Algebraic Expressions Review

Factor completely (1 46).

1. 4x + 12
2. 3m 6
5.

8v3 + v

6.

9.

15mn 2 5n

10. 36a 6 24a 4

2 xy 2 xy

3.

9r 45

4.

d2 + 6d

7.

12z5 18z3

8.

24a 3 + 8a

11. 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 12

12. 7c 9 6c 6 + 2

13. 15b 3 30b + 45b 2

14. 32 g 5 + 8 g 3 4 g 2

15. 50 xy 2 30 x 3 yz 12

16. 27m 3 n 2 p 4 + 18m 4 n 3 p

17. 24e 3 g 2 + 16e 4 g 3 8e 2 g 2

18. 35a16b14 + 7 a12b15 21a13b13

19. x 2 4

20. y 2 1

21. 16 v 2

22. 9 x 2 25

23. 49 + 64n 2

24. 9a 4 b 6

25. 3a 2 3

26. 128 2h 2

27. 7d 3 175d

28. 64k 8 + 16k 6

29. 2 x 4 y 2 8 x 2 y 4

30. b 4 1

31. z 2 + 6 z + 9

32. x 2 16 x + 64

33. 16h 2 8h + 1

34. 9 w3 + 18w + 9

35. 5a 2 + 60a 180

36. 3 g 2 + 30 g + 75

37. 44 44r 4 + 11r 8

38. a 9 14a 5 49a

39. x 5 + x 2 y 6 x 3 6 y

40. 6a 2 b 8a 2 + 3ab 4a

41. a 2 b 2 9a 2 b 2 + 9

42. 4 y 6 x 4 y 6 + 25 x 4 100

43. 8a 5 8a 4 b + 2a 3b 2

44. x 3 + 2 1

45. 16 x 4 + 8 x 2 y 2 + y 4 16 x 2 y 2

46. x 5 + 3 x 4 x 3 3 x 2 + x + 3

Reduce each fraction completely; write restrictions on the variables (47 68).
47.

5r
15

12a 5
48.
15b

51.

8 x 16
8

52.

c2 9
55.
c3

7f 4 +7
21 f

c2 9
56.
c+3

3x 7
49.
4x3

50.

4m
8m 5
24t
12t 18tu

53.

6
12 w + 18

54.

57.

10 x 2
25 x 2 1

x x2
58. 2
x 1

59.

49 d 2
3d + 21

60.

4a 2 16
12a 6a 2

61.

k2 5
25 k 4

62.

2 xy 2 x 3 y 2
x5 4x

63.

2a 2
2
a 2a + 1

64.

a 2 + 3b 2
a 4 + 6a 2 b 2 + 9b 4

65.

4 x 2 12 x 9
2 x 3 + 3x 2

66.

x 2 36
x 2 12 x + 36

PRECALCULUS_HO_REVIEW

67.

x 3 + 2 xy + 4 x 2 + 8 y
4 x 4 + 16 x 2 y + 16 y 2

68.

x 3 + 2 x 2 xy 2 2 y 2
x 3 + 4 xy + 2 y 2 + 2 x 2 y + xy 2 + 2 x 2

Simplify (69 94).

28 3 x 2 9 x
69.

2x 6
7x

70.

2h 12
4h
2
6
h 6h

71.

2 s + 4 4 s 2 + 8s

s 1
3s 2 3s

72.

4c 20
5c c 2
2c

73.

2d 2
d d2
5d 5

74.

b 2 5b 2 4b

2b 1 3b 15

75.

m3
9 m2

m 7 + 4m 6 m 8 + 4m 7

76.

v 2 25 5 v
2n
2v n
4v

y 2 12 y + 36 y + 3
77.

y 2 + 3y
36 y 2

78.

a 2 b 2 a 2 c 2 ab 2 2abc + ac 2

a a2
a2 1

81.

m
1
+
m2 2

79.

a 5
+
5 a

83.

q
2

q + 2 q +1

84.

6
4

t t 1

85.

mn
m 2 + 4mn

m + 3n 4m + 12n

86.

x2
x
+
2
2x 4 y
2 xy x

87.

4
x
+
2
x2
2x x

8a 2
b
88. 2

b 4ab 2b 8a

89.

c
3c
2
c3 c 9

90.

2
25 f

91.

p
1
+
2
p q
2q 2 p

92.

3
2
5r + t

2
r t r +t t r2

80.

1 9 x 3x + 1
+
6x
2x

5 + 3b
3b 5 25 + 3b 2

93.
+

2
b 2 25 (b 5)2
25 10b + b

PRECALCULUS_HO_REVIEW

82. 1

1
c +1

1
f 5f
2

2
1 5a
20
1
94. 2
2

2
2

a + 5a a 25 15 3a a + 5a a 25

Incomplete Quadratic Equations

1.

Write three incomplete quadratic equations of different kinds.

Solve each equation (1 19).

2. 3 x 2 4 x = 0
4. 10 x 2 + 7 x = 0
6. 6u 2 u = 0
8. 4 x 2 9 = 0

3.
5.
7.

10. 0.1x 2 + 10 = 0

11.

12.
14.
16.
18.

9.

6m 2 + 24 = 0
2 x 2 + 3x = 0
3x 2 2 = 0
1 4y2 = 0

13.
15.
17.
19.

Find roots of each equation (20 35).

20. 4 x 2 3x + 7 = 2 x 2 + x + 7
22. 5 y 2 + 8 y + 8 = 8 y + 3
24. ( x + 3)( x 4 ) = 12
26. 5 x + ( x 3)(2 x + 1) = 0
28. 18 ( x 5)( x 4 ) = 2
30. (2 x + 3)(3x + 1) = 11x + 30
2

5x 2 + 6x = 0
4a 2 3a = 0
2y + y2 = 0
x2 + 3 = 0
1
y2 = 0
9
2
3x + 3 = 0
5b 2 4b = 0
7d 14d 2 = 0
2v 2 6 = 0

21. 10 3 x 2 = x 2 + 10 x
23. 1 2 y + 3 y 2 = y 2 2 y + 1
2

25. (3x 1) 1 = 0
27. 3 y (2 y + 3) = 2 y ( y + 4.5) + 2
29. ( x + 1)( x 1) = 2 x 2 3
31. x 2 5 = ( x + 5)(2 x 1)

32. 2 x ( x + 1) = 3 x 2 6
34. 10 x + 1 = (1 3 x )(1 + 2 x )

33. 6b 2 (b + 2 ) = 4(b 4 )
35. (5 y + 2 )( y 3) = 13(2 + y )

The Quadratic Formula

x1,2 =
Solve each equation (36 55).
36. 3 x 2 7 x + 4 = 0
38. 5 x 2 + 8 x + 3 = 0
40. 5 x 2 6 x + 1 = 0
42. x 2 + 10 x 24 = 0
44. 14 x 2 5 x 1 = 0
46. 2 x 2 + x + 67 = 0
48. x 2 11x 152 = 0

PRECALCULUS_HO_REVIEW

b b 2 4ac
2a
37.
39.
41.
43.
45.
47.
49.

3 x 2 13x + 14 = 0
2 x 2 9 x + 10 = 0
4 x 2 + x 33 = 0
x 2 + x 90 = 0
x 2 3x 5 = 0
81x 2 18 x + 1 = 0
3 x 2 x + 18 = 0

50. 5 x 2 + 11x + 2 = 0
52. 9 x 2 30 x + 25 = 0
54. 2 x 2 x 5 = 0

51. 2 x 2 + 7 x 30 = 0
53. 35 x 2 + 2 x 1 = 0
55. 16 x 2 8 x + 1 = 0

56. For which values of x:

1. the trinomial x 2 11x + 31 is equal to 1;
2. polynomials x 2 + 5 x 3 and 2x 5 are equal?
57. For which values of x will be equal:
1. the binomials x 2 6 x and 5x 18;
2. the trinomials 3 x 2 4 x + 3 and x 2 + x + 1 ?
Solve each equation (58 117).
58. 3 x 2 14 x + 16 = 0
60. x 2 + 2 x 80 = 0
62. 4 x 2 36 x + 77 = 0
64. 7 y 2 20 y + 14 = 0
66. 8 x 2 14 x + 5 = 0
68. 4 x 2 + 4 x + 1 = 0
70. x 2 + 6 x 19 = 0
72. 5 x 2 + 26 x 24 = 0
74. 2 x 2 5 x 3 = 0
76. x 2 + 9 x 22 = 0
78. 3m 2 3m + 1 = 0
80. 2 x 2 + 7 x 4 = 0
82. x 2 4 x + 2 = 0
84. 5 x 2 = 9 x + 2
86. 25 = 26 x x 2
88. 15v 2 30 = 22v + 7
90. 6 y 9 = y 2
92. z 5 = z 2 25
94. t 2 = 4t + 96
96. x 2 20 x = 20 x + 100
2
98. ( x + 4) = 3 x + 40
2

100. ( x + 1) = 7918 2 x
2

102. 3( x + 4) = 10 x + 32

x2 1
11x = 11
2
106. 0.7 x 2 = 1.3 x + 2
108. x 2 1.6 x 0.36 = 0
104.

PRECALCULUS_HO_REVIEW

59.
61.
63.
65.
67.
69.
71.
73.
75.
77.
79.
81.
83.
85.
87.
89.
91.
93.
95.
97.
99.

5x 2 6 x + 1 = 0
x 2 22 x 23 = 0
15v 2 22v 37 = 0
k 2 10k 25 = 0
12c 2 + 16c 3 = 0
x 2 34 x + 289 = 0
x 2 8 x 84 = 0
3 x 2 + 32 x + 80 = 0
5x 2 + 9 x + 4 = 0
36 x 2 12 x + 1 = 0
100 x 2 160 x + 63 = 0
3x 2 5 x + 2 = 0
y 2 10 y + 22 = 0
x 2 = 52 x 576
3 x 2 = 10 29 x
x 2 = 5 x 14
25k 2 = 10k 1
2c 2 480 = 6 9c
3 x 2 + 3 = 10 x
25 x 2 13 x = 10 x 2 7
(3 2 x )2 = 11x 19
2

101. ( x + 2) = 3131 2 x
2

103. 31x + 17 = 15( x + 1)

x 2 + x 8x 7
=
2
3
107. 7 = 0.4 x + 0.2 x 2
109. x 2 2 x + 2.91 = 0
105.

110. 0.2 x 2 10 x + 125 = 0

1
112. x 2 + 2 x 9 = 0
3
1
114. x 2 = 2 x 7
7
116. 3 x + 0.6 = 9 x 2 + 0.36

111. 0.4 x + 1.2 = 0.16 x 2 + 1.44

1
1
113. x 2 + x = 3
3
3
1
115. x 2 + 1 x = 2.6 x
5
2
117. 4 x = 7 x + 7.5

Factor. If the trinomial is not factorable, write prime.

1. x2 + 3x + 2
2. x2 3x + 2
3. x2 + 6x + 5
4. x2 6x + 5

5. x2 + 8x + 7

6. x2 8x + 7

7. x2 7x 8

8. x2 + 2x + 3

9. x2 + 2x 3

10. x2 2x 3

11. x2 + 3x 2

12. x2 + 6x + 9

13. a2 + 9a + 14

14. y2 + 5y + 6

15. a2 9a + 14

16. y2 5y + 6

17. y2 + 5y + 6

18. y2 5y + 6

19. y2 + 5y + 7

20. c2 9c + 14

21. s2 13s + 40

22. n2 + 11n + 28

23. n2 11n + 28

24. x2 x 12

25. p2 + 29p 30

26. p2 + 29p + 30

27. a2 13a 30

28. a2 + 3a + 4

29. n2 10n 9

30. x2 + x 56

31. x2 + 3xy + 2y2

32. x2 3xy + 2y2

33. x2 2xy + y2

34. a2 + 5ab + 6b2

35. a2 5ab 6b2

36. x2 + 7xy + 12y2

37. x2 10xy + 21y2

38. m2 + 23mn + 42n2

39. x2 4xy + 5y2

40. a2 + 6ab 5b2

41. p2 23pq 50q2

42. r2 14rs + 49s2

43. x2 + 10xy + 24y2

44. x2 + 10xy 24y2

45. a2 13ab + 42b2

46. 2x2 + 3x + 1

47. 5x2 3x 2

48. 2x2 + 5x 3

49. 3x2 7x 6

50. 6x2 7x + 3

51. 3x2 4x + 5

52. 3n2 5n + 2

53. 8x2 + 2x 3

54. 10a2 13a 3

55. 8c2 10c 7

56. 4x2 + 5x + 3

57. 12x2 11x 5

58. 3x2 7xy 6y2

59. 3x2 + 2xy 8y2

60. 2a2 + 5ab + 2b2

61. 5a2 ab 6b2

62. 2x2 + xy 3y2

63. 18c2 9c 20

64. 3x4 11x2 20

65. 4x4 + 4x2 3

66. 2x4 3x2 14

67. x2n + 5xn + 6

68. x4n + 2x2n 15

69. x4n + 8x2n + 15

Factor completely. Factor out the greatest monomial factor first.

70. x3 + 3x2 + 2x
71. 2x3 6x2 + 4x
72. 4x3 12x2 16x
73. a3 9a2 + 14a

74. 2x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3

75. n4 2n3 3n2

76. a3b 5a2b2 6ab3

77. 3a3b + 15a2b2 + 18ab3

78. 4x5 + 4x3 3x

PRECALCULUS_HO_REVIEW

Rational Equations
Steps of Solving Rational Equations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Factor each denominator completely; change signs + if necessary.

Write the common denominator and restrictions on the variables.
Write the additional factors above each fraction.
Multiply each numerator by the corresponding additional factor.
Solve the obtained equation.
Verify the roots of the equation.

Solve each equation (1 74):

5
4
2 1
+
=7
2.
+
=6
3.
2q 3q
n 3n
8
2
2
1
=
=
6.
5.
7.
4p + 5 p
4y 6 2y 3
9 2 4
3d
5
11.
9.
=
10.
d =
2a 3 a
8
6
12
6
8
x

=1
13.
14. 2
=
x ( x 2) x 2
x 4 x2
2
m + 5m + 6
x 2 + 3x + 2
=0
17.
=0
16.
m+2
x +1
4r 8
b 2 + 2b b
20.
=4
19.
=
r2
2b + 4 2
y2
5y 6
x2
x
23. 2
= 2
22.
=
y 4 y 4
x+3 x+3
1.

5
y2 6y
=
5 y
y 5
1 + 3x 5 2 x
28.
=
1 3x 1 + 2 x
12
31.
=x
7x
8
= 3y + 2
34.
y
25.

37.

8y 5
9y
=
y
y+2

40. x + 2 =

15
4x +1

x+7
x 1
=
2 x 1 3x + 4
5y +1 y + 2
=
29.
y +1
y
2
y 4 3 + 2y
32.
=
y
2

26.

y2 + 4y 2y
=
y+2
3
2
y +3
38. 2
=2
y +1

35.

41.

PRECALCULUS_HO_REVIEW

x 2 5 7 x + 10
=
x 1
9

5
2
=
x 16 x + 4
5
3
1

=
m 4m 2
4
1
=1
f +1 f
2

4
9
=
b 4 b2
3
2 5
8.

=
2 z 3z 6
3
2 3
12.
+ =
t 1 t 2

4.

x2 1
=2
x 1
n2 4
18.
= 4
n+2
1
8
= 2
21.
v 4 v 16
15.

2x 2
7x + 6
=
2 x
x2
2 y 1 y + 3
=
27.
2y + 3 y 5
2x 5
30.
4=0
x+5
10
33.
= z 1
2z 3
24.

x2 x+3
=
x+2 x4
3
1
39. 2
=
y +2 y

36.

42.

3x + 1 x 1

=2
x+2 x2

2x 2 x + 3
+
=5
x+3 x3
4
5
1
45.

=
1
x +3 3 x x 3
3
4
5 x
47.
+
= 2
x x 1 x x
x
1
4
49. 2
2
= 2
x 4 x 2x x + 2x

43.

51.

2 x2
1
4

=1
x 3x + 6
5 5 x + 10

6
4
x2 2

=
53.
x 2 3 x x 2 5x + 6
55.

9
2

4x 1

5
2
=
+2
2x + 1 3 6x

1
1
8
+ 2
=
x3 x 9 x+3
4
4
5
46.

=
2
9 x 1 3 x + 1 1 3x
3y 2
1
3y + 4
48.

= 2
y
y 2 y 2y

44.

50.

x 3 x 1 x 2 + 16

=
x + 2 2 x x2 4

52.

8
3x + 1 10
1

=
1
x + 3 4 x + 12 x
2

54.

x3
7x + 9
2x
= 2
+
x 7 x 10 x + 21 3 x

56.

x + 18 2(2 x 3)
8

=
2
2
x 4 6 x 3x
2+x

57.

3
4
3x
+ 2

=0
2 x + 2 x 1 2 4 x + 2 x2

58.

2
3
6
1

= 2

2x 1 4x + 2 4x 1 2

59.

4(5 x + 2 ) 3
6
=
2
5 x 45 x x + 3

60.

8
3
+
=0
x + 4x + 4 4 x2

61.

x2
5
6 + 8x

= 2
2
x + 3x 6 2 x 2 x 18

62.

5 x + 28 10 x
5
= 2

2
3x + 6 x x 4 4 2 x

63.

5x + 7
4
10
2
=
x + 6x + 9 x 9 2x + 6

64.

x3
3x 6
9
2
=
x 10 x + 25 x 25 2 x + 10

6
8 x 11 14 x 2 20 1
65.

+
=
2 x + 5 6 x 15 8 x 2 50 3

66.

y+6
3
y + 11

=
2
2
25 y 4 2 5 y 25 y 20 y + 4

67.

5 y
3y + 2
3
+ 2
2
=0
y + 4 y + 3 y 2 y 15 y 4 y 5

68.

3a + 6
4
a + 12
+ 2
= 2
a + 5a 14 a 8a + 12 a + a 42

69.

n + 14
n
3
2
=
2
5n + 30
n 36 n 4n 12

71.

2m 9
2m + 9
14
2
= 2
m 12m + 36 m + 12m + 36 m 36

72.

3
10
2
8
2
= 2
2
y 9 y + 6 y + 9 5 y 15 y y + 3 y

70.

10
4
8

= 2
2
c 9c + 18 9 c
c + 6c + 9
2

PRECALCULUS_HO_REVIEW

73.

2
1
2a 1
=
+ 3
a a +1 a +1 a +1

74.

3
4
2
2
= 3
a + 2 a 2a + 4 a + 8

Find the ratio of x to y (75 86):

75. 4 x = 9 y
78.

77.

x + z = y
79.
x + y = 2 z

1
1
y= x
9
3

81. x + 4 y = 2 y + 8 x
84.

3
5
x= y
2
4
x
+
y
= 4a

80.
2 x + y = 5a
x+ y x y
83.
=
2
3

76. 12 x = 18 y

82. y + 4 x = 3 y 2 x

2 x + 3 y 2 y + 3x
=
4
5

85.

2x 1 2 y + 1 5
+
=
3
2
6

86.

(x 7 )( y 21) = 0

Answers for pages 5-8:

(1) 7/18
(7)
(13)
(19)
(25)
(31)
(37)

8.5
6
b 2
1
3, 4
1, 10

(43) 6, 5
(49) 3
(55) 1,

1
2 12

(61) 4

(2) 23/42
(8)
(14)
(20)
(26)
(32)
(38)

1
4
r2
27, 1
8/3
1

(44) 4

(3) 6.5
(9)
(15)
(21)
(27)
(33)
(39)

(4)
(10)
(16)
(22)
(28)
(34)
(40)

3/4

1/5
3.5, 1
1, 2

(45) 9, 1
7
1 23

1 59

(5)
1
2
3
1, 1/2
0, 8
3.5, 5

(6)
(12)
(18)
(24)
(30)
(36)
(42)

y 1 12

4/3
3
0, 1
2/11
2, 4/3
3.25, 1
1
(46) 4 3

(11)
(17)
(23)
(29)
(35)
(41)

4, 1/3

1.5
12.5
2/11
4/3

(47)

(48) 4

(52) 5, 8

(53) 4, 6

(54) 9, 0

(50) 6

(51) 2,

(56) 6, 2/17

(57) 5

(58) 1, 1.5

(59) 5, 1.08

2
(60) 6, 4 3

(62) 56

(63) 1

6
(64) 7, 3 13

(65) 2, 20

(66) 1, 49/75

(70) 21, 1

(71) 3

(72) 63, 2

(75) 9/4

(76) 3/2

(77) 5/6

(81) 2/7

(82) 1/3

(83) 5

(67) 8, 2

(68) 1, 8

(73) 2

(74)

(78) 1/3
(84) 7/2

(79) 1/3
(85) 3/2

(69) 4, 8

5 19
3

(80) 1/3
(86) 1/3

PRECALCULUS_HO_REVIEW

2
3