Chrometel

Computer Training Institute.

No. 1 Hassan Dallatu Road by Church Road Junction, Suleja, Niger State. Tel: 07026070352, 08076844474 E-mail: chrometelcybercafe@yahoo.com

STUDENT HAND-OUT ON
THE FOLLOWING PACKAGES Introduction To Computer, Computer Desktop, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Publisher & Bonus..

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
1.

A computer is an electronic device which is under the control of store program that is capable of accepting data as an input process it an output to the user. Computer is an electronic device that accept, store, change data and give out its result.

2.

Result is an output of a particular data given out by the computer after processing. We have two types of result a. b. Soft copy Hard copy Soft copy: this is output still in the memory of the computer that has not been printed out Hard copy: this is the print out copy of the output of a particular document

What is Data? They are raw facts and figures that require processing in order to produce information. Examples of data include names of people, place and objects. NB- processing is the work we do on data to give information. FUNCTION OF A DATA A.

Processing functions of data include: Calculating

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Editing Sorting Retrieving Saving Transcribing Summarizing

B. processing stages of data include: Originating Preparation Input Process Output Storage Distribution or communication INFORMATION This is the processed data e.g management reports, Balance, Sheet record etc. QUALITIES OF GOOD INFORMATION It must be relevant It must be accurate It must be current It must be timely It must be easy to read and understand It must be cost effective HISTORY OF COMPUTER
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The old navigators and astronomers used calculator to solve mathematics This served as a computer after the introduction of a counting frame known as Abacus ABACUS The first computer was made several years ago by a man called Abacus. It was used for simple addition and subtraction, it is known as the Abacus counting machine. 2. BLAISE PASCAL A Frenchman called Blaise Pascal made the first adding machine in 1642 it was a very big machine. Blaise Pascals Father used this machine in recording taxes and spent by the government. 3. SIR SAMUEL MORLAND Sir Samuel Morland an Englishman invented three calculating machines between 1663 and 1666. The first one was used for addition and subtraction of money. The other two were used for difficult arithmetic. 4. CHARLES BABBAGE Charles Babbage another Englishman made the machine that calculates and stores information. His computer was better than an ordinary calculator it was a very big machine. Charles Babbages is therefore known as the father of computer. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER Computer are classified into four groups By type
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1.

o o

By purpose By generation

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER BY TYPE There are three types, Analogue, Digital and Hybrid Computer. ANALOGUE COMPUTER An Analogue computer is a computer that is used in measuring things that change from time to time e.g. Thermometer, Speedometers etc. DIGITAL COMPUTER A digital computer is a computer that is used for counting, e.g. Calculator computer used in officers and school etc. HYBRID COMPUTER The hybrid computer is used for counting and measurement e.g. Liquid disperser machine, rocket etc. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER BY SIZE There are four different size of computer they are: Micro computers Mini computers Main frame computers Super computers

1.

2.

3.

o o o o

MICRO COMPUTERS Micro computers are most widely used computers.

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FEATURES OF MICRO COMPUTER

Smallest in size Portable User friendly(can complain if there is any errors ) Adaptable to any weather condition User small scale integration (SSI)

CATEGORIES OF MICRO COMPUTER

Laptop Extended technology Advanced technology Desktop Note book Palm held computer MINI COMPUTER

A Mini computer is larger than micro computer. FEATURES OF MINI COMPUTER Smaller in size than mainframe Cheaper than mainframe Easier than mainframe Produces less heat Can access up to 500 terminals in network Requires less cooling than mainframe Uses medium scale integration (MSI)

MAINFRAME COMPUTER Mainframe computer are much bigger faster and more powerful than mini. A mainframe computer is made up of separate unit the. separate unit are combined together to form a network. FEATURES OF MAINFRAME COMPUTER
o o o o o o o o

Bigger in size than mini Posses large memory Produces a lot of heat Difficult to operate Uses different types of peripherals (printer) Can access many terminals/workstation on a network Uses large scale integration (LSI) Very expensive

SUPER COMPUTERS Super computers are the most powerful and expensive computers, they process billions of instructions in one second. They are also the largest types of computers; super computers are used in big organization like military, airports and other scientific organization. FEATURES OF SUPER COMPUTER They are very expensive They are largest in size They are faster than mainframe computer They are used in big organization like Airport. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER BY PURPOSE
i.

General purpose computers: these are used to solve a wide range of problems as Science, Education, and Business etc.

ii.

Special Purpose: these are designed to solve special problems. Eg Launching space programme Sending ballistics missiles Monitoring war situation Controlling robots etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER BY GENERATION Each new computer was better than the one before it. Each new type of computer was therefore known as a generation of computer. Generation of computers is the stages the computer has passed through before coming what we now have as computer. There are five stages of development or generation of the computer. Each stages of development is a generation of the computer. When computer were first made. They were large and costly. They gave out heat when used. They were also slow in making calculation and could only store very few items of information. They also needed much electricity before they could be used. This era is between 19451955 SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTER Soon, the large costly and slow computers were no longer used by many people new computer which were cheaper and smaller than the first ones. Had been made there were the second generation computers. This era was 1955-1964. These new computers store many items of information than the earlier computers. They also used less electricity. These second generation computers worked faster than the first generation computers. THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTER

These are computers that were produced using technology of 1979. in the third generation computers the electronic pathways were joined together as one. Inside the computer. This was called integrated circuit electricity therefore moved very fast through the computer. The third generation computers were cheaper, smaller and faster than the second generation computers. They also used less electricity and gave out less heat when used. Many people so began to use the third generation computers. FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER These types of computer we use today are the fourth generation of computers. The electric pathways are even more completely joined together inside the computer. They are therefore said to have large-scale integrated circuit the large-scale integrated circuits have made the fourth generation computers better than all the earlier ones. They are smaller, cheaper and store more items of information than the third generation computers. The fourth generation computers also use less electricity and are faster than the third generation computers. This era was between 1980-1989 the fourth generation computers have made computers to be well known all over the world. FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER The makers of computer are still working to make even better computer. These are the fifth generation of computer. The fifth generation of computers started in 1990 to date. COMPONENT OF COMPUTERS Monitor or visual display unit (VDU) Central processing unit (CPU) Keyboard Mouse Printer
9

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

vi.

Speaker etc.

THE COMPUTER SYSTEM This consist the Hardware and Human ware (computer personnel, the computer operator) HARDWARE The hardware refers to the physical part of a computer and the associates device. COMPONENT OF HARDWARE The hardware are classified into:
i. ii. iii. iv.

Input device Central processing unit Output devices Storage device

INPUT DEVICE These are hardware device that enable user to enter data and program into the following:Keyboard:- this is the standard input devices which may be standard or enhanced keyboard Mouse: - this is a hand held pointing device is in clicking option or making selection. Joystick: - also hand held pointing device used widely for computer games. Scanner: - used to scan images or import page of text into the computer memory for image or text editing. Light Pen:- this is used to write into the computer through the screen of the monitor.

1.

2.

3. 4.

5.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITS

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This can be called System Unit. It is often refers to as the brain of the computer. It controls all the activities of the computer. It consist of three main units. Memory Unit Arithmetic and logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit

i. ii. iii.

OUTPUT DEVICE These are hardware device use to product information from the computer. e.g.
1.

Visual Display Unit (VDU) another name of VDU is monitor or screen this is used to display information. The information produce is called softcopy Printer:- this is the common output devices in used today. The information produced is hardcopy. Speaker:- this produced sound information.

2.

3.

STORAGE DEVICES Storage devices are part of the computer system in which we store information. The two types of storage device are:1. 2.

Main memory storage device Backing storage devices Read only memory this store data and System software only Random Access memory (RAM) this stores data. Programming language and application soft ware

Examples of Main memory storage devices are:

SOFT WARE Software is computer programmes or instruction the computer user gives to the computer to perform a particular task.
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TYPE OF SOFT WARE These are three type of soft ware 1. System software 2. Programming Language 3. Application software SYSTEM SOFTWARE The system software controls the computer system. It also form the background for which the application programmes function. It can be divided into two:

Operating system Utilities

OPERATING SYSTEM An operating system is a set of programs that enable the computer to manage its own resource. Examples are. Micro soft Disk operating system {Ms-Dos} Personal computer Disk operating system {PC-DOS} Control programmes for micro-computer {CP/M} Digital research Disk operating system {DR-DOS} Novell lit is used in network environment where you have many computer connected together to share resources. UNIX {it is used in a multi-user environment where one big. Computer could be used by many people. UTILITIES Utilities are used for general work keeping like back up, sorting copying and printing data. Examples are:Dos shell, pc tools, worton utilities and Dr. solomons Antivirus

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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. These are computer language used for writing software and other programs. Examples are:FOTRN (formula translation) BASIC (Beginners All-purpose symbolic instruction code) COROL (common business oriented language) etc. APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application software are program that help the computer and uses to solve a problem or to perform a specific task or operation. Examples are:

Word processor:- used by typist, Authors etc. for writing letters, books, etc. eg. Microsoft word, word perfect note pad and word star Electronic spreadsheet:- this is used mostly accounting for calculation graphing etc. examples are Lotus 1,2,3, Microsoft excel Data Base Management:- these are programs used for the collation and organization of data examples are Microsoft Access, Data Base etc.

DESKTOP PUBLISHING This is software that enables you to combined text and graphics to produce type set document such as News Letter, Brochure, Pamphlets, Books and manuals examples are: Corel Draw, Page maker, Microsoft Publishers. WINDOWS AN OPERATING SYSTEM In most personal computer. The operating system is the windows. In this section, we shall learn how to use computer with window as operating system.

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STARTING THE COMPUTER Starting the computer system is also known as booting the computer system. There are types of booting. i. Cold Booting: - when the computer is switched on from the sockets and CPU is also switched on and then the monitor. We have the cold booting ii. Warm Booting: - this is refers to restart s computer system that is already in used. Warm booting is done by clicking the start button on the window screen. GENERAL MAINTENACE OF THE COMPUTER (PC) - Avoid direct contact with motive - Take away from the reach of children - Operate under instruction - Switch off the computer when ever power goes off - Switch off the computer properly - Use ups on computer always - Service the computer periodically INTRODUCTION TO WINDOW Window is an operating system by which action are performed by clicking. The following steps must be taken before any of the application softwares can be used they include:

On the windows desktop click the start button with the mouse A menu shows with several items Move to programs A sub-menu show listing all the packages in the computer system. For example if the application packages needed is Microsoft word click on the items- Microsoft word package show on the screen

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TO CLOSE WINDOW 1. Click Start button on window desktop 2. On the menu, Click shutdown and a dialogue box appears 3. On this box select shutdown the computer. 4. Then click ok or Yes WINDOW MAINTENANCE - Proper booting - Shutting down proper - Scanning of external devices - Usage of Antivirus - Environmental Sensitivity work only on formula environment - Operating under instruction (obey displayed message when error occurred) EXTERNAL DEVICES External devices are those devices that can be used externally. EXAMPLES OF EXTERNAL DEVICES Flash Disk or Derive It is a moveable storage device that is used to store information from the computer. And it is varies in size i.e. 128mb, 256mb, 512mb, 1gb, 2gb, 4gb, etc. Diskette It is a storage device that has a storage capacity of 1.44mb and it is 3 by 2 inches in size.
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Compact Disk This is the plate we use in watching films and it is also called CD Plate.

COMPUTER DESKTOP
What is a Desktop? When you start your computer, the first thing you see is the desktop. The desktop is your work area. Taskbar By default, the taskbar is located on the bottom edge of the desktop. You can click the taskbar and drag it to other locations. The Start button, active program buttons, icons for quick access to programs, and the current time are located on the taskbar. My Computer The My Computer icon provides access to the resources on your computer. You can access your drives and other peripherals by clicking on the My Computer icon. Internet Explorer The Internet Explorer icon launches the Internet Explorer browser. The Recycle Bin When you delete an object, Windows XP sends it to the Recycle Bin. You can restore objects that are located in the Recycle Bin or you can permanently delete them. Shortcut icon Icons with an arrow in the lower left corner are shortcut icons. Click the icon for quick access to the object they represent (program, document, printer, and so on). Program, folder, and document icons Program, folder, and document icons do not have an arrow in the lower left corner. They represent the actual object and provide direct access to the object.
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How do I shut down my computer? To shut down your computer;

1. 2. 3.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Click Turn Off Computer. The Turn Off Computer dialog box will appear. Click the Turn Off icon. Your computer will shut down.

How do I restart my computer? You may need to shut down and restart your computer after installing a new program or if your system becomes unstable. To shut down and immediately restart your computer:
1. 2.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Click Turn Off Computer. The Turn Off Computer dialog box will appear.

Click the Restart icon. Your computer will restart What is Standby mode? When your computer is in the Standby mode, your computer consumes less electricity, but is ready for immediate use. However, if the computer loses electrical power while in the standby mode, any information you have not saved will be lost. How do I put my computer in Standby mode? To put your computer in Standby mode:
1. 2. 3.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Click Turn Off Computer. The Turn Off Computer dialog box will appear. Click the Stand By icon.

How do I start a program? To start a program:

1. 2. 3.

4.

Click the Start button, located in the lower left corner of your screen. Highlight Programs. The Program menu will appear. Move to the Program menu and highlight the program you want to start. If you see a right pointer next to your selection, a submenu will appear. Refine your choice by highlighting the appropriate selection on the submenu. Continue until you get to the final submenu.` Click the program name to start the program.
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Note: A chevron at the bottom of the list of options means that there are additional options. To view the additional options, click the chevron. How do I add an item located on my desktop to the Start or to a Program menu? To add an item on the desktop to the Start or to a Program menu:
1. 2. 3. 4.

Click and drag the item on top of the Start button. Release the mouse button when the Start menu appears. The item will appear on the Start menu. If you would prefer to have the item on a Program menu or submenu of the Start menu, drag the item from the Start menu to the Program menu or submenu.

What is Windows Explorer? Windows Explorer is a place where you can view the drives on your computer and manipulate the folders and files. Using Windows Explorer, you can cut, copy, paste, rename, and delete folders and files. How do I Open Windows Explorer? To open Windows Explorer:
1. 2. 3. 4.

Click the Start button, located in the lower left corner of your screen. Highlight programs. Highlight Accessories. Click Windows Explorer.

Alternatively, you can open Windows Explorer by holding down the Windows key and typing e (Windows-e). How do I add an item located in Windows Explorer to the Start menu or to a Program menu? To add an item located in Windows Explorer to the Start menu or to a Program menu:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Taskbar and Start Menu. A dialog box will appear. Click the Start Menu tab. Click the Customize button. Click Add. Type the path to the item you want to add, or use Browse to navigate to the item.
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8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Click Next. Double-click an appropriate folder for the item. Click Finish. Click OK. Click OK again. The item will appear on the menu.

How do I remove an item from the Start menu or from a Program menu? To remove an item from the Start menu or from a Program menu:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Taskbar and Start Menu. A dialog box will appear. Click the Start Menu tab. Click Customize. Click the Remove button. Find and click the item you want to remove. Click the Remove button. You will be prompted. Click Yes. Click Close. Click OK. Click OK again.

How do I copy an item that is located on the Start menu or on a Program menu? To copy an item located on the Start menu or on a Program menu:
1. 2. 3.

Highlight the item. Right-click. A context menu will appear. Click Copy.

How do I rename an item on the Start menu or on a Program menu? To rename an item on the Start menu or on a Program menu:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Highlight the item. Right-click the item. Click Rename. The Rename dialog box will appear. Type the new name in the New Name field. Click OK.

How do I delete a file from the Start menu or from a Program menu? To delete a file from the Start menu or from a Program menu:
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1. 2. 3. 4.

Highlight the item. Right-click. Click Delete. You will be prompted. Click Yes.

How do I re-sort the Start or a Program menu? To resort a menu:

1. 2. 3.

Go to the menu. Right-click. Click Sort By Name.

Note: Some menus cannot be re-sorted. How do I quickly find files and folders? Windows XP enables you to quickly locate files and folders on your drives. The search option provides you with four search options: Pictures, music, or video; Documents; All files and folders; and Computers and people. To quickly find a file or folder:
1. 2. 3.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Search. Click Files or Folders. The Search Results dialog box will open.

4. 5.

Choose an option. Enter your search criteria. Use the table that follows to help you.

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Field Entry Type 6. Click search. The results of your search will appear in the right pane. All or part of the file (document) Enter the filename, the first few letters of What is name: the filename, or any the Most Computer name: letters found in the Recently filename. Use the * as Used a wild card. For Document example, to find all of list? the files that begin with r and end in the As you extension .doc, enter work, r*.doc. To find files Windows that begin with XP tracks resume and have any the last 15 extension, enter files you resume.*. used. It lists these files If you are looking for on the Most a file that has a Recently specific word or Used phrase in the Document filename, enter the list. To word or phrase in this view the field. Most Recently A word or phrase in the file: If you are looking for Used a file that has a Document specific word or list: phrase in the file, enter the word or phrase in this field. Look In: Select the drive or folder you want to search. Select from Modified, Created, or Last Accessed. Select Modified to find all files modified since the date criteria you enter, select Created to find all files created since the date criteria you enter, or select Last Accessed to find all files

Specify Dates:

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1. 2.

Click the Start button. Highlight Documents. The most recently used documents will display.

To open a file listed on the Most Recently Used Document list, click the file name. How do I clear my Most Recently Used Document list? To clear the Most Recently Used Document list:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. Click Taskbar and Start menu. A dialog box will appear. Click the Start Menu tab. Click Customize. Click Clear. Click OK. Click OK again.

Where are the games? Several games are included with Windows XP. To access the games: 1. Click the Start button, which is located in the lower left corner of the screen. The Start menu will appear. 2. Highlight Programs. A submenu will appear. 3. Highlight Games. Another submenu will appear. 4. Click the game you want to play. How do I change the date and/or time? To change the date and/or time:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Click the Start button, which is located in the lower left corner of the screen. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Control Panel. The Control Panel will open. Click Date/Time. The Date/Time Properties dialog box will appear. In the Date frame, select the month and year. In the Month field, click to open the drop-down menu and select the current month. Type the year in the Year field or use the arrows next to the field to move forward or backward until you get to the current year. The Time field is divided into four segments: hour, minutes, seconds, and AM and PM. To make an adjustment:
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Click in the segment and either type in the correct information or use the arrow keys on the right side to select the correct hour, minute, second or AM or PM.

Time Zone:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Click the Time Zone tab. Choose the correct time zone from the drop-down menu. If you want the clock to automatically adjust to daylight saving time, check the box on the screen. Click the Apply button. Click OK.

How do I install a new printer? To install a new printer:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Make sure your printer is plugged in, connected to your computer, turned on, and has paper in it. Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Faxes control panel will appear. Double-click on Add Printer. The Add Printer Wizard will open. Follow the onscreen instructions.

How do I cancel a print job? To cancel a print job:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Faxes control panel will appear. Double-click the printer to which you sent the print jobs. The Printer window will open. Click the job you want to stop. If you want to stop more than one job, hold down the Control key while you click the additional jobs. Click Document, which is located on the menu bar. Click Cancel.

How do I cancel every print job? To cancel every print job:

1. 2.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
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3. 4. 5. 6.

Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Faxes control panel will appear. Double-click the printer to which you sent the print jobs. The Printer window will open. Click Printer, which is located on the menu bar. Click Cancel All Documents.

How do I temporarily stop selected jobs from printing? To temporarily stop selected jobs from printing:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Faxes control panel will appear. Double-click the printer to which you sent the print job. The Printer window will open. Click the document you want to pause. If you want to pause more than one document, hold down the Control key as you select the additional documents. Click Document, which is located on the menu bar. Click Pause. A checkmark should appear next to Pause.

How do I restart print jobs I temporarily stopped? To restart a print job you temporarily stopped:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Faxes control panel will appear. Double-click the printer to which you sent the print job. The Printer window will open. Click the documents you paused. If more than one document has been paused, hold down the Ctrl key as you click the additional documents. Click Document, which is located on the menu bar. Click Pause. The checkmark next to Pause should disappear.

How do I temporarily stop all jobs from printing? To temporarily stop all jobs from printing:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Printers. The Printer control panel will appear. Double-click the printer to which you sent the print jobs. The Printer window will open. Click Printer, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear.
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6.

Click Pause Printing. A checkmark should appear next to Pause Printing.

I temporarily stopped all of the print jobs and now I want to restart them. How do I do that? To restart a print queue that has been stopped:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Printers and Faxes. The Printer control panel will appear. Double-click the printer to which you sent the print job. The Printer window will open. Click Printer, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear. Click Pause Printing. The checkmark next to Pause Printing should disappear.

What is a desktop shortcut? A desktop shortcut, usually represented by an icon, is a small file that points to a program, folder, document, or Internet location. Clicking on a shortcut icon takes you directly to the object to which the shortcut points. Shortcut icons contain a small arrow in their lower left corner. Shortcuts are merely pointers deleting a shortcut will not delete the item to which the shortcut points. How do I create a desktop shortcut? To create a shortcut to an item located on the Start menu:
1. 2. 3.

Click Start. The Start menu will appear. Locate the item to which you want to create a shortcut. If the item is located on a submenu, go to the submenu. Click and drag the item to your desktop.

To create a shortcut to items visible in Windows Explorer:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Open Windows Explorer. Minimize the Windows Explorer window. Locate in Windows Explorer the item to which you want to create a shortcut. Hold down the right mouse button and drag the item onto the desktop. Release the right mouse button. A context menu will appear. Click Create Shortcuts Here.

How do I turn a Web link into a desktop shortcut?

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To turn a Web link into a desktop shortcut, click the link in your browser window (usually underlined text) and drag it to the desktop. An icon will appear on your desktop. When you click the icon, your browser will open and you will go directly to the Web page. How does the desktop shortcut wizard work?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Right-click the desktop. The context menu will appear. Click New. A submenu will appear. Click Shortcut. The Create Shortcut dialog box will appear. Type in the location and name of the item to which you want to create a shortcut. Alternatively, browse to find the item. Click Next. A dialog box will appear. Accept the default name or type in a new name. Click Finish.

How do I rename a desktop shortcut? To rename a shortcut:

1. 2. 3.

Right-click the shortcut. Click Rename. Type the new name.

How do I delete a desktop shortcut? To delete a shortcut:

1. 2. 3.

Click the shortcut. Press the Delete key. Click Yes.

How do I change the icon associated with an object? To change the icon associated with an object:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Right-click the icon. The context menu will appear. Click Properties. Click the Change Icon button. Click the icon of your choice. Click OK.

Note: Not all icons can be changed. If you do not see the Change Icon button, the icon cannot be changed. What is wallpaper?
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Wallpaper is the background that displays on your desktop. How do I change my wallpaper? To change your wallpaper:
1. 2. 3. 4.

Right-click your desktop. Highlight Properties. Click the Desktop tab. Select the wallpaper you want from the list that appears in the Background box.

Note: If you would like to display an image you created, you can click Browse to find the image.
5.

Select how you want your image to appear on the screen. Choose from the following: Center Tile Stretch Place the image in the center of the screen. Have the image display as tiles across and down the screen. Stretch the image so the image covers the entire screen.

What is a font? A font is a set of characters represented in a single typeface. Each character within a font is created by using the same basic style. Can you explain font size? Fonts are measured in points. There are 72 points to an inch. The number of points assigned to a font is based on the distance from the top to the bottom of its longest character. How do I install a new font? To install a new font: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click the Start button. Highlight Settings. Click Control Panel. Click Fonts. The Fonts window will open.
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5. Click File, which is located on the menu bar. 6. Click Install New Font. 7. Specify the drive and folder where the font you want to install is currently located. 8. Select the font you want to install from the fonts listed in the List of Fonts box. 9. Select Copy Fonts to Fonts Folder (this will put a copy of the font you are installing in the Fonts folder). 10.Click OK. What is the Character Map? The Character Map displays the characters available in a selected font. To view the Character Map dialog box: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click the Start button. Highlight Programs. Highlight Accessories. Highlight System Tools. Click Character Map.

Select a font from the Font field drop-down menu. The characters of the font are in boxes in the center of the window. Click a character box to display an enlarged version of the character. The keystroke necessary to produce the character displays in the lower left corner of the screen. Double-click a character or select the character; then click the Select button to send the character to the Characters to Copy field. You can send multiple characters to the Characters to Copy field. Click the Copy button to move the Characters to Copy field contents to the Clipboard. What are drives? Drives are used to store data. Almost all computers come with at least two drives: a hard drive (which is used to store large volumes of data) and a CD drive(which stores smaller volumes of data that can be easily transported from one computer to another). The hard drive is typically designated the C:\ drive and the CD drive is typically designated the D:\ drive. If you have an additional floppy drive, it is typically designated the A:\ drive. If your hard drive is partitioned or if you have additional drives, the letters E:\, F:\, G:\ and so on are assigned. What are folders? Folders are used to organize the data stored on your drives. The files that make up a program are stored together in their own set of folders. You will want to organize the files you create in folders. You will want to store files of a like kind in a single folder.
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How does Windows XP organize files and folders on drives? Windows XP organizes folders and files in a hierarchical system. The drive is the highest level of the hierarchy. You can put all of your files on the drive without creating any folders, but that is like putting all of your papers in a file cabinet without organizing them into folders. It works fine if you have only a few files, but as the number of files increases, there comes a point at which things become very difficult to find. So you create folders and put related material together in folders. A diagram of a typical drive and how it is organized is shown here.

At the highest level, you have some folders and perhaps some files. You can open any of the folders and put additional files and folders into them. This creates a hierarchy. Can you explain the Windows Explorer window? Yes. When you open Windows Explorer, the screen shown here will appear.

Windows XP separates the window into two panes. If you click an object in the left pane, the contents of the object display in the right pane. Click Desktop and the contents of the Desktop folder display on the right. Click My Computer and your computer resources display on the right. To see the contents of a drive, click the drive. To see the contents of a folder, click the icon for the folder in the left pane. How do I create a new folder when in Windows Explorer? To create a new folder:

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1. In the left pane, click the drive or folder in which you want to create the new folder. 2. Click any free area in the right pane. A context menu will appear. 3. Highlight New. 4. Click Folder. 5. Type a name for the folder. Can you explain Windows Explorer views? Yes. Views control how Windows Explorer displays information in the right pane. Windows Explorer provides you with the following choices: Thumbnails, Tiles, Icons, List, and Details.

Thumbnails view displays images. These images represent the contents of folders and files. For example, if a folder contains pictures, up to four of the pictures in the folder will be displayed on the folder icon. Tiles view and Icons view display icons to represent drives, folders, and the contents of folders. The icons displayed when you choose Tiles view are larger than the icons that display when you choose Icon view. List view displays all of the files and folders without supplying the size, type, or date modified. Details view displays the size, type, and date modified.

To change the view: 1. Right-click any free area in the right pane. A context menu will appear. 2. Highlight View. 3. Select the view you want from the drop-down menu. How do I delete a file or folder? To delete a file or folder: 1. Right-click the file or folder you want to delete. A context menu will appear. 2. Click Delete. Windows Explorer will ask, "Are sure you want to send this object to the recycle bin?" 3. Click Yes. How do I copy a file or folder? To copy a file or folder: 1. Right-click the file or folder you want to copy. A context menu will appear. 2. Click Copy. The file or folder should now be on the Clipboard.
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How do I cut a file or folder? To cut a file or folder: 1. Right-click the file or folder you want to cut. A context menu will appear. 2. Click Cut. The file or folder should now be on the Clipboard. Note: Cutting differs from deleting. When you cut a file, the file is placed on the Clipboard. When you delete a file, the file is sent to the Recycle Bin. How do I paste a file or folder? To paste a file or folder: 1. After cutting or copying the file, right-click the object or right-click in the right pane of the folder to which you want to paste. A context menu will appear. 2. Click Paste. How do I rename a file or folder? To rename a file or folder: 1. Right-click the file or folder. A context menu will appear. 2. Click Rename. 3. Type the new name. What is a screen saver? Computer monitors display images by firing electron beams at a phosphor-coated screen. If the same image stays on the screen too long, there is a danger that the image will leave a permanent imprint on the screen. Screen savers help prevent this by providing a constantly changing image. How do I select a screen saver? To select a screen saver: 1. 2. 3. 4. Right-click anywhere on the Windows desktop. A context menu will appear. Choose Properties. The Display Properties dialog box will appear. Click the Screen Saver tab. The Screen Saver field provides the list of available screen savers. Select the screen saver you want from the list. 5. Click Preview to preview your screen saver. 6. Click Esc to return to the Display Properties dialog box. 7. In the Wait field, set the number of minutes of inactivity before the screen saver starts.
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8. Click OK.

What is a window? A window is an area on your desktop within which all Windows-based programs run. Can you explain the parts of a window? Yes. I will use WordPad as an example.

Control Box

The control box provides a menu that enables you to restore, move, size, minimize, maximize, or close a window. The border separates the window from the desktop. You resize the window by dragging its borders outward to expand it and inward to contract it. The title bar displays the name of the current file and the name of the current program. Use the Minimize button to temporarily decrease the size of a window or remove a window from view. While a window is minimized, its title appears on the taskbar. Click the Maximize button and the window will fill the screen.

Border

Title bar

Minimize button

Maximize button

Restore button After you maximize a window, if you click the Restore button, the window will return to its former size. Close button Click the Close button to exit the window and close the program.
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Menu bar

The menu bar displays the program menu. You send commands to the program by using the menu. Toolbars generally the menu, but you display them along borders. You use toolbars to send program. display right below can drag them and any of the window the icons on the commands to the

Toolbars

Work area

The work area is located in the center of the window. You perform most of your work in the work area. The status bar provides you with information about the status of your program.

Status bar

Can I have more than one window open at a time? Yes. How do I switch between windows? If you have several windows open at the same time, the window on top is the window with focus. You can only interact with the window with focus. To change windows, do one of the following: 1. Click anywhere on the window you want to have focus. 2. Hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key (Alt-Tab) until you have selected the window to which you want to change. 3. All active files display on the taskbar. Click the taskbar button for the window you want to have focus. How do I move a window around on my desktop? To move a window around on your desktop, left-click the windows title bar and drag the window. What does it mean to "cascade your windows"? Cascading your windows is a way of organizing your windows on your desktop. Cascading windows fan out across your desktop with the title bar of each window showing.
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How do I cascade my windows? To cascade your windows: 1. Right-click the taskbar. A menu will appear. 2. Click Cascade Windows. What does it mean to "tile your windows"? Tiling your windows is a way of organizing your windows onscreen. When you tile your windows, Windows XP places each window on the desktop in such a way that no window overlaps any other window. You can tile your windows horizontally or vertically. How do I tile my windows? To tile your windows: 1. Right-click the taskbar. A menu will appear. 2. Click Tile Windows Horizontally or Tile Windows Vertically, whichever you prefer. What are scrollbars? In many programs, if the contents of the work area do not fit in the window, scrollbars will appear. A vertical scrollbar will appear at the right side of the window and a horizontal scrollbar at the bottom of the window, depending on the fit. The vertical scrollbar provides a way to move up and down. The horizontal scrollbar provides a way to move from left to right. The scroll box indicates where you are in your document. If the scroll box is at the top of the scrollbar, you are at the top of the document. If the scroll box is in the center of the scrollbar, you are in the center of the document. How do the scrollbars work? To move up and down one line at a time:

Click the arrow at either end of the vertical scrollbar.

To move from side to side one character at a time:

Click the arrow at either end of the horizontal scrollbar.

To move approximately one window at a time:

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Click above the scroll box to move up. Click below the scroll box to move down.

To scroll continuously:

Click the appropriate arrow and hold down the mouse button.

To move to a specific location:

Left-click the scrollbar and hold down the left mouse button until you arrive at the location. For example, if you want to go to the center of the document, click the center of the scrollbar and hold down the left mouse button. Or, drag the scroll box until you arrive at the desired location.

What is an icon? An icon is a graphic image. Icons help you execute commands quickly. Commands tell the computer what you want the computer to do. To execute a command by using an icon, click the icon. What is a menu? Menus provide a way for you to send commands to the computer (tell the computer what you want the computer to do). When you open a window, menu options are listed from left to right just below the title bar on the menu bar. When you click a menu item, a drop-down menu appears. Select the command you want to execute from the dropdown menu. An ellipsis after a drop-down menu item signifies that there are additional options; if you select that option, a dialog box will appear. What is a shortcut key? You can use shortcut keys to execute a command quickly by pressing key combinations instead of selecting the commands directly from the menu or clicking on an icon. When you look at a menu, you will notice that most of the options have one letter underlined. You can select a menu option by holding down the Alt key and pressing the underlined letter. You can also make Alt-key selections from drop-down menus and dialog boxes. In this tutorial and on this Web site, we use the following notation: a key name followed by a dash and a letter means to hold down the key while pressing the letter. For example, "Alt-f" means to hold down the Alt key while pressing "f" (this will open the File menu in many programs). As another example, holding down the Ctrl key while pressing "b" (Ctrl-b) will bold selected text in many programs. In some programs, you can assign your own shortcut keys. What is a selection?
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A selection is a highlighted area on which you can perform a command. For example, if you are using a word processing program, you can highlight a word and then execute the Underline command to underline the highlighted word. How do I make a selection? To make a selection: 1. Left-click where you want to start your selection. 2. Hold down your left mouse button and drag the mouse until you have highlighted the area you want. Or 1. Left-click where you want to start your selection. 2. Hold down the Shift key while you use the arrow keys to highlight the area that you want. Note: Typing over highlighted text replaces the old text with the new text you type. Explain cut, copy, and paste. The Cut, Copy, and Paste commands are nearly universal. These three functions are used by almost every Windows program and perform more or less the same function in each of them. You can cut, copy, and paste programs, disks, and text, to name just a few things. Cut: When you cut something, it is deleted from its current location and saved to the Clipboard. Information saved to the Clipboard stays there until new information is either cut or copied. Each time you execute Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the Clipboard with whatever you just cut or copied. You can paste the same Clipboard information as often as you like. Copy: Copy is similar to Cut except the original item is not deleted. When you copy something, a copy of the item is saved to the Clipboard. Information stored on the Clipboard stays there until new information is either cut or copied. Each time you execute Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the Clipboard with whatever you just cut or copied. You can paste Clipboard information as often as you like, until you replace it with something else. Paste: You can place information on the Clipboard wherever you like. Execute the Paste command and information you have cut or copied is placed wherever your cursor is located.

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Clipboard: The Clipboard is the storage area for items that have been cut or copied. Each time you execute Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the Clipboard with whatever you just cut or copied. You can paste Clipboard information as often as you like, until you replace it with something else. There are three major methods of cutting, copying, and pasting. The three methods are using the menu, using keyboard shortcuts, and using icons. We will review all of them. In most programs, they will work exactly as described here. Using the Menu: Cut 1. Select what you want to cut. 2. Click Edit, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear. 3. Click Cut. Paste 1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is currently on the Clipboard. 2. Click Edit. A drop-down menu will appear. 3. Click Paste. Copy 1. Select what you want to copy. 2. Click Edit, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear. 3. Click Copy. Using Keyboard Shortcuts: Cut 1. Select what you want to cut. 2. Press Ctrl-x. Paste 1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is currently on the Clipboard. 2. Press Ctrl-v. Copy 1. Select what you want to copy.
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2. Press Ctrl-c. Using Icons: Cut 1. Select what you want to cut. 2. Click the Cut icon. Paste 1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is currently on the Clipboard. 2. Click the Paste icon. Copy 1. Select what you want to copy. 2. Click the Copy icon. Are there any universals that apply to almost all programs? Yes, there are and I list a few of them here. I use the following convention to indicate a menu path: View > Toolbars. When you see View > Toolbars, it means choose View from the menu bar and select Toolbars from the drop-down menu. The following list applies to many, but not all programs. Check each program's documentation for information specific to the program.

Icon

Shortcut Menu Key Path Ctrl-n Ctrl-o Ctrl-s Ctrl-p Ctrl-f File New

Command Description > Create a new file.

File > Open an Open existing file. File Save File Print Edit > Save the current file. > Print the current file. > Find text in the
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Find Ctrl-x Edit Cut

current document. > Cut (delete and place on Clipboard) the current selection.

Ctrl-v

Edit > Place the Paste material currently on the Clipboard in the file at the current location. Edit > Copy the Copy current selection to the Clipboard. Edit > Reverse the Undo most recent command. Place the program in the state it was in before executing the last command. Edit Redo > Reverse the last undo. Place the program in the state it was in before executing Undo. Apply a font to the current selection.
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Ctrl-c

Ctrl-z

Ctrl-y

Format > Font

Format > Font

Set the size of the font for the current selection. Bold current selection. Italicize current selection. Underline current selection. Left-align selection. the

Ctrl-b

Format > Font Format > Font Format > Font

Ctrl-i

the

Ctrl-u

the

Ctrl-l Ctrl-r Ctrl-e Ctrl-j

the

Right-align the selection. Center selection. Justify selection. the the

View > Select the Toolbars toolbars you want to display. Can you explain how to save a file? Yes. I will use WordPad as an example. To save a file: 1. Click File, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear. 2. Click Save. A dialog box similar to the one shown here will appear.

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Field/Icon Save In field

Entry Click to open the menu-box and select the drive and folder to which you want to save the file. Click this icon to move up one level in the folder hierarchy. Click this icon to move to the Desktop folder. Use the Create a New Folder icon to create a new folder: 1. Click the Create New Folder icon. 2. Type the folder name and press Enter. 3. Click the folder you just created to open the folder.

Up One Level icon

View Desktop icon Create a New Folder icon

List icon

Your program displays files and folders in the center of the dialog box. To have the files display without the size, type, and date modified, click the List icon. Your program displays files
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Detail icon

and folders in the center of the dialog box. To have the files display with the size, type, and date modified, click the Detail icon. File/Folder box Your program displays files and folders in File/Folder box. Click a folder to open the folder. Click a file if you want the current file to write over (replace) that file. Enter the name you want your file to have in this field. Click to open the drop-down box and select a file type. Click the Save button to save your file. Click the Cancel button if you have changed your mind and do not wish to save your file.

File Name field

Save As Type field Save button Cancel button

What is a dialog box? Whenever you see an ellipsis () after a menu option, selecting that option causes a dialog box to appear. You use dialog boxes to send commands to the computer. Most dialog boxes provide an OK button and a Cancel button. Press the OK button if you are satisfied with your entries and you want to send the commands to the computer. Press the Cancel button if you have changed your mind and do not want to send the commands to the computer. What are tabs?

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Some programs provide dialog boxes with several pages of options. You move to a page by clicking on the tab or by using Ctrl-Tab (hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the Tab key to flip through the pages). What are fields?

You type entries into fields (also referred to as text boxes). For example, in the Save As dialog box, you type the name you want the file to have in the File Name field. What are list boxes?

List boxes enable you to make a choice from a list of options. To make your selection, simply click the option you want. In some list boxes, you can choose more than one item. To choose more than one item, hold down the Ctrl key while you make your selections. If there are more options than can be displayed in the box, a scrollbar appears on the list box. Use the scrollbar to view the additional choices. What is a drop-down or pull-down menu?

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Fields with a drop-down menu have a small downward-pointing arrow next to them. You click the arrow and a list of options appears. You select the option you want from the list. You can also open the drop-down menu by holding down the Alt key and pressing the down arrow. You can use the arrow keys to move up and down in a drop-down menu. You can also move to an item by typing the first few letters of the option. What are radio buttons?

Windows XP and programs that run under Windows XP use radio buttons to present a list of mutually exclusive options. You can select only one of the options presented. Radio buttons are usually round. A dot in the middle indicates that the option is selected. What are checkboxes?

Check boxes are another method used to select options. You click the checkbox to select the item. An X or a checkmark appears in a selected box. You toggle checkboxes on and off by clicking in the box. What is a slider?
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You use a slider to increase or decrease a value. You increase a value by moving the slider from left to right; you decrease a value by moving the slider from right to left. What is a spinner?

A spinner is a set of arrows located on the side of a text box. You use the up arrow to increment a value and the down arrow to decrement a value. You can also type the value you want directly into the text box. Would you explain the Windows XP color box?

Yes. The Windows color box provides 48 basic colors. You select a color by clicking on the square of the color. You can save 16 custom colors. To select a custom color, expand the window by clicking on the Define Custom Color button. A color matrix box and a luminosity slider will appear. Move the pointer in the color matrix box horizontally to adjust the hue. Move the pointer vertically to adjust the saturation. Use the luminosity slider to adjust the luminosity. The Hue, Saturation, Luminosity (HSL) values and Red, Green, Blue (RGB) values display at the bottom of the window. After you have selected a color, you can add the color to a Custom Color square by clicking on the Add to Custom Colors button.

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The Color Solid box may display two colors. The left side of the box displays the dithered color and the right side of the box displays a closely related non-dithered color. There are 256 non-dithering colors. Non-dithering colors should display the same on all computer monitors; consequently, Web developers prefer them.

MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD

Lesson One: Getting Familiar with Microsoft Word Microsoft Word is a word processing software package. You can use it to type letters, reports, and other documents. This lesson introduces you to the Word window. You use the Word window to interact with Microsoft Word.

The Microsoft Word Title Bar The Microsoft Word Menu Bar Microsoft Word Toolbars The Ruler Document View Text Area Exiting Microsoft Word

The Title Bar

This lesson will familiarize you with the Microsoft Word screen. We will start with the Title bar, which is located at the very top of the screen. On the Title bar, Microsoft Word displays the name of the document on which you are currently working. At the top of your screen, you should see "Microsoft Word - Document1" or a similar name. The Menu Bar
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The Menu bar is generally found directly below the Title bar. The Menu bar displays the menu. The Menu bar begins with the word File and continues with Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window, and Help. You use the menus to give instructions to the software. Point with your mouse to a menu option and click the left mouse button to open a drop-down menu. You can now use the left and right arrow keys on your keyboard to move left and right across the Menu bar options. You can use the up and down arrow keys to move up and down the drop-down menu.

The most frequently used menu options appear on the menu list. A chevron appears at the bottom of the list. Click the chevron to display additional menu options.

To select an option, click the option or use the arrow keys to move to the option on the drop-down menu and press Enter. An ellipse or a right arrow after a menu item signifies additional options; if you select that menu item, a dialog box appears. Items in gray are not available. You can customize your screen so that all of the menu options display when you click a menu item. This tutorial assumes that your menu is set to display all menu options. To customize your menu to display all of the menu options:
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1. 2. 3. 4.

Click Tools on the Menu bar. Click Customize on the drop down menu. The Customize dialog box opens. Click the Options tab. Click in the check box to select Always Show Full Menus.

5. Click Close. Exercise 1 Do the following exercise. It demonstrates using the Microsoft Word menu. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Click File on the Menu bar. Press the right arrow key until Help is highlighted. Press the left arrow key until Format is highlighted. Press the down arrow key until Styles and Formatting are highlighted. Press the up arrow key until Paragraph is highlighted. Press Enter to select the Paragraph menu option. Click Cancel to close the dialog box.

Toolbars

The Standard Toolbar The Formatting Toolbar Toolbars provide shortcuts to menu commands. Toolbars are generally located just below the Menu bar. Before proceeding with this lesson, make sure the toolbars you will use -- Standard and Formatting -- are available. Follow these steps: 1. Click View on the Menu bar. 2. Highlight Toolbars.
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3. Standard and Formatting should have check marks next to them. If both Standard and Formatting have heck marks next to them, press Esc three times to close the menu. 4. If they do not both have check marks, click Customize. 5. Click the Toolbars tab. 6. Point to the box next to the unchecked option and click the left mouse button to make a check mark appear. Note: You turn the check mark on and off by clicking the left mouse button. 7. Click Close to close the dialog box. The Ruler

The ruler is generally found below the main toolbars. The ruler is used to change the format of your document quickly. To display the ruler: 1. Click View on the Menu bar. 2. The option Ruler should have a check mark next to it. If it has a check mark next to it, press Esc to close the menu. If it does not have a check mark next to it, continue to the next step. 3. Click Ruler. The ruler now appears below the toolbars. Document View In Word, you can display your document in one of five views: Normal, Web Layout, Print Layout, Reading Layout, or Online Layout. Normal View Normal view is the most often used and shows formatting such as line spacing, font, point size, and italics. Word displays multiple-column text in one continuous column. Web Layout Web layout view enables you to view your document as it would appear in a browser such as Internet Explorer. Print Layout The Print Layout view shows the document as it will look when it is printed. Reading Layout Reading Layout view formats your screen to make reading your document more comfortable. Outline view Outline view displays the document in outline form. Headings can be displayed without the text. If you move a heading, the accompanying text moves with it. Word 2002
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In Word 2002, you can display your document in one of four views: Normal, Outline, Page Layout, or Online Layout. Normal view Normal view is the most often used and shows formatting such as line spacing, font, point size, and italics. Word displays multiple-column text in one continuous column. Outline view Outline view displays the document in outline form. Headings can be displayed without the text. If you move a heading, the accompanying text moves with it. Print Layout view The Print Layout view shows the document as it will look when it is printed. Online Layout view The Online Layout view optimizes the document for online viewing (viewing the document in a browser such as Internet Explorer). Before moving ahead, check to make sure you are in Normal view: 1. Click View on the Menu bar. 2. The icon next to Normal should have a box around it. If the icon next to normal has a box around it, press Esc to close the menu. If the icon next to Normal does not have a box around it, continue on to the next step. 3. Click Normal. You are now in Normal view. Text Area

Just below the ruler is a large area called the "text area." You type your document in the text area. The blinking vertical line in the upper left corner of the text area is the cursor.
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It marks the insertion point. As you type, your work shows at the cursor location. The horizontal line next to the cursor marks the end of the document. Exiting Word You have completed Lesson One. Typically, you would save your work before exiting. This lesson does not require you to enter any text, so you might have nothing to save. To exit Word: 1. Click File. 2. Click Exit, which can be found at the bottom of the drop-down menu. 3. If you have entered text, you will be prompted: "Do you want to save changes to Document1?" To save your changes, click Yes. Otherwise, click No. 4. Specify the correct folder in the Save In box. 5. Name your file by typing lesson1.doc in the File Name field. 6. Click Save. Lesson 2: Things You Need to Know This lesson instructs you on how to set up your computer so that you can compete the lessons that follow successfully and it provides you with background information on Microsoft Word. To begin this lesson, open Microsoft Word. Click During the lessons that follow, you will be asked to "click" items. When asked to click: 1. Point to the item. 2. Press your left mouse button once. If you are asked to double-click an item: 1. Point to the item. 2. Quickly press your left mouse button twice. If you are asked to right-click: 1. Point to the item. 2. Press your right mouse button. Options The following is an introduction to various features of the Microsoft Word screen. Status Bar
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The Status bar appears at the very bottom of the screen and provides such information as the current page, current section, total number of pages, inches from the top of the page, current line number, and current column number. The Status bar also provides options that enable you to track changes or turn on the Record mode, the Extension mode, the Overtype mode, and the Spelling and Grammar check. Horizontal and Vertical Scroll Bars

The Horizontal and Vertical scroll bars, if turned on, enable you to move up and down or across the window simply by pressing the icons located on the scroll bars. The Horizontal scroll bar is located above the Status bar. The Vertical scroll bar is located along the right side of the screen. To move up and down your document, click and drag the Vertical scroll bar up and down. To move back and forth across your document, click and drag the Horizontal scroll bar. Recently Used File List

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If you enable the recently used file list, clicking File displays the most recently opened files near the bottom of the drop-down menu. You can click the file name to open the file quickly. Setting Options Before proceeding, turn on the Status bar, Horizontal scroll bar, Vertical scroll bar, nonprinting characters, and the recently used file list. Follow the procedure outlined here: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Tools on the Menu bar. Click Options. Click View to choose the View tab. In the Show frame, check to see if there are checks next to Status Bar, Horizontal Scroll Bar, and Vertical Scroll Bar. 5. If all these items do not have check marks, go to the box next to the unchecked item(s) and click the left mouse button. Note: You toggle the check mark on and off by clicking the left mouse button. 6. In the Formatting Marks frame, check to see if there is a check mark next to All. 7. If there is no check mark next to All, go to the box next to All and click the left mouse button. A check mark will now appear. 8. Click General to choose the General tab. 9. Check to see if there is a check mark next to the Recently Used File List. If there is no check mark, go to the box next to Recently Used File List and click the left mouse button. Check to see if the number in the Entries box is at least four. If it is not, type 4 in the box. 10.Check to see if Inches is selected in the Measurement Units box (this sets the unit of measurement for the ruler). If it is not, click the pull-down menu and then click Inches. 11.Click OK to close the dialog box. Highlighting Text Throughout these lessons, you will be asked to highlight text. You can use either of the following methods:
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Highlighting by Using the F8 and Arrow Keys 1. Place the cursor before or after the text you wish to highlight and click the left mouse button. 2. Press the F8 key, which will serve as an "anchor" showing where text you wish to highlight begins or ends. 3. Press the appropriate arrow key (left arrow to move to the left or right arrow to move to the right) until the text is highlighted. You can use the up or down arrow key to highlight one line at a time. Press Esc to remove the anchor. Highlighting by Using the Mouse 1. Place the cursor before or after the text you wish to highlight. 2. Hold down the left mouse button. 3. Move the mouse left, right, up, or down until the text is highlighted. Choosing Menu Commands by Using the Alt Key There are many methods to accomplish tasks when you are using Microsoft Word. Generally, when selecting items from the menu, we will ask you to click or highlight the menu item. However, you can also select a menu option by: 1. Pressing the Alt key while typing the underlined letter on the Menu bar. 2. Typing the letter underlined on a drop-down menu. If a dialog box appears, you can move around the dialog box by pressing the Alt key and any underlined option. Shortcut Key Demonstration 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hold down the Alt key and press "o" to select Format from the menu. Press "p" to select Paragraph from the drop-down menu. Hold down the Alt key and press "i" to select the Indents and Spacing tab. Hold down the Alt key and press "b" to select Before from the Spacing frame. Press Enter to close the dialog box. .

Starting a New Paragraph When you type in Microsoft Word, you do not need to press a key to move to a new line as you do when typing with a typewriter. To start a new paragraph, press the Enter key. Exiting Microsoft Word

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You have completed this lesson. Typically, you would save your work before exiting. This lesson does not require you to enter any text, so you might have nothing to save. To exit Microsoft Word: 1. Click File on the Menu bar. 2. Click Exit, which can be found at the bottom of the drop-down menu. 3. If you have entered text, you will be prompted: "Do you want to save changes to Document1?" To save your changes, click Yes. Otherwise, click No. 4. Specify the correct directory in the Save In box. 5. Name your file by typing lesson2.doc in the File Name field. 6. Click Save.

Lesson 3: Microsoft Word Basic Features The Delete Key You can also delete text by using the Delete key. First, highlight the text you wish to delete; then press the Delete key. Exercise 2 Delete the word "very" from the sentence you just typed. 1. Highlight the word "very." Place the cursor before the "v" in the word "very" and press the F8 key. Then press the right arrow key until the word "very" is highlighted. 2. Press the Delete key. The sentence should now read: "Joe has a large boat." Inserting Text You can insert text. To insert text, you must be in the Insert mode. To check to see whether you are in the Insert mode, look at the Status bar, located at the very bottom of the screen. Look at the right side of the Status bar. If the letters "OVR" are gray, you are in the Insert mode. If the letters "OVR" are black, you are in the Overtype mode.

Insert Mode

Overtype Mode
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To change to the Insert mode: 1. Double-click the letters "OVR." 2. The letters "OVR" are now gray. Alternate Method -- Setting Options by Using the Menu You can also use the menu to change to the Overtype mode.
1. Choose Tools > Options from the menu. The Options dialog box opens.

2. Click the Edit tab to choose the Edit tab. 3. The Overtype Mode box should be blank. If the box is blank, click OK. 4. If the Overtype Mode box is not blank, click the box to remove the check mark. Then click OK. Alternate Method -- Setting Options by Using Key You can use the keyboard to change to the Overtype mode. 1. 2. 3. 4. Press Alt-t, o. Click Edit. Press Alt-v (toggles between overtype and insert). Press Enter.

Exercise 3 Make sure the letters "OVR" are gray before proceeding. You are going to insert the word "blue" between the words "large" and "boat." 1. Place the cursor after the dot between the words "large" and "boat." 2. Type the word blue. 3. Press the spacebar to add a space. 4. The sentence should now read: "Joe has a large blue boat." Bold, Underline, and Italicize You can bold, underline, or italicize when using Word. You also can combine these features -- in other words, you can bold, underline, and italicize a single piece of text. In the exercise that follows, you will learn three different methods for bolding, italicizing, or underlining when using Word. You will learn to bold, italicize, or underline by using the menu, an icon, or the keys. Exercise 5
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Type the following exactly as shown. Remember, pressing the Enter key starts a new paragraph. Press the Enter key at the end of each of the following lines to start a new paragraph. Menu: Bold Italicize Underline these words All three Regular Icon: Bold Italicize Underline these words All three Regular Keys: Bold Italicize Underline these words All three Regular

Your screen should look similar to the one shown here. Bold - Using the Menu 1. On the line that begins with Menu, highlight the word Bold. To do so, place the cursor before the letter "B" in "Bold." Press the F8 key; then press the right arrow key until the entire word is highlighted. 2. Choose Format > Font from the menu. The Font Dialog box opens. 3. Click Bold in the Font Style box. Note: You can see the effect of your selection in the Preview window. To turn off the bold, click Regular. 4. Click OK to close the dialog box. 5. Click anywhere in the text area to remove the highlighting. You have bolded the word bold. Alternate Method -- Bold by Using an Icon 1. On the line that begins with "Icon," highlight the word "Bold." To do so, place the cursor before the letter "B" in "Bold." Press the F8 key; then press the right arrow key until the entire word is highlighted. 2. Click the Bold icon on the toolbar. Note: To turn off bold, highlight the text and press the Bold icon again. 3. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Alternate Method -- Bold by Using the Keys
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1. On the line that begins with "Keys," highlight the word "Bold." To do so, place the cursor before the letter "B" in "Bold." Press the F8 key; then press the right arrow key until the entire word is highlighted. 2. Press Ctrl-b (hold down the Ctrl key while pressing b). Note: To turn off Bold, press Ctrl-b again. You can also remove formatting by pressing Ctrl-spacebar. 3. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Italicize - Using the Menu 1. On the line that begins with "Menu," highlight the word "Italicize." To do so, place the cursor before the letter "I" in "Italicize." Press the F8 key; then press the right arrow key until the entire word is highlighted. 2. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 3. Click Italic in the Font Style box. Note: You can see the effect of your selection in the Preview window. To turn off the italics, click Regular. 4. Click OK to close the dialog box. 5. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Alternate Method -- Italicize by Using an Icon 1. On the line that begins with "Icon," highlight the word "Italicize." To do so, place the cursor before the letter "I" in "Italicize." Press the F8 key; then press the right arrow key until the entire word is highlighted. 2. Click the Italic icon on the toolbar. Note: To turn off italics, highlight the text and press the Italic icon again. 3. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Alternate Method -- Italicize by Using Keys 1. On the line that begins with "Keys," highlight the word "Italicize." Place the cursor before the letter "I" in "Italicize." Press the F8 key; then press the right arrow key until the entire word is highlighted. 2. Press Ctrl-i (hold down the Ctrl key while pressing i). Note: To toggle Italic off, press Ctrl-i again. You can also remove formatting by pressing Ctrl-spacebar. 3. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Underline - Using the Menu You can underline when using Word. The following are some of the underlines that are available if you use the menu:

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The following illustrates underlining by using the menu: 1. On the line that begins with "Menu," highlight the words "Underline these words." 2. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 3. In the Underline Style box, click to open the pull-down menu. Click the type of underline you wish to use. Note: To remove an underline, you select None from the pull-down menu. 4. Click OK to close the dialog box. 5. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Alternate Method -- Underline by Using the Icon 1. On the line that begins with "Icon," highlight the words "Underline these words." 2. Click the Underline icon on the toolbar. You will get a single underline. Note: To turn off underlining, press the Underline icon again. 3. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Alternate Method -- Underline by Using the Keys 1. On the line that begins with "Keys," highlight the words "Underline these words." 2. Press Ctrl-u (hold down the Ctrl key while pressing u). You will get a single underline. Note: To turn off underlining, press Ctrl-u again. 3. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. All Three - Using the Menu 1. On the line that begins with "Menu," highlight the words "All three." 2. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 3. In the Font Style box, click Bold Italic. Note: You can see the effect of your selection in the preview window. To turn off the Bold Italic, click Regular.
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4. In the Underline box, click to open the pull-down menu. Click the type of

underline you want to use. Note: To remove an underline, select None from the pull-down menu. 5. Click OK to close the dialog box. 6. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Alternate Method -- All Three by Using Icons 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. On the line that begins with "Icon," highlight the words "All three." Click the Bold icon on the toolbar. Click the Italic icon on the toolbar. Click the Underline icon on the toolbar. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting.

Alternate Method -- All Three by Using the Keys 1. On the line that begins with "Keys," highlight the words "All three." 2. Press Ctrl-b (bold). 3. Press Ctrl-i (italicize). 4. Press Ctrl-u (underline). Note: You can remove formatting by highlighting the text and pressing Ctrlspacebar. 5. Click anywhere in the Text area to remove the highlighting. Save File You must save your files if you wish to recall them later. Before you can save, you must give your file a name. To save your file and close Word, follow the instructions given here:
1. Choose File > Save As from the menu.

2. Specify the correct folder in the Look In box. 3. Name your file by typing lesson3.doc in the File Name box. 4. Click Save. 5. Choose File > Exit from the menu.

Lesson 4: More Basic Features This lesson covers cut, copy, paste, AutoText, spell check, find, replace, and fonts. To begin this lesson, open Microsoft Word. Open File
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To continue working on a file you previously saved, you must open the file. To open the file you used in Lesson 3:
1. Choose File > Open from the menu.

2. Make sure the folder you noted during the previous lesson displays in the Look In field. 3. The file is named "lesson3.doc." Type lesson3.doc in the File Name field. 4. Click Open. The file you created during the previous lesson appears. Alternate Method -- Opening a File by Using the Drop-Down Menu 1. Click File. 2. Look for the file name "lesson3.doc" near the bottom of the drop-down menu. 3. Click "lesson3.doc." The file you created during the previous lesson opens. Cut and Paste In Microsoft Word, you can cut (delete) text from one area of a document and save that text so it can be pasted elsewhere in the document. When you cut text, it is stored on the Clipboard. You can also copy text. When you copy text, it is also stored on the Clipboard. Information stored on the Clipboard stays there until new information is either cut or copied. Each time you execute Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the Clipboard with whatever you just cut or copied. You can paste Clipboard information as often as you like. Exercise 1 Cut - Using the Menu
1. Type the following:

I want to move. I am content where I am. 2. Highlight "I want to move." 3. Choose Edit > Cut from the menu. 4. Your text should now read: "I am content where I am." Paste - Using the Menu 1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence "I am content where I am." 2. Press the spacebar to leave a space. 3. Choose Edit > Paste from the menu. 4. Your text should now read "I am content where I am. I want to move." Alternate Method -- Cut by Using the Icon
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1. Type the following:

I want to move. I am content where I am. 2. Highlight "I want to move."

3. Click the Cut icon

. 4. Your text should now read: " I am content where I am." Alternate Method -- Paste by Using the Icon 1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence "I am content where I am." 2. Press the spacebar to leave a space.
3. Click the Paste icon

. 4. Your text should now read: "I am content where I am. I want to move." Alternate Method -- Cut by Using Keys
1. Type the following:

I want to move. I am content where I am. 2. Highlight "I want to move." 3. Press Ctrl-x. 4. Your text should now read. " I am content where I am." Alternate Method -- Paste by Using Keys 1. 2. 3. 4. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence: "I am content where I am." Press the spacebar to leave a space. Press Ctrl-v. Your text should now read. "I am content where I am. I want to move."

Copy and Paste In Microsoft Word, you can copy text from one area of the document and place that text elsewhere in the document. As with cut data, copied data is stored on the Clipboard. Exercise 2 Copy - Using the Menu
1. Type the following:

You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need.

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2. Highlight "You will want to copy me." 3. Choose Edit > Copy from the menu. Paste - Using the Menu 1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence: "One of me is all you need." 2. Press the spacebar to leave a space. 3. Choose Edit > Paste from the menu. 4. Your text should now read: "You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need. You will want to copy me." Alternate Method -- Copy by Using the Icon
1. Type the following:

You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need. 2. Highlight "You will want to copy me." 3. Click the Copy icon . Alternate Method -- Paste by Using the Icon 1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence: "One of me is all you need." 2. Press the spacebar to leave a space. 3. Click the Paste icon . 4. Your text should now read: "You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need. You will want to copy me." Alternate Method -- Copy by Using Keys
1. Type the following:

You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need. 2. Highlight "You will want to copy me." 3. Press Ctrl-c. Alternate Method -- Paste by Using Keys 1. 2. 3. 4. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence "One of me is all you need." Press the spacebar to leave a space. Press Ctrl-v. Your text should now read: "You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need. You will want to copy me."

AutoText
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Cut and Copy both store information on the Clipboard. Each time you store new information on the Clipboard, the old information is lost. If you wish to store text permanently so you can use it repeatedly, use AutoText. Exercise 3
1. Type the following:

AutoText information is stored permanently. 2. Highlight "AutoText information is stored permanently." 3. Choose Insert > AutoText > New from the menu. 4. Microsoft Word suggests a name. The suggestion displays in the dialog box. Change the name by typing AT in the Please Name Your AutoText Entry field. 5. Click OK. 6. Click anywhere in the text area to remove the highlighting. 7. Place the cursor between the period in the sentence you just typed and the paragraph marker (). 8. Press the spacebar twice to leave two blank spaces. 9. Type AT. 10.Press F3. 11. Your text should now read: "AutoText information is stored permanently. AutoText information is stored permanently." Note: Whenever you need the text, simply type the name and press F3. Spell Check Word checks your spelling and grammar as you type. Spelling errors display with a red wavy line under the word. Grammar errors display with a green wavy line under the error. If you want to spell check your entire document, press F7 and click the spelling icon , or choose Tools > Spelling and Grammar from the menu. If you want to spell check part of your document, highlight the area you want to spell check. Then press F7 and click the spelling icon , or choose Tools > Spelling and Grammar from the menu. Exercise 4
1. Type the following exactly as shown. Include all errors.

Open thr door for Mayrala. She is a teacher from the town of Ridgemont. 2. Highlight: "Open thr door for Mayrala. She is a teacher from the town of Ridgemont." 3. Press F7 or click the Spelling icon on the Standard toolbar. 4. "The" is misspelled, so it is highlighted on the screen and noted in the Not in Dictionary box.
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5. Word suggests correct spellings. These suggestions are found in the Suggestions box. 6. To change the word to the correct spelling, make sure "the" is highlighted in the Suggestions box. Click Change. Note: If the word is misspelled in several places in the document, click Change All to correct all misspellings. 7. The name "Mayrala" is not in the dictionary, but it is correct. Click Ignore Once to leave "Mayrala" in the document with its current spelling. Note: If a word appears in several places in the document, click Ignore All so you are not prompted to correct the spelling for each occurrence. 8. "Ridgemont" is not found in the dictionary. If you frequently use a word not found in the dictionary, you should add that word to the dictionary by pressing the Add to Dictionary button. Word will then recognize the word the next time it encounters it. Click Add to Dictionary. 9. The following should appear on your screen: "Word finished checking the selection. Do you want to continue checking the remainder of the document?" 10.Click No. If you wanted Word to spell-check the entire document, you would have clicked on Yes. Find and Replace If you need to find a particular word or piece of text, you can use the Find command. If you want to search the entire document, simply execute the Find command. If you want to limit your search to a selected area, highlight that area and then execute the Find command. After you have found the word or piece of text you are searching for, you can replace it with new text by executing the Replace command. Exercise 5 Find - Using the Menu
1. Type the following:

2.
3. 4.

5. 6.

Monica is from Easton. She lives on the east side of town. Her daughter attends Eastern High School. Highlight: "Monica is from Easton. She lives on the east side of town. Her daughter attends Eastern High School." Choose Edit > Find from the menu. Type east in the Find What field. Click Find Next. Note that the "East" in Easton is highlighted. Click Find Next. Note that "east" is highlighted.
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7. Click Find Next. Note that the "East" in Eastern is highlighted. 8. Click Find Next. The following message should appear: "Word has finished searching the selection. Do you want to search the remainder of the document?" 9. Click No. 10.Click Cancel. Alternate Method -- Find by Using Keys 1. Highlight: "Monica is from Easton. She lives on the east side of town. Her daughter attends Eastern High School." 2. Press Ctrl-f. 3. Follow steps 5 through 10 in the preceding section. Replace - Using the Menu 1. Highlight "Monica is from Easton. She lives on the east side of town. Her daughter attends Eastern High School." 2. Choose Edit > Replace from the menu. 3. Type "east" in the Find What box. 4. Click Find Next. Do not replace the "East" in "Easton." 5. Click Find Next. 6. In the Replace With box, type west. 7. Click Replace. Word replaces east with west. 8. The "East" in Eastern is highlighted. 9. Click Replace. Eastern becomes Western. 10.The following message will appear: "Word has finished searching the selection. Do you want to search the remainder of the document?" 11.Click No. 12.Click Close. 13.Your text should now read, "Monica is from Easton. She lives on the west side of town. Her daughter attends Western High School." Alternate Method -- Replace by Using Keys 1. Highlight "Monica is from Easton. She lives on the west side of town. Her daughter attends Western High School." 2. Press Ctrl-h. 3. Follow steps 4 through 13 in the preceding section, but type East in the Replace With box. Font Size

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In Microsoft Word, you can change the size of your font (text). The following exercise illustrates changing the font size. Change Font Size - Using the Menu
1. Type the following:

I am the smallest. I am a little bigger. I am the biggest. 2. Highlight "I am the smallest." 3. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 4. Choose the Font tab. 5. Type 8 in the Size field, or click 8 in the box below the Size field. 6. Click OK. 7. Highlight "I am a little bigger." 8. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 9. Choose the Font tab. 10. Type 14 in the Size field, or click 14 in the box below the Size field. 11.Click OK. 12.Highlight "I am the biggest." 13. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 14.Choose the Font tab. 15. Type 24 in the Size field, or click 24 in the box below the Size field. 16.Click OK. 17.Your text should now look similar to the following: "I am the smallest. I am a little bigger. I am the biggest." Alternate Method -- Change Font Size by Using the Toolbar

1. Highlight: "I am the smallest. I am a little bigger. I am the biggest." 2. Press Ctrl-spacebar to set the formatting back to the default. 3. Highlight "I am the smallest." 4. In the Font Size box on the toolbar, type 8. 5. Press Enter. 6. Highlight "I am a little bigger." 7. In the Font Size box on the toolbar, type 14. 8. Press Enter. 9. Highlight "I am the biggest." 10. In the Font Size box on the toolbar, type 24. 11.Press Enter. Fonts
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In Microsoft Word, you can change the font (the "family" of type you use for your text). This feature is illustrated in the following exercise: Change the Font - Using the Menu
1. Type the following:

Arial Courier Times New Roman 2. Highlight "Arial." 3. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 4. Choose the Font tab. 5. In the box below the Font field, click "Arial." 6. Click OK. 7. Highlight "Courier." 8. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 9. Choose the Font tab. 10.In the box below the Font field, click "Courier New." 11.Click OK. 12.Highlight "Times New Roman." 13. Choose Format > Font from the menu. 14.Choose the Font tab. 15.In the box below the Font field, click "Times New Roman." 16.Click OK. 17.Your text should now look similar to the following: "Arial Courier Times New Roman" Alternate Method -- Change the Font by Using the Formatting Toolbar

1. Highlight "Arial Courier Times New Roman." 2. Press Ctrl-spacebar. Ctrl-spacebar sets the formatting back to the default. 3. Highlight "Arial." 4. Click to open the Font pull-down menu on the Formatting toolbar. 5. Click "Arial." 6. Next, highlight "Courier." 7. Click to open the Font pull-down menu on the Formatting toolbar. 8. Click "Courier." 9. Next, highlight "Times New Roman." 10. Click to open the Font pull-down menu on the Formatting toolbar. 11.Click "Times New Roman."
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12.Your text should now look similar to the following: "Arial Courier Times New Roman" Save File Save your file by following these instructions:
1. Choose File > Save As from the menu.

2. Specify the correct folder in the Look In field. 3. Name your file by typing lesson4.doc in the File Name field. 4. Click Save. Note: This document will contain Lesson Three and Lesson Four. 5. Click File. 6. Highlight Exit. Press Enter.

Lesson 5: Working with Paragraphs Open Microsoft Word. In the lesson that follows, you will learn various ways to format a paragraph. When you are formatting a paragraph, you do not need to highlight the entire paragraph. Placing the cursor anywhere in the paragraph enables you to format it. After you set a paragraph format, subsequent paragraphs will have the same format unless you change their format. You will need text to work with to perform the exercises for this lesson, so type the following exactly as shown. End paragraphs where you see the end-of-paragraph marker (). Press Enter once to end the paragraph, but do not leave spaces between paragraphs. You will set the space between paragraphs during the exercise. Do not press Enter to move to a new line -- Microsoft Word automatically wraps at the end of a line.
Sample Paragraphs We will use this paragraph to illustrate several Microsoft Word features. It will be used to illustrate Space Before, Space After, and Line Spacing. Space Before tells Microsoft Word how much space to leave before the paragraph. Space After tells Microsoft Word how much space to leave after the paragraph. Line Spacing sets the space between lines within a paragraph. We will use this paragraph to illustrate some additional Microsoft Word features. It will be used to illustrate first-line indent. With first-line indent, you can indent the first line of your paragraph. We will also look at indentation. Indentation enables you to indent from the left or right margin of your document.

Space Before and Space After Space Before sets the amount of space before the paragraph. Space After sets the amount of space after the paragraph. Following are the sample paragraphs with Space
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After set to 12 pt. The exercises that follow give you a chance to see how Space Before and Space After work. Example -- Space After Sample Paragraphs We will use this paragraph to illustrate several Microsoft Word features. It will be used to illustrate Space Before, Space After, and line spacing. Space Before tells Microsoft Word how much space to leave before the paragraph. Space After tells Microsoft Word how much space to leave after the paragraph. Line Spacing sets the space between lines within a paragraph. We will use this paragraph to illustrate some additional Word features. It will be used to illustrate first-line indent. With first-line indent, you can indent the first line of your paragraph. We will also look at Indentation. Indentation enables you to indent from the left and/or right margins of your document. Exercise 1 Space Before Highlight the title of the sample text: "Sample Paragraphs."
1. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu.

2. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. 3. Enter 18 pt in the Before field. 4. Click OK. You now have 18 points before "Sample Paragraph." Space After 1. Highlight all of the text you typed (the title and both paragraphs): 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu. 3. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. 4. Enter 12 pt in the After field. 5. Click OK. You now have 12 points after each paragraph. Line Spacing Line Spacing sets the amount of space between lines within a paragraph. Single spacing is the default. The spacing for each line is set to accommodate the largest font on that line. If there are smaller fonts on the line, there will appear to be extra space between lines where the smaller fonts are located. At 1.5 lines, the Line Spacing is set to oneand-a-half times the single-space amount. For double-spaced lines, the line spacing is set to two times the single-space amount.
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Exercise 2 1. Highlight the first paragraph you typed, starting with "We will use" and ending with "within a paragraph." 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu. 3. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. 4. Click to open the drop-down menu on the Line Spacing field. 5. Click 1.5 Lines. 6. Click OK. Your line spacing for the paragraph is now 1.5. First-Line Indent This exercise demonstrates how you can indent the left side of the first line of your paragraph, as in the following example. Example -- First-line Indent The first-line indent feature indents the first line of the paragraph. The amount of the indent is specified in the By field. The remainder of the paragraph is indented by the amount specified in the Indentation field. Exercise 3 1. Highlight the second paragraph you typed, beginning with "We will use" and ending with "of your document." 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu. 3. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. 4. Click to open the drop-down menu on the Special field. 5. Click First Line. 6. Enter 0.25" in the By field. 7. Click OK. The first line of your paragraph is now indented .25 inches. Special Note: To remove the first line indent: 1. Place the cursor anywhere in the paragraph. 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu. 3. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. 4. Click in the Special pull-down menu; then Click None. 5. Click OK. Indentation

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Indentation allows you to indent your paragraph from the left or right margin. The following examples show different types of indentation. Example -- Indentation We will use this paragraph to illustrate several Word features. We will illustrate Space Before, Space After, and Line Spacing. Space Before tells Word how much space to leave before the paragraph. Space After tells Word how much space to leave after the paragraph. Line Spacing sets the space between lines within a paragraph. We will use this paragraph to illustrate some additional Word features. We will illustrate first-line indent. With first-line indent, you can indent the first line of your paragraph. We will also look at Indentation. Indentation enables you to indent from the left or right margins of your document. Exercise 4 1. Highlight the second paragraph, beginning with "We will use" and ending with " of your document " 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu. 3. Type 1" in the Left field. 4. Type 1" in the Right field. 5. Click OK. Your paragraph is now indented one inch from both the left and right margins, as in the example. Alignment Microsoft Word gives you a choice of several types of alignment. Left-justified text is aligned on the left side. It is the default setting. Example -- Left-Justified Sample Paragraph This is a sample paragraph. It is used to illustrate alignment. Left-justified text is aligned on the left. Right-justified text is aligned on the right. Centered text is centered between the left and right margins. You can use Center to center your titles. Justified text is flush on both sides. Right-justified text is aligned on the right side. Example -- Right-Justified Sample Paragraph
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This is a sample paragraph. It is used to illustrate alignment. Left-justified text is aligned on the left. Right-justified text is aligned with on the right. Centered text is centered between the left and right margins. You can use Center to center your titles. Justified text is flush on both sides. Centered text is centered between the left and right margins. Example -- Centered Sample Paragraph This is a sample paragraph. It is used to illustrate alignment. Left-justified text is aligned on the left. Right-justified text is aligned with on the right. Centered text is centered between the left and right margins. You can use Center to center your titles. Justified text is flush on both sides. Justified text is flush on both sides. Example -- Justified Sample Paragraph This is a sample paragraph. It is used to illustrate alignment. Left-justified text is aligned on the left. Right-justified text is aligned with on the right. Centered text is centered between the left and right margins. You can use Center to center your titles. Justified text is flush on both sides. The following exercises demonstrate how to justify text. Exercise 5 Right-Justify 1. Return to the first paragraph you typed, beginning with "We will use" and ending with "within a paragraph." Highlight the paragraph. 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu. 3. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. 4. Click to open the Alignment pull-down menu. 5. Click Right. 6. Click OK. The paragraph is now right-aligned. Left-Justify 1. Highlight the first paragraph you typed, beginning with "We will use" and ending with "within a paragraph." 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu.
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3. 4. 5. 6.

Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. Click to open the Alignment pull-down menu. Click Left. Click OK. The paragraph is now left-aligned.

Alternate Method -- Right-Justify by Using Keys 1. Highlight the text. 2. Press Ctrl-r. The paragraph is now right-aligned. Alternate Method -- Left-Justify by Using Keys 1. Highlight the text. 2. Press Ctrl-l. The paragraph is now left-aligned. Alternate Method -- Right-Justify by Using the Icon 1. Highlight the text. 2. Click the Align Right icon . The paragraph is now right-aligned.

Alternate Method -- Left-Justify by Using the Icon 1. Highlight the text. 2. Click the Align Left icon Center - Using the Menu 1. Highlight the first paragraph you typed, beginning with "We will use" and ending with "within a paragraph." 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu. 3. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. 4. Click to open the Alignment pull-down menu. 5. Click Centered. 6. Click OK. The paragraph is now centered. Justify - Using the Menu 1. Highlight the first paragraph you typed, beginning with "We will use" and ending with "within a paragraph." 2. Choose Format > Paragraph from the menu. 3. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab. 4. Click to open the Alignment pull-down menu. 5. Click Justified. 6. Click OK. The paragraph is now justified.
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. The paragraph is now left-aligned.

Alternate Method -- Justify and Center by Using Keys 1. Highlight the text. 2. Press Ctrl-e. The text is now centered. 3. Press Ctrl-j. The text is now justified. Alternate Method -- Justify and Center by Using the Icon 1. Highlight the text. 2. Click the Center icon
3. Click the Justify icon

. The text is now centered. . The text is now justified.

Save File and Exit Microsoft Word Save your file by following these instructions:
1. Choose File > Save As from the menu.

2. Specify the correct folder in the Save In field. 3. Name your file by typing lesson5.doc in the File Name field. 4. Click Save. 5. Choose File > Exit from the Menu. Lesson 6: Tab Key, Bulleting, Numbering, Undo, Redo, and Printing This lesson is on the Tab key, bulleting, numbering, undo, redo, printing, and help. To begin this lesson, open Microsoft Word. The Tab Key The default tab setting for Microsoft Word is .5 inches. When you press the Tab key, the cursor moves 1/2 inch across the page and an arrow appears on the screen. The arrow is a nonprinting character, when you print your document the arrow does not print. Illustration Press the Tab key a few times. Note how the cursor moves across the page. To change the default tab setting:
1. Choose Format > Tabs from the menu. The Tabs dialog box opens. 2. Enter 1" in the Default Tab Stops field.

3. Click OK. 4. Press the Tab key a few times. Note how the cursor moves across the page. The cursor stops at every inch.
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You can also set up custom tab stops. To set your tab stops to 1.5", 3.5", and 6":
1. Choose Format > Tabs from the menu. The Tabs dialog box opens. 2. Enter 1.5" in the Tab Stop Position field.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Click Set. Enter 3.5 in the Tab Stop Position field. Click Set. Enter 6 in the Tab Stop Position field. Click OK. Press the Tab key a few times. Note how the cursor moves across the page.

Bullets and Numbering In Microsoft Word, you can easily create bulleted or numbered lists of items. Several bulleting and numbering styles are available, as shown in the examples. You select the one you wish to use. Try the exercises to see how it works. Examples -- Numbering

Examples -- Bulleting

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Exercise 1
1. Type the following as shown.

2.
3.

4. 5. 6.

Apple Orange Grape Mango Cherry Highlight the words you just typed. Choose Format > Bullets and Numbering from the menu. Choose the Numbered tab. Several styles are available to you. Click the style you want to use. Click OK. Your list is now numbered.

To remove the numbering: 1. Highlight the list again. 2. Choose Format > Bullets and Numbering from the menu. 3. Click None. 4. Click OK. Your list is no longer numbered. Alternate Method -- Numbering by Using the Icon. 1. Highlight the list you typed. 2. Click the Numbering icon on the Formatting toolbar. Your list is now numbered. To remove the numbering: 1. Highlight the list again. 2. Click again on the Numbering icon Bulleting 1. Highlight the list you typed. 2. Choose Format > Bullets and Numbering from the menu. 3. Choose the Bulleted tab. 4. Several styles are available to you. Click the style you want to use. 5. Click OK. Your list is now bulleted.
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. Your list is no longer numbered.

To remove bulleting: 1. Highlight the list again. 2. Choose Format > Bullets and Numbering from the menu. 3. Click None. 4. Click OK. Your list is no longer bulleted. Alternate Method -- Bulleting by Using the Icon 1. Highlight the list you typed. 2. Click the Bullets icon on the Formatting toolbar. Your list is now bulleted. To remove the bulleting: 1. Highlight the list again. 2. Click the Bullets icon Undo & Redo You can quickly reverse most commands you execute by using Undo. If you then change your mind, you can use Redo. Exercise 2
1. Type Undo example. 2. Choose Edit > Undo Typing from the menu. The typing disappears. 3. Choose Edit > Redo Typing from the menu. The typing reappears.

again. Your list is no longer bulleted.

4. Highlight "Undo example." 5. Press Ctrl-b to bold. 6. Choose Edit > Undo Bold from the menu. The bolding is removed. 7. Choose Edit > Redo Bold from the menu. Your text is bolded. Alternate Method -- Undo & Redo by Using Keys
1. Type: Undo example.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Press Ctrl-z. The typing disappears. Press Ctrl-y. The typing reappears. Highlight ";Undo example." Press Ctrl-u to underline. Press Ctrl-z. The underline is removed. Press Ctrl-y. The underline reappears.

Save File Save your file by following these instructions:

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1. Choose File > Save As from the menu.

2. Specify the correct folder in the Look In field. 3. Name your file by typing lesson6.doc in the File Name field. 4. Click Save. Don't exit Microsoft Word. File Close Close your file by following these instructions. You are going to open a new file for the next exercise. Choose File > Close from the menu. Open New File
1. Choose File > New from the menu.

2. Click Blank Document in the New Document pane. 3. If you need to close the pane, click on the X in the upper right corner of the New Document Pane to close the pane. Printing After you have finished typing your document, you will want to print it. While preparing to print, you can specify the number of copies you want and the pages you want to print. Exercise 3 -- Print Your Document
1. Choose File > Print from the menu.

2. Click OK. Alternate Method - Printing by Using the Icon Click the Print icon on the Standard toolbar.

Lesson 7: Tables This lesson will teach you how to create tables. You use tables to format all or part of your document into columns and rows. Each exercise in this lesson is dependent on your having completed the exercise that preceded it. Complete the exercises in sequence. To begin this lesson, open Microsoft Word. Creating a Table To create a four-column, five-row table:

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1. Choose Table > Insert > Table from the menu. The Insert Table dialog box 2. 3.

4. 5.

opens. Type 4 in the Number of Columns field. Type 5 in the Number of Rows field. Select Auto in the Column Width field. Selecting Auto allows Microsoft Word to determine the size of your column widths. Alternatively, you can enter the column width you desire. Click OK. Your table should look like the one shown here, with four columns and five rows.

Alternate Method -- Creating a Table by Using the Insert Table Icon You can also create a table by clicking on the Insert Table icon on the Standard toolbar. 1. Click the Insert Table icon.

2. Highlight the number of rows and columns you need. The maximum table size you can create by this method is a four-row by five-column table.

3. Press Enter (or click) to create the table. Note: Microsoft Word has a Tables and Borders toolbar. This lesson does not cover the Tables and Borders toolbar. Moving Around a Table
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Each block in a table is called a cell. Use the Tab key to move from cell to cell from left to right. Use Shift-Tab to move from cell to cell from right to left. The following exercise demonstrates. 1. Click in the first cell in the first column. 2. Press the Tab key nine times. The cursor moves forward nine cells. 3. Press Shift-Tab six times. The cursor moves backward six cells. Note: You can also move to a cell by clicking in the cell. In addition, you can move around the table by using the left, right, up, and down arrow keys. Entering Text into a Table To enter text into a table, simply type as you normally would. Press Tab to move to the next cell. Enter the text shown below into your table.
1. Type Salesperson in the first cell in the first column. Press the Tab key. 2. Type Dolls in the first cell in the second column. Press the Tab key.

3. Continue until you have entered all of the text. Salesperson Kennedy, Sally White, Pete York, George Banks, Jennifer Dolls 1327 1421 2190 1201 Trucks 1423 3863 1278 2528 Puzzles 1193 2934 1928 1203

Selecting a Row and Bolding the Text You learned about bolding in Lesson Three. In this exercise, you will select the first row of the table and bold all of the text on the row. 1. Click anywhere on the first row of your table. 2. Choose Table > Select > Row from the menu. 3. Press Ctrl-b to bold the row. Right-Aligning Text You learned about alignment in Lesson Five. In this exercise, you will right-align the second (Dolls), third (Trucks), and fourth (Puzzles) columns of the table you created. 1. You need to highlight "Dolls," "Trucks," and "Puzzles." Place the cursor before the "D" in "Dolls." Press the F8 key to anchor the cursor. Then press the right arrow key until you have highlighted "Dolls," "Trucks," and "Puzzles." 2. Choose Table > Select > Column from the menu. 3. Press Ctrl-r to right-align the cells.
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Your table should look like the one shown here. Make any needed corrections before continuing.

Note: All of the formatting options you learned about in previous lessons can be applied to cells in a table. Adding a New Row to the End of the Table You can add additional rows to your table. The simplest way to add a new row is to move to the last column of the last row and press the Tab key. You can then type any additional text you need to add. 1. Move to the last column of the last row of your table. 2. Press the Tab key. 3. Type the text shown here. Atwater, Kelly 4098 Adding a Row within the Table You can add a new row anywhere in the table. The exercise that follows demonstrates. To add a row just above York, George: 1. Place the cursor anywhere in the fourth row (the row with York, George as the salesperson). 2. Choose Table > Insert > Rows Above from the menu. 3. Add the information shown here to the new row. Pillar, James 5214 Resizing the Columns
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3079

2067

3247

5467

You can easily change the size of your column widths. In this exercise, you will select the entire table and adjust all the column widths. 1. Click anywhere in your table. 2. Choose Table > Select > Table from the menu. Your table is selected. 3. Choose Table > Table Properties from the menu. 4. Choose the Column tab. 5. Type 1" in the Preferred Width field. This will cause Microsoft Word to set all the columns to a width of one inch. 6. Click OK. Depending on your font, the first column of your table might not be wide enough and the text might be wrapping.

To widen the first column: 1. Place the cursor anywhere in the first column. 2. Choose Table > Select > Column from the menu. 3. Choose Table > Table Properties from the menu. 4. Choose the Column tab. 5. Type 1.5 in the Preferred Width field. 6. Click OK. Alternate Method -- Resizing Your Column Widths by Using the Width Indicator You can resize your column widths by placing the cursor on the line that separates two columns. This causes the width indicator to appear. After the width indicator appears, left-click and drag with the mouse to adjust the column width.

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Adding a New Column to a Table You can add new columns to your table. To add a new column between the Salesperson and Dolls columns: 1. Place the cursor anywhere in the Dolls column. 2. Choose Table > Insert > Columns to the Left from the menu. 3. Label the new column Region and add the text shown in the table below. Salesperson Kennedy, Sally White, Pete Pillar, James York, George Banks, Jennifer Atwater, Kelly Sorting a Table With Microsoft Word, it is easy to sort the data in your table. To sort your table data by Region and within Region by Salesperson in ascending order: 1. Click anywhere on your table. 2. Choose Table > Sort from the menu. 3. Select Region in the Sort By field. 4. Select Text in the Type field (because you are sorting text). 5. Select Ascending. 6. Select Salesperson in the Then By field. 7. Select Text in the Type field (because you are sorting text). 8. Select Ascending. 9. Select Header Row (because your table has titles across the top of the table). 10.Click OK.
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Region S N N S S S

Dolls 1327 1421 5214 2190 1201 4098

Trucks 1423 3863 3247 1278 2528 3079

Puzzles 1193 2934 5467 1928 1203 2067

Microsoft Word should have sorted your table like the one shown here: Salesperson Pillar, James White, Pete Atwater, Kelly Banks, Jennifer Kennedy, Sally York, George Deleting a Column You can delete columns from your table. To delete the Trucks column: 1. Place your cursor anywhere in the Trucks column. 2. Choose Table > Delete> Columns from the menu. Deleting a Row You can delete rows from your table. To delete the York, George row: 1. Place your cursor anywhere in the York, George row. 2. Choose Table > Delete > Rows from the menu. Merge Cell Using Microsoft Word, you can merge cells -- turn two or more cells into one cell. In this exercise, you are going to create a new row at the top of your table, merge the cells, and add a title to the table. 1. Move to the cell located on the first row of the first column of your table (the Salesperson cell). 2. Choose Table > Insert > Rows Above from the menu. 3. Choose Table > Merge Cells from the menu. 4. Type Toy Sales in the new cell. 5. Press Ctrl-e to center the title. Table Headings If Microsoft Word splits your table with a page break, the table heading will display on the first page but not on subsequent pages. To correct this problem, you can designate rows as headings. Heading rows are repeated on the top of your table at the top of each page. To designate a row as a heading:
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Region N N S S S S

Dolls 5214 1421 4098 1201 1327 2190

Trucks 3247 3863 3079 2528 1423 1278

Puzzles 5467 2934 2067 1203 1193 1928

1. Place your cursor on the row. 2. Choose Table > Heading Rows Repeat from the menu. Converting Text to a Table You can convert text to a table; however, a delimiter such as a comma, paragraph marker, or tab must separate columns of text. In the exercise that follows, you will convert comma-delimited text into a table.
1. Type the following as shown (do not bold).

2.
3. 4.

5. 6. 7.

Color, Style, Item Blue, A980, Van Red, X023, Car Green, YL724, Truck Name, Age, Sex Bob, 23, M Linda, 46, F Tom, 29, M Highlight the text. Choose Table > Convert > Text to Table from the menu. Type 3 in the Number of Columns field. Select Auto in the Column Width field. Select the Commas radio button in the Separate Text At frame. Click OK.

Microsoft Word should have converted your text to a table and your table should look like the one shown here.

Splitting a Table With Microsoft Word, splitting a single table into two tables is easy. To separate the table you just created into two tables: 1. Place your cursor anywhere on the row that reads "Name, Age, Sex."
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2. Choose Table > Split Table from the menu.

You should now have two tables. Table AutoFormat You can use AutoFormats to apply borders, shading, special fonts, and color to your table. Microsoft Word lists all Formats in the Table AutoFormat dialog box. While in the Table AutoFormat dialog box, click a format to see that format displayed in the Preview box. You can customize how the format is applied. Check the features you want in the Formats to Apply and the Apply Special Formats To frames. Microsoft Word comes with a long list of AutoFormats. To apply an AutoFormat to your Name, Age, and Sex table: 1. Click anywhere in the table. 2. Choose Table > Table AutoFormat from the menu. 3. Click Table Colorful 1 in the Table Styles box. 4. Select Heading Rows and First Column in the Apply Special Formats To frame. Do not select Last Row and Last Column. 5. Click Apply. Your table should look like the one shown here.

Save File Save your file by following these instructions:

1. Choose File > Save As from the menu.

2. Specify the correct folder in the Look In field. 3. Name your file by typing lesson7.doc in the File Name field. 4. Click Save. 5. Choose File > Exit from the menu to close Microsoft Word
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MICROSOFT EXCEL
What is Microsoft Excel? Microsoft Excel is an Office Program designed by Microsoft Co-operation for simple arithmetic or calculations. E.g. Student Record, Basic Salary, Cost and Selling Price e.t.c. How to launch Microsoft Excel. 1. Click on start menu on the task bar 2. point on all programs 3. Click on Microsoft Office 4. Select Microsoft Excel 2003 SCREEN FEATURES OR LAYOUT OF MICROSOFT EXCEL Screen layout or feature simply means what user can easily see on the screen when launching the program. 1. The Title Bar

This lesson will familiarize you with the Microsoft Excel screen. You will start with the Title bar, which is located at the very top of the screen. On the Title bar, Microsoft Excel displays the name of the workbook you are currently using. At the top of your screen, you should see "Microsoft Excel - Book1" or a similar name. 2. The Menu Bar

The Menu bar is directly below the Title bar. The menu begins with the word File and continues with Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Data, Window, and Help. You use a menu to give instructions to the software. Point with your mouse to a menu option and click the left mouse button. A drop-down menu opens. You can now use the left and right arrow keys on your keyboard to move left and right across the Menu bar. You can use the up and down arrow keys to move up and down the dropdown menu. To choose an option, highlight the item on the drop-down menu and
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press Enter. An ellipse after a menu item signifies additional options; if you choose that option, a dialog box opens. Do the following exercise, which demonstrates using the Microsoft Excel menu bar. Point to the word File, which is located on the Menu bar. Click your left mouse button. Press the right arrow key until Help is highlighted. Press the left arrow key until Format is highlighted. Press the down arrow key until Style is highlighted. Press the up arrow key until Cells is highlighted. 6. Press Enter to choose the Cells menu option. 7. Point to Cancel and click the left mouse button to close the dialog box.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

When using Microsoft Excel, you can set an option to tell Microsoft Excel to always show full menus or to show only the most frequently and recently used options. All the lessons in this tutorial assume you have your menus set to Always Show Full Menus. To set your menu to display full menus: Point to the word Tools, which is located on the menu bar. Click your left mouse button. Press the down arrow until customize is highlighted. Press Enter. Choose the Options Tab by clicking on it. If Always Show Full Menus does not have a check mark in it, click in the Always Show Full Menus box. 7. Click Close to close the dialog box.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

3.

Toolbars

The Standard Toolbar

The Formatting Toolbar Toolbars provide shortcuts to menu commands. Toolbars are generally located just below the Menu bar. Before proceeding with this lesson, make sure the toolbars you will use -- Standard and Formatting -- are available. Follow the steps outlined here:
1. 2.

Point to View, which is located on the Menu bar. Click the left mouse button.
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3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

9.

Press the down arrow key until Toolbars is highlighted. Press the right arrow key. Both Standard and Formatting should have a check mark next to them. If both have a check mark next to them, press Esc two times to close the menu. If either does not have a check mark, press the down arrow key until Customize is highlighted. Press Enter. The Customize dialog box opens. Choose the Toolbars tab. Point to the box or boxes next to the unchecked word or words, Standard and/or Formatting, and click the left mouse button. A check mark should appear. Note: You turn the check mark on and off by clicking the left mouse button. Point to Close and click the left mouse button to close the dialog box.

4.

The Formula Bar Formula Bar If the Formula bar is turned on, the cell address displays in the Name box on the left side of the Formula bar. Cell entries display on the right side of the Formula bar. Before proceeding, make sure the Formula bar is turned on.
1. 2.

3.

4.

Point to View, which is located on the Menu bar. Click the left mouse button. A drop-down menu opens. On the drop-down menu, if Formula Bar has a check mark next to it, the Formula bar is turned on. Press the Esc key to close the drop-down menu. If Formula Bar does not have a check mark next to it, presses the down arrow key until Formula Bar is highlighted then press Enter. The Formula bar should now appear below the toolbars. Note that the current cell address displays on the left side of the Formula bar. Worksheets

5.

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Microsoft Excel consists of worksheets. Each worksheet contains columns and rows. The columns are lettered A to IV; the rows are numbered 1 to 65536. The combination of a column coordinate and a row coordinate make up a cell address. For example, the cell located in the upper left corner of the worksheet is cell A1, meaning column A, row 1. Cell E10 is located under column E on row 10. You enter your data into the cells on the worksheet. 6. The Status Bar

Status Bar If the Status bar is turned on, it appears at the very bottom of the screen. Before proceeding, make sure the Status bar is turned on.
1. 2. 3. 4.

Point to View, which is located on the Menu bar. Click the left mouse button. A drop-down menu opens. On the drop-down menu, if Status Bar has a check mark next to it, it is turned on. Press the Esc key to close the drop-down menu. If Status Bar does not have a check mark next to it, presses the down arrow key until Status Bar is highlighted then press Enter. The Status bar should now appear at the bottom of the screen. Notice the word "Ready" on the Status bar at the lower left side of the screen. The word "Ready" tells you that Excel is in the Ready mode and awaiting your next command. Other indicators appear on the Status bar in the lower right corner of the screen. Here are some examples: The Num Lock key is a toggle key. Pressing it turns the numeric keypad on and off. You can use the numeric keypad to enter numbers as if you were using a calculator. The letters "NUM" on the Status bar in the lower right corner of the screen indicate that the numeric keypad is on. Press the Num Lock key several times and note how the indicator located on the Status bar changes. The Caps Lock key is also a toggle key. Pressing it turns the caps function on and off. When the caps function is on, your entry appears in capital letters. Press the Cap Lock key several times and note how the indicator located on the Status bar changes.

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Other functions that appear on the Status bar are Scroll Lock and End. Scroll Lock and End are also toggle keys. Pressing the key toggles the function between on and off. Scroll Lock causes the movement keys to move the window without moving the cell pointer. End lets you jump around the screen. We will discuss both of these later in more detail. Make sure the Scroll Lock and End indicators are off and complete the following exercises. The Down Arrow Key You can use the down arrow key to move downward one cell at a time. Press the down arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves downward one cell at a time. The Up Arrow Key You can use the Up Arrow key to move upward one cell at a time. Press the up arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves upward one cell at a time. The Tab Key You can use the Tab key to move across the page to the right, one cell at a time.
1. 2. 3.

Move to cell A1. Press the Tab key several times. Note that the cursor moves to the right one cell at a time.

The Shift+Tab Keys You can hold down the Shift key and then press the Tab key to move to the left, one cell at a time.
1. 2.

Hold down the Shift-key and then press Tab. Note that the cursor moves to the left one cell at a time.

The Right and Left Arrow Keys You can use the right and left arrow keys to move right or left one cell at a time.
1.

Press the right arrow key several times.

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2. 3. 4.

Note that the cursor moves to the right. Press the left arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves to the left.

Page Up and Page Down The Page Up and Page Down keys move the cursor up and down one page at a time.
1. 2. 3. 4.

Press the Page Down key. Note that the cursor moves down one page. Press the Page Up key. Note that the cursor moves up one page.

The End Key

The Status Bar The End key, used in conjunction with the arrow keys, causes the cursor to move to the far end of the spreadsheet in the direction of the arrow.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Press the End key. Note that "END" appears on the Status bar in the lower right corner of the screen. Press the right arrow key. Note that the cursor moves to the farthest right area of the screen. Press the END key again. Press the down arrow key. Note that the cursor moves to the bottom of the screen. Press the End key again. Press the left arrow key. Note that the cursor moves to the farthest left area of the screen. Press the End key again.

10. Press the up arrow key. Note that the cursor moves to the top of the screen. Note: If you have entered data into the worksheet, the End key moves you to the end of the data area. The Home Key The Home key, used in conjunction with the End key, moves you to cell A1 -or to the beginning of the data area if you have entered data.
1.

Move the cursor to column J.

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2. 3. 4. 5.

Stay in column J and move the cursor to row 20. Press the End key. Press Home. You should now be in cell A1.

Moving Quickly Around the Worksheet The following are shortcuts for moving quickly from one cell to a cell in a different part of the worksheet. GO TO -- F5 The F5 function key is the "Go To" key. If you press the F5 key while in the Ready mode, you are prompted for the cell to which you wish to go. Enter the cell address, and the cursor jumps to that cell.
1. 2. 3.

Press F5. The Go To dialog box opens. Type J3. Press Enter. The cursor should move to cell J3.

GO TO -- CTRL-G You can also use Ctrl-G to go to a specific cell.

1. 2. 3.

Hold down the Ctrl key while you press "g" (Ctrl-g). The Go To dialog box opens. Type C4. Press Enter. You should now be in cell C4.

Name Box You can also use the Name box to go to a specific cell.

1.

Type B10 in the Name box

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Press Enter. Excel moves to cell D10 Selecting Cells

If you wish to perform a function on a group of cells, you must first select those cells by highlighting them. To highlight cells A1 to E1:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Place the cursor in cell A1. Press the F8 key. This anchors the cursor. Note that "EXT" appears on the Status bar in the lower right corner of the screen. You are in the Extend mode. Click in cell E7. Cells A1 to E7 should now be highlighted. Press Esc and click anywhere on the worksheet to clear the highlighting.

Alternative Method: Selecting Cells by Dragging You can also highlight an area by holding down the left mouse button and dragging the mouse over the area. In addition, you can select noncontiguous areas of the worksheet by doing the following:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Place the cursor in cell A1. Hold down the Ctrl key. Do not release it until you are told. Holding down the Ctrl key enables you to select noncontiguous areas of the worksheet. Press the left mouse button. While holding down the left mouse button, use the mouse to move from cell A1 to E7. Continue to hold down the Ctrl key, but release the left mouse button. Using the mouse, place the cursor in cell G8. Press the left mouse button. While holding down the left mouse button, move to cell I17. Release the left mouse button. Release the Ctrl key. Cells A1 to E7 and cells G8 to I17 are highlighted.
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10. Press Esc and click anywhere on the worksheet to remove the highlighting.

Entering Data In this lesson, you are going to learn how to enter data into your worksheet. First, you place the cursor in the cell in which you would like to enter data. Then you type the data and press Enter.
1. 2. 3. 4.

Place the cursor in cell A1. Type John Jordan. The Backspace key erases one character at a time. Erase "Jordan" by pressing the backspace key until Jordan is erased. Press Enter. The name "John" should appear in cell A1.

Editing a Cell After you enter data into a cell, you can edit it by pressing F2 while you are in the cell you wish to edit.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Press F2. Change "John" to "Jones." Use the backspace key to delete the "n" and the "h." Type nes. Press Enter.

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Alternate Method: Editing a Cell by Using the Formula Bar You can also edit the cell by using the Formula bar. You can change "Jones" to "Joker" as follows:
1. 2.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Click in the formula area of the Formula bar.

3. 4. 5.

Use the backspace key to erase the "s," "e," and "n." Type ker. Press Enter.

Alternate Method: Editing a Cell by Double-Clicking in the Cell You can change "Joker" to "Johnson" as follows:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Double-click in cell A1. Press the End key. Your cursor is now at the end of your text. Use the backspace to erase "r," "e," and "k." Type hnson. Press Enter.

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Changing a Cell Entry Typing in a cell while you are in the Ready mode replaces the old cell entry with the new information you type.
1. 2. 3.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Type Cathy. Press Enter. The name "Cathy" should replace "Johnson."

Wrapping Text When you enter text that is too long to fit in a cell into a cell, it overlaps the next cell. If you do not want it to overlap the next cell you can wrap the text.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Move to cell A2. Type Text too long to fit. Press Enter. Return to cell A2. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. Choose the Alignment tab. Click Wrap Text. Click OK. The text wraps.

Deleting a Cell Entry To delete an entry in a cell or a group of cells, you place the cursor in the cell or highlight the group of cells and press Delete.
1. 2.

Place the cursor in cell A2. Press the Delete key.

Entering Numbers as Labels or Values In Microsoft Excel, you can enter numbers as labels or as values. Labels are alphabetic, alphanumeric, or numeric text on which you do not perform mathematical calculations. Values are numeric text on which you perform mathematical calculations. If you have a numeric entry, such as an employee
98

number, on which you do not perform mathematical calculations, enter it as a label by typing a single quotation mark first. Enter a number:
1. 2. 3.

Move the cursor to cell B1. Type 100. Press Enter.

The number 100 appears in cell B1 as a numeric value. You can perform mathematical calculations using this cell entry. Note that by default the number is right-aligned. Enter a value:
1. 2. 3.

Move the cursor to cell C1. Type '100. Press Enter.

The number 100 appears in cell C1 as a label. Note that by default the cell entry is left-aligned and a green triangle appears in the upper left corner of the cell. Smart Tags When you make an entry that Microsoft Excel believes you may want to change, a smart tag appears. Smart tags give you the opportunity to make changes easily. Cells with smart tag in them appear with a green triangle in the upper left corner. When you place your cursor in the cell, the Trace Error icon appears. Click the Trace Error icon and options appear. When you made your entry in cell C1 in the previous section, a smart tag should have appeared. Move to cell C1. Click the Trace Error icon. An options list appears. You can convert the label to a number, obtain help, ignore the error etc.
1. 2.

Saving a File This is the end of Lesson1. To save your file:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Choose File > Save from the menu. Go to the directory in which you want to save your file. Type lesson1 in the File Name field. Click Save.

Closing Microsoft Excel

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Close Microsoft Excel.

1.

Choose File > Close from the menu.

Formatting Text And Performing Mathematical Calculations In this lesson, you are going to learn how to format text and perform basic mathematical calculations. To start, open a blank Microsoft Excel workbook. Choosing a Default Font Microsoft Excel enables you to choose a default font. The default font is the style of typeface that Excel will use unless you specify a different style. For the exercises in this lesson, you want your font to be set to Arial, Regular, and Size 10. To set your font to Arial, Regular, and Size 10: Choose Format > Cells from the menu. Choose the Font tab. In the Font box, choose Arial. In the Font Style box, choose Regular. In the Size box, choose 10. If there is no check mark in the Normal Font box, click to place a check mark there. Your selections are now the default. 7. Click OK.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Adjusting the Standard Column Width When you open Microsoft Excel, the width of each cell is set to a default width. This width is called the standard column width. You need to change the standard column width to complete your exercises. To make the change, follow these steps:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Choose Format > Column > Standard Width from the menu. The Standard Width dialog box opens. Type 25 in the Standard Column Width field. Click OK. The width of every cell on the worksheet should now be set to 25. Move to cell A1. Type Cathy. Press Enter. Cell Alignment

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The name "Cathy" is aligned with the left side of the cell. You can change the cell alignment. Centering by Using the Menu To center the name Cathy, follow these steps:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Alignment tab. Click to open the drop-down box associated with the Horizontal field. After the drop-down box is opened, click Center. Click OK to close the dialog box. The name "Cathy" is centered.

Right-Aligning by Using the Menu To right-align the name "Cathy," follow these steps:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Alignment tab. Click to open the drop-down box associated with the Horizontal field. After the drop-down box opens, click Right (Indent). Click OK to close the dialog box. The name "Cathy" is right-aligned.

Left-Aligning by Using the Menu To left-align the name "Cathy," follow these steps:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Alignment tab. Click to open the drop-down box associated with the Horizontal field. After the drop-down box opens, click Left (Indent). Click OK to close the dialog box. The name "Cathy" is left-aligned.

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Alternate Method: Alignment by Using the Formatting Toolbar Using the Formatting toolbar, you can quickly perform tasks. You can use the Formatting toolbar to change alignment. Centering by Using the Toolbar To center the name "Cathy," follow these steps:
1. 2.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Click the Center icon, which is located on the Formatting toolbar.

The red circle designates the Align Center icon. Right-Aligning by Using the Toolbar You can right-align the name "Cathy" by following these steps:
1. 2.

Move the cursor to cell A1. Click the Align Right icon, which is located on the Formatting toolbar.

The red circle designates the Align Right icon. Left-Aligning by Using the Toolbar You can left-align the name "Cathy" by following these steps: 1. 2. Move the cursor to cell A1. Click the Align Left icon, which is located on the Formatting toolbar.

The red circle designates the Align Left icon. Adding Bold, Underline, and Italic You can bold, underline, or italicize text in Microsoft Excel. You can also combine these features -- in other words, you can bold, underline, and italicize a single piece of text. In the exercises that follow, you will learn three different methods for bolding, italicizing, or underlining text in Microsoft Excel. You will learn to bold, italicize, and underline by using the menu, the icons, and the shortcut keys.
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Adding Bold by Using the Menu

1. 2.

Type Bold in cell A2. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Clicking on the check mark is similar to pressing Enter.

3. 4.

Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Font tab.

5. Click Bold in the Font Style box. 6. Click OK. The word "Bold" should now be bolded. Adding Italic by Using the Menu
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Type Italic in cell B2. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Clicking on the check mark is similar to pressing Enter. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Click Italic in the Font style box. Click OK. The word "Italic" is italicized.

Adding Underline by Using the Menu Microsoft Excel provides several types on underlines. The exercise that follows illustrates some of them. Single Underline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Type Underline in cell C2. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Clicking on the check mark is similar to pressing Enter. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Click to open the drop-down menu associated with the Underline box. Click Single. Click OK. The cell entry now has a single underline.

Double Underline Type Underline in cell D2. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar.
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Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Click to open the drop-down menu associated with the Underline field. Click Double. Click OK. The cell entry now has a double underline. Single Accounting
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Type Underline in cell E2. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box will open. Click to open the drop-down menu associated with the Underline field. Click Single Accounting. Click OK. The cell entry now has a single accounting underline.

Double Accounting
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Type Underline in cell F2. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box will open. Click to open the drop-down menu associated with the Underline field. Click Double Accounting. Click OK. The cell entry now has a double accounting underline.

Adding Bold, Underline, and Italic by Using the Menu

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Move the cursor to cell G3. Type All three. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Font tab. Click Bold Italic in the Font Style box. Click to open the drop-down menu associated with the Underline field. Then click Single. Click OK. The words "All three" are now bolded, italicized, and underlined.

Removing Bolding and Italics by Using the Menu

1. 2.

Highlight cells A2 to B2. Place your cursor in cell B2. Press the F8 key. Press the right arrow key once. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens.
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3. 4.

Click Regular in the Font style box. Click OK. Cell A2 is no longer be bolded. Cell B2 is no longer italized.

Removing an Underline by Using the Menu

1. 2. 3. 4.

Move to cell C2. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Click to open the drop-down menu associated with the Underline field. Then click None. Click OK. The underdelined is removed.

Alternate Method: Adding Bold by Using the Icon

1. 2.

Type Bold in cell A3. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar.

3. 4.

Click the Bold icon, which is on the Formatting toolbar. Click again on the Bold icon if you wish to remove the bolding.

Alternate Method: Adding Italic by Using the Icon

1. 2.

Type Italic in cell B3. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar.

3. 4.

Click the Italic icon, which is on the Formatting toolbar. Click again on the Italic icon if you wish to remove the italics.

Alternate Method: Adding Underline by Using the Icon

1. 2.

Type Underline in cell C3. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar.

3. 4.

Click the Underline icon, which is on the Formatting toolbar. Click again on the Underline icon if you wish to remove the underline.

Alternate Method: Adding Bold, Underline, and Italic by Using Icons

1.

Type All Three in cell D3.

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2. 3. 4. 5.

Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Click the Bold icon. Click the Italic icon. Click the Underline icon.

Alternate Method: Adding Bold by Using Shortcut Keys

1. 2. 3. 4.

Type Bold in cell A4. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Hold down the Ctrl key while pressing "b" (Ctrl-b). Press Ctrl-b again if you wish to remove the bolding.

Alternate Method: Adding Italic by Using Shortcut Keys

1. 2. 3. 4.

Type Italic in cell B4. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Hold down the Ctrl key while pressing "i" (Ctrl-i). Press Ctrl-i again if you wish to remove the italic formatting.

Alternate Method: Adding Underline by Using Shortcut Keys

1. 2. 3. 4.

Type Underline in cell C4. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Hold down the Ctrl key while pressing "u" (Ctrl-u). Press Ctrl-u again, if you wish to remove the underline.

Alternate Method: Adding Bold, Underline, and Italic by Using Shortcut Keys
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Type All three in cell D4. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Hold down the Ctrl key while pressing "b" (Ctrl-b). Hold down the Ctrl key while pressing "i" (Ctrl-i). Hold down the Ctrl key while pressing "u" (Ctrl-u).

Changing the Font, Font Size, and Font Color You can change the Font, Font Size, and Font Color of the data you enter. Changing the Font
1. 2. 3. 4.

Type Times New Roman in cell A5. Click the check mark located on the Formula bar. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Font tab. All of the Fonts listed in the Font box are available to you.
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5. 6.

Find and click Times New Roman in the Font box. Click OK. The font changes from Arial to Times New Roman.

Changing the Font Size

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Place the cursor in cell A5. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Font tab. Click 16 in the Size box. Click OK. The font size changes to 16.

Changing the Font Color

1. 2. 3.

Place the cursor in cell A5. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Font tab.

4. 5. 6.

Click to open the drop-down menu associated with the color Click Blue. Click OK. The font color changes to blue.

field.

Alternate Method: Changing the Font Color by Using the Icon

1. 2.

Place the cursor in cell A5. Click the down arrow next to the Font Color icon.

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3.

Click on Red. Your font color changes to red.

Working with Long Text Whenever you type text that is too long to fit into a cell, Microsoft Excel attempts to display all the text. It left-aligns the text regardless of the alignment that has been assigned to it, and it borrows space from the blank cells to the right. However, a long text entry will never write over cells that already contain entries -- instead, the cells that contain entries cuts off the long text. Do the following exercise to see how this works. Move the cursor to cell A6. Type Now is the time for all good men to go to the aid of their army. Press Enter. Everything that does not fit into cell A6 spills over into the adjacent cell. 4. Move the cursor to cell B6. 5. Type TEST. 6. Press Enter. The entry in cell A6 is cut off. 7. Move the cursor to cell A6. 8. Look at the Formula bar. The text is still in the cell.
1. 2. 3.

Changing a Single Column Width Earlier you increased the column width of every column on the worksheet. You can also increase individual column widths. If you increase the column width, you will be able to see the long text.
1. 2. 3. 4.

Make sure the cursor is anywhere under column A. Choose Format > Column > Width from the menu. The column width dialog box opens. Type 55 in the Column Width field. Click OK.

Column A is set to a width of 55. You should now be able to see all of the text. Alternate Method: Changing a Single Column Width by Dragging You can also change the column width with the cursor.
1.

Place the cursor on the line between the B and C column headings. The cursor should look like the one displayed here, with two arrows.

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2.

Move your mouse to the right while holding down the left mouse button. The width indicator appears on the screen.

3.

Release the left mouse button when the width indicator shows approximately 40.

Moving to a New Worksheet In Microsoft Excel, each workbook is made up of several worksheets. Before moving to the next topic, move to a new worksheet.
1.

Click Sheet2 in the lower left corner of the screen.

Setting the Enter Key Direction In Microsoft Excel, you can specify which direction the cursor moves when you press the Enter key. You can have the cursor move up, down, left, right, or not at all. You will now make sure the cursor is set to move down when you press the Enter key.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Choose Tools > Options from the menu. The Options dialog box opens. Choose the Edit tab. Make sure there is a check mark in the "Move Selection after Enter" box. If Down is not selected, click to open the Direction drop-down box. Click Down. Click OK.
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Making Numeric Entries In Microsoft Excel, you can enter numbers and mathematical formulas into cells. When a number is entered into a cell, you can perform mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. When entering a mathematical formula, precede the formula with an equal sign. Use the following to indicate the type of calculation you wish to perform: + Addition - Subtraction * Multiplication / Division ^ Exponential Performing Mathematical Calculations The following exercises demonstrate how to perform mathematical calculations. Addition Move your cursor to cell A1. Type 1. Press Enter. Type 1 in cell A2. Press Enter. Type =A1+A2 in cell A3. Press Enter. Cell A1 has been added to cell A2, and the result is shown in cell A3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Place the cursor in cell A3 and look at the Formula bar. Subtraction Press F5. The Go To dialog box opens. Type B1 in the Reference field.
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Press Enter. The cursor should move to cell B1. Type 5 in cell B1. Press Enter. Type 3 in cell B2. Press Enter. Type =+B1- B2 in cell B3. Press Enter. Cell B1 has been subtracted from B2, and the result is shown in cell B3.

Place the cursor in cell B3 and look at the Formula bar. Multiplication Hold down the Ctrl key while you press "g" (Ctrl-g). The Go To dialog box opens. Type C1 in the Reference field. Press Enter. You should now be in cell C1. Type 2 in cell C1. Press Enter. Type 3 in cell C2. Press Enter. Type =C1*C2 in cell C3. Press Enter. Cell C1 is multiplied by cell C2 and the result is displayed in cell C3.

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Place the cursor in cell C3 and look at the Formula bar. Division Press F5. Type D1 in the Reference field. Press Enter. You should now be in cell D1. Type 6 in cell D1. Press Enter. Type 3 in cell D2. Press Enter. Type =D1/D2 in cell D3. Press Enter. Cell D1 is divided by cell D2 and the result is displayed in cell D3.

Place the cursor in cell D3 and look at the Formula bar. The AutoSum Icon The AutoSum icon on the Standard toolbar automatically adds a column of numbers. The following illustrates the SUM function:
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Go to cell F1. Type 3. Press Enter. Type 3. Press Enter. Type 3. Press Enter. Click the AutoSum button, which is located on the Standard toolbar.

6. 7.

F1 to F3 should now be highlighted. Press Enter. Cells F1 through F3 are added.

Automatic Calculation If you have automatic calculation turned on, Microsoft Excel recalculates the worksheet as you change cell entries. You can check to make sure automatic calculation is turned on. Setting Automatic Calculation
1. 2. 3. 4.

Choose Tools > Options from the menu. Choose the Calculation tab. Select Automatic if it is not already selected. Click OK.

Trying Automatic Calculation Make the changes outlined below and note how Microsoft Excel automatically recalculates.
1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

Move to cell A1. Type 2. Press the Enter key. The results shown in cell A3 have changed. The number in cell A1 has been added to the number in cell A2 and the results display in cell A3. Move to cell B1. Type 6. Press the Enter key. The results shown in cell B3 have changed. The number in cell B1 has been subtracted from the number in cell B2 and the results display in cell B3. Move to cell C1. Type 4. Press the Enter key. The results shown in cell C3 have changed. The number in cell C1 has been multiplied by the number in cell C2 and the results display in cell C3.
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8. 9.

Move to cell D1. Type 12. Press the Enter key. The results shown in cell D3 have changed. The number in cell D1 has been divided by the number in cell D2 and the results display in cell D3.

Formatting Numbers You can format the numbers you enter into Microsoft Excel. You can add commas to separate thousands, specify the number of decimal places, place a dollar sign in front of the number, or display the number as a percent in addition to several other options.

Before formatting

After formatting
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Move the cursor to cell A5. Type 1234567. Press Enter. Move the cursor back to cell A5. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box will open. Choose the Number tab. Click Number in the Category box. Type 2 in the Decimal Places box. Place a check mark in the Use 1000 Separator box. Click OK. The number should now display with two decimal places. The thousands should now be separated by commas.

Adding a Dollar Sign to a Numeric Entry

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Move the cursor to cell A5. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Choose the Number tab. Click Currency in the Category box. Make sure there is a "$" in the Symbol box. Click OK. The number displays with a dollar sign.
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Alternate Method: Formatting Numbers by Using the Toolbar

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Move the cursor to cell A6. Type 1234567. Press Enter. Move the cursor back to cell A6. Click twice on the Increase Decimal icon to change the number format to two decimal places. Clicking on the Decrease Decimal icon decreases the decimal places. Click once on the Comma Style icon to add commas to the number. To change the number to a currency format, click Currency Style format. Move the cursor to cell A7. Type .35 (note the decimal point).

10. 11. 12.

Press Enter. Move the cursor back to cell A7. Click the Percent Style icon to turn .35 to a percent.

More Advanced Mathematical Calculations When you perform mathematical calculations in Microsoft Excel, be careful of precedence. Calculations are performed from left to right, with multiplication and division performed before addition and subtraction.
1. 2. 3. 4.

Move to a new worksheet by clicking on Sheet3 in the lower left corner of the screen. Go to cell A1. Type =3+3+12/2*4. Press Enter.
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Note: Microsoft Excel divided 12 by 2, multiplied the answer by 4, added 3, and then added another 3. The answer, 30, displays in cell A1. To change the order of calculation, use parentheses. Microsoft Excel calculates the information in parentheses first.
1. 2. 3.

Double-click in cell A1. Edit the cell to read =(3+3+12)/2*4. Press Enter.

Note: Microsoft Excel added 3 plus 3 plus 12, divided the answer by 2, and multiplied the result by 4. The answer, 36, displays in cell A1. Cell Addressing Microsoft Excel records cell addresses in formulas in three different ways, called absolute, relative, and mixed. The way a formula is recorded is important when you copy it. With relative cell addressing, when you copy a formula from one area of the worksheet to another, Microsoft Excel records the position of the cell relative to the cell that originally contained the formula. The following exercises demonstrate:
1. Go to cell A7. 2. Type 1. Press Enter. 3. Type 1. Press Enter. 4. Type 1. Press Enter. 5. Go to cell B7. 6. Type 2. Press Enter. 7. Type 2. Press Enter. 8. Type 2. Press Enter. 9. Go to cell A10.

In addition to typing a formula, as you did in Lesson 1, you can also enter formulas by using Point mode. When you are in Point mode, you can enter a formula either by clicking on a cell with your mouse or by using the arrow keys.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

You should be in cell A10. Type =. Use the up arrow key to move to cell A7. Type +. Use the up arrow key to move to cell A8. Type +.
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Use the up arrow key to move to cell A9. Press Enter. Look at the Formula bar while in cell A10. Note that the formula you entered is recorded in cell A10.
7. 8. 9.

Copying by Using the Menu You can copy entries from one cell to another cell. To copy the formula you just entered, follow these steps:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

You should be in cell A10. Choose Edit > Copy from the menu. Moving dotted lines appear around cell A10, indicating the cells to be copied. Press the Right Arrow key once to move to cell B10. Choose Edit > Paste from the menu. The formula in cell A10 is copied to cell B10. Press Esc to exit the Copy mode.

Compare the formula in cell A10 with the formula in cell B10 (while in the respective cell, look at the Formula bar). The formulas are the same except that the formula in cell A10 sums the entries in column A and the formula in cell B10 sums the entries in column B. The formula was copied in a relative fashion. Before proceeding with the next exercise, you must copy the information in cells A7 to B9 to cells C7 to D9. This time you will copy by using the Formatting toolbar. Copying by Using the Formatting Toolbar
1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Highlight cells A7 to B9. Place the cursor in cell A7. Press F8. Press the down arrow key twice. Press the right arrow key once. A7 to B9 should be highlighted. Click the Copy icon , which is located on the Formatting toolbar. Use the arrow key to move the cursor to cell C7. Click the Paste icon , which is located on the Formatting toolbar. Press Esc to exit Copy mode.

Absolute Cell Addressing An absolute cell address refers to the same cell, no matter where you copy the formula. You make a cell address an absolute cell address by placing a dollar sign in front of both the row and column identifiers. You can do this automatically by using the F4 key. To illustrate:
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1. Move the cursor to cell C10. 2. Type =. 3. Use the up arrow key to move to cell C7. 4. Press F4. Dollar signs should appear before the C 5. Type +. 6. Use the up arrow key to move to cell C8. 7. Press F4. 8. Type +. 9. Use the up arrow key to move to cell C9. 10. Press F4. 11. Press Enter. The formula is recorded in cell C10.

and before the 7.

Copying by Using the Keyboard Shortcut Now copy the formula from C10 to D10. This time, you will copy by using the keyboard shortcut.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Your cursor should be in cell C10. Hold down the Ctrl key while you press "c" (Ctrl-c). This copies the contents of cell C10. Press the right arrow once. Hold down the Ctrl key while you press "v" (Ctrl-v). This pastes the contents of cell C10 in cell D10. Press Esc to exit the Copy mode.

Compare the formula in cell C10 with the formula in cell D10. They are the same. The formula was copied in an absolute fashion. Both formulas sum column C. Mixed Cell Addressing You use mixed cell addressing to reference a cell that is part absolute and part relative. You can use the F4 key.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Move the cursor to cell E1. Type =. Press the up arrow key once. Press F4. Press F4 again. Note that the column is relative and the row is absolute. Press F4 again. Note that the column is absolute and the row is relative. Press Esc.

Deleting Columns You can delete columns from your spreadsheet. To delete columns C and D:
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1.

Click on column C and drag to column D.

2. 3.

Choose Edit > Delete from the menu. Column D is deleted. Click anywhere on the spreadsheet to remove your selection.

Deleting Rows You can delete rows from your spreadsheet. To delete rows 1 through 4:
1.

Click the row 1 and drag to row 4.

1. 2.

Choose Edit > Delete from the menu. Rows 1 through 4 are deleted. Click anywhere on the spreadsheet to remove your selection.

Inserting Columns There will be times when you will need to insert a column or columns into your spreadsheet. To insert a column:
1. 2. 3.

Click on A to select column A. Choose Insert > Columns from the menu. A column is inserted to the right of column A. Click anywhere on the spreadsheet to remove your selection.
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Inserting Rows

You can also insert rows into your spreadsheet:

1. 2. 3.

Click on 2 to select row 2. Choose Insert > Rows from the menu. A row is inserted above row 2. Click anywhere on the spreadsheet to remove your selection.

Creating Borders You can use borders to make entries on your spreadsheet stand out. Accountants usually place a single underline above a final number and a double underline below. The following illustrates:
1. 2. 3.

Go to cell B7. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. Choose the Border tab.

4.

In the Style box, click on the single underline.

5. 6. 7. 8.

Click the top of the Border box. In the Style box, click on the double underline. Click the bottom of the Border box. Click OK. Cell B7 now has a border.

Alternate Method: Creating Borders by Using the Icon

1.

Go to cell C7. Click the down arrow beside the Borders icon.

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2.

Select the Top and Double Bottom Border. Cell C7 now has borders.

Merge and Center You will sometimes want to center a piece of text over several columns. The following example shows you how.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Go to cell B1. Type Sample Spreadsheet. Click the check mark on the Formula bar. Select columns B1 to D1. on the formatting toolbar. Cells B1,

Click the Merge and Center icon C1, and D1 are merged and centered. Adding Background Color

You can add background color to a cell or group of cells:

1. 2. 3.

Go to cell B1. Choose Format > Cells from the menu. Choose the Patterns tab.

4. 5.

Choose Sky Blue. Click OK. The background of cell B1 is now Sky Blue.

Alternate Method: Adding Background Color by Using the Icon

1.

Select cells B7 to D7.

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2.

Click the down-arrow next to the Fill Color icon

3.

Select Pale Blue. The background of cells B7 to D7 is now Pale Blue.

Using Auto Format You can format your data manually or you can use one of Microsoft Excel's many AutoFormats.
1. 2. 3. 4.

Select cells B1 to D7. Choose Format > Auto Format from the menu. Several formats are listed from which you can choose. Choose the Accounting 2 format. Click OK. Your data is formatted in the Accounting 2 style.

Saving Your File To save your file:

1.

2.
3.

4.

Choose File>Save from the menu. Go to the directory in which you want to save your file. Type lesson2 in the File Name field. Click Save.

Closing Microsoft Excel This is the end of Lesson 2. Close Microsoft Excel.
1.

Choose File > Exit from the menu.

THE POWERPOINT
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You use PowerPoint to create effective slide show presentations. The PowerPoint screen has many elements. Title Bar The Title bar generally appears at the top of the screen. The Title bar displays the title of the current presentation. Menu Bar The Menu bar displays the menu. You use the menu to give instructions to PowerPoint. Standard and Formatting Toolbars PowerPoint has several toolbars. Toolbars provide shortcuts to menu commands. The most commonly used toolbars are the Standard and Formatting toolbars. You use the Standard toolbar to do such things as open a file; save a file; print a file; check spelling; cut, copy, and paste; undo and redo; or insert a chart or table. You use the Formatting toolbar to change the font, font size or font color; bold, underline, or italicize text; left align, right align, center, or justify; bullet or number lists; highlight; or decrease or increase the indent. Rulers Rulers are vertical and horizontal guides. You use them to determine where you want to place an object. They are marked in inches.

Placeholders Placeholders hold the objects in your slide. You use placeholders to hold text, clip art, and charts. Status Bar
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The Status bar generally appears at the bottom the screen. The Status bar displays the number of the slide that is currently displayed, the total number of slides, and the name of the design template in use or the name of the background. Outline Tab The Outline displays the text contained in your presentation. Slides Tab The Slides tab displays a thumbnail of all your slides. You click the thumbnail to view the slide in the Slide pane. View Buttons The View buttons appear near the bottom of the screen. You use the view buttons to change between Normal view, Slider Sorter view, and the Slide Show. Normal View Normal view splits you screen into three major sections: the Outline and Slides tabs, the Slide pane, and the Task pane. The Outline and Slides tabs are on the left side of your screen. They enable you to shift between two different ways of viewing your slides. The Slides tab shows thumbnails of your slides. The Outline tab shows the text on your slides. The Slide pane is located in the center of your screen. The Slide pane shows a large view of the slide on which you are currently working. The Task pane is located on the right side of your screen. The Tasks pane enables you to select the task you want to perform. Slide Sorter View Slide Sorter view enables you to view thumbnails of all your slides. In Slide Sorter view you can easily add, delete, or change the order of your slides. When you are in Slide Sorter view, a special Formatting toolbar appears. It has options that allow you to make changes to your slides . Slide Show Use the Slide Show view when you want to view your slides, as they will look in your final presentation. When in Slide Show view: Esc Leftclicking Returns you to the view you were using previously. Moves you to the next slide or animation effect. When you reach the last slide, you
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automatically return to your last view. Rightclicking Opens a pop-up menu. You can use this menu to navigate the slides, add speaker notes, select a pointer, and mark your presentation.

Drawing Toolbar The Drawing toolbar generally appears near the bottom of the screen. It contains tools for creating and editing graphics. Common Tasks Buttons Using the common tasks buttons, you can select the type of tasks you want to perform. Task Pane The Task pane enables you to select the specific task you want to perform. Vertical Splitter Bar You can click and drag the vertical splitter bar to change the size of your panes. Minimize Button You use the Minimize button to remove a window from view. While a window is minimized, its title appears on the taskbar. Maximize/Restore Button You use the Maximize button to cause a window to fill the screen. After you maximize a window, if you click the Restore button, the window returns to its former size. Close Button You use the Close button to exit the window and close the program.

Lesson 2: PowerPoint Overview

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When you start PowerPoint, PowerPoint displays the Title Slide in the Slide pane. You can type the title of your presentation and a subtitle on this side. To enter text on the Title Slide:

Click and type the title of your presentation in the "Click to add title" area. Click and type a subtitle in the "Click to add subtitle" area.

If you do not wish to use the Title Slide, choose Edit > Delete slide from the menu to delete it. Create New Slides After completing your title slide, you can create additional slides. To create a new slide: 1. Do one of the following: o Choose Insert > New Slide from the menu. o Click the New Slide button . o Press Ctrl-M. The Apply Slide Layout pane will appear on the right side of the screen. The Apply Slide Layout pane provides you with slide templates you can use when creating your PowerPoint presentation. There are four types of Text Layout templates. Title Slide - The Title Slide contains two text placeholders that you can use to display a title and a subtitle of your presentation. Title Only - The Title Only slide contains a single placeholder. You can use it to display a title. Title and Text - The Title and Text template provides a placeholder for a title and a placeholder for text. Title and 2 Column Text - The Title and Text template provides a placeholder for a title and two placeholders for text. 2. To select a layout, click the layout you want in the Apply Slide Layout pane. The layout will then appear in the Slide pane.

3. To add text, click inside the placeholder and type.

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4. To add an additional slide to your presentation do one of the following: o Right-click on the slide layout. A menu will appear. Choose Insert New Slide. o Click the down arrow next to the slide layout. A menu will appear). Choose Insert New Slide.

Change Your Slides After creating a slide, if you want to add text: 1. Place the cursor at the point at which you would like to add text. 2. Type the information you want to add. If you would like to change text: 1. Highlight the text you want to change. 2. Type the new text. You can use the backspace key to delete text. You can also delete text by highlighting the text and pressing the Delete key. Apply a Design Template Design templates provide attractive backgrounds for your PowerPoint slides. To apply a design template: 1. Do one of the following: o Choose Format > Slide Design from the menu. o Click the Slide Design icon . Design templates will appear on the right side of the screen. 2. To apply a design template to all of the slides in your presentation do one of the following: o Click on the design template. o Right-click on the template. A menu will appear. Choose Apply to All Slides. o Click on the down arrow next to the template. A menu will appear. Choose Apply to All Slides.

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Correct Spelling Using the PowerPoint spell checker, you can check the spelling in you PowerPoint documents. 1. To start spell check, do one of the following: o Choose Tools > Spelling from the menu. o Press F7. o Click the Spell Check icon. If there are possible spelling errors, the Spelling dialog box will open. Task Do not change spelling. Correct spelling. Procedure Click Ignore. 1. Click the correct spelling in the Suggestions box. 2. Click Change. Add to Dictionary. Word is Correct. Do not change document. Word is incorrect. Change entire document. Sorter View After you have created your PowerPoint slides, you can move, cut, copy, paste, duplicate, navigate, and view them in Sorter view. To view the slides in Sorter view, do one of the following:
o o

Click Add. Click Ignore All. Click Change All.

Choose View > Slide Sorter from the menu. Click the Slide Sorter View icon.
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Slide Sorter View Task Move to first slide. Move to last slide. Move to next slide. Move to previous slide. Select a slide. Open slide in Normal view. Select slides. Procedure Ctrl-Home Ctrl-End Right arrow Left arrow Single-click Double-click slide. Select a single slide: 1. Click the slide you want to select. Select multiple slides: 1. Hold down Ctrl key. 2. Click the slides you want to select. Delete a slide. 1. Select the slide or slides you want to delete. 2. Press the Delete key. 1. Select the slide or slides you want to delete.
2. Choose Edit > Delete Slide from

the menu.
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Slide Sorter View Task Copy a slide. Procedure 1. Select the slide.
2. Choose Edit > Copy from the

menu. 1. Select the slide. 2. Click the copy icon. 1. Select the slide. 2. Press Ctrl-C. Paste a slide 1. Select the slide after which you want the new slide or slides to appear.
2. Choose Edit > Paste from the

menu. 1. Select the slide after which you want the new slide or slides to appear. 2. Click the paste icon. 1. Select the slide after which you want the new slide or slides to appear. 2. Press Ctrl-V. Cut a slide 1. Select the slide or slides you want to cut.
2. Choose Edit > Cut from the

menu. 1. Select the slide or slides you want to cut. 2. Click the Cut icon. 1. Select the slide or slides you want
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Slide Sorter View Task Procedure to cut. 2. Press Ctrl-X. Move a slide 1. Select the slide or slides you want to move. 2. Drag to the new location. Duplicate a slide 1. Select the slide or slides you want to duplicate.
2. Choose Edit > Duplicate from the

menu. 1. Select the slide or slides you want to duplicate. 2. Press Ctrl- D. Run Your PowerPoint Slide Show Once you have created your slides, you can run your Slide Show: 1. Do any one of the following: o Press F5. o Choose Slide Show > View Show from the menu. o Click the Slide Show icon , which is located in the bottom left corner of your screen. Your slideshow will appear on your screen. Navigating the Slideshow Task Go to the next slide. Procedure Do one of the following:

Press the Right Arrow key. Press the Enter key. Press the Page Down key.

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Left-click

Go to the previous slide.

Do one of the following:

Press the Left Arrow key. Press the Backspace key. Press the Page Up key.

Print Your Slides PowerPoint provides you with many printing options. You can print a large view of your slides or you can print your slides as handouts with 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 9 slides per page. You can also print your Notes pages or the Outline view of your slides. To print:
1. Choose File >Print Preview from the menu. The Print Preview area will open.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Click the down arrow next to the Print What field. Select what you would like to print. Click the Print icon. The Print dialog box will open. Select whether you want your slides to print in color, grayscale, or black and white. If you are using a black and white printer, choose black and white. You will use less ink or toner. 6. Check whether you want your slides to print vertically or horizontally. Lesson 3: Creating Your First PowerPoint Presentation The following exercise steps you through creating your first PowerPoint presentation. Create a Title Slide 1. Open PowerPoint. 2. Choose Blank Presentation on the Task pane. You will be presented with a Title slide.

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3. Enter the information shown here. Type College Scholarships and Financial Aid in the Click to Add Title text box. Type Paying for College in the Click to Add Subtitle text box.

Insert a New Slide

1. Click the New Slide icon

2. Click the Title and Text icon.

3. Enter the information shown here. Type Here is what to do: in the Click to Add Title area. Type the bulleted text in the Click to Add Text area.

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Create a Hierarchy
1. Insert a new slide. Right-click the Title and Text icon. A context menu will

appear. Choose Insert New Slide from the context menu.

2. Enter the information shown here. Click the Increase Indent icon

to indent the bullets for Stafford Loans and PLUS Loans. If you ever need to decrease an indent, use the decrease indent icon .

Use Two-Column Text

1. Right-click the Title and 2 Column Text icon. A context menu will appear.

Choose Insert New Slide. 2. Enter the information shown here. Type the information in the appropriate column.

Apply a Design Template

1. Click the design icon

. Design templates will appear on the left side of

the screen. 2. Scroll down to view the design templates. 3. Right-click the design template you want to apply. A context menu will appear. Choose Apply to All Slides. We used the Lock and Key design template.
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Outline and Slides Tab 1. Use the Slides tab to view thumbnails of your slide.

2. Click the Outline tab to view the text of your presentation as an outline.

Slide Sorter View

1. Choose View > Slide Sorter from the menu to move to Slide Sorter view.

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2. Double-click a slide to return to Normal view. Run Your Slide Show 1. Press F5 to run the Slide Show. 2. Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move forward and backward through your slides. 3. Use the Esc key to return to Normal view. Print Your Outline
1. Choose File > Print Preview from the menu.

2. Click the down arrow next to the Print What icon.

3. Select Outline view.

4. Click the Print icon. 5. Click Close. Print Your Slides

1. Choose File > Print Preview from the menu.

2. Click the down arrow next to the Print What icon. 3. Select the slides you want to print. 4. Click the down arrow next to Options. A menu will appear. 5. Choose Color/Grayscale > Pure Black and White. 6. Click the Print icon. 7. Click Close.
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Print Your Slides as a Handout

1. Choose File > Print Preview from the menu.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Click the down-arrow next to the Print What icon. Select Handouts (2 Slides Per Page). Click the Print icon. Click Close.

COREL DRAW
Corel Draw is a graphic Application used for design e.g. i.d cards, I V cards, calendars e.t.c

Printable area

CorelDraw: Basic Toolbox

What is an object?

In CorelDraw, an object is any item you create or import into your document. It may be a rectangle, a circle, text, a photograph. All work in CorelDraw is done through selecting an object. Various effects can be applied to an object depending on the type of object and the tool you have selected. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.webreference.com/graphics/corel101/4/art/S04L01T01.gif" \*

MERGEFORMAT Pick Tool Selection 137

Choose the Pick Tool from the Toolbox and click on the rectangle. Note the 8 square "handles" that surround the square. These handles indicate that the object is active. You can resize the rectangle proportionately by clicking and dragging on the corner handles. The side handles resize only in one direction.

Move Object Click and drag anywhere on a filled object, or on the outline of an object that has no fill to move. Release mouse button when object is in desired position. Clicks anywhere off the rectangle to deselect.

Rotate Object Double click on the rectangle. Note how the handles change to double-ended arrows. This indicates that the object can be rotated or skewed. Click and drag on corner handles to rotate. Press the CTRL key while you rotate to constrain the rotation to 15 degree increments. Note the target-like icon in the middle of the rectangle when the rotate selection is active. Click and drag this icon to change the point of rotation. Click off the rectangle to deselect.

Skew Object Double click on the rectangle and the double-ended selection arrows will appear. Click and drag on one of the side handles to skew the rectangle. Release mouse button when desired effect is created.

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Shape Tool Selection Draw a new rectangle. Choose the Shape Tool from the Toolbox and click on the rectangle. Note the selection now appears as four corner handles and dotted lines. This indicates that the object is active with the Shape Tool. Click and drag on one of the corner handles. Note how the corners become round. The Shape Tool and Pick Tool have very different functions with objects.

Node Selection Choose the Freehand Tool from the Toolbox. Click and drag to create a curved line. Release the mouse button. Choose the Shape Tool. There should be three or four blank squares along the line. These are nodes, and can be moved individually. Click on a node. Note how it becomes black, indicating that this node is active. The dotted lines coming from the node control the shape of the line (see next step). Drag the selected node a short way. Note how the line shape changes.

Controlling Curves Click and drag the handle at the end of the dotted line coming from the node. This is a control point. As you drag the control point, note how the shape of the line changes. The blue line in the sample above shows the progression of the line shape as you drag the control point. Release the mouse when you have the shape you desire.

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Pick Tool Overview

Choose the Pick Tool Click on the Pick Tool in the Toolbox. The Pick Tool is the main selection tool in CorelDraw. When using any other tool, you can change to the Pick Tool by pressing your keyboard spacebar (CTRL spacebar when using the Text tool in Edit Mode).

Resize Object with Pick Tool Draw a rectangle and fill with any color. Click and drag on the corner handles to change the size of the rectangle proportionately. Click and drag handles in the middle of any side to change the size of the rectangle in that direction only.

Move Object with Pick Tool Click and drag anywhere the rectangle to move. The outline of the object will follow the mouse on the screen for easy positioning. Release mouse button when object is in desired position.

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Status and Property Bar Features As you move or otherwise transform your objects, pay attention to the property bar above your workspace. In the sample above, note the % value which represents transformation as you are resizing an object. As soon as you release your mouse button, this value returns to 100%. It is excellent practice to pay attention to this information, as you will learn to use it for fast, precise positioning and resizing work.

Resize Text with Pick Tool Choose the Text Tool from the Toolbox. Type the word "Sample." Choose the Pick Tool. Click and drag on the bottom right corner handle to increase the size of the text. Note the Property Bar as you resize the text. The Object Size, Position and Scale Factor changes, but toward the right end of the Property Bar, the Font Size changes as well. You can also change text size with the Text Tool.

Shape Tool Overview

Choose the Shape Tool Click on the Shape Tool in the Toolbox Advanced Shape Tool Features Click on the triangle at the bottom right corner of the Shape Tool to open the Shape Edit Features popup. This menu offers advanced functions that will not be covered in this basic tutorials, but you should be familiar with the location of all tools in the Toolbox. The tools in the menu are Shape Tool (default), Knife Tool, Eraser Tool and Free Transform Tool.

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Select Nodes with Shape Tool The Shape Tool works with Nodes within objects. Selected Nodes are shown filled with black. You can select more than one node by holding down your Shift Key as you select the second, third, etc. Or, marquee (click and drag) select over the nodes you wish to select.

Shape Tool with Text Select the Text Tool and Type "Move." Select the Shape Tool. Select the "e" by clicking in the square to the lower left of the letter. The square will now be filled with black. Click and drag on the square to move the letter. You can use your CTRL key as you move to constrain the move along the text baseline. You can also change the size, color and many other properties of individual letters by selecting with the Shape Tool.

Zoom Tool Overview

Choose the Zoom Tool Click on the Zoom Tool in the Toolbox. The Zoom Tool controls the view on your workspace and is one tool you should learn well. In CorelDraw, much of your work will toggle between close-up work and working with the entire design. Time spent learning to navigate zoom options will be repaid many times over as you work.

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Mouse Zoom In Place any object on your screen. Choose the Zoom Tool and click on the object with your left mouse button. The object will zoom in. Repeat to zoom closer. Where you click will become the center of the screen when zoomed.

Mouse Zoom Out Click on the screen with your right mouse button. Note how the cursor icon changes from + to -. Click again to repeat. Mouse zoom out will return you to your previous view. Marquee Zoom Click and drag your mouse over the area of the document you would like to have fill the screen. Marquee selected zoom is usually much faster when you need to work on sections of your document and require a close view.

Zoom Property Bar Select Zoom Tool. Note the Property Bar above your workspace. These tools provide one click access to the following (from left to right): Zoom Tool, Pan Tool (see step 7), Zoom In, Zoom Out, Display actual size, Zoom to Selected object, Zoom to All Objects, Zoom to Page, Zoom to Page Width, Zoom to Page Height, View Manager Docker window.

Drop Down View Selection Locate the Zoom Levels fly-out box just below the Main Menu. This selection provides fast access to preset Zoom Levels. Click on the triangle to expand selection list and click on desired view level. 143

Hand Pan Tool Click on the triangle at the bottom right corner of the Zoom Tool to choose the Pan Tool. You can also click on the Pan Tool icon in the Property Bar. Click and drag anywhere on your workspace. The Pan Tool will move your document in the screen allowing you to scroll or position any portion of the document. This only affects the view, not any positioning of your objects.

Freehand Tool Overview

Draw Curved Line Choose Freehand Tool. Click and drag to draw the shape you desire. You can release the mouse button and still continue with the same object, by clicking close the the last node in the section you have just completed. The new line will automatically join to the end of the last one.

Draw Straight Line Click and release your mouse button to place the initial node for your line. Move your cursor to the desired end for your line. Click the mouse to place the end node.

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Create Closed Shapes: Part 1 Choose Freehand Tool. Click and drag in an approximate circular shape, but do not bring the end all the way to the starting point as in the top sample above. Click a color in the color palette at the right edge of the screen. This should fill your object with color, but since the ends are not closed, the fill does not show. Look at the bottom right of your screen to note that the color status area shows that the object is filled.

Create Closed Shapes: Part 2 Click on the Auto-Close button in the Property Bar above your workspaceYour object should fill as the end points are joined.

Change Outline Find the Outline section of the Property Bar above your workspace. Click on the fly-outs to select desired outline size or style.

Freehand Tool Fly-out Click on the triangle in the bottom right corner of the Freehand Tool to open the fly-out tool options. This presents other freehand tools, but all are outside the scope of this basic tutorial.

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Rectangle Tool Overview

Choose Rectangle Tool Choose Rectangle Tool from the Toolbox.

Create Rectangle Choose Rectangle Tool. Click and drag to create rectangle of the shape and size you desire.

Create Square Choose Rectangle Tool. Click and drag with the CTRL key pressed down to constrain the rectangle to a square. You can also hold down the SHIFT key to have the rectangle drawn from the center out, rather than the top left corner, or use both the CTRL key and the SHIFT key together to create a square drawn from the center.

146

Create Rounded Corners Draw a rectangle. Choose the Shape Tool. Click and drag on any corner handle to shape the corners. Release mouse when you achieve the desired corner roundness.

Ellipse Tool Overview

Choose Ellipse Tool Choose Ellipse Tool from the Toolbox.

Create Ellipse Choose Ellipse Tool. Click and drag to create ellipse of the shape and size you desire.

Create Circle Choose Ellipse Tool. Click and drag with the CTRL key pressed down to constrain the ellipse to a circle. You can also hold down the SHIFT key to have the ellipse drawn from the center out, rather than the top left corner, or use both the CTRL key and the SHIFT key together to create a circle drawn from the center.

147

Ellipse Tool Property Bar Choose the Ellipse Tool and draw a circle. Make sure the circle is selected and locate the ellipse controls above the work screen. From left to right the tools are: Ellipse, Pie, Arc, Starting and Ending Angles and Clockwise/Counterclockwise Arcs or Pies.

Create a Pie Shaped Graphic Draw or select an ellipse. Fill with any color. Click on the Pie icon. Change the value in the Starting Angle to 45 and in the ending angle to 325. You should have the same results as the left sample above. Duplicate your ellipse and click on the Clockwise/Counterclockwise icon to reverse the pie shaping. Fill with a different color. The new pie will fit perfectly into the original.

Create an Arc Draw or select an ellipse. Click on the Arc icon. Change the value in the Starting Angle to 40 and in the ending angle to 295. You should have the same results as the left sample above. Duplicate your arc and click on the Clockwise/Counterclockwise icon to reverse the arc shaping. The new arc (right above) will fit perfectly into the open space of the original.

Spiral Tool Overview

Choose Spiral Tool Choose the Spiral Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Polygon or Graph Paper Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Spiral Tool.

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Draw a Symmetrical Spiral Choose Spiral Tool. Choose number of revolutions for your spiral from the Property bar above the workspace. Click on the Symmetrical icon. (A symmetrical spiral has equal distance between spiral revolutions.) Click and drag on the workspace to create spiral of desired size. Hold your CTRL key down as you drag to create a spiral with a circular shape. Hold your SHIFT key down to have the spiral drawn from the center.

Draw a Logarithmic Spiral Choose Spiral Tool. Choose number of revolutions for your spiral from the Property Bar. Click on the Logarithmic icon. (A logarithmic spiral increases the spacing on each revolution.) Choose the Spiral Extension Factor from the Property Bar. A lower number reduces space difference between revolutions. Click and drag on the workspace to create spiral of desired size. Hold your CTRL key down as you drag to create a spiral with a circular shape. Hold your SHIFT key down to draw spiral from the center.

Polygon Tool Overview

Choose Polygon Tool Choose the Polygon Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Spiral or Graph Paper Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Polygon Tool.

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Create Polygon Choose Polygon Tool. Click and drag on the workspace to create a polygon of the size and shape desired. Locate Number of Points on Polygon button on the Property Bar. Increase or decrease number as desired. The changes in point numbers are instantly reflected on your object.

Create Star Choose Polygon Tool. Click on the Polygon/Star button in the Property Bar (highlighted with yellow rectangle). Click and drag on the workspace to create a star of the size and shape desired. Locate Number of Points on Polygon button on the Property Bar. Increase or decrease number as desired. The changes in point numbers are instantly reflected on your star.

Graph Paper Tool Overview

Choose Graph Paper Tool Choose the Graph Paper Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Spiral or Polygon Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Graph Paper Tool.

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Create a Grid Choose the Graph Paper Tool. Determine the number of columns and rows you require for your grid and enter number in the Graph Paper Column and Rows box in the Property Bar. Click and drag to create a grid of the size and shape you desire.

Color the Grid Choose the Pick Tool from the Toolbox. Click anywhere on the grid to select. Click on any color in the color palette to fill the grid with one solid color.

Color One Cell The grid is created from several small rectangles grouped together. To fill one cell, choose the Pick Tool and, with the CTRL key pressed, click on the cell. Note how only one cell is selected. Click on any color in the color palette to fill the cell.

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Filling objects with color in CorelDraw

To fill any object with color, drag a color swatch from the color palette to the object.

Dragging a color swatch to an object

The object filled with color

To change the fill color of a selected object, click a color swatch. To change the outline color of a selected object, right-click a color swatch. To choose from a range of different shades of a color, click and hold a color swatch to display a pop-up color picker, and then click a color.

A pop-up color picker

To remove the fill, click the No Fill button

at the top of the color palette.

To expand the color palette, click the flyout arrow at the bottom of the palette.

To access the color palettes, click Window > Color Palettes. 152

Alternatively, you can fill objects by using the Eyedropper tool together with the Paintbucket tool , the Fill tool , the Interactive Fill tool , or the Interactive Mesh Fill tool . You can also fill object overlaps by using the Smart Fill tool . For more information about these tools, see the CorelDRAW Help menu. Using the Interactive fill, Eyedropper, and Paintbucket tools in CorelDRAW The Interactive fill tool lets you apply fountain (gradient), texture, and pattern fills to objects in a drawing. You can edit the fill you've applied interactively and view the result of your edits as you apply them. In CorelDRAW 12, the Eyedropper and Paintbucket tools have been dramatically improved to make your work easier. In addition to sampling and applying colors, you can now use these tools to copy:

complex fills outline properties text formatting effects (extrusions, drop shadows, envelopes, and more) transformations (rotating, moving, sizing) applied to objects

To apply and edit a fill by using the Interactive fill tool In this procedure, you will apply a fountain fill to a polygon and edit the fill interactively. You will then apply a simple distortion effect to the polygon to create a flower, change the object's outline, and then add colors to the fountain fill. 1. Open the Object flyout to draw a polygon. 2. Open the Interactive fill flyout , click the Polygon tool , and drag in the drawing window .

, and click the Interactive fill tool

3. Choose Linear from the Fill type list box on the property bar. The fill appears in the drawing window together with the interactive vector handles that let you change the fill properties. 4. To edit the fill, do the following:

From the onscreen color palette, drag color swatches to the start and end vector handles. In the example below, we dragged a yellow swatch to the start vector handle and a red color swatch to the end vector handle.

To change the direction of the fill, drag the vector handles. In the example below, we moved the start handle to the top corner of the polygon, and the end vector handle to the polygon's base to create the effect of a light source from above. 153

Move the slider to change the midpoint of the fill. The midpoint is the imaginary line where two colors in a fountain fill converge. In the example below, we just moved slightly the slider towards the red vector handle to increase the amount of orange in the fill.

5. Open the Interactive tool flyout tool

, and click the Interactive distortion

. On the property bar, choose Push-pull 2 from the Preset list box.

6. To create a more suitable outline for the flower, click the object using the Pick tool, and do the following:

On the property bar, choose 8.0 pt from the Outline width box. To change the outline color to yellow, right-click the yellow color swatch on the onscreen color palette.

7. You can edit a fill interactively even after you've applied an effect and changed the outline of an object. Click the Interactive fill tool , and drag any color swatch to any point on the vector arrow to add more colors. If you make a mistake and want to remove a color, right-click the color handle. In the example below, we dragged the magenta color swatch to the middle of the vector arrow to create a richer fill. 154

To copy fills, outlines, and effects by using the Eyedropper and Paintbucket tools Next, you'll copy the fill, outline and the distortion effect that you created in the previous procedure, and then you'll apply them to another polygon. 1. Using the Polygon tool, drag in the drawing window to create another polygon. On the property bar, type 8 in the Number of points on polygon list box.

2. Open the Eyedropper flyout , and click the Eyedropper tool The Eyedropper and Paintbucket tool property bar appears.

3. On the property bar, choose Object attributes from the list box.

4. Click the Properties flyout, enable the Fill and Outline check boxes, and click OK. 5. Click the Effects flyout, enable the Distortion check box, and click OK. 6. Click the flower in the drawing window to copy the fill, outline, and the distortion effect. 7. Open the Eyedropper flyout , and click the Paintbucket tool 8. Click the polygon to apply the object attributes you copied in step 6. .

Fill Tool Overview

Understanding Fill Types The background square contains a bitmap fill; the circle, a graduated radial fill; the rectangle, a solid color fill; the star a texture fill and the text a linear fountain fill. These are basic applications of each fill type, and each is covered in a step-by-step process in this series.

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Solid Fill Overview Uniform or solid fills are the most basic CorelDraw fill. Select an object with the Pick Tool (create one if necessary). Click in the color palette with an object selected to fill. You can also use the Uniform Fill dialog or click and drag a color from the color palette.

Fountain Fill Overview The illustration to the left shows the four basic types of fountain fills. The top row features a linear and a radial fountain fill. The bottom row contains conical and square fountain fills. The fills to the left are accomplished by selecting an object with the Pick Tool, clicking on the Fill Tool to open the fly-out. Click on the second icon to open the Fountain Fill window.

Bitmap Fill Overview Bitmap fills put pictures inside your objects. The text and oval to the left contain bitmap fills, the light star has a preset 2 color pattern fill and the dark star a preset full color pattern fill. These fills are accomplished by selecting an object with the Pick Tool, clicking on the Fill Tool to open the fly-out. Click on the third icon to open the Bitmap Fill window.

Texture Fill Texture Fill puts the power of a texture editor at your fingertips. Hundreds of preset textures can be 156

edited both randomly and through precise settings, resulting in millions of possible texture fills. Texture fills are accomplished by selecting an object with the Pick Tool, clicking on the Fill Tool to open the fly-out. Click on the forth icon to open the Texture Fill window.

Remove Fill Select object with the Pick Tool. Click on the "No Color" well in the color palette. Or, click on the Fill Tool in the Toolbox and chose the X icon. Both methods will remove the fill for that object.

Fountain Fill Window

Linear Fountain Fills

Radial Fountain Fills

Conical Fountain Fills

Custom Color Fountain Fills

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Square Fountain Fills

COMMAND NAME

-------------------------------------------------------------------All Caps Annotation App Maximize App Restore Apply Heading1 Apply Heading2 Apply Heading3 Apply List Bullet Auto Format Auto Text Bold Bookmark Browse Next Browse Previous Browse Sel Cancel Center Para Change Case Char Left Char Left Extend Char Right Char Right Extend Clear Close or Exit Close Pane Column Break Column Select Copy Copy Format Copy Text Create Auto Text Customize Add Menu Customize Keyboard Customize Remove Menu Cut Date Field Delete Back Word Delete Word Dictionary Do Field Click Doc Close Doc Maximize Doc Move Doc Restore Doc Size Doc Split Double Underline CTRL+SHIFT+A ALT+CTRL+M ALT+F10 ALT+F5 ALT+CTRL+1 ALT+CTRL+2 ALT+CTRL+3 CTRL+SHIFT+L ALT+CTRL+K F3 or ALT+CTRL+V CTRL+B or CTRL+SHIFT+B CTRL+SHIFT+F5 CTRL+PAGE DOWN CTRL+PAGE UP ALT+CTRL+HOME ESC CTRL+E SHIFT+F3 LEFT SHIFT+LEFT RIGHT SHIFT+RIGHT DELETE ALT+F4 ALT+SHIFT+C CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER CTRL+SHIFT+F8 CTRL+C or CTRL+INSERT CTRL+SHIFT+C SHIFT+F2 ALT+F3 ALT+CTRL+= ALT+CTRL+NUM + ALT+CTRL+CTRL+X or SHIFT+DELETE ALT+SHIFT+D CTRL+BACKSPACE CTRL+DELETE ALT+SHIFT+F7 ALT+SHIFT+F9 CTRL+W or CTRL+F4 CTRL+F10 CTRL+F7 CTRL+F5 CTRL+F8 ALT+CTRL+S CTRL+SHIFT+D

SHORTCUT KEYS

158

End of Column End of Column End of Doc Extend End of Document End of Line End of Line Extend End of Row End of Row End of Window End of Window Extend Endnote Now Extend Selection Field Chars Field Codes Find Font Font Size Select Footnote Now Go Back Go To Grow Font Grow Font One Point Hanging Indent Header Footer Link Help Hidden Hyperlink Indent Italic Justify Para Left Para Line Down Line Down Extend Line Up Line Up Extend List Num Field Lock Fields Macro Mail Merge Check Mail Merge Edit Data Source Mail Merge to Doc Mail Merge to Printer Mark Citation Mark Index Entry Mark Table of Contents Entry Menu Mode Merge Field Microsoft Script Editor Microsoft System Info Move Text New Next Cell Next Field Next Misspelling Next Object Next Window Normal Normal Style Open Open or Close Up Para Other Pane Outline Outline Collapse

ALT+PAGE DOWN ALT+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN CTRL+SHIFT+END CTRL+END END SHIFT+END ALT+END ALT+SHIFT+END ALT+CTRL+PAGE DOWN ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN ALT+CTRL+D F8 CTRL+F9 ALT+F9 CTRL+F CTRL+D or CTRL+SHIFT+F CTRL+SHIFT+P ALT+CTRL+F SHIFT+F5 or ALT+CTRL+Z CTRL+G or F5 CTRL+SHIFT+. CTRL+] CTRL+T ALT+SHIFT+R F1 CTRL+SHIFT+H CTRL+K CTRL+M CTRL+I or CTRL+SHIFT+I CTRL+J CTRL+L DOWN SHIFT+DOWN UP SHIFT+UP ALT+CTRL+L CTRL+3 or CTRL+F11 ALT+F8 ALT+SHIFT+K ALT+SHIFT+E ALT+SHIFT+N ALT+SHIFT+M ALT+SHIFT+I ALT+SHIFT+X ALT+SHIFT+O F10 ALT+SHIFT+F ALT+SHIFT+F11 ALT+CTRL+F1 F2 CTRL+N TAB F11 or ALT+F1 ALT+F7 ALT+DOWN CTRL+F6 or ALT+F6 ALT+CTRL+N CTRL+SHIFT+N or ALT+SHIFT+CLEAR (NUM 5) CTRL+O or CTRL+F12 or ALT+CTRL+F2 CTRL+0 F6 or SHIFT+F6 ALT+CTRL+O ALT+SHIFT+- or ALT+SHIFT+NUM -

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Outline Demote Outline Expand Outline Expand Outline Move Down Outline Move Up Outline Promote Outline Show First Line Overtype Page Page Break Page Down Page Down Extend Page Field Page Up Page Up Extend Para Down Para Down Extend Para Up Para Up Extend Paste Paste Format Prev Cell Prev Field Prev Object Prev Window Print Print Preview Proofing Redo Redo or Repeat Repeat Find Replace Reset Char Reset Para Revision Marks Toggle Right Para Save Save As Select All Select Table Show All Show All Headings Show Heading1 Show Heading2 Show Heading3 Show Heading4 Show Heading5 Show Heading6 Show Heading7 Show Heading8 Show Heading9 Shrink Font Shrink Font One Point Small Caps Space Para1 Space Para15 Space Para2 Spike Start of Column Start of Column Start of Doc Extend Start of Document Start of Line

ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT ALT+SHIFT+= ALT+SHIFT+NUM + ALT+SHIFT+DOWN ALT+SHIFT+UP ALT+SHIFT+LEFT ALT+SHIFT+L INSERT ALT+CTRL+P CTRL+ENTER PAGE DOWN SHIFT+PAGE DOWN ALT+SHIFT+P PAGE UP SHIFT+PAGE UP CTRL+DOWN CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN CTRL+UP CTRL+SHIFT+UP CTRL+V or SHIFT+INSERT CTRL+SHIFT+V SHIFT+TAB SHIFT+F11 or ALT+SHIFT+F1 ALT+UP CTRL+SHIFT+F6 or ALT+SHIFT+F6 CTRL+P or CTRL+SHIFT+F12 CTRL+F2 or ALT+CTRL+I F7 ALT+SHIFT+BACKSPACE CTRL+Y or F4 or ALT+ENTER SHIFT+F4 or ALT+CTRL+Y CTRL+H CTRL+SPACE or CTRL+SHIFT+Z CTRL+Q CTRL+SHIFT+E CTRL+R CTRL+S or SHIFT+F12 or ALT+SHIFT+F2 F12 CTRL+A or CTRL+CLEAR (NUM 5) or CTRL+NUM 5 ALT+CLEAR (NUM 5) CTRL+SHIFT+8 ALT+SHIFT+A ALT+SHIFT+1 ALT+SHIFT+2 ALT+SHIFT+3 ALT+SHIFT+4 ALT+SHIFT+5 ALT+SHIFT+6 ALT+SHIFT+7 ALT+SHIFT+8 ALT+SHIFT+9 CTRL+SHIFT+, CTRL+[ CTRL+SHIFT+K CTRL+1 CTRL+5 CTRL+2 CTRL+SHIFT+F3 or CTRL+F3 ALT+PAGE UP ALT+SHIFT+PAGE UP CTRL+SHIFT+HOME CTRL+HOME HOME

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Start of Line Extend Start of Row Start of Row Start of Window Start of Window Extend Style Subscript Superscript Symbol Font Thesaurus Time Field Toggle Field Display Toggle Master Subdocs Tool Un Hang Un Indent Underline Undo Unlink Fields Unlock Fields Update Auto Format Update Fields Update Source VBCode Web Go Back Web Go Forward Word Left Word Left Extend Word Right Word Right Extend Word Underline

SHIFT+HOME ALT+HOME ALT+SHIFT+HOME ALT+CTRL+PAGE UP ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE UP CTRL+SHIFT+S CTRL+= CTRL+SHIFT+= CTRL+SHIFT+Q SHIFT+F7 ALT+SHIFT+T SHIFT+F9 CTRL+\ SHIFT+F1 CTRL+SHIFT+T CTRL+SHIFT+M CTRL+U or CTRL+SHIFT+U CTRL+Z or ALT+BACKSPACE CTRL+6 or CTRL+SHIFT+F9 CTRL+4 or CTRL+SHIFT+F11 ALT+CTRL+U F9 or ALT+SHIFT+U CTRL+SHIFT+F7 ALT+F11 ALT+LEFT ALT+RIGHT CTRL+LEFT CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT CTRL+RIGHT CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT CTRL+SHIFT+W

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