EEL303: Power Engineering - 1

Introductory Lecture

Course Coordinator: A. R. Abhyankar Office: Block II, Room 135 Email: abhyankar@ee.iitd.ac.in

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

Evaluation Scheme
Minor 1: 20 Best 2 out of 3 will be considered Minor 2: 20 Re-Minor: 20 Major: 40 Pre-Minor 1 Quiz: 7 Pre-Minor 2 Quiz: 7 Best 2 out of 3 will be considered Pre-Major Quiz: 7 Attendance: 6
A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

Attendance Marks Distribution

100% = 6 95<= Attendance <100 = 5 90<= Attendance <95 = 4 85<= Attendance <90 = 3 80<= Attendance <85 = 2 75<= Attendance <80 = 1 Attendance <75 = 0

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

Books / References
Power System Analysis: John Grainger and W D Stevenson, Tata McGraw Hill Electric Energy Systems Theory: Olle Elgerd, Tata MacGraw Hill Power System Engineering: I J Nagrath and D P Kothari, Tata MacGraw Hill Power Generation, Operation and Control: Wood and Wollenberg, John Wiley Your own class notes!
A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

General Instructions
Please be on time. Late entry into the class not allowed. Tutorials will start from 8th August 2011. Attendance to be registered with TAs. 80 Marks and above: A grade 30 Marks and below: F grade

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

What is Power System?

Generation

Transmission

Distribution

Utilisation

Control of these functions at appropriate levels

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

Iworkedonaerospaceproblemsformanyyearsbefore convertingtopowersystems,and,inmyopinionatleast, powerproblemsaretougherinmanyrespects. Thenumberofvariablesinapowersystemishuge,and manytypesofuncertaintiesarepresent. Fewifanyaerospaceproblemsyieldsuchachallenging setofconditions.

Fred C. Schweppe (1934-1988) Professor of Electrical Engineering, MIT
A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

Brief History
Arc Lamp and Dynamo 1879 1882 1st multiple voltage AC system for house lighting commercial use of multiphase system

Transformer Invented

1883 1884

1886 1890

1891 1895

100V(DC) Station

steam turbine invented

Single phase AC 4kV system for street lighting

3 phase hydro station installed

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

Single Line Diagram Representation

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

 A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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Power Generation

Courtesy: Google Images

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Power Transmission

Courtesy: Google Images

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Substation

Courtesy: Google Images

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Power Distribution

Courtesy: Google Images

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Power Distribution!!! (or Distortion??)

Courtesy: Google Images

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Power System Control

Courtesy: Google Images

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Why AC Generation and Transmission?

Economics!!! Easier and Cheaper to generate AC power and transmit Voltage (and current) transformation Efficient uitilisation: Cheap and effective AC motors

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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Topological Difference
Transmission Mesh (or Loop) (Why?)
Reliability: main concern A contingency has system-wide effects

Distribution Radial (Why?)

Economics! A fault has local disruption Protection issues

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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Indian Scenario
Salient features:
One of the largest interconnected power systems in the world Installed capacity comparable with the largest power markets in the world Member of VLPGO Association Characterised by power deficit situation

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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India: Power Facts

Area :2,973,190 km2 Population : 1.21 billion Per capita consumption : 700 kWh Five regional grids Two synchronous grids Installed Capacity 177 GW Peak Demand ~121 GW

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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All India Installed Capacity

Courtesy: www.cea.nic.in

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All India Installed Capacity

Courtesy: cea.nic.in

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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MAJOR ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA

* Hydro Potential : 1,10,000
> 25,000MW already installed > 19,000MW under implementation
Jammu
23,000MW

> 66,000MW still to be exploited

* 90% coal reserves in ER & WR

53,000MW SIKKIM 1,700MW

Ludhiana

NR
RAPP Jaipur

Delhi

NEPAL
Partabpur Lucknow Patna Vindhyachal

BHUTAN
Guwahati
CHICKEN NECK

ER
Kolkata

BANGLA DESH

Gandhinagar Indore Pipavav Bhopal Korba

WR
Tarapur Mumbai

Talcher/Ib Valley Raipur Bhubaneswar

Hyderabad

Vizag Simhadri

LEGEND
Generation Coal Load-Centre

SR
Kaiga Kozhikode Mangalore Bangalore Krishnapatnam Ennore South Madras Chennai Cuddalore Kayamkulam Thiruvananthapuram

Hydro

Lignite Coastal

Kudankulam
COLOMBO

Nuclear

Courtesy: cea.nic.in

SRI LANKA

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

MY AN MM AR

NER

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Wind Potential in India

Courtesy: http://www.inwea.org/

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Electricity Regions

Synchronous Regions
Re ce ntl y

Sy nch r

North

North-East North East

on iz

ed

West

Central

South

South

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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Power Sector in India: Structure

Federal Structure
RLDC
(Regional System Operator) Apex bodies in regional grid operation Supervise and control inter-regional and inter-state transmission systems.

RLDCs can give directions to SLDCs for Grid security

To Supervise and control State Power (State level System Operator) Systems.

SLDC

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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The Institutional Framework

Federal Regulator State Level Regulators Central Electricity Regulatory Commission State Electricity Regulatory Commission
Electricity Regulatory Commission Act 1998

Technical Advisory Body of Ministry of Power

Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

Central Government owned companies / institutions / organizations

Trading Companies Research Organizations

Ministry Generating Companies

Transmission Companies

Others

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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Central Level Organizations

Federal Regulator: Central Electricity Regulatory Commission State Level Regulator: State Electricity Regulatory Commissions Technical Advisory Body of MoP: Central Electricity Authority

Central Government owned Companies

Thermal Generation NTPC

Hydel Generation NHPC

Transmission PGCIL

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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Operational and Ownership Hierarchy

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Electric Supply Industry: Structure

RLDC

RLDC

SLDC

SLDC

SLDC

SLDC

SLDC

SLDC

Regional Grid
A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

Regional Grid
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State Level Organizations

State Electricity Boards (SEBs) IPPs, CPPs

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Central Sector Power Pool

ISGS
Constituent State Constituent State

ISGS

Central Pool

ISGS

Constituent State

Constituent State

ISGS

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State Power Demand

State Owned Generators

State Power Demand

Central Power Pool

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Western Regional Grid of India

Constituents of Western Grid
Maharashtra DamanDiu Goa

Central Sector Power Stations Korba Thermal Power Station (KSTPS) Vindhyachal Thermal Power Station (VSTPS) Kawas Gas Power Station (KGPP)

Central Power Pool

Gandhar Gas Power Station (GGPP)

Gujarat

DadraNagarHaveli

Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS)
Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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EEL 303: Course Contents

Revision of fundamentals and per unit analysis Transmission line modeling, characteristics and performance Power flow analysis Fault analysis Symmetrical components and sequence networks Economic operation of power systems Power system stability

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

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