Introduction to

Engineering

Solution of Exercises

Prepared by: Mahmood (Atayee)

Usher: MSc Matiullah (Bahier)

Date: 31/12/2015
Unit 1
Sec tion 5

3974.8  3.9748  10  3.98  10 67427  6.7427  10  6.74  10

3 3 4 4

5.1 3974.8  5.2 67427 

3974.8  3.9748  10  3.975  10 67427  6.7427  10  6.743  10
3 3 4 4

5.6852  5.685 12.6573  1.26573 101  1.266 101

5.3 5.6862  5.4 12.6573 
5.6852  5.6852 12.6573  1.26573  10  1.27  10
1 1

0.00755  7.550  103 0.00463  4.63  103

5.5 0.00755  3
5.6 0.00463  3
0.00755  7.55  10 0.00463  4.630  10

5.7 14.905  1.4905  101 5.7 13.457  1.3457  101

Sec tion 6
1 1
1
6.1 (1.02)  (1  0.02)  1   0.02  1  0.01  1.01
2 2
2
1
 0.5  2
1 1 1
0.5 12 1 0.5
6.2 25.5  (25.5)  (25  0.5)   25(1 
2
)   25 (1 
2 2
)  25(1   )  5  1.01  5.05
 25  25 2 25
1
 0.36  3
1 1 1 1
1 0.36
6.3 3 63.36  (63.36)  (63  0.36)   63(1 
3
)   633 (1  
3
)  (64  1) 3 (1.002)
 63  3 63
1
 1 3  13 1 1 
1.002 64(1  )   1.002 64 (1   )   1.002  3 64(1  0.005)  1.002  4  0.995  3.987
 64   3 64 
1
 1 2
1 1 1
1 1
6.4 5  5  (4  1)   4(1  )   4 2 (1   )  4(1.125)  2.25
2 2

 4  2 4
1
 10  2
1 1 1
1 1
6.5 110  110  (100  10)  100(1 
2
)   100 2 (1   )  100 1.05  10.5
2

 100  2 10

1
 18  2
1 1 1
1 18
6.6 243  243  (225  18)   225(1 
2
)   225 2 (1  
2
)  225  1.04  15.6
 225  2 225
2 2
2
6.7 (1.1)  (1  0.1)  (1   0.1)  1  0.067  1.067
3 3
3
 1
 0.0002  2
1 11
1 2
6.8 0.0062  (0.0062)  (0.0064  0.0002)   0.0064(1 
2
)   0.0064 2 (1   )
2

 0.0064  2 64
0.0064  0.98  0.078
1
 0.004  2
1 1 1
1 4
6.9 0.044  (0.044)  (0.04  0.004)   0.04(1 
2
)   0.04 2 (1  
2
)
 0.04  2 40
0.04  0.95  0.2  0.95  0.19
4
 0.04  4 4 1
6.10 (5.04)  (5  0.04)  5(1 
4
)   54 (1 
4
)  625(1  4  )  625  1.032  645
 5  500 125
1
 0.004  2
1 1 1
4 12 1 1
6.11 (0.164)  (0.16  0.004)   0.16(1 
2
)   0.16 2 (1 
2
)  0.16(1   )  0.4  1.0125  0.405
 0.16  160 2 40
5
 0.005  5 5 1
6.12 (2.005)  (2  0.005)   2(1 
5
)   25 (1 
5
)  32(1  5  )  32  1.0125  32.4
 2  2000 400
1
1
 5 0 3 11
1 1 1 1
6.13 3 1050  1050  (1000  50)  1000(1 
3
)   1000 3 (1  ) 3  3 1000(1   )  10  1.016  10.16
3

 100 0  20 3 20
1
 7 3
1 1 1
1 7
6.14 3
2190  2190  (2197  7)   2197(1 
3
)   2197 3 (1  
3
)  3 2197  0.999  12.987
 2197  3 2197
1
 1 3
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
6.15 3
65  65  (64  1)  64(1  )   64 3 (1  ) 3  3 64 (1   )  4 1.005  4.02
3 3

 64  64 3 64
1
 3 3
1 1
1
3 13 3 1 3
6.16 3 340  340  (343  3)  343(1 
3
)   3433 (1 
3
)  343(1   )  7  0.997  6.979
 343  343 3 343
4
 0.02  5
4 4 4
1 54 1 1
)   (4)  (1  
4 1
6.17 (4.02)  (4  0.02)   4(1 
5 5
)  4 (1 
5 4 5
)  256 5 (1.004)
 4  200 5 200
1
 1
13 15  1 13
1.004(243  13) 5  1.004  2435 (1  )   1.004  5 243(1   )  1.004  3  1.01  3.042
 243  5 243
7
 0.05  3
7 7 7
5 73 1
7 1 1
6.18 (3.05)  (3  0.05)  3(1 
3 3
)   3 3 (1  )  ((3) 7 ) 3 (1   )  2187 3 (1.039)
 3  300 3 60
1
 1
10 13  1 10
(1.039)(2197  10) 3  1.039  2197 3 (1  )   1.039  3 2197(1   )  1.039  13  0.998  13.48
 2197  3 2197
Unit 2
Sec tion 1

Quantity Symbol Formula Measure Dimension

Area A ab m 2
M 0 L2T 0
Volume V abc m3 M 0 L3T 0
Velocity v d m M 0 L1T 1
t sec
Acceleration a v m M 0 L1T 2
t sec 2
Force F ma N  kg  m M 1 L1T 2
sec 2
Work W F d joul  N  m M 1 L2T 2
Energy E mgh joul  N  m M 1 L2T 2
Power P W watt  joul M 1 L1T 3
t sec
Pr essure p F pascal  N M 1 L1T 2
A m2
Angle  s
r
Rad , deg ree, grade M 0 L0T 0
Circle diameter d 2r m M 0 L1T 0
Day day 86400sec M 0 L0T 1
Hour hr 3600sec M 0 L0T 1
High / Altitude h m M 0 L1T 0
Wide w m M 0 L1T 0
Length l m M 0 L1T 0

Sec tion 2
2.1 s  dis tan ce a  acceleration t  time v0  velocity
1 m 1 m 2 m
s  v0  at 2    s  m the quantity of dis tan ce is m.  False 
2 s 2 s 2 s 2
2.2 d  di tan ce W  work v  velocity F  Force
m m
N m
W v s  N m  s  N  m  N  1
F  The quantity of Force is N .  False 
d m m m ms s

2.3 P  power m  mass v  velocity g  gravitation h  high t  time

mv 2 mgh mgh mv 2 t mgh m v2 t mv 2
 p p ( )( )p   ( ) p
2t t t 2t mgh t 2 t m gh gh
2
kg (m ) 2 kg  m 2
p s  s  kg The quantity of power is watt  joul .  False 
m 2 m 2
m 2 s
s s
Sec tion 3

w  8cm l  105  m  105  106  102 cm  10cm h  3  105  in  3  105  10 6  2.54cm  0.8cm

V  l  w  h  10cm  8cm  0.8cm  64cm3

( m) 3 m3
3.1 V  64cm3  64 cm 3
 64  106 m3  6.4  105 m3
(102 cm)3 6
10 cm 3

(10mm)3 3
3 10 mm
3
3.2 V  64cm 3
3
 64 cm  64  103 mm3  6.4  104 mm3
(cm) cm 3

( ft )3 ft 3 64
3.3 V  64cm3 3
 64 cm 3
 ft 3  2.26  103 ft 3
(30.48cm) 28316.85 cm 3 28316.85
(inch)3 inch3 64
3.4 V  64cm 3
3
 64 cm 3
 inch3  3.9inch3  4inch3
(2.54cm) 16.4 cm 3 16.4
(dm)3 dm3
3.5 V  64cm3  64 cm 3
 64  103 dm3  6.4  102 litter , 1dm3  1litter
(10cm)3 3
10 cm 3

gallon 6.4
3.6 V  64cm3  6.4  102 litter   102 gal  1.7  102 gal
3.875 litter 3.785

s ec tion 4

w  500m l  32800 ft  32800(0.3048m)  9997.44m

A  l  w  9997.44m  500m  4998720m 2

( ft ) 2 ft 2 4998720 2
4.1 A  4998720m 2 2
 4998720 m 2
 ft  55541333.3 ft 2
(0.3048m) 0.09 m 2 0.09
jerib 4998720
4.2 A  4998720 m 2  jerib  2499.4 jerib
2000 m 2 2000
( Hm) 2 Hm 2
4.3 A  4998720m 2 2 2
 4998720 m 2
 4998720  104 Hm 2  499.872 Hectar
(10 m) 4
10 m 2

Acre 4998720
4.4 A  4998720m 2  2
 Acre  1235.23 Acre
4046.8m 4046.8
4.5 A  4998720m 2
Sec tion 5
32.17lbm
5.1 685slug  685slug  685  32.17lbm  22036.45lbm , 1slug  32.17 l bm , 1lbm  0.031slug
slug

14.59kg
5.2 685slug  685slug  685  14.59kg  9994.15kg , 1slug  14.59kg , 1kg  0.0685slug
slug

103 gr
5.3 685slug  9994kg  9.994  106 gr
kg

ft
lb f sec 2 32.17lbm  sec 2 lb f sec2
sec 2 ft 12in
5.4   32.17lbm  slug  12slug ,  12 slug
in in in in in

lb f sec 2
2
in 685 lb f sec lb f sec2
685slug  685slug   57.1
12 slug 12 in in

ft
slug  sec 2
lb f sec 2 sec 2 slug  ft lb f sec 2
5.4    slug ,  slug
ft ft ft ft
lb f sec2
so 685slug  685
ft
ft
lbm
pbi  sec pbi  sec
2 2
sec 2 lbm  ft pbi  sec 2
5.5     lbm  0.031slug ,  lbm  0.031slug
ft ft pbi ft ft

pbi  sec 2
ft 685 pbi  sec2 pbi  sec2
685slug  685slug   22096.8
0.031slug 0.031 ft ft

pbi  sec 2 pbi  sec 2 12in pbi  sec 2 pbi  sec2 pbi  sec 2
5.6    12 ,  12  12 slug
in in ft ft in ft

pbi  sec 2
in 685 pbi  sec 2 pbi  sec 2
685slug  685slug   57.1
12 slug 12 in in
Sec tion 6
ft 14.59kg 0.3048m 1 m
6.1 4, 400lb f  4, 400 slug 2
   4, 400 2 14.59kg  0.3048m  19,567 kg  2  19,567 N
sec slug ft sec sec
kg f 19,567
6.2 4, 400lb f  19,567 N   kg f  2kg f
9.81 N 9.81
105 dyne
6.3 4, 400lb f  19,567 N   19,567 105 dyne  1.96 109 dyne
N
ft lbm 4, 400 ft ft
6.4 4, 400lb f  4, 400 slug 2
  lbm 2
 141935.5 lbm  141935.5 pbi
sec 0.031 slug 0.031 sec sec 2
m ton
6.5 4, 400lbm  2 kg f  2 kg f 2
 3 f  2 103 ton f
sec 10 kg f

Sec tion 7

1 joul  9.5 104 BTU  107 erg  0.239cal  0.7376 lb f ft  2.78 10 7 KWh  3.72 10 7 Hph  102kg f m  6.242 1018 ev
joul 95, 000
7.1 95, 000 BTU  95, 000 BTU 4
 104 joul  104 104 joul  108 joul
9.5 10 BTU 9.5
107 erg
7.2 95, 000 BTU  10 joul 
8
 1015 erg
joul
0, 239cal
7.3 95, 000 BTU  108 joul   0.239 108 cal  2.39 107 cal
joul
0.7376 lb f ft
7.4 95, 000 BTU  108 joul   0.7376 108 lb f ft  7.376 107 lb f ft
joul
2.78 107 KWh
7.5 95, 000 BTU  108 joul   2.78 108 107 KWh  27.8 KWh
joul
3.72 107 Hph
7.6 95, 000 BTU  108 joul   3.78 108 107 Hph  37.8 Hph
joul
102 kg f m 103 grf
7.7 95, 000 BTU  108 joul    102 108 103 grf m  1.02 1013 grf m
joul kg f
6.242 1018 ev
7.8 95, 000 BTU  108 joul   6.242 108 1018 ev  6.242 10 26 ev
joul

Sec tion 8
erg erg joul joul joul
8.1 1.492 1015  1.492 1015  7  1.492 1015 107  1.492  108
sec sec 10 erg sec sec
erg joul
8.2 1.492 1015  1.492 108  1.492  108 watt
sec sec
erg Hp 1.492
8.3 1.492 1015  1.492 108 watt  108 Hp  0.002 108 Hp  2.00  105 Hp
sec 745.7 watt 745.7
 erg joul 9.5 104 BTU BTU
8.4 1.492 1015  1.492 108   14.174 108  104  1.42  104
sec sec joul sec
erg joul 0.239 cal cal cal
8.5 1.492 1015  1.492 108   0.35658 108  3.57 107
sec sec joul sec sec
erg dyne.cm
8.6 1, 492 108  1, 492 108 , erg  dyne.cm
sec sec

Sec tion 9
101300 pascal
9.1 0.0003706 atm  0.0003706 atm  37.5 pascal
atm
N
9.2 0.0003706 atm  37.5 pascal  37.5 2
m
bar
9.3 0.0003706 atm  37.5 pascal 5  37.5 105 bar  3.75  104 bar
10 pascal

105 dyne
N ( m) 2 dyne dyne dyne
9.4 0.0003706 atm  37.5 2   2 2
 37.5  105  104 2
 3.75  102 2
 375
m N (10 cm) cm cm cm 2
m
kg
N 2 m3 slug ( ft )3 37.5 m3 slug  ft 3
9.5 0.0003706 atm  37.5 2  37.5 sec  37.5 kg     
m m2 sec2 14.59 kg (0.3048m)3 14.59 sec2 0.028 m3
ft
3 slug
37.5 slug . ft
 291.8 sec2  291.8 lb f
14.59  0.028 sec2 ft 2 ft 2
lb f ( ft ) 2 291.8 lb f lb f
9.6 0.0003706 atm  291.8    2.03
ft 2 (12in) 2 144 in 2 in 2
10.58 m  H 2O
9.7 0.0003706 atm  0.0003706 atm  3.92  103 m  H 2O
atm
76 cm  Hg
9.8 0.0003706 atm  0.0003706 atm  0.028cm  H
atm

sec tion10
10.1 523K  ? d  d  k  273  523  273  250
5 5
10.2 2600 F  ? d  d  ( F  32)  (2600  32)  1426.67
9 9
5 5
10.3 268F  ? d  d  ( F  32)  (268  32)  131.11
9 9
10.4 370 K  ? d  d  k  273  370  273  97
5 5
10.5  125F  ? d  d  ( F  32)  (125  32)  87.22
9 9
 5 5
10.6 568F  ? d  d  ( F  32)  (568  32)  297.78
9 9
10.7 180 K  ? d  d  k  273  180  273  93
5 5
10.8  217 F  ? d  d  ( F  32)  (217  32)  138.33
9 9
10.9 25K  ? d  d  k  273  25  273  248

Sec tion 11
9 9
11.1 380 C  ? F  F  C  32   380  32  716 F
5 5
9 9
11.2  215 C  ? F  F  C  32  (215)  32  355 F
5 5
9
11.3 12 K  ? F  C  12  273  261 C  F  (261)  32  437.8 F
5
9
11.4  28K  ? F  C  28  273  301 C  F  (301)  32  541.8 F
5
9
11.5 273 K  ? F  C  273  273  0 C  F  (0)  32  32 F
5
9 9
11.6 32 C  ? F  F  C  32  (32)  32  89.6 F
5 5
9 9
11.7 36 C  ? F  F  C  32  (36)  32  96.8 F
5 5
9 9
11.8 1500 C  ? F  F  C  32  (1500)  32  2732 F
5 5
9 9
11.9 768 K  ? F  F  C  32  (768)  32  1414.4 F
5 5
9
11.10 100 K  ? F  C  100  273  173 C  F  (173)  32  279.4 F
5

Sec tion12
d R 56.37 R
12.1 56.37  ? R      180 R  56.37  R  0.313 R
180  180 
d G 56.37 G
56.37  ? G      18G  56.37  20  G  62.63g
180 200 18 0 20 0
d mil 56.37 mil
56.37  ? mil     18mil  56.37  320  mil  1002.13mil
180 3200 18 0 320 0

d R 125.6 R
12.2 125.6  ? R      180 R  125.6  R  0.7 R
180  180 
d G 125.6 G
125.6  ? G     18G  125.6  20  G  139.6 g
180 200 18 0 20 0
d mil 125.6 mil
125.6  ? mil      18mil  125.6  320  mil  2232.89mil
180 3200 18 0 320 0
 1
12.3 28 12/  28  (12/  )  28  0.2  28.2
60/
d R 28.2 R
28.2  ? R      180 R  28.2  R  0.16 R
180  180 
d G 28.2 G
28.2  ? G     18G  28.2  20  G  31.33g
180 200 18 0 20 0
d mil 28.2 mil
28.2  ? mil      18mil  28.2  320  mil  501.33mil
180 3200 18 0 320 0

1 1
12.4 11 25/ 36/ /  11  (25/  /
)  (36/ /  )  11  0.42  0.01  11.43
60 3600/ /
d R 11.43 R
11.43  ? R      180 R  11.43   R  0.0635 R
180  180 
d G 11.43 G
11.43  ? G      18G  11.43  20  G  12.7 g
180 200 18 0 20 0
d mil 11.43 mil
11.43  ? mil      18mil  11.43  320  mil  203.2mil
180 3200 18 0 320 0

1
12.5 110 36 / /  110  (36/ /  )  110  0.01  110.01
3600/ /
d R 110.01 R
110.01  ? R      180 R  110.01  R  0.61 R
180  180 
d G 110.01 G
110.01  ? G      18G  110.01 20  G  122.23g
180 200 18 0 20 0
d mil 110.01 mil
110.01  ? mil      18mil  110.01 320  mil  1955.73mil
180 3200 180 3200

Sec tion13
in
m  3 lbm a  200 F ?
sec 2
in in ft slug 600 ft
F  m  a  3 lbm  200  600 lbm  2    slug  1.6 slug ft 2  1.6 lb f
sec 2
sec 12 in 32.17 lbm 12  32.17 sec 2
sec

S ec tion 14
m
m  80kg v  600 E ?
sec
1 2 1 m 2 m2 m
E mv   80kg (600 )  40kg  360, 000 2  144  105 kg 2
m  1.44  107 Nm  1.44  107 joul
2 2 sec sec sec
Sec tion 15
R  50 cm

15.1   172.3    172.3  ( ) R  3.01 R  S    R  3.01 50cm  150.5cm
180
15.2   2.15 R  s    R  2.15  50cm  107.5cm
1500 R
15.3   1500mil    32 R  15  3.14  R  1.5R  S    R  1.5  50cm  75cm
3200 
90 R
15.4   90 Grad    20 R  9  3.14  R  1.41R  S    R  1.41 50cm  70.5cm
200 
130 R
15.5   130    18R  13  3.14  R  2.267 R  S    R  2.267  50cm  113.35cm
180 
1 1
15.6   22 15/ 30/ /  22  (15/ / )  (30/ / )  22  0.25  0.008  22.258
60 3600/ /

  22.258  22.258  0.39 R  S    R  0.39  50cm  19.5cm
180

Sec tion 16
R  20 inch  20  2.54cm  50.8cm
15.1   3.01 R  S    R  3.01 50.8cm  152.91cm
15.2   2.15 R  s    R  2.15  50.8cm  109.22 cm
15.3   1.5R  S    R  1.5  50.8cm  76.2 cm
15.4   1.41R  S    R  1.41 50.8cm  71.63 cm
15.5   2.267 R  S    R  2.267  50.8cm  115.16 cm
15.6   0.39 R  S    R  0.39  50.8cm  19.81 cm

sec tion 17
R  2 ft  2  30.48cm  60.96cm
S 60.96cm R
17.1 S  24 in  24  2.54cm  60.96cm     1
R 60.96cm
S 60 cm
17.2 S  60 cm      0.98R
R 60.96
S 85cm
17.3 S  0.85m  85cm      1.394 R
R 60.96cm
S 1.68cm
17.4 S  168mm  1.68cm      0.28R
R 60.96cm
S 85.34cm
17.5 S  2.8 ft  2.8  30.48cm  85.34cm      1.399 R
R 60.96cm
S 125cm
17.6 S  125 cm      2.05R
R 60.96cm
Sec tion 18
3
3
R
v  5
5sec sec

3 
1sec  3600sec 3 1cycle 2  cycle  2160
5 x   2160  x  1080cycle
1sec 5 x 2160  2
3600sec x 

Sec tion 19
mile mile 1609m hr cm
v  45  45    2011.25 , d  30in  r  15in  15  2.54cm  38.1
hr hr mile 3600sec sec

p  2 r  2  3.14  38.1cm  239.3cm

2011.25cm 239.3cm  1sec 239.3cm 1cycle 0.12sec  60sec 1cycle

x  0.12sec
60sec 
x  500cycle
1sec x  2011.25cm x 0.12sec

Sec tion 20
1hr  3600sec 3000cycle  3000cycle
 x  0.83cycle  0.83(2 ) R  0.83  2  3.14 R  5.2 R
1sec x  3600

Sec tion 21
d 1.05in ft
d  1.05in , r    0.525in  0.525in   0.044 ft , p  2 r  2  3.14  0.044 ft  0.28 ft
2 2 12
1h  3600sec 3000cycle  3000  200cycle 1cycle 0.28 ft 
 x  166.67cycle x  166.67  0.28 ft  46.67 ft
200sec x  3600 166.67cycle x 

Sec tion 22
1hr  3600sec 2 R  2880  2 R
 x   1.6 R
48 min  2880sec x  3600
Unit 3
Sec tion 1
1
  (16) 2  4  16  4
1
4
1.1 log16
2
1 1
1.2 log 327   (27) 3  3  27  3
3
1 1 1
1.3 log132179  3 133 
1
 3
2179 3 2179
1.4 log a  0  a  1
1 0

1
1 1 1
1.5 log 232  5  (2) 5 
 5
32 2 32
1
2 1 1 1
4  2  4
1.6 log 16   2 
16 4 16
1.7 log 5  t  5  p
p t

5  3  5  125
1.8 log125 3

Sec tion 2
2.1 103  0.001  log10
0.001
 3
2.2 104  0.0001  log10
0.0001
 4
2.3 32  9  log 39  2
2.3 50  1  log15  0
2.4 u m  n  log un  m
2.5 r s  t  log tr  s

Sec tion 3

9  log 9  2 log 9  2
2
3.1 log 81 9 9

 log10  3log10 3
3
3.2 log1000
10
10 10

2  log 2  6 log10  6
6
3.3 log 64 2 10

1 1
2
3.4 log  log
9
3
32
3  log 33  2
1 1
3.5 log1010  log10
10
  log10
10
 1
1
1 1
3.6 log 8 8  log 88  log 88 
5 5

5 5
1 3
0.001
3.7 log10  log101000  log10
10  3

3.8 10log10  7 log10  71  7

7 10

1 1 3
3.9 log 2 8  log 2 2  log 22  3
3

3.10 105log10  105 10log10  105  2log10  2 105

2 2 10
 2
3.11 log 41  log 221  log 22  2
2

2 1
 log10
10  3
3
3.12 log1000
10

3.13 10log10  23log10  231  23

23 10

1 1
3.14 log 4 8  log 222  log 22 
3 1

2 2
3.15 24log3  (3  8) log3  (3log3 )(8log3 )  (2log3 )(8log3 )  2  8log3
2 2 2 2 3 2 2

12
3.16 log zz 2  log zz  6
12

2
 2 v 2 1)  4 v2  2
 log v2  log vv
4 4
3.17 log v2( v

Sec tion 4
log 3a  0.5 , log a2  0.3
29
a  log a  log a2  log 9a  0.3(log 3a )  0.3  2 log 3a  0.3  2  0.5  0.3
2
4.1 log18
4.2 log 2a  3log 2a  3(0.3)  0.9
3

4.3 log 3a  2 log 3a  2(0.5)  1

2

2
4.4 log  log a2  log 3a  0.3  0.5  0.2
3
a
1 1 1 
1
31 1
 log  log  log  log   log 3a  log a2  (0.5)  (0.3)  0.8
2 2
3 2 3 2
4.5 log a a a a a
2
4.6 log a 16  log 2a  0.3
4

log a272 log 3a  log a2 3(0.5)  (0.3) 1.8 18

3
log 54
4.7 log  54a
      1.63
log 4a3 log 2a  log 3a 2(0.3)  (0.5) 1.1 11
12 2
log12
a

4.8 (log a2 )(log 2a )  log 2a  log a2  1

1 1
4.9 log a2  2
  3.33
log a 0.3
49 log 3a 0.5
4  81  log 4  3 81  log 44  log 322  3 81  log 32  4.33   4.33   0.3
2
4.10 3
81 log 36 3
2
log a 0.3

sec tion 5
2 2
2
5.1 log   x  8 3  (2 3 ) 3  22  4
x
8
3
1
1
5.2 log 6x   x  6 3  3 6
3
x 3
5.3 log 4  2  x  3  42  x  16  3  19
5.4 log 5x  2  x 2  5  x  5
 x2
 1  x 2  x  2  21  x 2  x  4  0  x1  2.56 , x2  1.56
2
5.4 log 2x
1 8
5.5 log 3x 3  1  x  3  31  x   3 
3 3
 3 x  4
 2  x 2  3 x  4  22  x 2  3 x  0  x1  0, x2  3
2
5.6 log 2x
2 x 10 1 1
5.7 10log10   x log10   x1 
12 6 6
5.8 1  log10  2  log10  log10  log10
x 10 x 100
 1  x  10
5.9 log 32 x 1  1  log 32 x 1  log 33  2 x  1  3  x  2
5.10 log 5x 1  2  log 5x 1  log 525  x  1  25  x  24
5.11 2  log10x  3  log100
10  log10  log10
x 1000
100  x  1000
10
3 x 1 4 3 x 1
5.12 log 6  log  log  log
10
6
2
6 6  log 6
2
 3x  1  5  x 
3
15
15 15
5.13 log 82 x  log158  log 8
4
 log 82 x  log 84  2 x  x
4 8
2 1
1
5.14 3log 2x  2 log 82  log 2x  2 log 223  log 2x  2   x 3  2 3  4 3  3 4  x  9 4
3 3

3
x
x 9
5.15 log 4x  log 4x 1  2 log 34  log 4x 1  log 34   32  x  9 x  9  x 
2

x 1 8
5.16 2 log 34x 1  log10 (3 x 1)
4  log 4  log 4  log 4 2  (3 x  1) 2  5  9 x  6 x  4  0  x1  0.41 , x2  1.08
2 10
2

x2
x2
5.17 log  log  log  log  log
x2
10
5
10
7
10
2
10
5
10  log   14  x 2  70  x  70
14
10
5
5.18 log 5x 1  log 5x  2  2 log 5 6  log 5( x 1)( x  2)  log 5( 6 )2
 x2  2 x  x  2  6  x2  3x  4  0  x  4
32
1 2 1 1 2
x 1 32
 2 log 83  2 3 log 8x 1  log 8 ( x 1) 3
 log 8( x 1)  ( x  1) 3   ( x  1) 3 ( x  1) 3  9  x  1  9  x  8
3
5.19 1
3 log 8 2
( x  1) 3

Sec tion 6
x 1
1
 log a x  log ay z  log ax  log ay  log az  log zx  2 log ay  5log az
2 5 2 5 2 2 5
6.1 log ay z

2
3
xz 2
3 3 2 1 2
 log a xz  log ay  log a x  log a z  log ay  log ax  log az  log ay
2 3
y
6.2 log a
3 3
xy 3

6.3 log az  log axy  log az  log ax  log ay  log az  log ax  2 log ay  2 log az
2 3 2 3 2

3 x y
6 2 1 6 2 1 1
 log a  log az  log a x y  log az  log a x  log a y  log az  log ax  log ay  log az
3 x y 6
z
6.4 log a
3 6
1 1 1
3 1 1 1
 log a  log a z  log a xy  log a z  log ax  log ay  log az  log ax  log ay  log az
x y z x y 3 4 3 4 4 3
6.5 log a
4 4 3
3 y3y y
6 y 2 y 2 y3 7 7 1 1
 log a  log a z  log a y  log a z  log a x  log ay  log az  log ax
3 3 12 3
z x x
6.6 log a
12 3 2
Sec tion 7
1

1 x3 ( x  3) 2 x3 x  3
1
7.1 3log  log ax 3  4 log ax 1  log ax  log a ( x  3) 2
 log ( x 1) 4
 log a ( x  4)4
 log a( x 4)
3 4
x
a a
2
2 8
x2 x2 ( x ) 5 x5 5
x8
1
( x 1) 1 2

7.2 2 log  3log  log ax  log ax  log (ax 1)  log a  log ( x 1)3 ( x )
 log ( x 1)3
 log ( x 1)3
 log ( x 1)3
2 2 3
x ( x2 ) 5 5

a a a a a a
5
y y2 y2 y3
yx 2
7.3 log ayx  2 log  3log ay  log ayx  log ax  log ay x  log a  log ay x  log ay  log ay x  log ay x  log ax
2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 1
x x x
a
y y y
x 10 19
7.4 log ax  2 log ax  10 log axy  log ax  log (axy  log ay  log ax  log ax  log ax
2 2 10 10 20 10 20
) y y y

Sec tion 8 + X-axis

81. F ( x)  log 3x
3

(2,1.6)
x F(x)
1 1 (1,1)

0
+ Y-axis
-1
( ,0)
2 1.6
3 2 ( ,-1)
4 2.26

8.2 F ( x)  log 4x

(4,1)
x F(x)
1 0
(1,0)
-1

-2

4 1 ( ,-1)
16 2
8.3 F ( x)  log3x

x F(x)
1 0 (3, 1)

-1
(1,0)

-2
( ,-1)
3 1
9 2

8.4 F ( x)  log x12

( ,2)

x F(x)
( ,1)
1 0

1 (1,0)

2
(2,-1)
2 -1
4 -2

(4,-2)

8.5 F ( x)  log 2 x

x F(x)
1 0 (4,1)

-1

(1,0)
-2

4 1
16 2
( ,-1)
8.6 F ( x)  log 2x
2

(3,3.17)
(-3,3.17)
x F(x)
1 0 (-2,2) (2,2)

2 2
3 3.17 (-1,0) (1,0)

-2
( ,0)
-1 0 (- ,0)

-2 2
-3 3.17

-2

8.7 F ( x)  log 22 x

x F(x)
0 1 (2,2)
-1 0
(0,1)
1 1.6
(-1,0)
2 2
-2

8.8 F ( x)  log 22 x

x F(x)
1 0
(0,1)
0 1
(1,0)
2
 F ( x)  log 22
1
8.9

21
F ( x)  log 22  log 2   log 22  1
1

-1

2 x
8.10 F ( x)  log 2

x F(x)
-2 ∞
0 1
-4 1
2 2 (-4,1) (0,1)
-3 0
-1 0

(-3,0) -2
(-1,0)

1
8.11 F ( x) 
log 2x

x F(x)
1 ∞ (2,1)
2 1
1
-1

( ,- 1)

4
Q 9 y  2x and y  log 2 x

y = 2x y = log2x

x F(x) x F(x) (1,1)

0 0 1 0.3
1 2
0 (1,0.3)
2 4
-1 -2 5 1 (0.5,1)
-2 -4

Sec tion 10
10.1 370
log10  2.5682
10.2 0.37
log10  1  0.5682  0.4317
10.3 9.31
log10  0.9689
10.4 0.00931
log10  3  0.9689  2.0311
10.5 931
log10  2.9689
 2 log10  2(1.9469)  3.8938
2
(88.5) 88.5
10.6 log10
10.7 504
log10  2.7024
10.7 0.000504
log10  4  0.7024  3.2976
10.8 50.4
log10  1.7024
1
1 88.5 1
10.9 log 88.5
10  log 88.5 2
10  log10  (1.9469)  0.9734
2 2
1

10.10 log 10
88.5
 log10
1
 log1088.5  0  (0.9734)  0.9734
 4 log10  4(3.7379)  14.9516
4
(5470) 5470
10.11 log10
1
1 1
10.12 log(54.7) 4
10  log10
54.7
 (1.7379)  0.4344
4 4
 3log10  3(1  0.3856)  3(0.6144)  1.8432
3
(0.243) 0.243
10.13 log10
3
10.14 (0.243)
log10  3log10
0.243
 3(0.6144)  1.8432
Sec tion 11
11.1 log10x  1.4813  x  anti log1.4813
10

anti log1.4800
10
1.4813
anti log10 1.4814
anti log10
3.02 x 3.03

3.03 0.4814 
0.01  x  0.0014
 d  3.02 
0.4813
0.4800  0.0013


d 0.0013 0.0013  0.01

 d   0.009
0.01 0.0014 0.0014

x  d  3.02  0.009  3.02  3.029

x  anti log1.4813
10  3.029  101  30.29

11.2 log10x  3.6421 x  anti log10

3.6421

0.6415 0.6421 0.6425

anti log10 anti log10 anti log10
4.380 x 4.390

 4.390 0.6425 
0.010  x  0.0010
 d  4.380 
0.6421
0.6415  0.0006 


d 0.0006 0.0006  0.010

 d   0.006
0.010 0.0010 0.0010

x  d  4.380  0.006  4.380  4.386

x  anti log10
3.6421
 4.386  103  4386

6.3444 10 10 4

11.3 log10x  6.3444  10  x  anti log10  anti (log10
6
 log10
0.3444
 log10 )  anti log10  anti log10
0.3444

4
anti log 6.3444  10  anti log10  anti log10
0.3444
 104  2.21  0.000221

7.774 10 10 3

11.4 log10x  7.774  10  x  anti log10  anti (log10
7
 log10
0.774
 log10 )  anti log10  anti log10
0.774

anti log 7.774  10  anti log103  anti log10

0.774
 103  5.945  0.005945

9.292310 10 1
11.5 log10x  9.2923  10  x  anti log10  anti (log10
9
 log10
0.2923
 log10 )  anti log10  anti log10
0.2923

1
anti log 9.2923  10  anti log10  anti log10
0.2923
 101  1.96  0.196
 5.9292  9 9 4
11.6 log10x  5.9292  9  x  anti log10  anti (log10
5
 log10
0.9292
 log10 )  anti log10  anti log10
0.9292

4
anti log 5.9292  9  anti log10  anti log10
0.9292
 104  8.497  0.0008497
11.7 log10x  3.8102  x  anti log10
3.8102
 6460
11.8 log10x  0.0212  x  anti log10
0.0212
 1.05
11.9 log10x  0.9533  x  anti log10
0.9533
 8.98

11.10 log10x  1.6312  x  anti log1.6312

10
0.6304 0.6312 0.6314
anti log10 anti log10 anti log10
4.270 x 4.280

 4.280 0.6314 
0.010  x  0.0010
 d  4.270 
0.6312
0.6304  0.0008


d 0.0008 0.0002  0.010

 d   0.008
0.010 0.0010 0.0010

x  d  4.270  0.008  4.270  4.278

1
1 88.5 1
x  anti log 88.5
10  log
88.5 2
10  log10  (1.9469)  0.9734
2 2

Sec tion 12
12.1 log 0.4217  log10 1  log 4.217  1  log 4.217
4.210 4.217 4.220
log10 log10 log10
0.6243 x 0.6253

 4.220 0.6253 
0.01   0.0010
0.007  4.210 
4.217 x
0.6243  d 


d 0.007 0.007  0.001

 d   0.0007
0.001 0.01 0.01

x  d  0.6243  0.0007  0.6243  0.625

0.4217
log10   1  log 4.217  1  0.625  0.375
12.2 log 6483  log103  log 6.483  3  log 6.483
6.480 6.483 6.490
log10 log10 log10
0.8116 x 0.8122

6.490 0.8122 
0.01   0.0006
0.007  6.480 
6.483 x
0.8116  d 


d 0.007 0.007  0.0006

 d   0.00042
0.0006 0.01 0.01

x  d  0.8116  0.00042  0.8116  0.81202

6483
log10  3  log 6.483  3  0.81202  3.81202

 log10
10  log10  2  log 3.658
2
365.8 3.658
12.3 log10
3.650 3.658 3.660
log10 log10 log10
0.5623 x 0.5635

3.660 0.5635 
0.010   0.0012
0.008  3.650 
3.658 x
0.5623  d 


d 0.008 0.008  0.0012

 d   0.00096
0.0012 0.01 0.01

x  d  0.5623  0.00096  0.5623  0.56326

365.8
log10  2  log 3.658  2  0.56326  2.56326

 log10  log10  1  log 2.734

1
27.34 10 2.734
12.4 log10
2.730 2.734 2.740
log10 log10 log10
0.4361 x 0.4377

 2.740 0.4377 
0.010   0.0016
0.004  2.730 
2.734 x
0.4361  d 


d 0.004 0.004  0.0016

 d   0.00064
0.0016 0.01 0.01

x  d  0.4361  0.00064  0.4361  0.43674

27.34
log10  1  log 2.734  1  0.43674  1.43674
 3
12.5 0.001769
log10  log10
10
 log10
1.769
 3  log1.769
log1.760
10 log1.769
10 log1.770
10

0.2455 x 0.2480

1.770 0.2480 
0.010   0.0025
0.009  1.760 
1.769 x
0.2455  d 


d 0.009 0.0025  0.009

 d   0.00225
0.0025 0.01 0.01

x  d  0.2455  0.00225  0.2455  0.24775

0.001769
log10  3  log1.769  3  0.24775  2.75225

 log10  log10  3  log 7.835

3
7835 10 7.835
12.6 log10
7.830 7.835 7.840
log10 log10 log10
0.8938 x 0.8943

7.840 0.8943 
0.010   0.0005
0.005  7.830 
7.835 x
0.8938  d 


d 0.005 0.005  0.0005

 d   0.00025
0.0005 0.01 0.01

x  d  0.8938  0.00025  0.8938  0.89405

7835
log10  3  log 7.835  3  0.89405  3.89405

 log10
10  log10  7  log 5.483
7
54,830,000 5.483
12.7 log10
5.480 5.483 5.490
log10 log10 log10
0.7388 x 0.7396

5.490 0.7396 
0.010   0.008
0.003  5.480 
5.483 x
0.7388  d 


d 0.003 0.003  0.008

 d   0.0024
0.008 0.01 0.01

x  d  0.7388  0.0024  0.7388  0.7412

54,830,000
log10  7  log 5.483  7  0.7412  7.7412
Unit 4
(0,1)
Q 1

1.1 P ( 4 3 )
3 1 (-1,0) (1,0)
P[sin( 4 3 ) , cos ( 4 3 )]  P [  , ]
2 2

(0,-1)

1.2 P(7)

(0,1) P(7) (0,1)

(-1,0) (1,0) (-1,0) (1,0)

(0,-1) (0,-1)

(0,1) (0,1)

(-1,0) (1,0) (-1,0) (1,0)

(0,-1) (0,-1)
1.6 P(2)
p(3,2)

(0,1) (0,1)

(-1,0) (1,0) P(2) (-1,0) (1,0)

(0,-1) (0,-1)


1.8 P( )
6
3 1
P[cos(  6 ),sin (  6 )]  P ( , )
2 2

(0,1) P(7) (0,1)

(-1,0) (1,0) p(-5) (-1,0) (1,0)

(0,-1) (0,-1)

1.10 P(0.5)

(0,1) (0,1)

(-1,0) P(-0.5) (1,0) (1,0)

(-1,0)

(0,-1) (0,-1)
 13
1.12 P( )
4
2 2
P[cos(13 4 ),sin (13 4 )]  P (  , )
2 2

(0,1) (0,1)

(-1,0) (1,0) (1,0) P(43)

(-1,0)

(0,-1) (0,-1)

1.14 P(65)

(0,1) (0,1)

(-1,0) (1,0) P(65) P(-16) (1,0)

(-1,0)

(0,-1) (0,-1)

1.14 P(65)

(0,1)

P(-21) (-1,0) (1,0)

(0,-1)
Q2 P(t )  P(t  2 n)
2.1 P(7 )  p(3  2 )  P cos(3 2  2 ),sin(3 2  2 )  P cos 3 2 ,sin 3 2  P(0, 1)
2 2
2.2 P(5 )  P  (  2 )   P cos[( 2  2 )],sin[ ( 2  2 )]  P cos  2 ,  sin  2  P(0, 1)
2  2 
2.3 P(6 )  P  (0  6 )   P cos[ (0  6 )],sin[ (0  6 )]  P cos 0,  sin 0  P(1, 0)
2.4 P(3 )  P cos(3 2 ) ,sin(3 2 )  P(0, 1)
2
2.5 P(3 )  P  0  3   P cos(0  3 ) ,sin(0  3 )  P cos 0,sin 0  P(1, 0)
2.6
2  2 
P(5 )  P   2  P cos( 2  2 ) ,sin( 2  2 )  P cos  2 ,sin  2  P(0,1)
2.7 P(5 )  P(0  5 )  P cos(0  5 ),sin(0  2 )  P cos 0,sin 0  P(1, 0)
2.8 P(43)  P(0  43 )  P cos(0  43 ) ,sin(0  43 )  P cos 0,sin 0  P(1, 0)
2.9 P(8 )  P  (0  8 )   P cos[(0  8 )],sin[ (0  8 )]  P cos 0,  sin 0  P(1, 0)

2.10 P(7 )  P  (3  2 )   P cos[ (3 2  2 )],sin[ (3 2  2 )]  P cos 3 2 ,  sin 3 2  P(0,1)
2  2 
2.11 P(27 )  P  (0  27 )   P cos(0  27 ) ,sin(0  27 )  P cos 0,sin 0  P(1, 0)
2.12 P(100 )  P  (0  100 )   P cos[(0  100 )],sin[(0  100 )]  P cos 0,  sin 0  P(1, 0)
2.13 P(43)  P  (0  43 )   P cos[(0  43 )],sin[(0  43 )]  P cos 0,  sin 0  P(1, 0)
2.14 P(3 )  P cos[ (3 2 )],sin[ (3 2 )]  P(0,1)
2
2.15 P(5 )  P  (0  5 )   P cos[(0  5 )],sin[ (0  5 )]  P cos 0,  sin 0  P(1, 0)
2.16 P(100 )  P(0  100 )  P cos(0  100 ),sin(0  100 )  P cos 0, sin 0  P(1, 0)

 2 2   3 1  1 3
Q 3 P( )  ( , ) , P( )  (0,1) , P ( )  ( , ) , P( )  ( , )
4 2 2 2 6 2 2 3 2 2

7  3 1
3.1 p( )  P(  )  ( , )
6 6 2 2
5  3 1
3.2 p( )  p(  )  ( , )
6 6 2 2
2   1 3
3.3 p( )  p(  )  ( , )
3 2 6 2 2
7  3 1
3.4 p( )  p(2  )  ( , )
3 3 2 2
7 3  3 1
3.5 p( )  p(  )  ( , )
6 2 3 2 2
4  1 3
3.6 p( )  p (  )  ( ,
3 3 2 2
Sec tion 4 P(t )  ( 4 5 , 3 5 )
4.1 P(t   )  p (t   )  P  ( 4 5 ), ( 3 5 )  P  4 5 , 3 5 
4.2 P(t   )  p (t   )  P  ( 4 5 ), ( 3 5 )  P  4 5 ,  3 5 
4.3 P(t )   p(t )   P ( 4 5 , 3 5 )  P   4 5 ,  3 5 
4.4 P(t   )  p (t )  P  4 5 , 3 5 
4.5 P(t  27 )  p (t  27 )   P (t )   P ( 4 5 ), ( 3 5 )  P   4 5 ,  3 5 
4.6 P(t  15 )  p (t  15 )   P(t )   P ( 4 5 ), ( 3 5 )  P   4 5 ,  3 5 
4.7 P(t  13 )  p(t )  P  4 5 , 3 5 
4.8 P(t  6 )  p (t )   P (t )  P   4 5 ,  3 5 

Sec tion 5
 3
5.1 cos t  0  In the interval of ( ,  ) & ( , ) and in the quardenat of ( II ) & ( III )
2 2
 3
5.2 tan t  0  In the interval of ( ,  ) & ( , 2 ) and in the quardenat of ( II ) & ( IV )
2 2
 
5.3 sin t  0  In the interval of (0, ) & ( ,  ) and in the quardenat of ( I ) & ( II )
2 2
 3
5.4 cot t  0  In the interval of ( ,  ) & ( , 2 ) and in the quardenat of ( II ) & ( IV )
2 2
 3
5.5 sec t  0  In the interval of (0, ) & ( , 2 ) and in the quardenat of ( I ) & ( IV )
2 2
3 3
5.6 sin t  0  In the interval of ( , ) & ( , 2 ) and in the quardenat of ( III ) & ( IV )
2 2
 
5.7  In the interval of (0, ) & ( ,  ) and in the quardenat of ( I ) & ( II )
csc t  0
2 2
3 3
5.8 csc t  0  In the interval of ( , ) & ( , 2 ) and in the quardenat of ( III ) & ( IV )
2 2
 3
5.9 sec t  0  In the interval of ( ,  ) & ( , ) and in the quardenat of ( II ) & ( III )
2 2
 3
5.10 cot t  0  In the interval of (0, ) & ( , ) and in the quardenat of ( I ) & ( III )
2 2

Sec tion 6

6.1 cos t  0  cos t  cos 2  t 
2
6.2 sin t  0  sin t  sin 0  t  0
6.3 tan t  0  tan t  tan 0  t  0

6.4 csc t  1  csc t  csc 2  t 
2
6.5 sec t  1  sec t  sec 0  t  0

6.6 cot t  0  cot t  cot 2  t 
2
 3 cos 53 3 3 3
6.7 cot t   , t  ?  cot(180  53 )   cot 53   5  cot t    cot t  cot 233  t  233
4 sin 53 4
5 4 4
3 3 3
6.8 cos t  , t  ?  cos 53   cos t   cos t  cos 53  t  53
5 5 5
1   1 1 2 2
6.9 cos t   , t  ?  cos(  )   cos    cos t    cos t  cos t 
2 3 3 2 2 3 3
3 3 3
6.10 sin t  1 , t  ?  sin  1  sin t  1  sin t  sin t
2 2 2
  
6.11 cos t  0 , t  ?  cos 0  cos t  0  cos t  cos t
2 2 2
2 2 2
6.12 sin t   , t  ?  sin(360  41.8)    sin t    sin t  sin 318.2  t  318.2
3 3 3
13 13 5 13
6.13 sec t   , t  ?  sec 1 ( )  cos 1 ( )  112.6  sec t    sec t  sec112.6  t  112.6
5 5 13 5
1
6.14 sec t  5 , t  ?  sec 1 (5)  cos 1 ( )  101.5  sec t  5  sec t  sec t101.5  t  101.5
5

Sec tion 7
7.1 sin (180   )   sin 
7.2 tan (180   )  tan 
7.3 cot (180   )  cot 
7.4 sin (270   )   cos 
7.5 cos (270   )  sin 
7.6 sin (270   )   sin 
7.7 cos (270   )   sin 
7.8 cos (540   )  cos (180   )  cos 
7.9 tan (630   )  tan (630  360   )  tan ( 270   )   cot 
7.10 cos (180   )   cos 
7.11 sin (  360)  sin (360   )  sin 
7.12 sec (540   )  sec (540  180   )  sec(180   )   sec 
7.13 csc (  630)  csc[  (630  360)]  csc(  270)  csc[(270   )]   csc(270   )  ( sec  )  sec 
7.14 sec (900   )  sec (900  2  360   )  sec (180   )  sec 
7.15 cos (720   )  cos (720  360   )  cos (360   )  cos 
7.16 tan (   )  tan (   )  tan 
7.17 sin (   )  sin (   )   sin 
7.15 sin (840   )  sin (840  2  360   )  sin (120   )  sin[(90)  (30   )]  cos (30   )
Sec tion 8
8.1 tan (180   )  tan 
8.2 sin(180   )   sin 
8.3 cot (180   )  cot 
8.4 sin (270   )   cos 
8.5 cos (270   )  sin 
8.6 sin (270   )   sin 
8.7 cos (270   )   sin 
8.8 cos (540   )  cos (180   )  cos 
8.9 tan (630   )  tan (630  360   )  tan ( 270   )   cot 
8.10 cos (180   )   cos 
8.11 sin (  360)  sin (360   )  sin 
8.12 sec (540   )  sec (540  180   )  sec(180   )   sec 
8.13 csc (  630)  csc[  (630  360)]  csc(  270)  csc[(270   )]   csc(270   )  ( sec  )  sec 
8.14 sec (900   )  sec (900  2  360   )  sec (180   )  sec 
8.15 cos (720   )  cos (720  360   )  cos (360   )  cos 
8.16 tan (   )  tan (   )  tan 
8.17 sin (   )  sin (   )   sin 
8.15 sin (840   )  sin (840  2  360   )  sin (120   )  sin[(90)  (30   )]  cos (30   )

Sec tion 9

9.1 cos 1 (0)  90 
2
1
9.2 sin (0)  0
3 
9.3  sin 1 ( )  (60 )  60  
2 3
3 
9.4 sin 1 ( )  60  
2 3
2 
9.5 cos 1 ( )  45 
2 4
3
9.6 sin 1 ( 1)  270 
2
9.7 cos ( 1)  180  
1

sin 1 ( 3 ) 
9.8 tan 1 ( 3)  
cos 1 ( 3 ) 3
sin 1 (  3 ) 
9.9 tan 1 (  3)  1

cos (   3 ) 3

sin 1 (  4 ) 
9.10 tan 1 (1)  1

cos (  4 ) 4
 1 
9.11 cos 1 ( )  60 
2 3
1 2
9.12 cos 1 ( )  180  60  120 
2 3
1 1
9.13 sec 1 (1)  1 
 1
cos ( 2 ) 1
cos (  4 ) 
9.14 cot 1 ( 1)   ( )  45
sin ( 4 )
 4

Sec tion10
3  
10.1 sin x   sin x  sin  x 
2 3 3
1   
10.2 cos 2 x   (cos x) 2  cos  x 2   x    30
2 3 3 3
1 1
10.3 sin x cos x  0   2sin x cos x  0  sin 2 x  0  sin 2 x  0  x  0
2 2
1
10.4 (tan x  1) (2sin x  1)  0  tan x  1  0 , 2sin x  1  0  tan x  1 , x1  45  sin x   , x  30
2
2
10.5 2sin 2 x  sin x  1  0  4sin x cos x  sin x  1  0  sin x(4 cos x  1  1)  sin x  0 , cos   x1  0 , x2  60
4
1
10.6 2sin x  sin x  0  sin x(2sin x  1)  0  sin x  0 , sin x    x1  0 , x2  30
2

2
10.7 cos x  cos 2 x  0  cos x  2 cos x  1  0  2 cos x  cos x  1  0  d  cos x , so 2d 2  d  1  0
2 2

1 1
d1  1 , d 2   cos x  1 , cos x   x1  180 , x2  60
2 2
1
10.8 2 tan x sin x  tan x  0  tan x(2sin x  1)  0  tan x  0 , sin x   x1  0 , x2  30
2
1 2 cos 2 x  1 1
10.9 2 cos x  sec x  0  2 cos x  0   0  2 cos 2 x  1  0  cos x    x1  45 , x2  135
cos x cos x 2
1 2sin x  1
10.10 2sin x  csc x  3  2sin x  3   3  2sin x  1  3sin x  sin x  1  x  90
sin x sin x
10.11 sin x  1  cos x  (sin x  1)  ( sin 2 x  1 ) 2  sin 2 x  2sin x  1  sin 2 x  1  2sin x  2  sin x  1  x  270
10.12 sec x  1  tan x  tan 2  1  1  tan x  tan 2 x  tan x  0  tan x(tan x  1)  0  tan x  0 , tan x  1  x1  o , x2  45
10.13 2 cos x  3sin x  2  2( 1  sin 2 x )  3sin x  2  ( 2 1  sin 2 x ) 2  (2  3sin x) 2  4  4sin 2 x  4  12sin x  9sin 2 x
12
4  4sin 2 x  4  12sin x  9sin 2 x  0   13sin 2 x  12  0  sin x(13sin x  12)  0  sin x  0,sin x   x1  0 , x2  67.38
13
10.14 3sin x  5cos x  5  0  3( 1  cos 2 x )  5cos x  5  0  ( 3 1  cos 2 x ) 2  ( 5cos x  5)2  9  9 cos 2 x  25cos 2 x  50 cos x  25
8
34 cos 2 x  50 cos x  16  0  cos x   , cos x  1  x1  118.1 , x2  180
17
10.15 1  sin x  2 cos x 1  sin x  2 1  sin 2 x  (1  sin x) 2  (2 1  sin 2 x ) 2  1  2sin x  sin 2 x  4  4sin 2 x  5sin 2 x  2sin x  3  0
3 3
sin x  3 , sin x   x  sin 1 ( )  36.87
5 5
10.16 3sin x  4 cos x  2  3( 1  cos 2 x )  2  4 cos x  (3 1  cos 2 x ) 2  (2  4 cos x ) 2  9  9 cos 2 x  4  16 cos x  cos 2 x
10 cos 2 x  16 cos x  5  0  cos x  1.86 , cos x  0.267  x  105.48
 3   
10.17 sin 2 x   sin 2 x  sin  2 x   x
2 3 3 6
  
10.18 tan 3 x  1  tan 3 x  tan  3x   x
4 3 9
3  x  2
10.19 cos( x 2 )   cos( x 2 )  cos    3 x  2  x 
2 3 2 3 3
1  x 
10.20 cot( x 3 )    cot( x 3 )  cot      x  
3 3 3 3
1 1   
10.21 sin x cos x   (2) sin x cos x  (2)  2sin x cos x  1  sin 2 x  1  sin 2 x  sin  2 x   x 
2 2 2 2 4
x x x x x x x x x x 
10.22 sin( x 2 )  cos x  1  sin  1  sin  1  sin  sin  0  sin (1  sin )  0  sin  0 ,sin  1   0 ,   x1  0 , x2  2
2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

Q 11
1
11.1 B  65 10 /  65  (10 / )  65.16 A  54 a  125
60/
A  B  C  180  54  65.16  C  180  C  180  119.16  60.84
sin A sin B

a b
sin 54 sin 65.16 125  sin 65.16
 b   140.2
125 b sin 54
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos C
c 2  1252  1402  2  125  140.2  cos 60.84  18203
c  134.9

1 1
11.2 A  75 20/  65  (10/ /
)  65.16 C  38 30/  38  (30/ / )  38.5 b  321
60 60
A  B  C  180  65.16  B  38.5  180  B  180  103.66  76.34
sin A sin B

a b
sin 65.16 sin 76.34 321 sin 65.16
 a   299.8
a 321 sin 76.34
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos C
c 2  299.82  3212  2  299.8  321 cos 38.5  42291.2
c  205.6

1
11.3 B  42 40/  42  (40/ )  42.66 b  215 c  150
60/
sin C sin B

c b
sin C sin 42.66 150  sin 42.66
  sin C   0.473  C  sin 1 (0.473)  28.23
150 215 215
A  B  C  180  A  42.66  28.23  180  A  180  70.89  109.11
a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A
a 2  2152  1502  2  215 150  cos109.11  89841.2  a  299.7
 1
11.4 B  48 50 /  48  (50 / )  48.83 b  426 a  512
60 /
sin A sin B

a b
sin A sin 48.83 512  sin 48.83
  sin C   0.9047  C  sin 1 (0.9047)  64.786
512 426 426
A  B  C  180  A  48.83  64.786  180  A  180  113.616  66.384
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos C
c 2  5122  4262  2  512  426  cos 64.78  257747.08
c  507.68

11.5 a  24.5 b  18.6 c  26.4

a 2  b2  c2
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos C  cos C 
2ab
a b c
2 2 2
24.5  18.6  26.42 249.25
2 2
cos C     0.273
2ab 2  24.5 18.6 911.4
C  cos 1 (0.273)  74.13
sin A sin 74.13 24.5  sin 74.13
  sin A   0.893
24.5 26.4 26.4
A  sin 1 (0.893)  63.25
A  B  C  180  63.25  B  74.13  180  B  180  137.38  42.62

11.6 a  6.34 b  7.3 c  9.98

a 2  b2  c2
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos C  cos C 
2ab
a b c
2 2 2
6.34  7.3  9.982 6.12
2 2
cos C     0.066
2ab 2  6.34  7.3 92.56
C  cos 1 (0.066)  93.8
sin A sin 93.8 6.34  sin 93.8
  sin A   0.634
6.34 9.98 9.98
A  sin 1 (0.634)  39.35
A  B  C  180  39.35  B  93.8  180  B  180  133.15  46.85

1
11.7 b  40.2 a  31.5 B  112 20 /  112 (20 / )  112.33
60 /

sin A sin B

a b
sin A sin112.33 31.5  sin112.33
  sin C   0.725  C  sin 1 (0.725)  46.47
31.5 40.2 40.2
A  B  C  180  A  112.33  46.47  180  A  180  158.8  21.2
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos C
c 2  31.22  40.22  2  31.2  40.2  cos 46.47  861.8
c  29.36