forces

dear student every day of your life you use

forces in some way or other walking to school,
opening a door, lifting books, kicking a football
or just standing up. where do you think your
forces come from? we have to understand that
when we want a stationary body to move, what
causes it to move. on the other hand, what
action brings a moving body to a state of rest?
this change in the original state of a body is
carried out by a known or sometime-unknown
external agent, called force.
 1 pushes and pulls

look carefully at these drawing of different

people using forces
what forces are being used in each picture? in
every one there is either a push or a pull
involved.

2 forces can be used to

•slow things down
•speed things up
•help things change direction
•change the shape or size of some objects

3 units of force:-the c.g.s unit of force is

dyne and s.i unit is newton.

4 the term:-force has both magnitude as

well as direction, so it is vector quantity.

5 big and small

force are either pushes or pull. some force are
very big. this weightlifter need a large force to
lift a weight over his shoulders and then hold it
there. he is pushing upwards on the bar, while
the bar is being pulled down by the earth's
gravity. his upwards push and the bar's
downward weight are balanced.
 people can produce large force, but
machines can produce even bigger pushes and
pulls. some machines can provide enormous force
which are very useful to us. they can be used to
pull a car out of a river or to left heavy weights.

6 newton's first law of motion

statement:-"a body continues to be in its

original state of the rest or of uniform motion
along a straight line path so long as no external
force acts on it”. the newton first law of motion
helps us to define the term: force.

7 inertia or inertia of rest

a student places a book on same table. the book

will continue to lie there, so long as the student
or somebody else do not lift the book. this
means the book, by it self, is unable to change
its state of rest. this inability of a body to
change its state of rest of its own is called its
inertia or inertia of rest.

8 friction

if we throw a cricket ball first on a cemented

floor and then on a marble floor. the ball will
finally came to rest after moving for different
times. why does the ball come to rest? it is due
to an opposing force of friction.

9 inertia or inertia of motion

newton confirmed that if these opposing forces

of friction are removed, then the ball can
continue moving endlessly for an infinite time.
this example suggests that a moving body by
itself is unable to change its state of motion in
to rest. this inability o the moving body is called
inertia or inertia of motion.

newton second law of

motion
newton's second law help us to measure the
amount of force needed to poduce a motion in a
body but before knowing second law we should
know what is momentum.

newton third law of motion

to ever action (force), there must exist an equal

and opposite reaction(force).

high-speed forces

have you ever blown up a balloon and then let it

go so that it flies off?
a jet engine work in the same way. inside the
engine, a mixture of air and jet fuel is set alight,
which rushes at high speed out of the back of
the engine. at the same time, the engine, and the
plane attached to it, is pushed forwards.

other forces

the two most common forces that we come

across every day are friction and gravity. but he
or she is slowed down a little by friction.
guided by:-

mrs. shashi kiran (science mistress)

presented by:-

charandeep sharma
taranpreet kaur
gaganpreet kaur. (class-9)
govt. model. sen. sec.
school
pheel khana. patiala