CHAPTER 7 F4 : PROBABILITIES

Probabilities of events. The probability of an events A is

P( A)

n( A) ; 0 P( A) 1 n( S )

Where n(A) = Number of times event A n(S) = Number of trials. A Example: A box contains 30 red balls and 60 white balls.A ball is chosen at random from the box. Find the probability of choosing a white ball. Solution : n (s) = 30 + 60 = 90 P ( white ball) =

60 90

1. A container contains 10 blue pens 6 red pens and 8 black pens .If a pen is chosen at random from the container , find the probability of choosing (a) blue pen (b) black pen. 2. A number is chosen at random from the set { x :1 x 100} x is an integer} Find the probability that (a) a perfect square is chosen (b) a multiple of 7 is chosen.

Solution :

Soluton :

3. A letter is chosen at random from the word WEEKEND. Calculate the probability that the letter chosen is (a) a letter E (b) a consonant (c) a letter Y

Solution :

B Example: A game dice is rolled 240 times and the probability of obtaining digit 5 is 1/6. Find the number of times digit 5 is expected to be obtained. Solution

n( A) 1 = n( S ) 6 1 n(A) = x 240 = 40 6
Solution:

1. 28 students of a class are members of a Mathematics Club. 12 of them are girls. (a) if student is picked at random from the club members, what is the probability of picking a boy? (b) Four boys withrew from the club. If a student is picked at random from the club members, what is the probability that the student picked is a boy?

2. A supermarket prepared 2000 tickets for a raffle offering a car as its first prize. Susan bought 40 tickets for the raffle. (a) What is the probability that Susan will win the car? (b) Susan bought x more tickets for the raffle. Now her chance of winning the car is 1/4. Calculate the value of x.

Solution

All the cards PRODUCTS are the placed in a box. (a) A card selected at random from the box. Find the probability that the card has a vowel on it. (b) Some cards with letter Q on them are placed in the box. If a card is then selected at random from the box, the probability of selecting a card with the letter Q on it is 1/3. Find the number of cards with the letter Q on them.

Solution:

20.2 Probability of The Complement The probability of the complement of event A is defined by

P( A' ) 1 P( A)

Example: A box contains six cards number labelled 1,2,3,4,5 and 6. A card is picked at random. Find the probability that the number picked is (a) an odd number (b) less than 6

Solution (a) P (odd number) = 1- P( even number) = 1-

3 1 = 6 2

Solution: 1. The probability of Siti win in cook competition is

3 .Find the probability 4

Siti lose in the competition.

2. A box contains 70 eggs.A egg is chosen at random from the box. The probability of choosing a good egg is

Solution:

9 . Find the probability of choosing a rotten egg. 14

3. Class 4M have 30 students. 5 students is Pandu Putri. If a student is chosen at random from the class, find the probability of choosing not a Pandu Putri.

Solution: