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Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51 1.

Se dice que una oracin est en VOZ ACTIVA cuando la significacin del verbo es producida por la persona gramatical a quien aqul se refiere: Pedro de Mendoza founded Buenos Aires. (Pedro de Mendoza fund Buenos Aires). 2. Se dice que una oracin est en VOZ PASIVA cuando la significacin del verbo es recibida por la persona gramatical a quien aqul se refiere: Buenos Aires was founded by Pedro de Mendoza. (Buenos Aires fue fundada por Pedro de Mendoza). 3. Se forma con el auxiliar del verbo to be y el participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga. 4. El complemento de la oracin activa pasa a sujeto de la pasiva. Como en castellano, el sujeto de la activa se puede conservar como sujeto agente. 5. Cuando un verbo tiene dos complementos se pueden hacer dos estructuras de pasiva: a) A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith, Un libro fue enviado a Tom por Mr. Smith. b) Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith (pasiva idiomtica). Esta estructura no es posible en castellano. MODELO DE VERBO EN VOZ PASIVA TO BE SEEN = SER VISTO PRESENTE I am seen, soy visto you are seen, eres visto he is seen, es visto we are seen, somos vistos you are seen, sois vistos they are seen, son vistos PRETERITO PERFECTO I have been seen, he sido visto you have been seen, has sido visto he has been seen, ha sido visto we have been seen, hemos sido vistos you have been seen, habis sido vistos they have been seen, han sido vistos PASADO I was seen, fui visto you were seen, fuiste visto he was seen, fue visto

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51 we were seen, fuimos vistos you were seen, fuisteis vistos they were seen, fueron vistos FUTURO I shall be seen, ser visto you will be seen, sers visto he will be seen, ser visto we shall be seen, seremos vistos you will be seen, seris vistos they will be seen, sern vistos PRETERITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO: I had been seen, haba sido visto CONDICIONAL: I should be seen, sera visto FUTURO PERFECTO: I shall have been seen, habr sido visto CONDICIONAL PERFECTO: I should have been seen, habra sido visto

VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA: REGLAS PRACTICAS EN 4 PASOS. 1. La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo to be conjugado ms el participio del verbo principal. En ingls es mucho ms frecuente que en espaol y, normalmente, aparece cuando no es importante quien realiza una accin sino el hecho en s. Por eso, no siempre que veamos una pasiva, tenemos que traducirlo literalmente, puesto que en espaol suena ms forzado. Slo es posible el uso de la voz pasiva con verbos transitivos (verbos que llevan complemento directo). VOZ ACTIVA Tom writes a letter Tom is writing a letter Tom was writing a letter Tom wrote a letter Tom has written a letter Tom had written a letter Tom will write a letter Tom is going to write a letter Tom can write a letter Tom could write a letter Tom must write a letter Tom may write a letter Tom might write a letter

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51

VOZ PASIVA A letter is written by Tom A letter is being written by Tom A letter was being written by Tom A letter was written by Tom A letter has been written by Tom A letter had been written by Tom A letter will be written by Tom A letter is going to be written by Tom A letter can be written by Tom A letter could be written by Tom A letter must be written by Tom A letter may be written... A letter might be written... 2. El sujeto agente se expresa con by. Sin embargo, en la mayora de las ocasiones se prescinde del sujeto ya que no nos interesa saber quin exactamente ejecuta la accin. Si una oracin activa tiene complemento directo e indirecto, cualquiera de los dos complementos puede ser sujeto paciente de la pasiva: ACTIVE: Someone gives me a dog PASSIVE 1: A dog is given to me PASSIVE 2: I am given a dog (forma pasiva idiomtica) La forma pasiva de doing, seeing, etc es being done, being seen, etc. ACTIVE: I don't like people telling me what to do PASSIVE: I don't like being told what to do En ocasiones en las que ocurre algo a veces imprevisto, no planeado o fortuito para la formacin de la voz pasiva se prefiere usar get y no be: get hurt, get annoyed, get divorced, get married, get invited, get bored, get lost 3. Las construcciones impersonales (se dice, se comenta, etc.) son muy tpicas de la pasiva y difciles de traducir para los hispanoparlantes. Este tipo de construccin pasiva -utilizada cada vez con mayor frecuencia en los medios- se forma con la estructura sujeto + to be + participle: It is reported (Se informa); It is said (Se dice); It is known (Se sabe); It is supposed (Se supone); It is considered (Se considera); It is expected (Se espera). Veamos algunos ejemplos: ACTIVE: Everybody thinks Cathy works very hard.

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51 PASSIVE 1: Cathy is thought to work very hard. (Se piensa que Cathy...) PASSIVE 2: It is thought that Cathy works very hard. (Se piensa que Cathy...) ACTIVE: They believe Tom is wearing a white pullover. PASSIVE 1: Tom is believed to be wearing a white pullover. (Se cree que...) PASSIVE 2: It is believed that Tom is wearing a white pullover. (Se cree que...) 4. USOS ADICIONALES DE SUPPOSE a) Se usa en afirmativo para acciones que estaban planeadas, que se supone que van a realizar, u obligaciones que uno debera cumplir. You were supposed to be here at 9:00 am!! b) Otras veces, el uso de supposed indica que estos planes o obligaciones finalmente no se cumplieron: The train was supposed to arrive at 5 o'clock. (but it arrived at 8 o'clock) You were supposed to go to the supermarket. (but you didn't go) c) Por el contrario, en negativo, supposed significa la no conveniencia o prohibicin de hacer algo: You are not supposed to smoke here. (you are not allowed to smoke here) You are not supposed to copy our web files. (you must not copy our web files)

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51 1. It is said that a sentence is in active voice when the meaning of the verb is produced by the grammatical person to whom it relates are: Pedro de Mendoza founded Buenos Aires. (Pedro de Mendoza founded Buenos Aires). 2. It is said that a sentence is passive when the meaning of the verb is received by the grammatical person to whom it relates are: Buenos Aires WAS founded by Pedro de Mendoza. (Buenos Aires was founded by Pedro de Mendoza). 3. Is formed with the auxiliary verb to be and the past participle of the verb is conjugated. 4. The complement of the active sentence becomes the passive subject. As in Castilian, the subject of active agent can be retained as subject. 5. When a verb has two complements can do two passive structures: a) A book WAS Sent to Tom by Mr. Smith, A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith. b) Tom WAS Sent to book by Mr. Smith (passive language). This structure is not possible in Castilian. MODEL OF WORD IN PASSIVE VOICE BE SEEN TO BE SEEN = THIS I am seen, I saw you are seen, you are seen I is seen, is seen we are seen, we are seen you are seen, are seen They are seen, are seen Present Perfect I Have Been seen, I have seen You Have Been seen, have been seen I've Been seen, has been seen We Have Been seen, we have seen You Have Been seen, have been seen They Have Been seen, have been seen PAST II was seen, I saw Were you seen, you were seen He Was seen, was seen

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51 Were we seen, we were seen Were you seen, you were seen They Were seen, were seen FUTURE I Shall Be seen, will be seen You Will Be Seen, will be seen I Will Be seen, be seen Shall we be seen, we will be seen You Will Be seen, you will be seen They Will be seen, be seen Past perfect: I Had Been seen, was seen CONDITIONAL: I Should Be seen, be seen FUTURE PERFECT: I Shall Have Been seen, I will have been seen CONDITIONAL PERFECT: I Should Have Been seen, would have been seen

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE: PRACTICE RULES IN 4 STEPS. 1. The passive voice is formed with the verb to be conjugated plus the participle of main verb. In English it is much more common in Spanish and usually appears when it is important who performs an action but the fact itself. So whenever we see not a passive, we have to translate it literally, since in Spanish sounds more forced. You can only use the passive voice with transitive verbs (verbs that take direct object). ACTIVE VOICE Tom writes a letter Tom is writing a letter Tom WAS writing a letter Tom wrote a letter Tom've Written a letter Written a letter Tom HAD Will write a letter Tom Tom is going to write a letter Can write a letter Tom Could write a letter Tom Must write a letter Tom Write a letter Tom May Might write a letter Tom

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51

PASSIVE VOICE A letter is written by Tom A letter is written by Tom Being A letter written by WAS Being Tom A letter was written by Tom A letter written by Tom Has Been A letter written by Tom HAD Been A letter written by Tom Will Be A letter is going to be written by Tom A letter written by Tom Can Be A letter written by Tom Could Be A letter written by Tom Must Be A letter May Be Written ... A letter Might Be Written ... 2. The acting subject is expressed by. However, in most cases the subject is omitted since we do not want to know who exactly runs the action. If an active prayer has direct and indirect complement, either supplements may be subject to the passive patient: ACTIVE: Someone Gives Me a Dog PASSIVE 1: A dog is Given to me PASSIVE 2: I am Given a dog (passive language) The passive form of doing, seeing, etc is done Being, Being seen, and so on. ACTIVE: I do not like people telling me what to do PASSIVE: I do not like being Told what to do Sometimes something happens in sometimes unexpected, unplanned or incidental to the formation of the passive voice is preferred and not be get: get hurt, get annoyed, get divorced, get married, get invited, get bored, get lost 3. Impersonal constructions (it is said, comments, etc.) Are typical of the passive and difficult to translate for Spanish speakers. This type of construction used passively with increasing frequency in the media-structure is formed with the subject + to be + participle: It is Reported (reportedly) It is said (She said) It is Known (It is known ) It is supposed (supposed) It is Considered (is considered); It is expected (expected). Some examples: ACTIVE: Everybody Thinks Cathy works very hard. PASSIVE 1: Cathy is Thought to work very hard. (It is thought that Cathy ...)

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51 PASSIVE 2: It is Thought That Cathy works very hard. (It is thought that Cathy ...) ACTIVE: They believe Tom is wearing a white pullover. PASSIVE 1: Believed to be Tom is wearing a white pullover. (It is believed that ...) PASSIVE 2: It is Believed That Tom is wearing a white pullover. (It is believed that ...) 4. ADDITIONAL USES SUPPOSE a) It is used for actions that were so planned, which are supposed to do, or obligation that one should fulfill. You were supposed to be here at 9:00 am!! b) Other times, the supposed use indicates that these plans or final obligations were not met: The train arrives at WAS supposed to 5 o'clock. (But it arrives at 8 o'clock) You were supposed to go to the supermarket. (But Did not you go) c) In contrast, in negative, meaning the supposed unsuitability or prohibition to do something: You are not supposed to smoke here. (You are not allowed to smoke here) You are not supposed to copy our web files. (Must you not copy our Web files)

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando IC:51

Montalvo Lpez Fernando

IC:51

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