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Lodish et al. Molecular Cell Biology “Review the Concepts” chapter end problems:
12-1 – In the case of a protein-coding gene, gene control beyond regulation of
transcriptional initiation can be regulated by controlling the stability of the corresponding
mRNA in the cytoplasm, by controlling the rate of translation, and by controlling the
cellular location so that newly synthesized protein is concentrated where it is needed.
12-7 – The term hnRNA describes heterogeneous nuclear RNA's that consist of several
different types of RNA molecules that are found in the nucleus. Small nuclear RNA's
bind to splice sites and participate in splicing reactions. Small nucleolar RNAs play a
similar role in tRNA processing and can help to position methyltransferases near
methylation sites. Micro RNAs and short interfering RNAs are involved in gene
silencing. Both are derived from longer precursor molecules and become part of the RISC
complex.
12-14 – A plant deficient in Dicer activity shows increased susceptibility to RNA viruses
because Dicer is not present to degrade a portion of the viral double-stranded
intermediates that viruses synthesize during replication. Without Dicer, all of these viral
mRNAs are available for further viral infection.
A) A new drug targets the mRNA exporter complex. What is the potential for this
new drug as an antibiotic? Would your answer change if HIV was the target? What
about Burkitt’s lymphoma? Carefully consider specificity and potential toxicity in
your analysis.
It would not work for AB because there is no exporter complex in prokaryotes, therefore
no target for drug. For HIV it is not specific enough to block just HIV export out of the
nucleus and would block all export therefore there wouldn’t be translation of anything
toxicity. Burkitts lymphoma???
True for eukaryotes because the cDNA copy would match the mRNA copy through
complementary interactions. Not sure for regulatory elements.
D) (From Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th Edition, Wilson & Hunt)
RsaI A encodes green vision and RsaI B encodes red vision
E) In principle, a eukaryotic cell can regulate gene expression at any step in the
pathway from DNA to active protein (see diagram below).
1) Place the types of control listed below at appropriate places on the diagram
above.
a) mRNA degradation control – as mRNA nucleotide or protein
b) protein activity control—from protein to modified protein or aa or just at
level of modified protein due to what function it has
c) protein stability control—from protein to modified protein or aa
d) RNA processing control—from DNA RNA
e) nuclear export and localization control—mRNA from nucleus to cytosol
f) transcriptional control- DNARNA
g) translational control- RNAprotein
Is there more than one type of process that can contribute to each of the above
control mechanisms????
2) Which of the types of control listed above are unlikely to be used in bacteria?
Nuclear export bc no nucleus in prokaryotes
3) What are some of the drugs we discussed in class and where do they exert their
influence with regards to the controls listed on the diagram above?