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Portfolio Performance Evaluation

By: Nizam Bakhshi


MBA II Student Pondicherry University

Portfolio evaluating refers to the evaluation of the performance of the portfolio. It is essentially the process of comparing the return earned on a portfolio with the return earned on one or more other portfolio or on a benchmark portfolio. Portfolio evaluation essentially comprises of two functions, performance measurement and performance evaluation.

Performance measurement is an accounting function which measures the return earned on a portfolio during the holding period or investment period. Performance evaluation , on the other hand, address such issues as whether the performance was superior or inferior, whether the performance was due to skill or luck etc.

The ability of the investor depends upon the absorption of latest developments which occurred in the market. The ability of expectations if any, we must able to cope up with the wind immediately. Investment analysts continuously monitor and evaluate the result of the portfolio performance.

The expert portfolio constructer shall show superior performance over the market and other factors. The performance also depends upon the timing of investments and superior investment analysts capabilities for selection. The evolution of portfolio always followed by revision and reconstruction.

The investor will have to assess the extent to which the objectives are achieved. For evaluation of portfolio, the investor shall keep in mind the secured average returns, average or below average as compared to the market situation. Selection of proper securities is the first requirement.

The evaluation of a portfolio performance can be made based on the following methods: a) Sharpes Measure b) Treynors Measure c) Jensens Measure

(a) Sharpe Measure:


The objective of modern portfolio theory is maximization of return or minimization of risk. In this context the research studies have tried to evolve a composite index to measure risk based return. The credit for evaluating the systematic, unsystematic and residual risk goes to sharpe, Treynor and Jensen. Sharpe measure total risk by calculating standard deviation.

The method adopted by Sharpe is to rank all portfolios on the basis of evaluation measure. Reward is in the numerator as risk premium. Total risk is in the denominator as standard deviation of its return. We will get a measure of portfolios total risk and variability of return in relation to the risk premium. The measure of a portfolio can be done by the following formula:

SI =(Rt Rf)/f Where, SI = Sharpes Index Rt = Average return on portfolio Rf = Risk free return f = Standard deviation of the portfolio return.

(b) Treynors Measure:


The Treynors measure related a portfolios excess return to non-diversifiable or systematic risk. The Treynors measure employs beta. The Treynor based his formula on the concept of characteristic line. It is the risk measure of standard deviation, namely the total risk of the portfolio is replaced by beta. The equation can be presented as follow:

Tn =(Rn Rf)/m Where, Tn = Treynors measure of performance Rn = Return on the portfolio Rf = Risk free rate of return m = Beta of the portfolio ( A measure of systematic risk)

(c) Jensens Measure:


Jensen attempts to construct a measure of absolute performance on a risk adjusted basis. This measure is based on CAPM model. It measures the portfolio managers predictive ability to achieve higher return than expected for the accepted riskiness. The ability to earn returns through successful prediction of security prices on a standard measurement. The Jensen measure of the performance of portfolio can be calculated by applying the following formula:

Rp = Rf + (RMI Rf) x Where, Rp = Return on portfolio RMI = Return on market index Rf = Risk free rate of return

Thank you

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