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Unusual Modal Verbs (Solution)

From Heidi by Johanna Spyri


Remember that the explanations as marked are considered acceptable at KISS Level One. In later levels, students will be given other options, as suggested in the notes.

Key: Subjects are underlined; finite verbs are bold; complements are between [square brackets]; prepositional phrases are between {curly brackets}; types of complement are indicated: (PN) Predicate Noun; (PA) Predicate Adjective; (DO) Direct Object; (IO) Indirect Object. 1. Heidi kept on asking {in her excitement}. [#1] | 2. The old acquaintances immediately started gossiping {about their friends} {in the neighborhood}. [#2] | 3. Wouldn't you like to hear [something] (DO) {about it}? [#3] | 4. *You* Stop trembling. [#4] | 5. The footpath begins to go steeply and abruptly {up the Alps}. [#5] | 6. And now you want to hand over the [child] (DO) {to this terrible old man}. [#6] | 7. Grandmother would love to see you (DO). [#7] | 8. I hate to rob her (DO) {of this pleasure}. [#8] | 9. A small, white goat, called Snowhopper [#9] , kept up bleating {in the most piteous way}. [#10] |

10. Clara must try to stand longer this evening {for me}. [#11] |
Notes 1. Some grammar books list kept and/or kept on among helping verbs. Alternatively, asking can be explained as a verbal (gerund) that functions as the direct object of kept. On may be considered part of the finite verb phrase or as an adverb. For more on this see KISS Level 2.1.5 Phrasal Verbs (Preposition? Or Part of the Verb?). 2. Gossiping can be explained as a gerund that functions as the direct object of started. 3. To hear can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of would like. This explanation would make something the direct object of the infinitive. 4. Trembling can be explained as a gerund that functions as the direct object of Stop. 5. To go can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of begins.

6. To hand over means to give, so the over can be considered as part of this infinitive, or it can be explained as an adverb. See KISS Level 2.1.5 - Phrasal Verbs (Preposition? Or Part of the Verb?). The infinitive phrase would be the direct object of want, and child becomes the direct object of the infinitive. 7. To see can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of would love. You becomes the direct object of the infinitive. 8. To rob can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of hate. Her becomes the direct object of the infinitive. 9. Snowhopper is a retained predicate adjective after the passive gerundive called. The gerundive phrase modifies goat. See KISS Level 5.7 - Passive Voice and Retained Complements. 10. See Note 1. 11. To stand can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of must try.

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