn c th tm thy cc i pht thanh v trm truyn hnh, cc t bo, cc i th thao, v cc cu lc b x hi do sinh vin vn hnh ang tm kim thnh vin mi. Cc trng i hc ti Hoa K cng thng c mt hi quc t na. Hu ht cc trng u c Vn phng cc hot ng ca sinh vin - ni c th cho bn bit nhng g ang din ra ti trng. Tm tt ni dung Khi bn bit mnh c ch ti mt trng i hc Hoa K, hy c Quyn 4 trong b sch ny - Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K (xem danh sch cc trang Web ti trang 113). Bn cn ln k hoch ti trng kp thi tham gia chng trnh nh hng c t chc cho sinh vin quc t ti trng. Hy lm quen vi cc c vn sinh vin quc t (ISA) ti trng i hc ca bn, nhng ngi s gip bn gii quyt bt k vn hay lo ngi no. H cng s t chc cc s kin cho sinh vin quc t.
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cp khi hon thnh 2 nm hc; n c th l bng cui cng (i vi hc ngh) hoc bng chuyn tip (2 nm u ca bng c nhn). Audit (Hc d thnh): Tham gia nghe ging nhng khng c c im hoc tn ch ly bng. Bachelors degree (Bng c nhn): Bng c cp cho sinh vin sau khi hon thnh khong 4 nm hc chnh quy cc ngnh khoa hc t nhin, x hi hoc cc ngnh chuyn mn. College (Trng i hc n ngnh): Mt trng o to cp i hc, hay i khi cp cao hc. Theo mt ngha khc, trng i hc n ngnh l mt b phn ca mt trng i hc tng hp, v d Trng Kinh doanh. College Catalog (Ti liu gii thiu v trng i hc): Mt n phm chnh thc cung cp thng tin v cc chng trnh o to, c s ging dy, thng tin v yu cu nhp hc v cuc sng ca sinh vin. Core requirements (Cc mn hc c bn): Nhng mn hc bt buc phi c hon thnh mt bng cp. Cours (Kha hc): Lp hc thng k ko di t mt n nm gi (hoc nhiu hn) mi tun trong mt nm hc. Mt chng trnh cp bng bao gm nhiu kha hc bt buc v t chn v thng khc nhau ty tng trng. Credits (Tn ch): n v m cc trng s dng ghi nhn vic hon thnh cc kha hc (vi cc im vt v im u) bt buc ly bng tt nghip. Ti liu gii thiu ca cc trng xc nh s lng v loi tn ch bt buc ly bng i hc v cho bit gi tr v tn ch ca mi kha hc xt v gi tn ch hoc n v tn ch. Day student (Sinh vin ngoi tr): Mt sinh vin sng nhng ni khng do trng qun l v nm ngoi trng. Anh ta/c ta ti trng hng ngy hc. Electives (Cc mn hc ty chn): Cc mn hc m sinh vin chn hc c tn ch cho bng cp ca mnh, khc vi nhng mn hc m h bt buc phi hc. Fees (L ph): Mt khon tin m cc trng thu, ngoi tin hc ph, trang tri cho cc dch v m trng cung cp.
GII THCH THUT NG

Academic adviser (C vn hc tp): Mt ging vin gip v t vn cho sinh vin v cc vn lin quan hc tp. Academic year (Nm hc): Khong thi gian ging dy chnh thc, thng l t thng 9 n thng 5; nm hc c th c chia thnh cc hc k c di thi gian khc nhau - hai k, ba k hoc bn k. Accreditation (Kim nh): S cng nhn cc trng i hc v cao ng bi nhng hip hi chuyn mn c tha nhn trn ton quc hoc cc c quan kim nh ca khu vc. Add/Drop (Thm/bt): Mt th tc din ra vo u hc k, khi sinh vin c th b i hoc thm vo nhng mn hc vi s cho php ca gio vin hng dn. Associate degree (Bng i cng): Vn bng c
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Final (K thi ht mn): Mt k thi tng hp v mt ch hc c th bao gm tt c cc vn c cp trong sut thi gian kha hc. Financial aids (Tr gip ti chnh): Mt thut ng chung ch tt c cc loi tin, tin vay v cc chng trnh va hc va lm dnh cho sinh vin nhm gip h tr hc ph, l ph v chi ph sinh hot. Fraternities (Hi nam sinh): Cc t chc x hi, hc tp v t thin ca sinh vin nam c nhiu trng ti Hoa K. Grade/Grading System (H thng chm im): H thng nh gi thnh tch hc tp ca sinh vin. Grade Point Average (im trung bnh - GPA): Mt h thng nh gi thnh tch hc tp da trn im trung bnh c tnh bng cch nhn im ca tng mn hc vi s gi theo hc trnh. Graduate (Sinh vin tt nghip): Sinh vin hon thnh mt kha hc cp trung hc hoc cao ng. Mt chng trnh sau i hc ca trng i hc l mt kha hc cho sinh vin c bng c nhn. High school (Trng trung hc): Cp hc ko di 3 hoc 4 nm cui ca h gio dc 12 nm Hoa K, cn gi l secondary school. Honor program (Chng trnh danh d): Mt chng trnh y thch thc cho nhng sinh vin vi im s cao. International student adviser (ISA) (T vn sinh vin quc t): L ngi lm cho mt trng cao ng hoc i hc, c trch nhim cung cp thng tin v hng dn cho sinh vin quc t trong cc lnh vc nh cc quy nh ca Chnh ph Hoa K, th thc, quy nh v hc tp nghin cu, tp qun x hi, ngn ng, cc vn v ti chnh v nh , k hoch i li, bo him v mt s vn php l nht nh. Liberal arts (Cc mn khoa hc t nhin v x hi): Mt thut ng dng ch cc mn hc trong cc ngnh khoa hc nhn vn, khoa hc x hi v khoa hc t nhin. Cn c gi l liberal arts and sciences hoc arts and sciences. Maintenance (Sinh hot ph): Chi ph cho cuc sng sinh vin trng cao ng hoc i hc, bao gm tin n, , sch v, qun o, git l, i li v cc chi ph khc. Major (Mn chuyn ngnh): Mt ch hoc lnh vc hc tp m sinh vin tp trung chuyn su.
Mid-term exam (K thi gia k): Mt k thi c t chc sau khi ht na hc k v bao qut tt c cc vn hc cho ti thi im . Minor (Mn hc ph): Mt ch hoc lnh vc hc tp m sinh vin dnh thi gian t hn so vi chuyn ngnh. Nonresident student (Sinh vin khng l c dn ca bang): Mt sinh vin khng p ng cc yu cu c tr lu di mt bang. Hc ph v quy nh i vi sinh vin l c dn v khng l c dn ca bang c th khc nhau. Sinh vin quc t khng c coi l c dn, v hu nh khng c kh nng sau ny chuyn thnh c dn v mc ch hc ph. Notarization (Cng chng): Vic chng nhn mt vn bn, tuyn b hoc ch k l xc thc v ng bi cng chc nh nc Hoa K gi l cng chng vin - hoc mt lut s ngi cng l mt v c vn chuyn chng nhn li tuyn th v cc vn kin php l. Prerequisite (Chng trnh bt buc): Chng trnh hoc kha hc m mt sinh vin phi hon thnh trc khi c php nhp hc mt chng trnh hoc kha hc cao hn. Quarter (Hc k): Khong thi gian hc tp ko di t 10 n 12 tun. Registration (ng k): L th tc trong sinh vin la chn v nhp hc cc kha hc c t chc trong mt hc k. Resident Assistant (RA) (Cn b tr gip ni tr): Mt cn b tr gip gim c nh v cc vn khu ni tr v thng l u mi lin h i vi nhng sinh vin c vn hoc cu hi v cuc sng ni tr. RA thng l nhng sinh vin ti trng c min ph v hng mt s li ch khc i li dch v ca h. Scholarship (Hc bng): S tin tr gip ti chnh cho sinh vin i hc, c th di hnh thc khng thu hc ph v/hoc l ph. Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) (Kim tra nh gi cht lng hc tp): Mt cuc thi ch yu l chn cu tr li ng v cc kh nng ton hc v ting Anh c yu cu bi nhiu trng i hc v cao ng ti Hoa K tuyn sinh cho mt chng trnh hc i hc. School (Trng): Mt thut ng thng dng ch cc trng tiu hc, trung hc c s s v ph thng trung hc. Cng c dng thay cho cc t trng cao ng, i hc hoc c s ging
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dy, hoc dng nh mt thut ng ch chung nhng c s gio dc; v d, trng lut, trng cao hc. Semester (Hc k): Khong thi gian hc t 15 n 16 tun, thng ko di mt na nm hc. Social Security Number (SSN) (S an sinh x hi): Mt s th do Chnh ph Hoa K cp cho ngi ang c vic lm nhm tr vo tin lng mi k dnh cho bo him tui gi, tn tt hay cho ngi tha k. Bt k ai lm vic thng xuyn u phi ly mt s an ninh x hi. Nhiu trng s dng s th an ninh x hi lm s hiu ca sinh vin. Sororities (Hi n sinh): Cc t chc x hi, hc tp v t thin ca sinh vin n ti nhiu trng Hoa K. Special student (Sinh vin c bit): Mt sinh vin tham gia lp hc song li khng ghi danh trong chng trnh hc ly bng. Syllabus (Chng trnh hc): Mt bn cng v cc ch s hc trong mt kha hc. Teaching Assistant (TA) (Tr ging): Mt sinh vin cao hc lm nhim v hng dn cho mt lp hc i hc trong lnh vc ca mnh, i li ngi ny c hng mt s hnh thc h tr ti chnh ca trng. TOEFL (K thi ting Anh nh mt ngoi ng): Mt k thi kim tra trnh ting Anh bt buc i vi nhng ng vin m ting m khng phi l ting Anh. Transcript (Bng im): Mt bn sao c chng nhn kt qu hc tp ca mt sinh vin, trn c ghi tn kha hc, s hc trnh tch lu v im thi mi mn hc. Transfer (Chuyn tip): Quy trnh chuyn t mt trng i hc sang mt trng i hc khc hon thnh vic hc ly bng. Trimester (Hc k): Khong thi gian hc tp ko di khong 16 tun trong mt nm hc c chia thnh ba k bng nhau. Tuition (Hc ph): Khon tin m mt trng thu ca sinhh vin cho vic ging dy v o to (Tin hc khng bao gm tin sch v hoc vt dng). University (Trng i hc): Mt c s ln o to sau trung hc c cung cp cc chng trnh hc c bc i hc v sau i hc.
Ti liu tham kho

Ngoi nhng hng dn chung nu trn, c rt nhiu sch cung cp thng tin v nhng ch ring l, v cc trng thuc cc khu vc a l khc nhau ti Hoa K, v cc trng c nhng mi lin h tn gio c th hoc cc mi lin h khc. Hy hi Trung tm thng tin hoc T vn gio dc Hoa K gn nht xem h c nhng sch g, hoc hi xem bn c th n ni no khc c c nhng n phm chuyn bit hn p ng nhng nhu cu c th ca bn. Hng dn chung v cc trng i hc
The College Board College Handbook. Published annually. The College Board, Washington, D.C. The College Board Index of Majors and Graduate Degrees. Published annually. The College Board, Washington, D.C. The College Board International Stueden Handbook. Published annually. The College Board, Washington, D.C. Petersons Colleges and Universities in the United States - The Complete Guide for International Students. 1998. Petersons, Princeton, N.J. Petersons Guide to Distance Learning Program. 1999. Petersons, Princeton, N.J.
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Petersons Four-Year Colleges. Published annually. Petersons, Princeton, N.J. Petersons Two-Year Colleges. Published annually. Petersons, Princeton, N.J.
La chn v xin hc ti mt trng i hc Hoa K
Princeton Review: Student Athletes Guide to College, Hilary Abramson. 1999. Princeton Review Publishing, New York, N.Y.
Hng dn trc khi ln ng Also see Booklet Four in this series, Getting Ready to Go: Pratical Information for Living and Studying in the United States, available on the Web at http://exchanges.state.gov/ education/educationusa
Americas Best Colleges. Published annually. U.S. News and World Report, Washington, D.C. College Handbook for Transfer Students. 1999. The College Board, Washington, D.C. (out of print). Colleges With Programs for Student With Learning Disabilities or Attention Deficit Disordes. 1997. Petersons, Princeton, N.J.
Insides Guide to College Admissions. 1999. Petersons, Princeton, N.J.
International Students Guide to the USA, Ian Jacobs and Ellen Shatswell. 1998. Princeton Review Publishing, New York, N.Y. NAFSAs International Student Handbook: The Essential Guide to University Study in the USA. 1998. Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J. The Ultimate College Survival Guide, Janet Farrar Worthington and Ronald Farrar. 1998. Petersons, Princeton, N.J.
Princeton Review: Best 331 Colleges, Ed Custand and The Princeton Review.
Published annually. Princeton Review Publishing, New York, N.Y.
Writing a Winning College Application Essay, Wilma Davidson and Susan McCloskey. 1996. Petersons, Princeton, N.J.
Tr gip ti chnh - Bao gm cc hc bng th thao
The College Board Scholarship Handbook. Published annually. The College Board, Washington, D.C. Funding for United States Study: A Guide for International Students and Professionals, Marie OSullivan, Editor. 1996. Institute of International Education, New York, N.Y. Petersons Scholarships for Study in the USA and Canada. 1999. Petersons, Princeton, N.J. Petersons Scholarships and College Athletic Programs. 1999. Petersons, Princeton, N.J.
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Ellen Badger, Gim c Ban hc gi v sinh vin quc t, i hc Binghamton (SUNY), New York. Juleann Fallgatter, Bin tp t The Advising Quarterly v Gim c Ban Kim tra v t vn, AMIDEAST. Nancy Gong, cu iu phi vin ca Qu trao i Hoa K-Indonesia, Ban t vn gio dc, Jarkarta, Indonesia. Sandarshi Gunawardena, cu c vn gio dc, y ban Fullbright Hoa K-Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Linda Heaney, Ch tch Ban Gio dc Linden, Washinton D.C. Lia Hutton, Ph Tng bin tp t The Advising Quarterly, AMIDEAST. Nancy Keteku, iu phi vin t vn gio dc khu vc chu Phi, B Ngoi giao Hoa K. Maria Lesser, cu iu phi vin T vn Gio dc khu vc Mexico/Carib, B Ngoi giao.
Amy Lezbeg, Trung tm Thng tin Gio dc Cao hc New England, i hc Massachusetts, Trng Cao ng Gio dc, Boston. Martyn J. Miller, Gim c Vn phng cc dch v quc t, i hc Temple, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Terhi Molsa, Ph Gim c Trung tm Fulbright, Helsinki, Phn Lan. Laura R. Ruskaup, Cu c vn gio dc, y ban Fulbright Hoa KAnh. Sohair Saad, Gim c Trung tm Ti nguyn Gio dc, AMIDEAST, Cairo, Ai Cp. Jaylene Sarrasino, Lut s v s hu tr tu v C vn Internet, Washington, D.C. Ngoi ra, B Ngoi giao Hoa K cng xin trn trng cm n trng i hc Denver (http://www.du.edu) ti tr cho phn minh ha trang ba v qung co cho b sch.
LI cm n
B sch 4 quyn vi nhan Nu bn mun du hc Hoa K do Ban Thng tin v T liu Gio dc, B Ngoi giao Hoa K pht hnh. B sch ny cng c th c tm thy trang Web: http://educationusa.state.gov B Ngoi giao Hoa K xin chn thnh gi li cm n cc c nhn ng gp thi gian, chuyn mn v n lc ca mnh cho quyn sch Nu bn mun du hc Hoa K vi t cch l nhng cng s tch cc trong y ban T vn Hoa K.
Evelyn Levinson, iu phi vin d n, Cu Gim c Trung tm Thng tin Gio dc, Qu Gio dc Israel - Hoa K, Tel Aviv, Israel; nay l Gim c Mng li T vn v Dch v Thnh vin chu u, Education Connect LLC (http://www.educationconnect.com. Louise Cook, iu phi v vit bi cho Cun 1, Gim c Dch v T vn Gio dc, y ban Fulbright Hoa K-Anh, London. Diana Lopez, iu phi v vit bi cho Cun 2, Gim c Phng Tip nhn v H s, i hc Tennessee Knoxville. Roberta Paola, iu phi v vit bi cho Cun 3, C vn gio dc/Cn b d n c bit cho Nam Phi, Tng Lnh s qun Hoa K Durban, Nam Phi. Gaston Lacombe, iu phi v vit bi cho Cun 4, iu phi Chng trnh, Qu Soros ca Latvia, Trung tm T vn Gio dc. ng thi B Ngoi giao Hoa K cng xin cm n cc tc gi, bin tp vin, cc c gi v cc nh t vn sau: Kathleen Alam, iu phi vin t vn gio dc khu vc Nam , B Ngoi giao Hoa K.
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3. Du hc ngn hn, chng trnh hc ting Anh, hc t xa v kim nh:

4. Sn sng ln ng: Thng tin cn thit khi sng v hc tp Hoa K:

2. Hc cao hc v nghin cu chuyn ngnh:

Sinh vin Khoa Tm l, n t Malaysia

Open Doors 2000: Open Doors on the Web, http://opendoorsweb.org/.

Vin Gio dc Quc t, New York, N.Y.

2: Bng c nhn ca hoa k

BNG C NHN CA Hoa K

2: Bng c nhn ca hoa k

2: Bng c nhn ca hoa k

im bng ch A B C Tng cng

Gi tr bng s 4.0 3.0 2.0

27 chia cho 9 = 3,0 GPA

4: chn trng tt nht cho bn

CHN TRNG TT NHT CHO BN

- Sinh vin Khoa Tm l, n t Malaysia

4: chn trng tt nht cho bn

- Sinh vin Khoa hc my tnh, n t Ghana

- Sinh vin Ngnh Sn khu, n t Phn Lan

4: chn trng tt nht cho bn

- Sinh vin Khoa Chnh tr v M thut, n t Phn Lan

4: chn trng tt nht cho bn

4: chn trng tt nht cho bn

- Sinh vin Khoa Quc t hc v X hi hc, n t Ghana

4: chn trng tt nht cho bn

4: chn trng tt nht cho bn

4: chn trng tt nht cho bn

6: ngun ti chnh cho vic hc ca bn

NGUN TI CHNH CHO VIC HC CA BN

6: ngun ti chnh cho vic hc ca bn

6: ngun ti chnh cho vic hc ca bn

- Sinh vin X hi hc v Quc t hc, n t Ghana

6: ngun ti chnh cho vic hc ca bn

6: ngun ti chnh cho vic hc ca bn

6: ngun ti chnh cho vic hc ca bn

8: Chun b xin hc thnh cng

CHUN B XIN hC THNH CNG

8: Chun b xin hc thnh cng

8: Chun b xin hc thnh cng

8: Chun b xin hc thnh cng

8: Chun b xin hc thnh cng

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- Ph Trng phng Tuyn sinh, i hc Bc Carolina ti Chapel Hill

8: Chun b xin hc thnh cng

8: Chun b xin hc thnh cng

9: Qu trnh xin hc: thi gian biu v...

QU TRNH XIN HC: THI GIAN BIU V DANH MC CNG VIC

9: Qu trnh xin hc: thi gian biu v...

10: Chuyn tip sang mt trng i hc...

CHUYN TIP SANG MT TRNG I HC Hoa K

10: Chuyn tip sang mt trng i hc...

10: Chuyn tip sang mt trng i hc...

10: Chuyn tip sang mt trng i hc...

10: Chuyn tip sang mt trng i hc...

11: Th thc sinh vin

XIN TH THC SINH VIN

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11: Th thc sinh vin

11: Th thc sinh vin

12: Cuc sng ti cc trng i hc...

CUC SNG TI CC TRNG I HC Hoa K

- Sinh vin d b Ngnh Lut, n t Vng quc Anh