Scientists are exploring an area of modern science called nanotechnology, which involves __________.

( Biology and Society: Natural Nanotechnology) Your Answer: growth of a single cell on a tiny wafer Correct Answer: manipulation of materials at the molecular level No. The growth of a single cell would not be classified as nanotechnology.

2.

Which is the best definition of energy? ( Some Basic Energy Concepts) Your Answer: the bonding of two compounds when it is accompanied by the removal of one molecule of water Correct Answer: the capacity to do work No. This describes dehydration synthesis. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Try MP3 Tutor: Basic Energy Concepts.

3.

Which one of the following statements about energy is correct? ( Some Basic Energy Concepts) Your Answer: Chemical energy is a form of kinetic energy. Correct Answer: Energy cannot be created or

destroyed. No. Chemical energy is a form of potential energy. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Energy Transformations.

4.

Energy is observed in two basic forms: potential and kinetic. Which of the following is an example of potential energy? ( Some Basic Energy Concepts) Your Answer: a car rolling downhill Correct Answer: a bowling ball placed on the top shelf of a closet No. If the car is in motion, kinetic energy is involved. Please consider the following recommendations for help with this content: - Try MP3 Tutor: Basic Energy Concepts. - Check out Activity: Energy Transformations.

5.

Entropy means that __________. ( Some Basic Energy Concepts) Your Answer: the quantity of usable energy declines with each energy transformation Correct. In almost all situations, a significant percentage of the energy involved in a transformation is converted to heat.

6.

Molecules of food have a special form of potential energy called _____. ( Some Basic Energy Concepts) Your Answer: kinetic energy Correct Answer: chemical energy No. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Try MP3 Tutor: Basic Energy Concepts.

7.

Calories are units of _____. ( Some Basic Energy Concepts) Your Answer: entropy Correct Answer: energy No. Entropy is a measure of disorder.

8.

The molecule most directly involved in energy transfer within cells is _____. ( ATP and Cellular Work) Your Answer: O2 Correct Answer: ATP No. However, oxygen is required for aerobic (with oxygen) cellular respiration.

9.

Which are materials found in a molecule of ATP? ( ATP and Cellular Work) Your Answer: amino acids in

a precise sequence Correct Answer: an organic molecule called adenosine plus three phosphate groups No. This could be the definition of a protein, perhaps an enzyme. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: The Structure of ATP.

10.

ATP drives work in cells by __________ to other molecules. ( ATP and Cellular Work) Your Answer: blocking adenosine transfer Correct Answer: transferring phosphate No. Adenosine is not the component of ATP that is transferred among cells.

11.

Which is a true statement about the ATP cycle? ( ATP and Cellular Work) Your Answer: About 100 ATP molecules are regenerated per second per cell. Correct Answer: A single muscle cell only needs about one minute to recycle all of its ATP. No. The number is closer to 10

million molecules regenerated per second per cell.

12.

An enzyme is a protein that __________. ( Enzymes) Your Answer: elevates the activation energy of a reaction Correct Answer: changes the rate of a metabolic reaction without being consumed by the reaction No. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: How Enzymes Work.

13.

Activation energy can be described as __________. ( Enzymes) Your Answer: metabolism Correct Answer: energy needed to activate the reactants and trigger a chemical reaction No. Metabolism results from enzymes reducing the amount of activation energy needed to trigger a reaction. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: How Enzymes Work.

14.

Which choice describes the process scientists use to mimic a natural genetic process of cells? ( Enzymes) Your Answer: nanotechnology Correct Answer: directed evolution No. This is an application of modern science that captures some cellular function for use at the molecular level.

15.

What best explains the observation that an enzyme is selective in the reaction it catalyzes? ( Enzymes) Your Answer: Molecules and active sites vary in size; only properly sized molecules can fit. Correct Answer: There is a precise compatibility between an enzyme's active site and the substrate molecule. No. Although size provides a general constraint, the interactions need to be much more precise. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: How Enzymes Work.

16.

Many metabolic pathways are slowed by inhibiting an enzyme required for a particular product. What is this process called? (

Enzymes) Your Answer: directed evolution Correct Answer: feedback regulation No. This is a laboratory procedure to produce new enzymes with novel functions.

17.

A primary function of the cell membrane is to __________. ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: house genetic information Correct Answer: regulate the passage of materials into and out of the cell No. That is the function of the nucleus. Please consider the following recommendations for help with this content: - Try BioFlix: Membrane Transport - Check out Activity: Membrane Structure.

18.

The passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called _____. ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: endocytosis Correct Answer: diffusion No. In endocytosis, material enters the cell by encapsulation of the membrane. Please consider the following

recommendations for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Diffusion. - Review Activity: Facilitated Diffusion.

19.

An animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution will __________. ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: gain water by pinocytosis and lyse Correct Answer: lose water by osmosis and shrivel No. Pinocytosis is not the major means by which water crosses a plasma membrane. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells.

20.

In osmosis, water always moves toward the _____ solution, that is, toward the solution with the _____ solute concentration. ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: hypotonic ... greater Correct Answer: hypertonic ... greater No. In a hypotonic solution, the solute concentration has a lower solute concentration. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells.

21.

Which one of the following is an example of osmosis? ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: the distant sound of church bells ringing Correct Answer: the movement of a drink of water eventually into the cells lining the small intestine No. This is an example of kinetic energy. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells.

22.

Which term is used to describe an animal's ability to survive if the cells are exposed to a hypotonic or hypertonic environment? ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: passive transport Correct Answer: osmoregulation No. This is diffusion without expenditure of energy.

23.

Plant cells can better tolerate exposure to hypotonic solutions than can animal cells. Which one of the following helps to best explain why plant cells can better tolerate hypotonic solutions? ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: The veins in

plants drain away the extra water from the plant cells. Correct Answer: The rigid cell walls limit how far plant cells can expand and exert a back pressure to limit further water uptake. No. This would only address extra water around plant cells. The question is about extra water moving into plant cells. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells.

24.

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 0.1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium? ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: osmosis Correct Answer: active transport No. Osmosis is the passive transport of water across a membrane. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Active Transport.

25.

The use of energy to move molecules across a membrane defines _____. ( Membrane Function)

Your Answer: passive transport Correct Answer: active transport No. Passive transport does not require an input of energy. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Active Transport.

26.

Which one of the following terms is sometimes called "cell eating"? ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: phagocytosis Correct. In this process a cell engulfs a particle and packages it within a food vacuole.

27.

A cell may receive a stimulus from the outside environment or from a signaling molecule __________. ( Membrane Function) Your Answer: by receptormediated endocytosis Correct Answer: through a receptor protein in the plasma membrane No. This is a form of endocytosis that is specific for a particular stimulus. Please consider the following recommendation for help with this content: - Check out Activity: Cell Signaling.

28.

A characteristic of phospholipids that makes them a candidate for the first organic compounds on Earth to be related to life is their ability to __________. ( Evolution Connection: The Origin of Membranes) Your Answer: transduce signals Correct Answer: self-assemble into simple membranes No. This was a mechanism that developed later in evolutionary times.