HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 1

Section 6 Important Products from Petroleum

Marking Schemes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1987 Q.2(a) 10 marks

(i) (1) It could be all of the three compounds / A, B and C. 1

They all contain the -OH functional group. 1

(2) It could be B or C. 1
B or C contain the alcohol functional group, which can be oxidized by the
dichromate / reduce the dichromate to Cr3+. 1

(3) It could be B only. 1

Because only B contains the C=C double bond / it can undergo addition reaction
with Br2. 1
[Note: Accept other valid explanations and conclusions.]

(ii) X is B. 1

(iii) Addition reaction 1

CH2=CH-CH2-OH + Br2 → CH2Br-CHBr-CH2OH /

H H H H
H C C CH2OH + Br2 H C C CH2OH
Br Br
1

(iv) The sodium has to be cut into small pieces and carefully added into the liquid. / No
naked flame. / The sodium metal should be handled with forceps. / Wear safety
goggles, etc. 1
[Do not accept: fume cupboard]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1987 Q.4(a) 11 marks

(i) CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + NaOH → CH3COONa + CH3CH2CH2OH /

(ii) X: sodium ethanoate 1

Y: propan-1-ol 1

(iii) 2
[Note: zero mark for a closed system]
(iv) X is an ionic compound / with a much higher boiling point / a solid.
OR Y is a covalent compound / with a lower boiling point / a liquid. 1
 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 2

(v) Hydrolysis can go to completion (is irreversible) in alkaline medium 1

while acidic hydrolysis gives an equilibrium mixture / is incomplete. 1

(vi) Soap is manufactured by the alkaline hydrolysis / saponification of oils and fats, 1
followed by a ‘salting out’ process / addition of brine / saturated sodium chloride
solution. 1

1
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1987 Q.5(b) 7/8 marks

O O
H2N C NH2 and H C H
(i) 1 or 0

Simple repeating unit:

O
CH2 N C N
H H
1

H H
C C
H Cl
(ii) 1
H H H H
n C C C C
H Cl H Cl n
1

(iii) The polymer in (i), 1

because it is more heat resistant / stable to heat / it is a thermosetting plastic. 1

(iv) The polymer from (ii). 1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1988 Q.4(a) 10 marks

CH3 H

n CH3CH CH2 C C
n
(i) H H 1
 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 3

(ii) (1) 2
(1 mark for heating polypropene
1 mark for collecting the gaseous monomer)

(2) fire hazard / toxic fumes / sucking back 1

Providing fire fighting equipment. / Carrying out the experiment in the fume
cupboard. / Disconnect the delivery tube before removal of heat source. 1
[Note: The hazard and the precaution should be compatible.]

CH3 H H H

C C C C

(iii) (1) H H H H
OR: Let P = propene, E = ethene: -P-P-E-, -P-E-E-, etc. 1

(2) Thermoplastic 1
Cross-linkage is not likely to occur in the new polymer. 1
[Also accept: It is an addition polymer. / Both PE and PP are thermoplastic.]

(3) Heat the used polymer to melt and remould / mould. 1+1
OR: Heat it to give the monomer and repolymerize / polymerize. (1+1)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1989 Q.1(b) 7 marks

(i) (1) D 1
Because it is soluble in water and can burn to give CO2 and H2O. 1

(2) B 1
Because it is insoluble in water and can burn to give CO2 and H2O. 1

(ii) C 1
Shake with aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and CO2 is liberated. 1
RCOOH + HCO3- → RCOO- + CO2 + H2O / HCO3- + H+ → CO2 + H2O 1

(Accept other possible tests for carboxylic acid, observation and equation:
e.g. Add magnesium ribbon: H2 is liberated (1)
Mg + 2H+ → Mg2+ + H2 (1)

Litmus / indicator: appropriate colour change (1)

H+ + In- (blue litmus) → HIn (red litmus) (1)

Heat / reflux with an alcohol: fruity smell (1)

+
RCOOH + ROH → RCOOR + H2O
H (1)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

6. (i) The level will rise 1

because carbon dioxide is produced during this process / pressure would build up
in the conical flask. 1

(ii) (1) C6H12O6 → 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH 1

 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 4

(2) fermentation / anaerobic respiration 1

Yeast acts as a catalyst / produces enzyme / zymase. 1

(iii) (1) Fermentation / anaerobic respiration cannot proceed when the concentration
of ethanol has reached a certain limit as yeast would be destroyed / killed / inhibited by the
ethanol. 1

(2) by distillation / fractional distillation 1

[Do not accept: heating]

(3) burning the vapour 1

burns with a blue flame 1

[N.B. Other valid chemical tests are also acceptable:

e.g. Warm with acidified dichromate: (1)
colour changes from orange to green / smell of vinegar (1)
OR: Heat / reflux with an alkanoic acid: (1)
fruity smell] (1)

[Do not accept: PCl3, PCl5, Na, etc. as test for the presence of alcohol]

(iv) (1) Because these countries produce large quantities of sugar cane / agricultural
products that can be hydrolyzed to sucrose which can then be fermented to give ethanol. /
Ethanol can be produced very economically. 1

(2) Less pollution problems, because ethanol contains less impurities than petrol
and would not produce SO2, etc. upon combustion / lead / ethanol burns more completely
than petrol. 2 or 0

12

7. (i)



 1

(ii) Relative molar mass of 1 repeating unit

= (12 × 2 + 1 × 3 +35.5)
= 62.5 1

no. of repeating units

40000
= = 640 1
62.5

(iii) Heat the pipe until it becomes softened / soft, then bend it to the desired
curvature. 1

[Do not accept: it becomes molten]

This is possible because PVC is thermoplastic. 1

(iv) (1) HCl (hydrogen chloride) / soot / CO (carbon monoxide) / Cl2 (chlorine) 2
(Any TWO)
 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 5

(2) To minimize Cl2 / HCl: bubbling / dissolving in water / to dissolve

HCl / Cl2 2

To minimize soot:electrostatic precipitators to precipitate the soot / filter

system / blasting air to burn the soot / to filter off the soot particles 2

To minimize CO: blasting more air to the incinerator, to convert the CO to

CO2 (2)

(Any TWO)

[Do not accept: H2 / hydrocarbon as possible pollutants]


11

8. (i) propanoic acid 1

CO32- + 2H+ → CO2 + H2O 1

(ii) CH3CH2CH2OH + CH3CH2COOH ≡ CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O 2

OR: CH3CH2CH2OH + C2H5COOH → C2H5COOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O (1)

function of conc. sulphuric acid: catalyst / speed up the reaction 1

(iii)

OR:

test-tube in horizontal position / slanting with mouth downward 1

correct method of gas collection (over water / into a syringe) 1
correct position of propan-1-ol, porcelain and heat (labels not required, but
alcohol and porcelain should be recognizable) 1

(Open system: award 0 mark)

(iv) (1) polypropene 1

 1

(2) plastic bag / bottles / bowls / buckets / cups / toys / trays / drinking straws /
pipes / sheets, etc. 1

 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 6

11

9. (i) A weak acid is partially (slightly) ionized in solution 1

to produce hydrogen ions. 1

OR: CnH2n+1COOH ≡ CnH2n+1COO- + H+ (2)

OR: CnH2n+1COOH → CnH2n+1COO- + H+ (1)

(ii) A few drops of phenolphthalein 1

changes from colourless to pink. 1

OR: By thermometric titration method:

- plot a graph of temperature rise vs volume of titre (1)
- extrapolate the curves until they intersect (to determine the volume of
titre at the end-point) (1)

OR: Also accept other instrumental methods such as by pH meter or by

conductivity method. (2)

(iii) (1) No. of moles of NaOH used for reaction

= 0.18 × 22.40 / 1000
= 0.004032 (0.004 or 0.00403) 1

(2) No. of moles of the organic acid in 0.355 g

= no. of moles of NaOH used 1

OR: CnH2n+1COOH + NaOH → CnH2n+1COONa + H2O (1)

H+ + OH- → H2O (1)

Hence, relative molecular mass of the organic acid

= 0.355 / 0.004032 1
= 88.05 (88.00 to 89.00) 1

[Deduce 1 mark if unit (g) is given.]

(iv) 12n + 2n + 1 + 12 + 16 × 2 + 1 = 88.05 1

n =3

∴ Molecular formula is C3H7COOH. 1


10

10. (i) (1) alkaline hydrolysis / saponification 1

CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaOH → CH3COONa + CH3CH2OH 1

CH3COOC2H5 + OH- → CH3COO- + C2H5OH (1)

(2) Only one layer is observed / a homogeneous solution is formed / fruity smell
not detected / two layers become miscible. 1

(3) to make soap / soapy detergents / saponification 1

(ii) ‘Cold finger’ is to prevent the loss of volatile reagents / products involved in the
reaction. 1
 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 7

OR: to condense the reactants / products (as a condenser) (1)

(iii) ethyl ethanoate / ethanol / reactants / products may catch fire from the direct
flame (or flammable) 1

OR: spurting out of chemicals during heating (1)

[Do not accept: NaOH is corrosive]

(iv) (1) some reactants (or products) vaporized 1

OR: The ‘cold finger’ is an ineffective / poor condensing. (1)

(2)

2
Deduct 1 mark for the following mistakes:
- no heating
- flow of water in wrong direction / not indicated
 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 8

Deduct 2 marks for the following mistakes:

- closed system
- air condenser used
- joint between condenser and flask is not air-tight
- use distillation setup with a slanting condenser

9

11. (i)

 

 
1

(ii) as a catalyst 1

(iii) saponification [Do not accept alkaline hydrolysis.] 1

(iv) RCOO-Na+ or RCOONa 1

OR:

 (1)

Do not accept:

 

(v) The hydrocarbon group / covalent end of Y dissolves in peanut oil (is
hydrophobic). 1

The carboxylate / ionic end dissolves in water (is hydrophilic). 1

After stirring, the oil splits into droplets, due to repulsion of negative charges /
carboxylate ions , 1
the droplets cannot coalesce / stick together and a milky solution is formed. 1

(vi) emulsification / emulsifying action 1

[Do not accept: emulsify, emulsion]

soap / detergent (cleaning) / removing grease or oil / emulsifier / salad dressing /

mustard / cold cream 1

10

12. (i) It softens / melts by heat. / It burns quite easily. 1

(ii) polystyrene / poly(phenylethene) / polyphenylethene 1

making the plastic a better insulator of heat 1

(iii) polythene / polyethene / poly(ethene) 1

 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 9

  

1

5
13. (i) Add some water, add yeast / zymase 2
(OR: yeast solution) (2)
and then store the mixture at room temperature inside a container for a few days
(some time). 1

[Accept diagram with labels / brief explanation.]

(ii) fractional distillation 1

[Accept diagram of setup that is safe and by which product can be obtained.]

(iii) oxidation by oxygen in air to ethanoic acid 2

[Do not accept alkanoic acid / acid / H+.]

(iv) Health hazard: brain (nervous system) damage / amnesia (loss of memory) /
depression / liver damage (liver cancer / cirrhosis) / tremor (shaking of hands) 1

[Do not accept: drunk, harmful, dizziness, loss of control, cancer, alcoholism or
addiction]

[Do not accept “affect” as an alternative to “damage”.]

Social problem: dangerous driving / violence / absenteeism 1

[Do not accept: loss of control, irrational / unreasonable behaviour or addiction]


8

14. (1)

 1

(2) polypropene / polystyrene / polyphenylethene, etc 1

(3) Case A: The polymer melts / softens inside the test-tube 1

because polymer X is a thermoplastic. 1

OR: The polymer fumes (1)

because the polymer breaks down / decomposes / depolymerizes
when heated in a limited supply of air. (1)

Case B: The polymer melts and burns / chars / flames 1

because there is enough supply of oxygen for the polymer to burn / char.
1

6
 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 10

15. (i) (1)

 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 11

Diagram showing a suspended oil droplet. 2

showing less than 3 detergent particles dissolved in the oil droplet (-1)
oil drop not suspended (-1)
wrong labelling of oil / water 0
no negative charge indicated on detergent particles 0

(2) The hydrophobic end / hydrocarbon tail of detergent dissolves in oil and the
hydrophilic end / anionic part dissolves in water. 1
Agitation breaks the oil into small droplets, the repulsion of like charges
disperses the oil droplets formed. 1

(ii) No, because the oppositely charged ions attract / stick / combine together /
coagulate, 1
thus reduces the net amount of active species present in the solution / weakens
the cleaning effect. 1

[Do not accept react together.]

OR: Yes, because either kind of detergents can form micelles with oil
independently / work independently / (1)
each kind of detergent work on a particular kind of dirt, therefore will
enhance / not affect the cleaning action. (1)

6

16. (a) electric switch 1

The plastic used should be heat resistant / should not soften / melt at high
temperature. 1

(b) poly(ethene) or polythene / poly(propene) / poly(chloroethene) or polyvinyl

chloride / nylon 1

[Do not accept: polystyrene / perspex / short form, e.g. PE, PP, PVC, etc.]

(c) compression moulding 1

(d) (i) condensation polymerization 1

(ii)

      
1

6

17. (i) Correct diagram for reflux (see below): 3

 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 12

deduct 1 mark for no indication of heat

deduct 1 mark for open / closed system
deduct 1 mark for incorrect labelling the direction of water flow
 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 13

(ii) (1) It acts as a catalyst. 1

[Do not accept: conc. H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent.]

(2) To increase the rate of esterification / reaction. 1

Heating under reflux prevents loss of ethanol / ester / volatile reactant /
product. 1

(iii) An oily liquid floats on top of the salt solution / two layers of liquid can be seen. /
Peanut (fruity) smell can be detected. 1

7

18. (i) ethene / CH2=CH2 / C2H4 1

catalytic hydration 1

(ii) CH2=CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br 1

(iii) (1) ethanoic acid 1

(2)

3
(If more than 1 diagram is drawn, only the first diagram will be marked.)

deduct 1 mark for wrong reagents / incomplete indication of reagents

deduct 1 mark for closed / open system
deduct 1 mark for wrong / no indication of direction of water flow
deduct 1 mark for no indication of heat

(maximum mark deducted = 3)

(iv) Pass the breath into acidified potassium dichromate solution. 1

The colour of the solution will change from orange to green. 1

9

19. (i) Heat vegetable oil with sodium hydroxide solution. 2

Add concentrated NaCl solution / salt solution / brine / salt out the soap. 1
Separate (filter) the soap from the solution. 1

(ii) Formula mass of the soap

= 12 (n+1) + (2n+1) + 2 × 16 + 23
= 14n + 68 1
 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 14

300 < 14n + 68 < 310

16.6 < n < 17.3
∴ n = 17 1

(iii) (1) petroleum (fraction) 1

sulphuric acid / oleum 1

[Do not accept dilute sulphuric acid.]

 HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 15

(2) Advantage: The soapless detergent can be used in hard water / acidic
solution. 1

[Do not accept: can be used in sea water]

Disadvantage: The soapless detergent is non-biodegradable / may cause

water pollution / may cause skin allergies. 1

10

20. (i) fractional distillation of crude oil 1

(ii) (1)


 1

(2) (catalytic) cracking of heavy oil1

separation / fractional distillation of the mixture to obtain propene 1

(iii) Monomer A (propene) is polymerized to give polypropene. 1

Polypropene is moulded / blow-moulded / injection moulded to give the
polypropene bottle. 1

(iv) Polypropene cannot be easily degraded by micro-organisms / the degradation of

PP takes a long time / PP is non-biodegradable. 1

OR: The incineration / burning of PP waste may produce toxic gases / air
pollution. (1)

(v) (1) separating PP from other plastic wastes / cleaning the PP wastes 1

(2) urea-methanal 1

[Accept correct name of any thermosetting plastics, e.g. phenol-methanal,

bakelite]

9