Académique Documents
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E. The United States, Great Britain, France, Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, and New
Zealand formed the __________________ ______________ _____________
___________________ (SEATO) to stop the Soviet expansion in the East. Turkey, Iraq, Iran,
Pakistan, Great Britain, and the United States formed the _________________
________________ ______________ (CENTO) to stop Soviet expansion to the south.
F. In 1957, the Soviets sent ________________ _, the first man-made space satellite, to orbit
the earth. Americans feared there was a missile gap between the Soviet Union and the United
States.
G. In August 1961, on the order of Soviet leader _______________ ___________________,
the East German government began to build a wall between West Berlin and East Berlin in order to
stop the flow of East Germans escaping into West Berlin.
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Western Europe: Recovery (pages 860–862)
A. The Marshall Plan helped the countries of Western Europe recover relatively rapidly from the
devastation of World War II. The 1950s and 1960s were periods of dramatic economic growth and
prosperity in Western Europe.
B. For almost 25 years after World War II, France was mostly led by _________________
____ _______________. He established the Fourth Republic, which featured a strong
parliament and a weak presidency. But the government was largely ineffective, and de Gaulle
withdrew from politics. He returned in 1958 and established the Fifth Republic, which featured a
strong presidency. De Gaulle became the first president of the Fifth Republic. France became a
major industrial producer and exporter. Government deficits and a rise in the cost of living led to
unrest. De Gaulle resigned from office in 1969.
C. From 1949 to 1963, ________________ ________________, leader of the Christian
Democratic Union, served as chancellor of West Germany. Under Adenauer’s leadership and that
of the minister of finance, ___________________ ______________, West Germany’s economy
was revived. The unemployment rate fell greatly. Erhard became chancellor from 1963 to 1969.
The ________________ _________________ ________________, led by Willy Brandt,
became West Germany’s leading political party in 1969.
D. At the end of World War II, Great Britain had large ____________ problems. The Labour
Party, which promised far-reaching reforms, defeated Churchill’s Conservative Party. Prime
Minister Clement Attlee and the Labour Party created a modern welfare state—a state in which
the government takes responsibility for providing citizens with services and a minimal standard of
living. The British welfare state became the norm for most European states after the war.
E. The cost of building a welfare state caused Great Britain to dismantle the British Empire. Many
British _______________ gained their independence.
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The United States in the 1960s (pages 864–865)
A. President John F. Kennedy, the youngest elected president of the United States, was
____________________ in 1963. Vice President Lyndon Johnson became president and was
elected in a landslide victory to another term in 1964.
B. President Johnson’s ____________ ______________ programs included health care for the
elderly, measures to fight poverty, and aid to education.
C. The U.S. _______________ ______________ movement began in 1954 with the Supreme
Court ruling that made racial segregation in public schools illegal.
D. In 1963 the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., a leader of the civil rights movement, led a
march on Washington, D.C., for equality. He advocated the use of passive disobedience in gaining
racial equality.
E. President Johnson worked for civil rights. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act helped end
___________________ and ____________________ in the workplace and in public places. The
Voting Rights Act of 1965 made it easier for African Americans to vote in southern states.
F. In 1965, race riots began in the ___________ district of Los Angeles. In 1968, after the
assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., race riots broke out in over a hundred cities in the United
States.
G. The race riots caused a “____________ ________________” and racial division in the U.S.
continued.
H. As the Vietnam War continued through the second half of the 1960s, antiwar protests
throughout the United States grew.
I. Republican Richard M. Nixon was elected president based on his ”law and order” campaign in
1968.
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F. By the end of the 1950s, birthrates declined. Married women entered the workforce. Women
earned much less than men did for equal work. Many women worked and raised families at the same
time.
G. By the late 1960s, women renewed their interest in the women’s liberation movement. The
Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir influenced both the American and European women’s
movements.
H. Growing discontent in European and U.S. universities led students to revolt in the late 1960s. In
the 1970s and 1980s, student rebels became middle-class professionals.