M.KUM ARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KARUR.

SUBMITTED BY: R.SHIVANI, T.OVIYA, Cse.shivani@gamil.com, Oviya.cse@gmail.com.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. 4G EVOLUTION. ADVANTAGES OVER 3G. MOBILE GATEWAY. 4G MOBILESYSTEMS. APPLICATIONS. 1. 4G NETWORKING. 2. VECHILE ADOCH NETWORKS. FUTURE EXCEPTATIONS. CONCULUTION.

ABSTRACT The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels. The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGICMobile multimedia, Anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless solution, and Customized personal service. As a promise for the future, 4G systems, that is, cellular broadband wireless access systems, have been attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The 4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service, but also will support the fixed wireless networks. This paper presents an overall vision of the 4G features, framework, and integration of mobile communication. The features of 4G systems might be summarized with one wordintegration. The 4G systems are about seamlessly integrating terminals, networks, and applications to satisfy increasing user demands. The continuous expansion of mobile communication and wireless networks shows evidence of exceptional growth in the areas of mobile subscriber, wireless network access, mobile services, and applications in 4G networking and vehicle adoch networks.

Fourth generation: Fourth generation also known as Beyond 3G", a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications. A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations. The international telecommunications regulatory and standardization bodies are working for commercial deployment of 4G networks roughly in the 2012-2015 time scale. At that point it is predicted that even with current evolutions of third generation 3G networks. There is no formal definition for what 4G is; however, there are certain objectives that are projected for 4G. These objectives include: that 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system. 4G will be capable of providing between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors, with premium quality and high security. these will tend to be congested. There is no formal definition for what 4G is; however, there are certain objectives that are projected for 4G. These objectives include: that 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system. 4G will be

capable of providing between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors, with premium quality and high security 4G EVOLUTION: First generation: Almost all of the systems from this generation were analog systems where voice was considered to be the main traffic. These systems could often be listened to by third parties. Some of the standards are NMT, AMPS, Hicap, CDPD, Mobitex, DataTac, TACS and ETACS. Second generation: All the standards belonging to this generation are commercial centric and they are digital in form. Around 60% of the current market is dominated by European standards. The second generation standards are GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC, CSD, PHS, GPRS, HSCSD, and WiDEN. Third generation: To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving. The systems in this standard are essentially a linear enhancement of 2G systems. They are based on two parallel backbone infrastructures, one consisting of circuit switched nodes, and one of packet oriented nodes. The ITU defines a specific set of air interface technologies as third generation, as part of the IMT-2000 initiative. Currently, transition is happening from 2G to 3G systems. As a part of this transition, numerous technologies are being standardized.

Advantage over 3G: The advantages of 4G as follows...

Attribute Major Characteristic

3G Predominantly data as add-on

4G voiceConverged data and VoIP Hybrid integration of

Network Architecture Frequency Band Component Design

Wide area Cell based 1.6 - 2.5 GHz Optimized antenna;

Wireless

Lan

(WiFi),

Blue Tooth, Wide Area 2 8 GHz Smart antennas; SW multi-band; wideband

radios Bandwidth 5 20 MHz 100+ MHz Data Rate 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps 20 100 Mbps Access WCDMA/CDMA2000 MC-CDMA or OFDM Forward ErrorConvolution code 1/2, Concatenated Coding Correction 1/3; turbo Switching Circuit/Packet Packet Mobile top Speed 200 kmph 200 kmph IP Multiple versions All IP (IPv6.0) Operational ~2003 ~2010

multi-band adapters

The features mean services can be delivered and be available to the personal preference of different users and support the users' traffic, air interfaces, radio environment, and quality of service. Connection with the network applications can be transferred into various forms and levels correctly and efficiently. The dominant methods of access to this pool of information will be the mobile telephone, PDA, and laptop to seamlessly access the voice communication, high-speed information services, and entertainment broadcast services Mobile Gateway:

The backhauling of 4G traffic brings us to the first-hop router, which basically provides a mobile gateway function. A mobile gateway supports the different radio technologies that will be deployed as part of a 4G network. One of the most talked-about radio technologies in recent years has been WiMAX, which uses an Access Services Network Gateway (ASNGW) as the first-hop router. The Cisco ASN-GW solution will support the WiMAX Forum's Network Working Group (NWG) specification that will emerge early in 2007. This specification defines the interface between an ASN-GW and a base station. The ASN-GW supports all bearer management functions, and the base station is responsible for radio control. Cisco has been very active in the NWG and was one of the founding members of that organization. WiMAX will represent the first instance of full vendor interoperability in the RAN. It is expected that other standards bodies will follow the lead of the WiMAX Forum and push for open interfaces with interoperability in their nextgeneration all-IP network implementations.The mobile gateway in a UMTS SAE/LTE deployment will use a function known as a User Plane Entity (UPE) + Mobility Management Entity (MME), which communicates with a base station over an S1 interface. In either case the functions provided are somewhat similar and include mobility management, authentication, header compression, security, paging, billing, content filtering, edge proxy support, etc. The mobile gateway and the base station are the only two pieces of RAN equipment in a next-generation network (see Figure 3). This rather dramatic simplification helps decrease network costs and makes interoperability much easier. When open systems are added to this architecture, the cost savings will be impressive. A significant amount of capital expenditures (CapEx) go

into the RAN, and moving to open systems will result in significantly reduced network costs. Lower costs are essential if 4G is to deliver broadband mobile services cost-effectively. 4G Mobile Network Architecture

Another interesting feature of all-IP end-to-end networks is that all traffic must pass through the packet gateways because all traffic is, of course, packet-based, putting a premium on scalability, performance, and high availability. All three of these characteristics are hallmarks of the Cisco product line of service provider class routers. A good general rule is that as the network moves from 3G to 4G, it will require from two to three orders of magnitude more packet gateway capacity. This scenario puts a premium on selecting mobile gateways that can scale. The most scalable solution is usually based on a service module architecture where additional blades can be plugged into a chassis to meet demand. Cisco has a strong portfolio of gateways for the mobile market, including packet data serving nodes (PDSNs) for CDMA, gateway GPRS support nodes (GGSNs) for UMTS/Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and ASN-GWs for WiMAX. Mobile WiMAX based upon 802.16e-2005 has

been accepted as IP-OFDMA for inclusion as the sixth wireless link system under IMT-2000. This can hasten acceptance by regulatory authorities and operators for use in cellular spectrum. WiMAX II, 802.16m will be proposed for IMT-Advanced 4G.

The goal for the long term evolution of both WiMAX and LTE is to achieve 100 Mbit/s mobile and 1 Gbit/s fixed-nomadic bandwidth as set by ITU for 4G NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network) systems through the adaptive use of MIMO-AAS and smart, granular network topologies. 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networking and related developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples. 4G MOBILE SYSTEMS: The fourth generation will encompass all systems from various networks, public to private; operator-driven broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc networks. The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless Internet. This all-encompassing

integrated perspective shows the broad range of systems that the fourth generation intends to integrate, from satellite broadband to high altitude platform to cellular 3G and 3G systems to WLL (wireless local loop) and FWA (fixed wireless access) to WLAN (wireless local area network) and PAN (personal area network), all with IP as the integrating mechanism.

With 4G, a range of new services and models will be available. These services and models need to be further examined for their interface with the design of 4G systems. Figures 2 and 3 demonstrate the key elements and the seamless connectivity of the networks.

Seamless Connections of Networks 1

key elements of 4G vision 1

APPLICATIONS: 4G NETWORKING IN COMUNICATION: Fourth-generation (4G) mobile systems dictate entirely new approaches and novel infrastructure solutions to seamlessly integrate the existing wireless technologies including wireless broadband (WiBro), 802.16e, CDMA, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, and etc. The key features of 4G mobile systems can be summarized as follows. First, 4G mobile systems are all-IP based heterogeneous networks that allow users to use any system at any time and anywhere. Second, 4G mobile systems provide end-users with highspeed, large volume, good quality, global coverage, and flexibility to roam between different types of technologies. Finally, 4G mobile systems provide high-data-rate services to accommodate numerous multimedia applications such as video conferencing, on-line gaming, etc. Owing to such characteristics, we have to face a number of challenges to migrate current systems to 4G.:

4GNetworking challenges are summarized Multimode User Terminals Wireless System Discovery/Selection Seamless Mobility Vertical Handoff QoS Support Vehicular Ad hoc Networks:

The key

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a subset of mobile ad-hoc network, which supports data communications among nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby fixed infrastructure, and generally represented as roadside entities. Depending on the range of data communications, nodes in VANET communicate among themselves in type of short-range (vehicle-tovehicle) or medium-range (vehicle-to-roadside) communications.

In addition, the major application view of VANETs includes real-time and safety applications. Non-safety applications include real-time traffic congestion and routing information, high-speed tolling, mobile infotainment, traffic condition monitoring, and many others. Vehicular safety applications include emergency, collision, car accident, and other safety warnings. For high performance, highly robust, scalable, robust, fault tolerant, and secure vehicular networking, several extraordinary challenges are remained as follows: Safety and commercial applications Mobility and traffic models Channel Modeling Security and privacy Cooperative aspects of vehicular communication Cross-layer optimization techniques Vehicle-to-Vehicle Vehicle-to-Roadside Scalability and Availability issues in Vehicular networks PHY, MAC, Network Layer (Routing protocols)

Future Expectations: Fourth-generation network technology is not so much a new modulation technology as it is a way of architecting networks. These networks will use a

variety of mobile packet radio technologies along with Wi-Fi to offer a ubiquitous broadband experience for the mobile subscriber. WiMAX has been at the forefront of the move to all-IP end-to-end networks based on open systems, and this technology is already being deployed in fixed wireless applications. The 3GPP and 3GPP2 roadmaps also show a clear direction toward all-IP end-to-end networks and open systems. In all three cases OFDMA and MIMO are seen as critical ingredients (Figure 1). These three mobile technologies are all moving in the same direction, but they will probably always be slightly different for political, commercial and IPR reasons. Figure 1. Strong Industry Direction Toward OFDMA

The mobile gateway will emerge as these networks begin to develop. The mobile gateway, the first-hop router in an all-IP end-to-end mobile network, connects base stations with the core network. Because a mobile gateway also communicates with base stations, it must support IP protocols specific to that radio technology. Sitting behind these gateways are the IP core network and

the services domain. Services in an all-IP end-to-end network are both IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and non-IMS based. A critical feature of nextgeneration networks is that they are much simpler than 3G networks. Nextgeneration networks typically have only two types of devices: base stations and mobile gateways-and that is all-with the latter incorporating many of the functions that are found in numerous different boxes in networks today. If the network is made up of different RF technologies, then client devices must also support multiple RF modes. This scenario is already occurring as cellular technologies are introduced into laptops and Wi-Fi technology begins to emerge in mobile phones. In addition to handsets, these networks will require residential gateways to support the delivery of mobile broadband to the home. Indoor coverage has always been a challenge in the mobile world and will become even more problematic as very high-speed 4G services emerge. In addition to residential gateways, 4G networks will also make extensive use of picocell and microcell technologies to deliver very high data rates in high-usage areas CONCLUSION: As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been made to reduce a number of technologies to a single global standard. Projected 4G systems offer this promise of a standard that can be embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration. Future wireless networks will need to support diverse IP multimedia applications to allow sharing of resources among multiple users. There must be a low complexity of implementation and an efficient means of negotiation between the end users and the wireless infrastructure. The fourth generation promises to fulfill the goal of PCC (personal computing and communication)a vision that affordably provides

high

data

rates

everywhere

over

wireless

network.

References 1. "4G - Beyond 2.5G and 3G Wireless Networks". MobileInfo.com

2. "Mobile Communications Beyond 3G in the Global Context"