PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA)

(Estted. under the Panjab Univerasity Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

SYLLABI

FOR M.Sc. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1st to 4th SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2011-2012 ---:O:---

M.Sc. 1st year (1st Semester) Code S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Course/Paper Microbial Biodiversity and Physiology Immunology and Immunotechnology Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology Molecular Biology Bioprocess Engineering Theory Course No. MBT-101T MBT-102T MBT-103 T MBT-104 T MBT-105 T Marks 100 100 100 100 100 Practical Course No. Marks MBT-101 P MBT-102 P MBT-103 P MBT-104 P MBT-105 P 50 50 50 50 50 6 6 6 6 6 Credits

Total Credits= 30 Total Marks = 750 M.Sc. 1st year (2nd Semester) Code S. No. 1. 2. Course/Paper Medical Microbiology Microbial Biochemistry and Enzymology Industrial Microbiology-1 (Health, Food, Enzymes) Bioinformatics Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) & Bioethics Theory Course No. MBT-201 T MBT-202 T 100 MBT-203 T MBT-204 T MBT-205 T 100 100 MBT-203 P MBT-204 P MBT-205 P 50 50 50 6 6 6 Marks 100 100 MBT-202 P 50 6 Practical Course No. Marks MBT-201 P 50 6 Credits

3. 4. 5.

Total Credits= 30 Total Marks = 750

M.Sc. 2nd year (3rd Semester) Code S. No. Course/Paper Advances in Microbial Biotechnology (Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics) Industrial Microbiology-II (Environment, Biofuels, Chemicals, Biomass) Bioinstruments and their Applications Tutorials Theory Course No. Marks Practical Course No. Marks Credits

1.

MBT-301 T

100

MBT-301 P

50

2.

MBT-302 T

100

MBT-302 P

50

3. 4.

MBT-303 T MBT-304 T

100 100

MBT-303 P MBT-304 P

50

-4 Total Credits= 22 Total Marks = 550

M.Sc. 2nd year (4th Semester) Code S. No. 1. 2. Course/Paper Journal club Dissertation Theory Course No. MBT-401 T MBT-402 T Marks 100 350 Credits

Practical Course No. Marks MBT-401 P -4 MBT-402 P -14 Total Credits= 18 Total Marks = 450

Consolidation of Marks and Credits Sr. No. 1. 2. Class M.Sc. 1st Yr M.Sc. 2nd Yr Total Marks 1500 1000 2500 Total No. of Credits 60 40 100

Grand Total

Centre for Microbial Biotechnology (CMBT)

Syllabus for M.Sc. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011-2012 Semester I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. MBT-101: Microbial Biodiversity and Physiology MBT-102: Immunology and Immunotechnology MBT-103: Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology MBT-104: Molecular Biology MBT-105: Bioprocess Engineering Semester II

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

MBT-201: Medical Microbiology MBT-202: Microbial Biochemistry and Enzymology MBT-203: Industrial Microbiology-1 (Health, Food, Enzymes) MBT-204: Bioinformatics MBT-205: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) & Bioethics

Semester III

1. 2. 3. 4.

MBT-301: Advances in Microbial Biotechnology (Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics) MBT-302: Industrial Microbiology-II (Environment, Biofuels, Chemicals, Biomass, Protocols) MBT-303: Bioinstruments and their Applications MBT-304: Tutorials Semester IV

1. 2.

MBT-401: Journal club MBT-402: Dissertation.

MBT-101: Microbial Biodiversity and Physiology

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) the diversity of microbes, (ii) growth & nutrient requirements (iii) unique metabolic pathways. Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit -I Relevance of microbiology as a field of Biotechnology. Historical milestones in Microbiology and Biotechnology Structures and functions of Escherichia, Staphylococci & Saccharomyces. Control of microbes by the use of physical and chemical agents.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Unit II 5. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 6. Biodiversity of Archaea Bacteria Fungi Algae Viruses Microbial ecology: Biogeochemical cycling, Microbes in marine & freshwater environments, Microbes in terrestrial environment, Microbial interactions Unit III 7. 8. 9. 10. Nutritional requirements of microbes Bacterial growth and its kinetics. Chemostat, Turbidostat, Synchronous growth. Mechanisms involved in transport of nutrients in microbes

Unit - IV 12. Unique pathways of microbial metabolism: ED, PK pathways; Respiration; Fermentations; Amphibolic pathways; Anaplerotic reactions. 13. Bacterial cell wall biosynthesis 14. Photoautotrophy, Chemolithotrophy, Methylotrophy, Calvin cycle

Practicals:

Total Marks: 50

Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practicals - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Use of basic instruments in Microbiology (Light microscope, pH meter, Autoclave, Laminar flow chamber, Centrifuge, Spectrophotometer). Staining of bacteria, yeast and fungi. Purification of mixed cultures by streaking technique Determination of viable count Correlation of viable counting and optical density of cultures Isolation of microbes from environment Bacteriophage screening Preparation of complex and synthetic medium. Sterilization of liquid and solid items. Storage of microbes

Suggested readings: 1. Microbial Biotechnology by A. R. Alagawadi, P. U. Krishnaraj, K. S. Jagadeesh, S. Kannaiyan. (2006) Publisher: Alpha Science Intl Ltd; First edition (2006), ISBN-10: 8173197253 ISBN-13: 978-8173197253. Microbial Diversity: Form and Function in Prokaryotes by Oladele Ogunseitan, (2004) Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN-13: 978-0632047086 Introduction to Biotechnology by William J. Thieman and Michael A. PalladinPo (2003) Publisher: Benjamin Cummings; First edition ISBN-10: 0805348255 ISBN-13: 9780805348255 Biodiversity of Microbial Life: Foundation of Earth's Biosphere by James T. Staley and Anna-Louise Reysenbach (2001) Publisher: Wiley-Liss; First edition ISBN-10: 0471254339 ISBN-13: 978-0471254331 Genetics and Physiology of Microbes by Rajan S. Sundara (2003), Publisher: Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd ISBN-10: 8126113677 , ISBN-13: 978-8126113675 Microbial Physiology, 4th Edition by Albert G. Moat, John W. Foster, Michael P. Spector, and Michael P. Sector (2002) Publisher: Wiley-Liss; 4th edition, ISBN-10: 0471394831 ISBN- 13: 978-0471394839 Advances in Microbial Physiology by Robert K. Poole (2002), Publisher: Academic Press; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0120277468, ISBN-13: 978-0120277469

2. 3.

4.

5. 6.

7.

MBT-102: Immunology and Immunotechnology

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) the basics of immune system (ii) the response of humans to foreign bodies (iii) the techniques involved in immunoassays (iv) vaccines Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit-I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Immune cells and immune organs, adaptive and innate immunity. B cell biology: Development, selection, B cells as central players of humoral immunity. T cell biology: Development, thymic education, TCR rearrangement, basic functions of cells during immune response, T cells subsets. Immunoglobulins: Structure and functions of Immunoglobulins, Immunoglobulin rearrangement, molecular genetics of BCR generation Antigens complement system, haptens, adjuvants. Unit-II 6. Antigen presenting cells (APCs): Dendritic cell (DC), importance of DCs in adaptive immune response, role of B cells and macrophages as APCs, non-professional APCs, cell biology of antigen processing and presentation. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): Structure, function and immunogenetics of MHC, MHC-TCR interactions. Immune Homeostasis: Homeostasis, migration, tissue redistribution of lymphocytes, site specific immune response. Chemokine, cytokine and cell signaling: Their roles in activation and differentiation of cells of immune system, importance in response to pathogens. Nuclear receptors for macrophage and T cell plasticity, nuclear receptors and antigen processing and presentation, nuclear receptors and immune cell effector repertoire. Unit-III 11. 12. 13. 14. Antigen-antibody reactions, interaction, cross reactions, precipitation and agglutination. Radioimmunoassay, ELISA, Western blotting. Hybridomas and Monoclonal antibodies. Recent advances in immunological tools for diagnosis of diseases. Unit-IV 15. 16. 17. Tolerance and autoimmunity, allergy and hypersensitivity-mediated diseases. Immune response to infectious diseases: Responses to different class of pathogens such as intracellular bacteria, viruses and extracellular and intracellular parasites. Vaccines and their types: killed and live, sub unit, recombinant, multivalent, DNA, edible vaccines. Microbe-resistant transgenic plants

7. 8. 9. 10.

18. 19.

Antibodies as immunotherapeutic, cytokine therapy Cancer: immune-surveillance, tumor antigens, immunological intervention.

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.

Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

Animal handling Routes of injections Drawing blood from animals TLC and DLC for blood samples. Determination of cell number (viable/non-viable). Ficoll density gradient, separation of cell types. Raising antibodies in animals. Immunoassays Suggested readings:

1.

2. 3.

4.

Kuby Immunology by Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara A. Osborne, and Richard A. Goldsby Publisher: (2006) . W. H. Freeman; 6th edition. ISBN-10: 1429202114, ISBN-13: 978-1429202114 Basic Immunology, Abul K. Abbas and Andrew H. Lichtman (2006) Publisher: Saunders; 2nd edition. ISBN-10: 1416029745, ISBN-13: 978-1416029748 Roitt's Essential Immunology (Essentials) by Peter Delves, Seamus Martin, Dennis Burton, and Ivan Roitt (2006), Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 11th edition ISBN-10: 1405136030, ISBN-13: 9781405136037 Immunobiology by C. Janeway (2004) Publisher: Garland Science; 6th edition. ISBN-10: 0815341016, ISBN-13: 978-0815341017

MBT-103: Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) genetics of microbes (ii) permanent changes in the genetic material (iii) techniques involved in the cloning of genetic elements Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit-I Significance of genetic recombination Homologous genetic recombination (Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation) Heterologous genetic recombination (IS, Tn, Mu phage) Natural Plasmids and their types, Role of plasmids in transfer of genes Unit II Mutations: Fluctuation test, Replica plating Physical and chemical mutagens Types of mutations DNA Repair mechanisms Unit III Host restriction/modification, Enzymes involved in gene cloning Plasmids as gene cloning vectors, Commercial vectors Strategies involved in cloning of gene(s). Construction of genomic, cDNA and meta-genomic libraries

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

Unit IV DNA sequencing PCR and its applications and modifications 15. Phage display technology and its applications. 16. Yeast two-hybrid system, Combinatorial library 13. 14. Practicals: Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Isolation of chromosomal DNA Isolation of plasmid Preparation of competent cells Transformation and Electroporation Restriction digestion (complete and partial) of DNA Cloning and expression of a gene in E.coli Amplification of DNA by PCR

Suggested readings:
1. 2. Modern Microbial Genetics by Uldis N. Streips and Ronald E. Yasbin. (2002) Publisher: WileyLiss; 2nd edition, ISBN-10: 0471386650 ISBN-13: 978-0471386650 From Genes to Genomes: Concepts and Applications of DNA Technology by Jeremy W. Dale and Malcolm von Schantz. (2007), Publisher: Wiley-Interscience; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 0470017333, ISBN-13: 978-0470017333 Gene and Genome Technology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA and Genomics by Sandy Primrose and Richard Twyman. (2007) Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Limited ISBN10: 140515666X ISBN-13: 978-1405156660 Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics by Sandy Primrose, Richard Twyman, Bob Old, and Giuseppe Bertola. (2006) Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Incorporated; 7th edition ISBN-10: 1405135441 ISBN-13: 978-1405135443 Manipulation and Expression of Recombinant DNA, by Sue Carson and Dominique Robertson. (2005) Publisher: Academic Press; 2nd edition, ISBN-10: 0120884186, ISBN-13: 978-0120884186 Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction by T. A. Brown. (2001) Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Incorporated; 4th edition ISBN-10: 063205901X ISBN-13: 978-0632059010 Recombinant DNA Technology by O.S. Reddi (2000), Publisher: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN10: 8170239958

3.

4.

5. 6. 7.

MBT-104: Molecular Biology

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to the mechanism of (i) DNA replication (ii) DNA transcription (iii) protein synthesis (iv) regulation of gene expression (v) signal transduction Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit I 1. 2. 3. 4. DNA and its various forms, super coiling of DNA, DNA melting, repetitive sequences, cot and rot curves, C value paradox, DNA protein interaction, DNA super coiling. Unit of DNA replication, enzymes involved in replication, origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication. Replication of bacterial chromosome Replication of eukaryotic chromosomes. Unit-II
5.

RNA synthesis and processing: transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, spilicing, and polyadenylarion, structure and function of different types of RNA, non coding RNA, RNA transport. Unit III

6.

7.

Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome structure, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, formation of initiation complex, intiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, translation proof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post- translational modification of proteins. Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: Unit IV

8. 9. 10.

Cell signaling: signal transduction pathways and their regulation, bacterial two-component systems, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing. Role of microbes in cancer, apoptosis, antimicrobial peptides as cancer therapeutic. Gene silencing strategies

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Tm value of DNA Spectrophotometric analysis of DNA Protein purification by Gel exclusion chromatography Protein purification by Ion-Exchange chromatography Protein purification by Affinity chromatography Separation of proteins on non-denaturing gels. Separation of proteins on denaturing gels.

Suggested readings:
1. Molecular Biology of the Gene, by James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen P. Bell, and Alexander Gann (2007), Publisher: Benjamin Cummings; 6th edition ISBN-10: 080539592X ISBN-13: 978-0805395921 Fundamental Molecular Biology by Lizabeth A. Allison (2007), Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 1st edition ISBN-10: 1405103795 ISBN-13: 978-1405103794 Molecular Biology by Robert F. Weaver (2007) Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill College; 4th edition ISBN10: 0072995246 ISBN-13: 978-0072995244 Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments by Gerald Karp (2007) Publisher: Wiley; 5th edition ISBN-10: 0470042176 ISBN-13: 978-0470042175 Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, and Martin Raff Publisher: Garland Science; 5th edition, ISBN-10: 0815341059 ISBN-13: 978-0815341055

2. 3. 4. 5.

MBT-105: Bioprocess Engineering

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to the (i) bioreactor and its types (ii) production of bioactive molecules /cells in a bioreactor (iii) purification of bioactive molecules (iv) fermentation processes Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit I 1. 2. Introduction to a bioreactor design. Control panels of a bioreactor. Types of bioreactors. Kinetics of growth product formation and substrate utilization. Operation of bio-reactors. Unit II Mass and Heat Transfer in Bioreactors: Aeration and Agitation in Bioreactors, Concept of mass transfer correlation and scale up. Unit III 4.
5.

3.

Up Stream Process (USP): Inoculum development, Media composition, Sterilization etc. Down Stream Process (DSP): Cell disruptions, Flocculation, Filtration, Ultra filtration, Centrifugation, Ultracentrifugation, Chromatographic methods, two phase aqueous separations, solvent solvent extraction, centrifugation, pre treatment, crystallization etc. Unit IV

6.
7.

Fermentations and Fermentative processes like Submerged, Solid state, Batch, Fed Batch, Continuous system etc. Hygiene and safety in fermentation laboratory/processes.

Practicals Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Components and Operation of a Bioreactor Batch fermentation in conical flask Production of the enzyme/s in shake flask Solid state fermentation

Suggested readings:
1. Biotransformations and Bioprocesses (Biotechnology and Bioprocessing Series). Mukesh Doble, Anil Kumar Kruthiventi and Vilas Ganjanan Gaikar (2004). Publisher: CRC; 1st edition, ISBN-10: 0824747755, ISBN-13: 978-0824747756. Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concepts (2002).Publisher: Prentice Hall; 2nd ISBN-10: 8120321103 ISBN-13: 978-8120321106. Principles of Fermentation Technology. P.F. Stanbury, A.Whitaker and S. Hall. (2001) Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts. Michael L, Shuler and Fikret Kargi (2001). Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 0130819085, ISBN-13: 978-0130819086. Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors: Fundamentals of Design and Operation. David A. Mitchell, Nadia Krieger, and Marin Berovic (June 2006). Publisher: Springer; 1st edition ISBN-10: 3540312854, ISBN-13: 978-3540312857. Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering: Principles, Design and Operation. Julian Chaudhuri and Mohamed Al-Rubeai (2005). Publisher: Springer; 1st edition. Multiphase Bioreactor Design. Joaquim M.S. Cabral, Manuel Mota and Johannes (2001).Publisher: CRC ISBN-10: 0415272092, ISBN-13: 978-0415272094.

2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

MBT-201: Medical Microbiology

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) various types of diseases caused by microbial pathogens (ii) pathogenic mechanisms of microbes (iii) antimicrobial chemotherapy (iv) epdiomology of important diseases Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit I (Pathogenesis, Chemotherapy) 1. 2. Overview of a) Normal microflora of humans and its importance, b) Specific and Nonspecific defense mechanisms. Pathogenesis of microorganisms: Host parasite relationships, pathogenesis of bacterial diseases, pathogenesis of viral diseases, toxigenesis, host defense against microbial invasion, microbial mechanism for escaping host defenses. Antimicrobial chemotherapy: Characteristics of anti microbial drugs, determination of anti microbial activity, anti bacterial drugs, anti viral drugs, anti fungal drugs, anti protozoon drugs. Development and transfer of drug resistance in microbes. Unit II (Bacterial infections) 5. 6. 7. 8. Air-borne bacterial diseases (TB, Diphtheria, Pertusis, Streptococcal, etc.) Food/Water borne bacterial diseases (Botulism, Gastroenteritis, Cholera, Salmonellosis, Shigellosis, Travelers diarrhea ; Sepsis and septic shock) Direct - contact diseases (Gas gangrene, GBS, Conjunctivitis, Leprosy, Peptic ulcer, Staphylococcal, STB, Tetanus, Trachoma) Arthropod - borne bacterial diseases (Typhus, Lyme, Plague, Q fever etc.); Zoonotic diseases (Anthrax, Brucellosis) ; Dental infections (Dental plaque, Dental Decay, Periodontal diseases. Unit III (Viral infections) 9. 10. 11. 12. Air-borne viral diseases (Chicken pox, Small pox, Measles, Mumps, Influenza) Direct - contact diseases (AIDS, Sores, Common cold, CMV, Genital herpes, Leukemia, Infectious monoucleosis, Hepatitis, Warts) Food/Water borne viral diseases (Gastroenteritis, Hepatitis, polio) Zoonotic viral diseases; (Rabies, VHF); Arthropod - borne diseases (Encephalitis, RVF, Yellow fever); Prion diseases.

3.

4.

Unit IV (Other infections, Epidemiology) 13. 14. 15. Over view of human diseases caused by Fungi and Protists especially Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Amebiasis, Giardiasis. Brief introduction to discomforts caused by Algae Epidemiological terminology, Morbidity rate, Mortality rate, Prevalence rate; Recognition of an infectious diseases in a population; Recognition of an epidemic; infectious disease cycle; Virulence and the mode of transmission Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases/pathogens; Control of epidemics; Global travel and health considerations; Nosocomial infections.

16.

Practicals:

Total Marks: 50 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.

Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

Collection, handling and storage of clinical samples Culture identification of bacteria (E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus) Culture identification of fungi (Candida, Aspergillus) Identification of pathogens by PCR technology Antibiotic sensitivity of clinical pathogens

Suggested Readings:
1. 2. 3. 4. Medical Microbiology, by Geo. F. Brooks. (2007) Publisher: McGraw-Hill Medical; 24th edition. ISBN-10: 0071476660, ISBN-13: 978-0071476669, Medical Microbiology by Patrick R. Murray, Michael A. Pfaller, Ken S. Rosenthal, and Patrick R. Murray (2005). Publisher: Mosby; 5th edition ISBN-10: 0323033032, ISBN-13: 978-0323033039 Review of Medical Microbiology by Patrick R. Murray and Ken Rosenthal (2005). Publisher: Mosby; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0323033253 , ISBN-13: 978-0323033251 Medical Microbiology & Immunology by Warren E. Levinson (2004) Publisher: McGrawHill/Appleton & Lange; 8th edition. ISBN-10: 0071431993, ISBN-13: 978-0071431996

MBT-202: Microbial Biochemistry and Enzymology

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) macromolecular interactions (ii) structure and functions of biomolecules (iii) enzymes: their functions, regulation and industrial applications Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit - I 1. 2. 3. 4. Buffers and physiological buffers. Thermodynamics and Principles of thermodynamics, free energy, enthalpy and entropy. Macromolecular interactions: van-der waals, hydrogen bonding, ionic, hydrophobic, covalent etc. Structure and functions of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleotides, DNA, RNA, and Vitamins Unit II 5. 6. Metabolism of Carbohydrates (Glycolysis, TCA, HMP, Gluconeogenesis) Metabolism of Lipids (Fatty acid metabolism, Phospholipid metabolism, Cholesterol biosynthesis) Unit III 7. 8. Metabolism of protein (Digestion of proteins, General reactions of amino acids, Fate of carbon skeletons of amino acids, Regulation of amino acid biosyntheses) Electron transport chain, Oxidative phosphorylation Unit IV
9.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Enzymes: General distinctive features, nomenclature and industrial applications Enzyme kinetics Allosteric enzymes Feed back inhibition and Feedback repression mechanisms Multienzyme complexes: advantage and examples Biocatalysis-Definition, chirality, advantages/disadvantages of biocatalysis over chemical catalysis, different types of biocatalysis

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. Qualitative and quantitative assay of Sugars 2. Qualitative and quantitative assay of Proteins 3. Qualitative and quantitative assay of Lipids 4. Qualitative and quantitative assay of Nucleic acids 5. Assay of enzymes 6. Substrate specificity and efficiency of enzymatic catalysis 7. Kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions 8. Effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity 9. Enzyme immobilization

Suggested readings:
1. 2. 3. 4. Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism by Paul Cook. (2007) Publisher: Garland Science; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0815341407 ISBN-13: 978-0815341406 Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms by Perry A. Frey and Adrian D. Hegeman (2006), Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0195122585 ISBN-13: 978-0195122589 Enzyme Kinetics: A Modern Approach by Alejandro G. Marangoni (2002) Publisher: WileyInterscience; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0471159859 ISBN-13: 978-0471159858 Introduction to Biocatalysis Using Enzymes and Microorganisms by S. M. Roberts, Nicholas J. Turner, Andrew J. Willetts, and Michael K. Turner (1995) Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN-10: 0521430704 ISBN-13: 978-0521430708

MBT-203: Industrial Microbiology- I (Health, Food, Enzymes)

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) Industrially important metabolites produce by microbes especially in the areas of health, food and enzymes (ii) immobilization of enzymes/cells Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit I 1. 2. 3. Primary and Secondary metabolites of industrial importance. Techniques involved in screening/detection of industrially important metabolites from microbes. Pyruvate as the hub molecule Unit II
4. Biosynthesis and fermentation process involved in (a) Health & Pharma- Antibiotics (Penicillin, Streptomycin,), Alkaloids (ergot, lysergic acid), Biotransformations (Steroids, chirals), Therapeutic proteins (Interferons, Insulin, Streptokinase, Erythropoietin). (b) Food and Beverages- Beer, Wine, Whisky, Vinegar, Probiotics, Traditional fermented foods, Food additives: Vitamins, Bioflavors

Unit III 5. Microbial Enzymes - Pharma related enzymes, Detergent enzymes, Processing of starch and related carbohydrates, Fruit juice production, Textile & leather manufacture, Treatment of wood pulp, Organic synthesis, Diagnostics

Unit IV 6. Immobilization of enzymes and cells: Parameters for choosing a matrix for immobilization, types of methods for immobilizations. Applications of immobilization techniques.

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Screening of microbes for production of industrially important enzymes. Optimization of conditions for optimal production of enzyme: - Media composition, Incubation temperature, Aeration, Incubation time. Wine fermentation Purification of antimicrobial metabolites from a microbe.

Suggested readings:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. Doyle (2007). Publisher: American Society Microbiolgy; 3rd edition ISBN-10: 1555814077, ISBN-13: 978-1555814076. Food Microbiology: An Introduction. Montville (2005). Publisher: American Society Microbiolgy; 1st edition ISBN-10: 1555813089, ISBN-13: 978-1555813086. Environmental Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. Ian L. Pepper and Charles P. Gerba(2004). Publisher: Academic Press; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 0125506562, ISBN-13: 978-0125506564. Advances in Food & Nutrition Research. Steve Taylor (2003). Publisher: Academic Press; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0120164477, ISBN-13: 978-0120164479. Environmental Microbiology. Raina M. Maier, Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba(2000). Publisher: Academic Press; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0124975704, ISBN-13: 978-0124975705. Applied Dairy Microbiology. Elmer H. Marth and James Steele (2001).Publisher: CRC; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 082470536X, ISBN-13: 978-0824705367. Peter F Drucker. Innovation and Enterpreneurship. Harper & Row, 1985 Prasanna Chandra- Projects: Preparation Appraisal and Superimplementation. Tata Mc-Graw-Hill Co. Ltd J.D. West & F.K. Levy. A management guide to PERT/CPM, Prentice Hall, India

MBT-204: Bioinformatics
Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) basic understanding of computers (ii) computational tools developed for understanding of genetic material and proteins Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit I (Computer skills) 1. 2.
3. 4.

Important components and functions of a computer. Computer languages: History and generation of languages Importance of Bioinformatics in microbiology/ biotechnology Perl language and programming Unit II (Biological databases)

5. 6. 7. 8.

Database- introduction, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary databases. Type and kind of databases. Literature search (PUBMED and MEDLINE). Nucleic acid (GenBank, EMBL etc.). Structural databases- PDB, PDBsum, NDB, CATH, SCOP etc. Motifs and Pattern Databases- PROSITE, Pfam, etc. Protein databases (SWISS PROT, UNIPROT etc.). Structural databases- PDB, PDBsum, NDB, CATH, SCOP etc. Motifs and Pattern Databases- PROSITE, Pfam, etc. Sequence retrieval (SRS, Entrez) and Data submission. Unit III (Sequence analysis)

9. 10.

11. 12.

Sequence alignment- introduction and concepts, Local and Global alignment concepts. Similarity and Percent identity score (open, extended gap penality). Multiple sequence alignment - introduction and concepts. Types of multiple sequence alignment techniques. Description of major softwares (MSA, CLUSTALW, PILEUP). Database Scanning and Sequence similarity searches. Algorithm of FASTA. Description of BLAST algorithm. Various BLAST programs (BLASTP, BLASTN). Protein Structure: Classification, Structure Analysis, Secondary structure predictions, Comparative modeling.

13. 14. 15.

16.

Unit IV (Genome analysis) Introduction to genomes. Sequencing techniques. Sequencing of whole genomes. Next Gen Sequencing. Assembling of Genomes from Short Reads. Concept of Metagenomics. Types of repeats and repeat finding techniques. Structure of genes. Prediction of gene in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Prediction of promoter prediction in E. coli and in eukaryotes. Description of major gene prediction methods.

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Sequence (DNA & Protein) alignments Genome sequence studies Designing ideal primers for amplification of genetic material Deciphering 3-D structure of proteins. Designing inhibitors of enzymes Suggested readings:

1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

Understanding Bioinformatics by Marketa Zvelebil and Jeremy Baum (2007) Publisher: Garland Science; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0815340249, ISBN-13: 978-0815340249 Essential Bioinformatics by Jin Xiong (2006) Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0521600820, ISBN-13: 978-0521600828 Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis by David W. Mount (2004). Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 0879697121 ISBN-13: 978-0879697129 An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms (Computational Molecular Biology) by Neil C. Jones and Pavel A. Pevzner (2004) Publisher: The MIT Press; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0262101068, ISBN13: 978-0262101066 Bioinformatics: A Biologist's Guide to Biocomputing and the Internet by Stuart M. Brown (2000). Publisher: Eaton Publishing Company/Biotechniques Books ISBN-10: 188129918X, ISBN13: 978-1881299189

MBT-205: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) & Bioethics

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) understanding of patents (ii) filing of a patents (iii) ethical and social issues in biotechnology Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit - I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction: General Introduction Patent Claims, the legal decision-making process Ownership of Tangible and Intellectual Property. Basic requirements of patentability, patentable subject matter, novelty and the Public Domain; Non-obviousness Special issues in Biotechnology Patents: Disclosure Requirements, Collaborative research, competitive research, Plant Biotechnology Unit - II 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Foreign Patents Patent Litigation: Substantive Aspects of Patent Litigation, Procedural Aspects of Patent Litigation Recent Development in Patent System and Patentability of Biotechnology invention IPR issues of the Indian Context IPR Regime in the Digital Society; Copyright and Patents; International Treaties and Conventions; Business Software Patents; Domain Name Dispute and Resolution. IT Act, 2000 : Aims and Objectives; Overview of the Act; Jurisdiction; Role of Certifying Authority; Regulators under IT Act; Cyber Crime-offences and Contraventions; Grey Areas on IT Act. Unit - III 11. 12. 13. Public acceptance issues for biotechnology: Case studies/experiences from developing and developed countries. Biotechnology and hunger: Challenges for the Indian Biotechnological research and industries. The Cartagena protocol on biosafety Unit - IV 14. 15. 16. Biosafety management: Key to the environmentally responsible use of biotechnology. Ethical implications of biotechnological products and techniques. Social and ethical implication of biological weapons

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practical - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Searching of National Patent databases Drafting of National Patent applications Searching of International Patent databases Drafting of International Patent applications

Suggested readings:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Law of intellectual property. Myneni, S.R. (2001). Asia Law House, Hyderabad. Intellectual property law. Davis, Jennifer (2001). Butterworths, London Intellectual property: patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights. Cornish, W.R. (2001). Universal Law Publishing, Delhi. Textbook on intellectual property rights. Acharya, N.K. (2001).Asia Law House, Hyderabad. Intellectual Property rights in the WTO and Developing countries. Watal, J. (2001) Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Intellectual Property Bulletin.

MBT-301: Advances in Microbial Biotechnology (Genomics, Proteomics & Metabolomics)

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to recent trends in the field of microbial Genomics, Proteomics & Metabolomics. Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction to Microbial genomes Genome sequencing of different microbes and their importance Techniques for genome research (chromosome walking, RFLP etc.) Application of microbial genomic variability for utilizing in human welfare (applications) Phylogenetic relationships between various genera of microbes Unit II 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Sequences as Biological Information - Cells obey the Laws of Chemistry and Physics Evolution by Genome Expansion and Reduction Metagenomics Methods to Compare Genomes Evolution by Genome Expansion and Reduction Archaeal Genomics Microbial Genome Annotation Genomics for pathogenic microbes Search for better vaccines Unit III 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Introduction to microbial proteomics 2D gel profiling of various microbes Microbial pathogenesis at the proteome level Structural proteomics and computational analysis Proteomics of Archaea Proteome research for novel drug targets Techniques for Proteome research (2 D gel, MALDI ToF, Protein purification work station) 21. High throughput proteomic screening for novel enzymes Unit IV 22. 23. 24. Techniques for metabolic engineering Gene manipulation of useful microbes Production of valuable products by metabolic engineering

25. 26.

Strain improvement by metabolic engineering Applications of metabolic engineering

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8.

Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practicals - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

Isolation of RNA. Characterization of different types of RNA molecules Construction of cDNA Demonstration of 2-D gel electrophoresis Demonstration of MALDI ToF Demonstration of DNA/Protein Microarray system Practicals on Microbial Genomics/Proteomics/Metabolomics using computational tools Comparison of genomes. Genome projects and sequence archive databases.

Suggested readings:
1. Microbial Proteomics: Functional Biology of Whole Organisms by Ian Humphery-Smith and Michael Hecker (2006) Publisher: Wiley-Interscience; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0471699756, ISBN-13: 978-0471699750 Microbial Genomics and Drug Discovery by Thomas J. Dougherty and Steven J. Projan (2003) Publisher: CRC; 1st ed. ISBN-10: 0824740416, ISBN-13: 978-0824740412 Metabolic Engineering by Sang Yup Lee and E. Terry Papoutsakis (1999) Publisher: CRC; 1st edition ISBN-10: 082477390X, ISBN-13: 978-0824773908 Advances in Microbial Biotechnology by Rajhi Gupta, Jagjit Singh, T.N. Lakhanpal, and J.P. Jewari (1999) Publisher: A.P.H. Pub. Corp. ISBN-10: 8176480789, ISBN-13: 978-8176480789

2. 3. 4.

MBT-302: Industrial Microbiology-II (Environment, Biofuels, Chemicals, Biomass, Protocols)

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) the benefits of microbes/their products in cleaning the environment (ii) large scale production of useful microbial biomass (iii) production of biofuels and chemicals (iv) useful protocols Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit I (Environment) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Waste water and effluent treatment, Biodegradation of xenobiotics, Bioremediation, Biomining Biodegradable plastics Bioinsecticides Microbes as N and P Biofertilizers Unit II (Biomass) 6. 7. 8. 9. Manufacture of Bakers yeast Single cell protein production especially Spirulina Mushroom cultivation especially Agaricus bisporus Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics Unit III 10. 11. 12. (Biofuels & Chemicals)

Biofuel production especially Ethanol, Butanol, Methane, Hydrogen, Electricity, Biodiesel Organic acids especially Amino acids (glutamic acid, lysine), Citric acid, Acetic acid, Lactic acid Microbial exopolysaccharides Unit IV (Protocols)

13. 14. 15. 16.

Good Lab Practices guidelines Good Manufacturing Processes guidelines Guidelines for use of recombinant microbes Important Biotech companies of India and the World

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practicals - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Estimation of BOD levels of a water sample Isolation of P-solubilizers from the soil Estimation of P-solubilizing activity of P-solubilizer Isolation of Lactobacilli from milk/ curd Production of bacteriocin by probiotics Effect of temperature on the preparation of curd from milk Effect of type of milk on the preparation of curd from milk

Suggested readings:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers by Doyle (2007) Publisher: American Society Microbiolgy; 3rd edition ISBN-10: 1555814077 ISBN-13: 978-1555814076 Food Microbiology: An Introduction by Montville (2005) Publisher: American Society Microbiolgy; 1st edition. ISBN-10: 1555813089 ISBN-13:978-1555813086 Environmental Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual by Ian L. Pepper and Charles P. Gerba (2004) Publisher: Academic Press; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 0125506562 , ISBN-13: 978-0125506564 Advances in Food & Nutrition Research by Steve Taylor (2003) Publisher: Academic Press; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0120164477, ISBN-13: 978-0120164479 Environmental Microbiology by Raina M. Maier, Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba (2000) Publisher: Academic Press; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0124975704, ISBN-13: 978-0124975705 Applied Dairy Microbiology, by Elmer H. Marth and James Steele (2001) Publisher: CRC; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 082470536X, ISBN-13: 978-0824705367

MBT-303: Bioinstruments and their Applications

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: To expose the students to the variety of instruments used in the study of Microbial Biotechnology. Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus. Unit - I Microscopy: Light microscope, Field Microscope, Florescent microscope, Phase contrast microscope, AAS, AFM, SCM, TEM, and SEM, Tunnel microscope. Spectrophotometer: UV and Visible Mass spectroscopy, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. CD spectroscopy, NMR, ESR. Unit - II 4. 5. Centrifugation: Theory and its applications to biological systems, centrifuges, rotors, angle/swing out/vertical, buoyant density centrifugation. Electrophoresis: Theory, different methods of electrophoresis for proteins and nucleic acids. Unit III Chromatography: GC, Paper Ch, TLC, HPLC, FPLC, GCMS, LCMS Crystallography and X-Ray diffraction, Electron diffraction, Neutron diffraction. Radioisotope techniques: radiotracers GM Counter, Proportional and Scintillation counters, autoradiography, MALDI-ToF Unit IV 9. 10. Protein purification workstation Flow Cytometery

1. 2. 3.

6. 7. 8.

Practicals: Total Marks: 50 Int. Asses.-10. Based on the performance of the students during the practical Exam. 40 (Practicals - 20, Synopsis 05, Notebook 05, Viva voce 10)

1. Operation of Microscopes: TEM, and SEM. 2. Running TLC; Rf value using TLC 3. Operation of Centrifuges (microfuge and high speed centrifuge and ultracentrifuge). 4. Operation of GC, HPLC 5. Operation of MS, LCMS, NMR. Suggested Readings:
1. 2. 3. Advances in Chromatography. Eli Grushka and Nelu Grinberg (2007). Publisher: CRC: 1st edition. ISBN-10: 1420060252, ISBN-13: 978-1420060256, Volume 46. Understanding NMR Spectroscopy. James Keeler (2005). Publisher: Wiley; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0470017872, ISBN-13: 978-0470017876. Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy: An Introduction to TEM, SEM, and AEM. Ray F. Egerton (2005). Publisher: Springer; 1st ed.. ISBN-10: 0387258000, ISBN-13: 978-0387258003.

4. 5. 6.

Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging. Douglas B. Murphy (2001). Publisher: Wiley-Liss; 1st edition ISBN-10: 047125391X, ISBN-13: 978-0471253914. Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry. Keith Wilson & John Walker(2000). Cambridge University Press. Introduction to Spectroscopy. Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, and George S. Kriz (2000). Publisher: Brooks Cole; 3rd edition. ISBN-10: 0030319617, ISBN-13: 978-0030319617.

MBT-304: Tutorials
Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: (i) To cover up the academic deficiencies of students (ii) To expose the students to those parts of Microbial Biotechnology which have not been covered in the syllabus (iii) Invited lectures from experts. Exam Pattern: The question paper will be set from the lectures delivered in the Tutorials. Predominantly the pattern of questions will be either MCQ or short notes. The course will consist of lectures on current issues pertaining to Microbiology, Biotechnology and other important topics in the field of biological sciences. The lectures will be delivered by the students/faculty/scientists of teaching/research institutes, industrial personals and government bodies etc.

MBT-401: Journal Club

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: This course will help the students to know the type of research going on various countries. It will also help the students in preparing, delivering and defending a talk. The Int. asses. will be made from the attendance and the interaction of the student in the Journal Club meetings. Students will be asked to deliver a talk on articles from reputed Journals. MBT-402: Dissertation
Total Marks: 400

Objective: To prepare the students as how to carry out independent research work Each student will be given an independent research project. The evaluation will be based on the presentations, knowledge of the topic of research, quality of the compiled Dissertation.
***********