Chapter 6 Shearing Stresses in

Beams Beams
Referenced from
Engineering Mechanics of Solids
E P P & T d A B l Egor P. Popov & Toader A. Balan,
Prentice Hall
Worked examples from Beer & Johnston
f l d l t are useful and relevant
1
Bending moment normal stress
Introduction
Bending moment normal stress
Change in bending moment (dM/dx =0)
h i t shearing stress
From Ch 5,
dM/dx = V (6.1)
A B C D
2
To derive t eqn
Consider a beam
formed with several
planks fastened at
intervals by bolts .
Fig 6 1
y
Isolated element:
Normal o due to
Fig 6.1
Normal o due to
bending moment at
sections A & B are sections A & B are
M
A
y/I and M
B
y/I.
3
Isolate top plank: For equilibrium, longitudinal force
R at y
1
= net force on x-sect of top plank.
Fi 6 1 Fig 6.1
4
At section B,
M y M M Q
(6.1)
( ) ( )
B B B
B
A fghj A fghj
M y M M Q
F dA ydA
I I I
= = =
} }
where
( ) ( ) fg j fg j
f hi
Q ydA A y = =
}
( )
fghi
A fghi
Q ydA A y
}
Q i 1 t t f Q is 1st moment of
A
fghi
about neutral axis
g
(NA). is distance
from NA to centroid of
y
A
fghi
.
5
Similarly, at section A,
M M Q
( )
A A
A
A abde
M M Q
F ydA
I I
= =
}
(6.2)

If M
A
= M
B
, then |F
A
| = |F
B
| or no longitudinal force
b lt i R 0
( ) A abde
on bolt, ie, R = 0.
If M
A
= M
B
, then | F
A
| = | F
B
| net longitudinal
force R on bolt. Eg, if M
B
> M
A
, then |F
B
| >|F
A
|.
|F
B
| |F
A
| = R tends |F
B
| |F
A
| R tends
to shear bolt in
horizontal plane edfg. horizontal plane edfg.
6
For M
A
= M
B
: From eqs (6.1) & (6.2),
I Q dM
I Q M I Q dM M F F dF R
A A A B
/ ) (
/ ) ( / ) (
=
+ = = =
M
Differentiate wrt x & substitute eq (6.1) dM/dx = V:
I Q dM / ) ( =
M
B
(6.3)
I VQ I Q dx dM dx dF q / ) / )( / ( / = = =
where q is shear flow (force per unit length), I is 2nd
moment of area of entire x-sect about NA & V is total
shear force at section investigated, Q is 1st moment
of area of interest.
Note: No M in eq (6.3)
7
E l f Examples of
finding Q
y A Q =
Cut of interest
on cross section
8
Q f i i l b NA
First moment of area for circular section
NA
Q of semi-circular area above NA:
4
= is area ar semicircul of Centroid
r
y
t 3
is area ar semicircul of Centroid y
S lid ti
Given in exam
2 4
3 2
r r r
y A Q
__
NA
= = =
t
NA
y
Solid section:
3 3 2
y A Q
NA
t
semi-circular area
( )
2
Hollow section:
NA
( )
3
i
3
o
3
2
r r Q
NA
=
NA
half-annular area
9
Shear Stress Formula for Beams
Fig 6.2a: Short isolated beam length dx. Fig 6.2b: g g g
Isolated element from Fig 6.2a. Fig 6.2c: Cross-sect.
V
10
Fig 6.2
For sect of interest, longitudinal
shear stress & shear stress in
plane of vertical sect at the
imaginary cut of interest is
fghj
VA y
q VQ
t It It
t = = =
(6.4)
t It It
where t is the width of imaginary cut of interest.
Note:NA is always perpendicular to V.
11
12
Example: Derive expression of t distribution in a
solid rect beam with shear force V
VQ
= t
solid rect beam with shear force V.
V
It
xy
= t
IzZ = b(2c)
3
/12 = 2bc
3
/3
Cut of interest
IzZ b(2c) /12 2bc /3
) ( ' y c b A =
2 / ) (
2
y c
y c
c y + =

=
( )
|
|

|
2 2
3 b V
2 / ) )( ( ' y c y c b y A Q + = =
( )
|
.
|

\
|
=
2 2
3
2
) ( 2
3
y c
b
b bc
V
xy
t
13
( ) ) / 1 ( 5 . 1
3
2 2 2 2
3
c y
V
y c
b V
xy
=
|
.
|

\
|
= t ( ) ) (
2
) ( 2
3
y
A
y
b bc
xy
|
.

\
t occurs when y = 0 ie at NA
) 2 ( where / 5 . 1
max
c b A A V = = t
t
max
occurs when y = 0, ie, at NA.
+ c
y y
A
t
ave
= V/A
At top & bottom
edge t = 0
h c
2
1
=
y
edge, t = 0.
Non linear!
max
t
z
t
2
y
y
Non-linear!
Compare with t
c
h c
2
1
=
Compare with t
ave
14
- c
b
Example p
Find t at levels
indicated. Neglect indicated. Neglect
wt of beam.
S l Soln:
3 3
4
6*12 5.5*11
254 I in = =254
12 12
I in = =
Constant V of 50k Constant V of 50k.
15
Level
Afghj
b
y

fghj
Q A y =

q=VQ/I
t t
1-1 0 6 0 0 6.0 0
2-2 0.5x6=3.00 5.75 17.25 3400 6.0
0 5
570
6800 0.5 6800
3-3
0.5 6 3.00
0.5 0.5 0.25
=

5.75
5.25
17.25
18.56
1.31

`
)
3650 0.5 7300
0.5 0.5 0.25

.3
)
4-4
0.5 6 3.00
0 5 5 5 2 75
=

5.75
2.75
17.25
24.81
7 56

`
)
4890 0.5 9780
0.5 5.5 2.75 =

7.56
)


N
A
16
17
Example
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200
150 150
150
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