Synopsis - Temperature Measurement and Controller

Features 1. Measures temperature of range from 0 to 150 0C with accuracy of 1 0C. 2. Controller (Relay) activates when temperature crosses threshold values. 3. User settable HIGH and LOW threshold values. 4. Shows Maximum and Minimum temperature over a period. 5. Easy user Interface. a. Necessary informations are displayed on LCD. b. Keypad Switches for navigating different options.

Block Diagram

5V Temperature Transducer

5V ADC

5V Microcontroller

5V LCD 16 * 2

Relay Driver 12 V Relay

Keypad Switch

230V AC Power supply

5V 12 V

Description Temperature is a Physical parameter which is converted into Electrical parameter by device called Temperature Transducer. Transducer is also referred to as SENSOR. The most common transducer produces an output voltage, current, capacitance and resistance. However we need to convert these signals to voltage in order to send input to an A- D converter. This conversion (modification) is commonly called signal conditioning. Signal conditioning can be a current to voltage conversion or signal amplification. For example, the thermistor changes resistance with temperature. The change of resistance must be translated into voltages in order to be of any use to an ADC.

ADC (Analog to digital) converters are among the most widely used devices for data acquisition. Computers use binary (discrete) values, but in the physical world everything is analog (continuous) most. The most important parameter of an ADC is resolution. The higher resolution ADC provides a smaller step size, where step size is the smallest change that can be discerned by an ADC. In addition to resolution, conversion time is another major factor in judging an ADC. Conversion time is defined as the time it the ADC to convert the analog input to a digital number. The ADC chips are either parallel or serial ADC. In parallel ADC, we have 8 or more pins dedicated to bringing out the binary data, but in serial ADC we have only one pin for data out. Microcontroller is the central component which reads data (temperature) from ADC and from the keypad switches display the temperature and necessary on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and controls the Relay. In order to do all the activities a program (sequence of instruction) must be written for the microcontroller. This program is called firmware. In order to execute the program, Microcontroller requires basic configuration like 5V regulated power supply, clock, and reset circuit. 16*2 (2 line of 16 character) LCD is used for displaying temperature and relay status. It provides easy user interface. It needs to initialize before displaying data. This initialization is done by Microcontroller. Relay is used to control external device. (Cooler/heater) Since microcontroller does not provide sufficient current, hence relay driver is required. Keypad switches are used to change the threshold values and see the maximum and minimum temperature. Microcontroller and ICs requires 5V regulated power supply, which is obtained from 230V AC by using step down transformer , rectifier, filter and regulators. Working Principle When the power is applied to microcontroller, it initializes LCD, ADC0804 and Relay Driver. Then it reads the temperature from ADC 0804 and compares the temperature with Threshold values (a High and Low Threshold). If it crosses the threshold values a Controller (Relay) will be activated. The threshold values can be changed by Entering into Settings Mode (by pressing INC and then DEC buttons). The highest and lowest temperature over a period can be viewed by pressing Settings Button.