User Guide

User Guide
Version 10.2
Aspen Pinch 10.2
February 2000
Copyright (c) 1984-2000 by Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Aspen Plus®, Aspen Properties®, Aspen Engineering Suite, AspenTech®, ModelManager, Aspen Pinch, the aspen leaf logo
and Plantelligence are trademarks or registered trademarks of Aspen Technology, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
BATCHFRAC and RATEFRAC are trademarks of Koch Engineering Company, Inc.
All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
This manual is intended as a guide to using AspenTech's software. This documentation contains AspenTech proprietary and
confidential information and may not be disclosed, used, or copied without the prior consent of AspenTech or as set forth in the
applicable license agreement. Users are solely responsible for the proper use of the software and the application of the results
obtained.
Although AspenTech has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, the sole warranty for the software may be found in
the applicable license agreement between AspenTech and the user. ASPENTECH MAKES NO WARRANTY OR
REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS DOCUMENTATION, ITS
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Corporate
Aspen Technology, Inc.
Ten Canal Park
Cambridge, MA 02141-2201
USA
Phone: (617) 949-1000
Fax: (617) 949-0130
URL: http://www.aspentech.com
Division
Design, Simulation and Optimization Systems
Aspen Technology, Inc.
Ten Canal Park
Cambridge, MA 02141-2201
USA
Phone: (617) 949-1000
Fax:(617) 949-1030
Contents
1 Getting Started with Aspen Pinch
A Typical Heat Integration Study ................................................................................ 1-1
Understanding Projects and Cases .............................................................................. 1-4
Case Trees and Inherited Data.............................................................................. 1-5
Working with the Aspen Pinch Interface .................................................................... 1-5
Starting Aspen Pinch.............................................................................................. 1-5
Understanding the Aspen Pinch Interface............................................................ 1-6
The Help System ........................................................................................................... 1-8
Starting Help .......................................................................................................... 1-8
Online Help ............................................................................................................. 1-8
User Guide .............................................................................................................. 1-9
Context-Sensitive Help........................................................................................... 1-9
Quitting Aspen Pinch.................................................................................................... 1-9
2 Working with Projects, Cases, and Data

Creating a New Project................................................................................................. 2-1
Switching on the Case Manager Toolbar .............................................................. 2-2
Setting a New Base Directory................................................................................ 2-2
Creating a Case....................................................................................................... 2-4
Designating Units................................................................................................... 2-4
Stream, Utility and DTmin Data........................................................................... 2-9
Economic and Cost Data ...................................................................................... 2-28
Shell Targeting Data ............................................................................................ 2-30
Data Tools ............................................................................................................. 2-31
Working with an Existing Project .............................................................................. 2-34
Selecting the Base Directory................................................................................ 2-34
Selecting an Existing Case................................................................................... 2-36
Editing Existing Data........................................................................................... 2-37
Moving Cases and Case Data............................................................................... 2-37
Copying Cases and Case Data ............................................................................. 2-38
Renaming Cases.................................................................................................... 2-39
Deleting Cases ...................................................................................................... 2-39
Using Data from Older Versions of Aspen Pinch or ADVENT................................. 2-40
Moving UNIX Data............................................................................................... 2-40
Checking Whether Data Files Need To Be Updated .......................................... 2-41
Updating Data Files Within Aspen Pinch........................................................... 2-43
3 Targeting for a New Process

Working with Composite Curves.................................................................................. 3-1
Activating Targeting Functions ............................................................................. 3-2
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Switching on the Targeting Toolbar ......................................................................3-2
Viewing Composite Curves.....................................................................................3-3
Viewing, Adding, and Deleting Pinches ................................................................3-4
Obtaining Exergy Composite Curves ....................................................................3-5
Using Plot Tools.............................................................................................................3-6
Updating Plot Views ...............................................................................................3-7
Identifying Streams in Plots ..................................................................................3-7
Identifying Coordinate Values in Plots .................................................................3-7
Working with Text Within Plots ............................................................................3-8
Viewing Plots with or Without Markers................................................................3-8
Zooming into and Out of Plots................................................................................3-8
Taking a Plot Snapshot ..........................................................................................3-9
Setting Plot Grid Lines.........................................................................................3-10
Setting Background Color in a Plot .....................................................................3-10
Viewing/Printing in Color or Black and White ...................................................3-10
Setting the Limits on Plot Axes ...........................................................................3-11
Printing a Plot.......................................................................................................3-11
Obtaining a Targeting Report ....................................................................................3-12
Report Tools ..........................................................................................................3-13
Obtaining the Grand Composite Curve .....................................................................3-17
Obtaining the Exergy Grand Composite Curve ........................................................3-18
Placing Utilities ...........................................................................................................3-19
Removing Utilities ................................................................................................3-19
Automatically Placing All Utilities ......................................................................3-19
Placing Utilities One at a Time............................................................................3-20
Changing the Utility Duty ...................................................................................3-21
Optimizing Utilities.....................................................................................................3-22
Optimizing DTmin/Utility Loads for Two Utilities.............................................3-22
Setting the Optimization Range ..........................................................................3-25
Optimizing Utility Loads for Multiple Utilities ..................................................3-25
4 Importing and Segmenting Data

Introduction ...................................................................................................................4-1
Importing Aspen Plus and Pro/II Simulation Results ................................................4-2
Before You Start......................................................................................................4-2
Selecting the Aspen Plus Simulation.....................................................................4-3
Setting Data Extraction Options ...........................................................................4-5
Segmenting Streams .....................................................................................................4-9
Auto Segmentation ...............................................................................................4-10
Interactive Segmentation .....................................................................................4-11
Changing Auto Segmentation Accuracy..............................................................4-14
Importing Files from SuperTarget .............................................................................4-15
5 Retrofit Targeting
What You Need for Retrofit Targets ............................................................................5-1
Starting Retrofit Targeting...........................................................................................5-1
Toolbars ...................................................................................................................5-3
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Adding New Alpha Values............................................................................................ 5-3
Specifying Constant Alpha Values ........................................................................ 5-4
Specifying Incremental Alpha Values ................................................................... 5-4
Switching Between Constant and Incremental Alpha ......................................... 5-5
Switching Between Units and Shell Targets............................................................... 5-5
Creating Retrofit Plots.................................................................................................. 5-5
Energy Savings Plot ............................................................................................... 5-6
Creating Reports ........................................................................................................... 5-7
Specific Payback Report ......................................................................................... 5-7
Retrofit Targeting Report....................................................................................... 5-8
Redesigning the Heat Exchanger Network ................................................................. 5-9
6 Total Site Targeting

Starting Total Site Targeting ....................................................................................... 6-1
Identifying Total Site Cases ......................................................................................... 6-2
Entering Case Information .................................................................................... 6-2
Total Site Existing Utilities ................................................................................... 6-3
Displaying Source Sink Profiles ............................................................................ 6-4
Enabling the Total Site Toolbars ........................................................................... 6-5
Placing Utilities............................................................................................................. 6-6
Modifying Targeting Data ............................................................................................ 6-7
Targeting for One Case ................................................................................................. 6-7
Obtaining a Total Site Report ...................................................................................... 6-8
Customizing Your Total Site Report ..................................................................... 6-8
7 Network Design
Starting Network Design.............................................................................................. 7-2
Switching on the Network Design Toolbars.......................................................... 7-3
Changing the Appearance of the Design Grid ...................................................... 7-4
Obtaining More Stream Information .................................................................... 7-5
Placing and Specifying Heat Exchangers .................................................................... 7-7
Placing a Heat Exchanger...................................................................................... 7-7
Specifying a B-JAC Hetran Model......................................................................... 7-8
Calculating B-JAC Hetran Matches.................................................................... 7-16
Specifying Exchanger Conditions ........................................................................ 7-17
Editing and Deleting Exchangers........................................................................ 7-20
Undoing Network Changes .................................................................................. 7-21
Restarting Your Design ........................................................................................ 7-21
Reinitialising Your Design ................................................................................... 7-21
Obtaining Exchanger Information ...................................................................... 7-22
Plot Tools in the Design Grid............................................................................... 7-25
Splitting and Mixing Streams .................................................................................... 7-25
Splitting a Stream ................................................................................................ 7-25
Specifying Split Flows .......................................................................................... 7-26
Mixing a Stream ................................................................................................... 7-27
Deleting Stream Splits and Mixers ..................................................................... 7-27
Placing and Specifying Multi-Stream Exchangers ................................................... 7-27
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Placing a Multi-Stream Exchanger .....................................................................7-28
Specifying Multi-Stream Exchanger Conditions ................................................7-29
Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers ..................................................................................7-30
Specifying New or Existing Exchangers ....................................................................7-32
Design Tools.................................................................................................................7-32
CP Table ................................................................................................................7-33
Driving Force Plots ...............................................................................................7-33
Exchanger Heating/Cooling Profile .....................................................................7-36
Automatic Design..................................................................................................7-37
Working with Network Loops and Paths ...................................................................7-38
Network Loops ......................................................................................................7-38
Network Paths ......................................................................................................7-40
Setting Loop/Path Parameters ...................................................................................7-43
Ordering By Exchanger Number Or Duty ..........................................................7-43
Required and Excluded Exchangers....................................................................7-44
Setting Network Design Parameters .........................................................................7-46
Match Data Temperatures ...................................................................................7-46
CP Table ................................................................................................................7-47
Heat Exchanger Profiles.......................................................................................7-47
Heat Exchanger Defaults .....................................................................................7-47
Heat Exchanger Style ...........................................................................................7-48
Setting Autosave ...................................................................................................7-48
Producing Reports .......................................................................................................7-49
Heat Exchanger Network Report.........................................................................7-49
Heat Exchanger Report ........................................................................................7-50
Cross-Pinch Heat Transfer Report ......................................................................7-50
Customizing Reports.............................................................................................7-51
Printing Networks, Plots, and Reports................................................................7-52
8 Retrofit Design Using Network Pinch

Introduction ...................................................................................................................8-1
Before You Start ............................................................................................................8-2
Retrofit Design Data .....................................................................................................8-3
Exchanger Temperature Approach Limits............................................................8-4
Exchanger Duty Bounds.........................................................................................8-5
Match Constraints ..................................................................................................8-6
Solver Options .........................................................................................................8-7
Retrofit Design Toolbars ...............................................................................................8-8
Locate Network Pinch ...................................................................................................8-8
Execute Retrofit Design ................................................................................................8-9
Resequence Modifications ....................................................................................8-10
Repipe Modifications ............................................................................................8-12
New Exchanger Modifications .............................................................................8-13
Stream Split Modifications...................................................................................8-14
Solver Control ..............................................................................................................8-16
Optimizing Network Modifications ............................................................................8-17
Infeasible Results ........................................................................................................8-17
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9 Heat and Power Models
Furnace .......................................................................................................................... 9-2
Modeling a Simple Furnace ................................................................................... 9-3
What Data Do You Need?....................................................................................... 9-4
Saving Your Furnace Model................................................................................. 9-12
Deleting your Furnace Model .............................................................................. 9-13
Running the Furnace Model Standalone ............................................................ 9-13
Running the Furnace Model in Targeting .......................................................... 9-14
Customizing Your Furnace Report ...................................................................... 9-17
Gas Turbine ................................................................................................................. 9-18
Modeling a Simple Gas Turbine .......................................................................... 9-19
What Data Do You Need?..................................................................................... 9-20
Saving your Gas Turbine Model .......................................................................... 9-31
Deleting your Gas Turbine Model ....................................................................... 9-31
Running the Gas Turbine Model Standalone ..................................................... 9-32
Running the Gas Turbine Model in Targeting ................................................... 9-33
Customizing Your Gas Turbine Report ............................................................... 9-34
Steam Turbine ............................................................................................................. 9-35
Modeling a Simple Steam Turbine ...................................................................... 9-36
Saving Your Steam Turbine Model ..................................................................... 9-46
Deleting Your Steam Turbine Model................................................................... 9-46
Running the Steam Turbine Model Standalone ................................................. 9-46
Running the Steam Turbine Model in Targeting ............................................... 9-47
Customizing Your Steam Turbine Report........................................................... 9-48
Adding a Fired Heater to Your Steam System ................................................... 9-48
Adding Extra Stages to your Turbine Model ...................................................... 9-50
Additional Turbine Feeds and By-Passes ........................................................... 9-50
Refrigeration................................................................................................................ 9-52
Modeling a Simple Refrigeration System............................................................ 9-54
Saving your Refrigeration Model......................................................................... 9-64
Deleting Refrigeration Systems and Cycles........................................................ 9-65
Running the Refrigeration Model Standalone .................................................... 9-65
Running the Refrigeration System Model in Targeting..................................... 9-67
Customizing Your Refrigeration System Report ................................................ 9-67
Adding More Heat Discharge Exchangers to your Model .................................. 9-68
Adding More Refrigeration Levels to your Model .............................................. 9-68
10 Heat Exchanger Network Simulation and Optimization

Data Files Used in Simulation/ Optimization ........................................................... 10-3
Stream Information .............................................................................................. 10-4
Network Information............................................................................................ 10-6
Cost Information................................................................................................... 10-7
Simple HEN Simulation ............................................................................................. 10-8
Before You Start a Simple HEN Simulation....................................................... 10-8
Performing a Simple Simulation ......................................................................... 10-9
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Omitting Exchangers from the Simulation .......................................................10-13
Data Files Used in Simple Simulation ..............................................................10-14
The Simulation Report .......................................................................................10-22
Simulation Report Tools .....................................................................................10-23
Detailed HEN Simulation .........................................................................................10-26
Before You Start a Detailed HEN Simulation ..................................................10-27
Detailed Physical Property Data .......................................................................10-36
Detailed Block Data ............................................................................................10-39
Detailed HEN Simulation: Rating .....................................................................10-51
Detailed HEN Simulation: Design.....................................................................10-53
Simple HEN Optimization ........................................................................................10-54
Before You Start a Simple HEN Optimization .................................................10-55
Optimization Variables and Specifications .......................................................10-56
Performing a Simple Optimization ....................................................................10-59
Detailed HEN Optimization .....................................................................................10-63
Simulation to Meet a Design Specification ..............................................................10-64
Performing Simulation, Optimization and Design Runs for a Single Network ....10-65
Errors and Diagnostics..............................................................................................10-66
Setting Diagnostic Levels ...................................................................................10-67
Index
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Chapter 1
1 Getting Started with

Aspen Pinch
This chapter provides an overview of a typical heat integration study. It shows
the steps in such a study, and how Aspen Pinch should be applied at each stage.
It also introduces Aspen Pinch and its interface, and shows you how to start and
quit from Aspen Pinch.
A Typical Heat Integration Study

The following figure shows the major steps in a heat integration study, together
with the corresponding Aspen Pinch feature. Although the figure implies that a
heat integration study is a once-through procedure, in fact there are several
iterations required to ensure overall optimum results.
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Aspen Plus INTERFACE Aspen Pinch FEATURE

TARGETING DATA ENTRY
Obtain Data (Stream, Utilities, STREAM SEGMENTATION
Cost): Step in Heat
Heat & Material Balance Integration Study
Aspen Plus
Heat Exchanger Table
TARGETING
HEAT & POWER MODELING
New Design Targets:
Energy & Cost,
Simulate Heat & TARGETING
Power System MULTIPLE UTILITIES OPTIMIZATION
HEAT & POWER MODELING
Total Cost
Optimization
RETROFIT TARGETING
Retrofit Target:
Energy & Cost,
TOTAL SITE TARGETING
HEAT & POWER MODELS
Total Site Targets:

Energy & Cost,
Simulate Heat and Power
System TARGETING
COMPOSITE CURVES
Evaluate Process Modifications GRID DIAGRAM

HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK
DESIGN TOOLS
RETROFIT DESIGN
Design Heat
Exchanger Network
(HEN) DESIGN EVOLUTION
Evolve HEN Design to

Reduce Overall Cost NETWORK SIMULATION
NETWORK OPTIMIZATION
NETWORK RATING
B-JAC INTERFACE
Simulate/ Optimize/
Rate your HEN Design
NETWORK FLEXIBILITY
Evaluate the Flexibility

of your HEN Design
Figure 1-1. Steps in a Heat Integration Study, and the Various Features of Aspen Pinch
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A heat integration study consists of the following steps:
1. Obtain data from your process.
2. Establish performance targets for utility consumption, energy costs, and

capital costs.
3. Develop a heat exchanger network design.
4. Check the performance of your heat exchanger network design.
The following section describes these steps.
Obtain data from your process A heat integration study starts by obtaining data
from your process. The data required for a heat integration study are
temperature and duty information for each process stream. For each utility,
temperature and cost information are required. If you want to include a cost
analysis, heat exchanger cost data are also required.
Stream data can be taken directly from a heat and material balance of the
process. Alternatively, the data can be imported from an Aspen Plus simulation
or some other software program. To enter stream data, use Aspen Pinch’s data
entry, the interface to Aspen Plus, and stream segmentation features.
Establish performance targets The next step in a study is to establish

performance targets for utility consumption, energy costs, and capital costs. For a
new heat exchanger network design, use Aspen Pinch’s targeting feature. It
includes the ability to optimize for multiple utilities. For a heat exchanger
network retrofit, use Aspen Pinch’s retrofit targeting feature. For a total site,
where heat can be recovered within and between different process units, use
Aspen Pinch’s total site targeting feature.
When evaluating utility usage and costs, you may want to consider the
performance of any utility system in detail. Aspen Pinch has heat and power
models that simulate utility system performance and enable you to accurately
predict utility system size and cost.
Up to this point, the heat integration study will have predicted the best
performance and cost of the process, using base case operating conditions. You
should also investigate how changes to operating conditions of the process(es)
change the overall heat exchanger network performance. It may be that a
change in operating conditions leads to an improvement in overall cost. You
should use Aspen Pinch’s targeting features—for example, composite curves—to
evaluate process changes.
Develop a heat exchanger network design The next step in a heat integration
study is to move from targeting to design. You will develop a new or revamped
heat exchanger network design. Use Aspen Pinch’s grid diagram and heat
exchanger network design tools to complete your design.

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The network design may contain some small heat exchangers that you will
probably want to remove. Use Aspen Pinch’s network evolution tools, within
network design, to remove any such small heat exchangers, and so reduce overall
cost.
If you are retrofitting a heat exchanger network, use Aspen Pinch's powerful
retrofit design feature, which uses the latest “network pinch” techniques.
Check the performance of your network design Finally, you should check the
performance of your heat exchanger network design. Use Aspen Pinch’s detailed
simulation/optimization/rating features to check the geometric details of the heat
exchangers. You can use such Aspen Pinch features to select tube lengths, tube
pitch, baffle cut, and so on.
If you want to check the flexibility of the network—for example, to check the
effects of changes to stream supply temperatures, or to overall heat transfer
coefficient (due to fouling)—use Aspen Pinch’s flexibility feature.
Understanding Projects and Cases

Each Aspen Pinch study for a different process or site is referred to as an Aspen
Pinch project. Each project will likely cover several different operating cases, and
these are referred to as Aspen Pinch cases. For a study that covers several
process units on one site, each process will be referred to as a case.
When you start Aspen Pinch on a new project, you should select a new directory
or folder on disk, where you will store all project and case information.
The following figure shows a typical Aspen Pinch study, and the relationship
between a project and cases:
Base directory
CRUDE
for the project
- Stream data - Stream data

FEED1 - Utility data FEED2 - Utility data
Subdirectories
- DTmin - DTmin
for individual
cases
SUMMER WINTER MAXGAS
- Stream data - Stream data - Stream data
Figure 1-2. Relationship Between Project and Cases for a Crude Unit

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As Figure 1-2 shows, all operating cases are collected under the base directory
CRUDE. Subdirectories FEED1 and FEED2 represent different feedstock cases.
FEED1 itself has two operating cases, represented by the subdirectories
SUMMER and WINTER. FEED2 has a single operating case, represented by
MAXGAS.
Case Trees and Inherited Data

Within an Aspen Pinch project, cases are arranged as parent and child cases. If
data is required by Aspen Pinch, and the data is not in a given case, Aspen Pinch
looks for the data in the parent case. (The search starts at the case directory and
ends at the base directory.) This minimizes the amount of data that is stored for
a project.
For example, in the earlier Figure 1-2, FEED1 and FEED2 are parent cases,
while SUMMER, WINTER, and MAXGAS are child cases.
Stream, utility, and DTmin data are specified within case FEED1. The child case
SUMMER has its own stream data, but it inherits its utility and DTmin data
from the parent case FEED1.
Data inheritance warning You should exercise caution when editing data
that is inherited by a child case. Any changes you make will be inherited.
Aspen Pinch warns you if your data edits are likely to affect a child case.
Working with the Aspen Pinch Interface

Before you begin working with Aspen Pinch, you should understand the
Aspen Pinch interface and how that interface presents study data.
Starting Aspen Pinch

To start Aspen Pinch, double-click the Aspen Pinch icon in the Advent window:

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The Aspen Pinch startup screen appears.
Understanding the Aspen Pinch Interface

Most of your work in Aspen Pinch is carried out within the Aspen Pinch window
and, within that, the Case Manager window.
The Main Aspen Pinch Window

When Aspen Pinch starts, you see an Aspen Pinch window surrounding a smaller
Case Manager window:
Base directory Aspen Pinch cases
Menu bar
Tool bar
Case
Manager
window
Data tables
The Aspen Pinch window displays context-sensitive menu bars and toolbars.
Many of the commands on the menu bar have equivalent toolbar buttons. You
can use either, depending on your preference.

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The Case Manager Window

The Case Manager window displays the arrangement of Aspen Pinch data. For
each Aspen Pinch project, the Case Manager shows the base directory and the
directories representing each case within that directory. The base directory
contains all cases for a particular project. For any case selected in the left pane
of the Case Manager window, corresponding data files for the case are shown in
the right pane.
For details on how to create and edit cases and data, refer to Chapter 3.
Directories and Cases

The Case Manager shows the relationship between parent and child cases. If
child cases exist and are not shown in the left pane of the Case Manager window,
the parent case name is flagged with a plus sign ( ).
When you click the plus sign, the child cases are revealed and the plus sign
changes to a minus sign ( ). To hide the child case names, click the minus sign.
Any case you are working in assumes an open-folder icon: .
If data has changed within a case but is not yet saved, the folder icon for that
cases changes from to .
You can save or discard any changes to the data in a case at any time, by right-
clicking the mouse on that case. Select Save Case or Discard Changes to case
from the resulting popup menu.
Case Data
When you click on a case in the left pane of the Case Manager window, the right
pane displays Aspen Pinch data files for that case.
Both input and calculated data files are shown. All inherited files are displayed
when the Show Inherited Files box is checked.
Each data file is marked with one of the following symbols:
Text file
Empty file
Inherited file
Inherited and empty file
Note For more information about Case Manager and the organization
of your data, see Chapter 3.

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The Help System

Aspen Pinch has an extensive Help system, which enables you to get information
by:
• Browsing topics by category
• Searching index entries
• Looking up keywords and phrases
Context-sensitive Help is also available within Aspen Pinch.
Starting Help
To start the Aspen Pinch Help system, select Help from the menu bar. You see
four options:
• Aspen Pinch Help Topics Select this if you want to browse through Help
topics, either in the Online Help system or in the User Guide.
• Aspen Pinch Online User Guide Select this if you want to browse through
Help topics only in the User Guide.
• Using Help Select this if you want more information on how to use the Help
system.
• About Aspen Pinch Select this if you want to check on the version number
of your copy of Aspen Pinch.
If you selected Aspen Pinch Help Topics, the Help Topics dialog box appears. By
clicking on the Contents tab sheet, you can access Aspen Pinch On-Line Help and
the Aspen Pinch User Guide.
Online Help
You can view Aspen Pinch online Help by selecting the Contents tab in the Help
Topics dialog box and clicking the Aspen Pinch Online Help book.
Online Help is a summary of all Aspen Pinch Help topics. These entries have
many hypertext links to associated topics and provide a very useful way for you
to learn about a specific subject. Hypertext links are displayed as green,
underlined words. By clicking a hypertext link, you can jump to Help on the
indicated subject.

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User Guide
You can view the online version of this Aspen Pinch User Guide by selecting the
Contents tab in the Help Topics dialog box and clicking the Aspen Pinch User
Guide book.
Context-Sensitive Help
Context-sensitive Help is available throughout Aspen Pinch. To access it, press
Function key F1 at any time.
Quitting Aspen Pinch

To quit Aspen Pinch, click Exit from the File menu. For each unsaved data file,
Aspen Pinch asks whether you want to save the data.
As you exit Aspen Pinch, a Save/Discard Cases Worked On window appears:
If you want to save all the updates you have made during your Aspen Pinch
session, select Save All. If you want to discard all changes, select Discard All.
Optionally, to save or discard changes to an individual case, select the case and
click Save or Discard, as appropriate.
After the save or discard operation, exit Aspen Pinch.

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Chapter 2
2 Working with Projects,

Cases, and Data
This chapter shows you how to organize your study data into projects and cases
using Aspen Pinch’s Case Manager. It describes how to:
• Create a new project and work with an existing project
• Create a new case and work with existing cases
• Set your working units
• Enter your targeting data
See Chapter 2 for information about how to organize your study data. You
should save each study as a separate project. If you look at several cases within
one project, you should save these with separate case names
Creating a New Project

To create a new project, you must:
• Set a base directory
• Create a case
• Designate units
• Enter target data
Each Aspen Pinch project requires its own base directory on disk. Each case
within an Aspen Pinch project is stored in the base directory. If a suitable base
directory does not already exist, you must create it.

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Working with
Projects,
Cases, and
Data
Switching on the Case Manager Toolbar

Aspen Pinch has a dedicated toolbar for use with projects, cases, and data. To
switch on the Case Manager toolbar, from the menu bar select View, then
Toolbars. A Toolbars window appears:
If you want the Case Manager Toolbar displayed, check the Case Mgr Toolbar
box, then OK. The toolbar appears:
Setting a New Base Directory

When you start a new Aspen Pinch project, you need to designate the base
directory that will be used to store all project data.

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To designate the base directory:
1. Within the Aspen Pinch window, select File from the menu bar, then New,
then Base Directory. Alternatively, click the New Base Directory button on
the Case Manager toolbar:
The Choose Base Directory window appears:
2. Click the Create New Base Directory button, then OK..

A Create Base Directory window appears:
3. Complete the Name box or select the path to the new base directory in the
Directory box, then click OK. If you want to create a base directory on a
network, click the network button to connect to a network drive.
You are now ready to start specifying an Aspen Pinch Case to work in, as well as
your operating units and your project data.

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Working with
Projects,
Cases, and
Data
Creating a Case
Each project is likely to require the study of different operating cases—for
example, a summer case and winter case. Each case should be given a unique
name.
To create a new case:
1. From the Aspen Pinch menu bar, select File, then New, then Case.
Alternatively, click on the base directory name in the Case Manager window,
click the right mouse button, and select New from the pop-up menu.
The New Case window appears:
2. If you are creating a child case, the Parent Case field should display the name
of the parent case. Otherwise, the Parent Case box should be left blank. For
a detailed explanation of child and parent cases, refer to Chapter 2.
3. Type a name for the new case in the New Case Name field, then click OK.
The Aspen Pinch Case Manager window displays the base directory with the
new case name below it.
Designating Units
You can either use units that already exist within Aspen Pinch or create your
own units.
This section describes how to:

• Set project units
• Select a unit set for your project
• View units used in a pre-defined set
• Change default unit sets

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Setting Project Units

To set the units required for your project, click the Units button on the common
toolbar in the Aspen Pinch window:
Alternatively, select Data from the Aspen Pinch menu bar, then Units .
The Unit Settings window appears:
The Unit Settings window contains four tabs:
Use this tab To
Set Current Units Select a unit set from among predefined or user-defined sets
Short Unit List View and edit units for the most important entities of a unit set
All Units View and edit a full list of entities and units in a set
Add Units Create your own units
Selecting a Units Set

Aspen Pinch is delivered with the following standard units sets predefined:
Standard Units Set Units
US-ENG °F, MMBtu/hr, ft 2 , psia

METRIC °C, MMkcal/h, m2 , kg cm2
SI K, W, m2 , Pa
SI BASED °C, KW , m2 , bar

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You can create your own units sets to add to this list.
To select a units set:
1. Click the Set Current Units tab in the Unit Settings window.
2. In the Current Unit Set field, select the units you want by clicking the arrow
to display a default set of units.
The units set appears in the window’s Sample box.
3. In the Unit Settings field, specify how to apply the units set:
Choose To apply the units set to
Global All Aspen Pinch projects on your computer

Case Specific Current case only
4. Click OK.
Viewing Your Units

You can view either a summary list of your selected units or a comprehensive list
of all units selected.
To view the summary units list, click the Short Unit List tab in the Unit Settings
window:
Use the scroll bars to fully examine all the units.

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To view the comprehensive units list:
1. Click the All Units tab in the Unit Settings window:
Use the scroll bars to fully examine all the units.
2. To view other units sets, click Previous or Next.

If the units are displayed in record format, only one units set appears in the
window.
3. To view all units sets together in table format, click the Table button.
Use the scroll bars to view all units.
Customizing Your Units

To customize units in your selected units set:
1. Select the All Units tab in the Unit Settings window.

The Unit Settings window appears. It displays units for each Aspen Pinch
default units set.
2. Double-click the units to change.

A units list appears.
3. Click the units you require.
4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for all the units that you want to change.
5. Be certain to enter a units Set Name.

This name will appear in the Set Current Units list.
6. Click Save to save the units in the default units set.

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Creating New Units

You can create your own units for use in your project. However, first you must
know the relationship between the units you want to create and their
corresponding SI units. This relationship should obey the form of the following
equation:
New Unit = C0 + C1 * (SI Unit) + C2 * (SI Unit)2
Where C0, C1 and C2 are constants
To create a new unit:
1. In the Unit Settings window, click the Add Units tab.
2. Click Table to view all units in table format.
3. Use the scroll bar to move to the bottom of the completed fields, to the first
empty row.
4. To view a list of valid entries for a field, click the field and then click the right
mouse button. From the shortcut menu, select Edit. Complete each field.
5. Click Verify to confirm that you have entered all required parameters.
6. Click Save.
The new units are available for use.
The following figure illustrates the data required to set up temperature units of
F, shown in Record format:

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Stream, Utility and DTmin Data

Aspen Pinch enables you to estimate the minimum energy usage for any process.
This minimum energy usage is referred to as the energy target. This section
describes how to enter the data required to calculate such an energy target for
your process. This basic data includes:
• Stream data — Temperature and duty information for the process streams
• Utility data — Temperature/cost data for the utilities
• DTmin — The minimum approach temperature at which heat may be
exchanged within the process
This section describes how to:

• Select a data filter
• Create new data
• Edit data
• Enter or edit a case description, stream data, utility data, DTmin, heat
exchanger cost data, economic data, and heat exchanger shells data
Selecting a Data Filter

You can display all Aspen Pinch data in the Case Manager window. Or you can
display only the data used by a particular feature of Aspen Pinch, such as
targeting or network design.
To filter Aspen Pinch data:
1. From the menu bar, select Options and Data Filter. Alternatively, click the
Data Filter button on the Case Manager toolbar:
The Choose Data Filter dialog box appears:
2. Use the Data Group Filter list box to select the type of data you are interested
in.
3. Click OK.
The right pane of the Case Manager displays the data in that group.

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Creating New Data

To create commonly used data, such as DTmin, Streams, Utilities, Economic
data, Case Description or Title, select Data from the menu bar. From the list that
appears, select the name of the data you want to create.
Alternatively, to view the full list of possible data files required in Aspen Pinch
and then create data from this list, use the following procedure:
1. Click the Create Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:

The Create New Data dialog box appears:
2. Use the Choose the Type of Data list box to select the type of data you want to
create.
3. Click OK.
An Editing Data window appears.
4. Use the window to enter your data.

The following sections explain how to enter each type of targeting data.
Field Help For each data entry field in each editing data window, online Help is
available. To activate online Help, click in the field and press function key F1.
Editing Data
You may already have existing data in Aspen Pinch that you want to edit. To edit
existing data:
1. Find and double-click on the name of the data you want to edit, in the Case
Manager window.
2. Use the window to edit your data.

The following sections explain how to enter each type of targeting data.

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Case Description
It is important to have a description of each case, especially if you are working
with several different cases.
To create a case description:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Case Description. Alternatively, click
the Create Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:
The Create New Data dialog box appears. From the list box within this
window, select Case Description. Then click OK.
2. Type the description of your case in freeform format, as shown:
Stream Data
The minimum stream data required for a given case are stream supply and
target temperatures, stream heat duties, and stream names. You can also create
stream data easily by using the Heat Exchanger Table.
To create stream data:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Streams. Alternatively, click the
Create Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:
2. The Create New Data dialog box appears. From the list box within this
window, select Stream Data. Then click OK.
A Stream Data window appears.

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3. In this window enter the data for your streams, by completing the fields as
shown:
A stream name must be entered before stream data can be input. The form
then requires that at least Tsupp, Ttarg and Duty are supplied for each
segment.
When the first segment of a stream has been entered, it is then only
necessary to enter a Tout value in the next row and the editor will assume
that this row represents the next segment in the same stream. The Tsupp for
this segment will therefore automatically become the Ttarg of the previous
segment.
The stream name is only written once. So, any segments which do not have a
stream name belong to the stream above.
Any time a temperature is changed, and there is an associated Ttarg or
Tsupp value on another segment, that segment will be updated accordingly.
A value for MCP is calculated automatically, when there is Ttarg, Tsupp and
Duty data available. Alternatively, Duty will be calculated if MCP is
provided.
Individual segments can be switched on or off using the ON checkbox in each
row. Segments which are switched off are greyed out.
The Type column shows whether the stream is hot or cold. This is
automatically determined from the Ttarg and Tsupp and cannot be input.

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The form performs certain checks on the completeness of the data. If it finds
an error, the row(s) containing the error(s) will be highlighted in yellow.
When a cell on a row containing an error is selected the status bar at the
bottom of the form gives an explanation of the error (see the previous
example).
You can get help for each field by pressing F1 when the field is selected.
4. An example set of completed stream data is:
To determine energy targets for your process, the minimum stream data
required for each stream are temperatures and duty. To ensure that Aspen
Pinch can calculate the duty of a segment (stream), you must enter one of the
following:
• Segment Heat Duty
• Segment MCP (mass * specific heat)
Toolbar
The toolbar has tool-tips that show you what each button does. Hold the mouse
pointer motionless over a button to see a tool-tip. From left to right the buttons
represent:
Save
Saves any changes made to the data.
Export
Allows the data to be saved to a variety of formats, including Excel.
Print
Prints the current visible sheet

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Copy
Copies the selected cells to the clipboard
Paste
Pastes text from the clipboard into the editor
Insert Row
Inserts a new row above the one currently selected
Delete Row
Deletes the row (or rows) currently selected
View Columns
Brings up the following form:
This form allows the customisation of the stream data editor. The width of each
column and the column name can be changed, as well as the number formatting
for each column - the no. of figures to the right of the decimal point and the total
no. of displayed characters. Columns can also be hidden.

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Column Order
Allows the ordering of columns, using the following form:
Options
As new rows of data are input, numbers for the IDs of Streams and stream
Segments are automatically generated.
These two options, when activated, will keep the numbers allocated to stream
IDs and segments IDs sequential.
If these are switched off you have control and can use any numbers for stream
and segment IDs.
Find
The Find drop down box brings up a list of all stream names which have been
defined, and selecting one will move the focus to that stream.

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Optional Stream Data

If you want to calculate heat transfer area targets and cost targets, you must
enter additional optional stream data, such as:
• Hfilm — Segment film heat transfer coefficient
• Contrib — Segment’s contribution to minimum temperature difference,
sometimes called a delta-T contribution (this is not required for area and cost
targets)
• Cost Law — Stream-specific heat exchanger capital cost law identifier. This
identifier should correspond to one of the identifiers in your heat exchanger
cost data (see Heat Exchanger Cost Data on page 2-28 for more information).
Streams and Segments

For streams where specific heat changes significantly with temperature, the
heating/cooling curve may be broken down into several segments, each with a
different specific heat capacity. This allows the actual heating/cooling curve to be
closely modeled.
To enter several segments for a particular stream into Aspen Pinch, enter each
segment as you would a separate stream. The name and stream number for each
segment must be the same. Each segment ID will be different.
Utility Data
To create utility data:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Utilities, then General Data.
Alternatively, click the Create Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:
window, select Utility Data. Then click OK.
An Editing Utility Data window appears:

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3. In the Editing Utility Data window, enter the data for your first utility, by
completing the fields as shown in the preceding figure.
A more detailed description of each data field is given on the following pages.
4. To enter data for other utilities, and also to verify that all utility data has
been entered and is acceptable to Aspen Pinch, refer to Data Tools on page 2-
31.
Utility Stream Type

Several types of utilities can be modeled in Aspen Pinch. Specify the utility type
in the Type field of the Editing Utility Data window. To view the different utility
types available:
1. Click the field that requires a type.
2. Click the right mouse button.
3. Select List from the shortcut menu.

A Select window appears:
Use this window to scroll through the alphabetic list of utility types, and select
the utility type you require.

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The utility types available in Aspen Pinch are:

Utility Type Utility ID
Air preheat (for furnace model) AIR

Steam generation boiler feed water preheat BFWP
Coal for fired heater COAL
Cold stream generated by heat and power model COLDSTRM
Refrigeration economizer ECON
Electricity ELEC
Furnace flue gas FFLUE
Gas for fired heater GAS
Gas turbine flue gas GTFLUE
Steam for heating HEATST
Hot stream generated by heat and power model HOTSTRM
Hot water HOTWATER
Oil for fired heater OIL
Refrigerant REFRIG
Steam generation vaporization SGEN
Steam generation superheat SUPER
Steam condensate flashed and used as vapor VAPCOND
Cooling water WATER
Steam for driving turbine WORKST
Note You can also double-click in the Type field of the Editing Utility
Data window to display this list.
Optional Utility Data

If you want to calculate heat transfer area targets and cost targets, you may
want to enter additional utility data, such as:
• Hfilm—Utility film heat transfer coefficient
• Contrib—Utility’s contribution to minimum temperature difference,
sometimes called a delta-T contribution
• Cost Law—Utility-specific heat exchanger capital cost law identifier. This
identifier should correspond to one of the identifiers in your Heat Exchanger
Cost Data (see Heat Exchanger Cost Data for more information).

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Utilities Connected to Each Other

Some of Aspen Pinch’s utilities can be connected, as follows:
• Boiler feed water preheat (BFWP), steam vaporization (SGEN), and steam
superheating (SUPER). If the utility data file contains BFWP, SGEN, and
SUPER utilities, and the supply and target temperatures of these utilities are
monotonic (for example, the target temperature of the BFWP equals the
supply temperature of SGEN), Aspen Pinch assumes these utilities are
connected to each other. When Aspen Pinch places steam generation in
targeting, it will determine a steam flow and steam generation profile based
on boiler feed water preheat, vaporization, and superheat, using in-built
steam tables.
• Steam generation (SGEN/SUPER) and steam use (HEATST). If you want to
use the same mass flow of steam that you have generated either at the same
or lower pressure, connect SGEN or SUPER utilities to a HEATST utility,
using the Connect field. The following Editing Utility Data window shows
steam generation SGEN connected to boiler feed water BFW:
This is particularly useful in total site analyses (see Chapter 7).

• Steam for heating (HEATST) and flashed condensate vapor (VAPCOND).
Once steam has condensed against the process, you may want to flash the
condensate and generate some flash steam at a lower pressure. This steam
can then be used to further heat the process. Aspen Pinch’s built-in steam
tables calculate the amount of lower-pressure flash steam generated per mass
of higher-pressure saturated condensate. Only the flash vapor (and not the
flash liquid) is then used to heat the process. To connect such utilities, set the
Connect field of the HEATST utility in the Editing Utility Data window to be
the name of the VAPCOND utility.
• Flashed condensate vapor (VAPCOND) with a lower-pressure flashed
condensate vapor (VAPCOND). Once the higher-pressure flash vapor has
condensed against the process, it can be flashed to a lower pressure to get a
cooler flash steam. To connect such utilities together, set the Connect field of
the higher pressure VAPCOND utility, in the Editing Utility Data window, to
be the name of the lower pressure VAPCOND utility.

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• Hot water (HOTWATER) and a flashed condensate vapor (VAPCOND). Once

the hot water has cooled, it can be flashed to a lower pressure and the
resulting flash steam used to heat the process. To connect such utilities
together, set the Connect field of the HOTWATER utility, in the Editing
Utility Data window, to be the name of the VAPCOND utility.
• Steam used for heating (HEATST) with hot water (HOTWATER). Once steam
has condensed against the process, the condensate can be further used to heat
the process, as hot water. To connect such utilities together, set the Connect
field of the HEATST utility, in the Editing Utility Data window, to be the
name of the HOTWATER utility.
• Flashed condensate vapor (VAPCOND) with hot water (HOTWATER)
• Hot water (HOTWATER) with hot water (HOTWATER)
Note More than one utility can be connected to any one VAPCOND or
HOTWATER utility. All feed utilities are mixed and flashed to
the pressure of the VAPCOND/HOTWATER utility. The pressure
is set by the supply temperature of the utility. This feature can be
used to model desuperheaters, where superheated steam is mixed
with water to reduce its temperature.
To see a list of utilities that can be connected to a VAPCOND or

HOTWATER utility, select the Connect field of the utility in
question, then click the right mouse button and select List from
the popup menu.
Utilities Connected to Heat and Power Models

Several utilities can be used only if they are connected to heat and power
models—for example, AIR, COAL, COLDSTRM, ELEC, GAS, HOTSTRM, OIL,
and WORKST. Other utilities, such as BFWP, ECON, FFLUE, GTFLUE,
HEATST, REFRIG, SGEN, and SUPER can be used either alone or as part of a
heat and power model. For more information on heat and power models, see
Chapter 10.
Fixed Flow Rate Utilities

If a utility has a fixed mass flow rate, enter its flow in the Editing Utility Data
window. Targeting will then give this utility a constant (fixed) heat duty.

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DTmin
The minimum temperature difference for heat exchange is referred to as DTmin.
To create a DTmin data file:
1. From the menu bar, select Data and DTmin. Alternatively, click the Create
Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:
window, select DTmin. Then click OK.
An Editing DTmin window appears:
3. Enter the value for DTmin in the window.
4. Click OK to save your DTmin value and return to Aspen Pinch’s Case
Manager window.
In Targeting, you have a different way to set DTmin:
In
You can enter a DTmin directly or you can specify the hot or cold utility
target and have the program calculate DTmin. Click the Set DTmin button to
set DTmin.

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Heat Exchanger Table

The Heat Exchanger Table is used to quicky create stream data, utility data, the
heat exchanger network, and Total Site Existing Utilities (utility summary
information that can be used in Total Site Analysis – see Chapter 7). The stream
data is approximate – in most cases with segments created around each heat
exchanger on the stream. The Heat Exchanger Table is usually used to quickly
screen the energy saving potential of a process.
To create the Heat Exchanger Table:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Heat Exchanger Table. Alternatively,
click the Create Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:
window, select Heat Exchanger Table . Then click OK.
A Heat Exchanger Table window appears.
3. In this window enter the heat exchangers in your process, by completing the
fields as shown:
This table contains columns which hold information about names of heat
exchangers, names of the streams connecting the heat exchangers, input and
output temperatures, duty and further details about the individual heat
exchangers.
There are two sheets for data input. The sheet shown above is the heat
exchanger-centric view. There is also a stream-centric view where heat
exchanger information is entered stream-by-stream. Each view lets you view
the data grouped by stream or heat exchanger.
There is also a Utility Summary sheet which summarizes the utility
information that you enter in the other two sheets. Data can cannot be input
in this view.
To change between the views click on the tabs at the bottom of the window.

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When entering new data, either a stream name or a heat exchanger name
(depending on the view) must be input first. You then enter the remaining
data about the streams and the heat exchangers.
When starting a new row of data, always use the topmost empty row – do not
have empty rows between rows of data or the data may be lost.
You only need to enter names of streams or heat exchangers one time. When
you click in one of these name fields, a drop down list appears with all
streams or heat exchanger entered so far. You can either select one of these or
type in a new name.
The checkbox on the UT column should be checked for rows which specify a
utility stream. In the previous example, STEAM is a utility stream so UT is
checked. Utility streams are greyed out to distinguish them from process
streams.
The Upstream column is used to define the topology (connections) of the
network. Here you enter the name(s) of heat exchanger(s) which are
upstream of the heat exchanger being input. You can have more than one
upstream heat exchanger, this is how you indicate a mixer. For example, if
you have an arrangement such as:
Exchangers E2 and E3 both have E1 as upstream exchangers – indicating a

stream split. Exchanger E4 has E2 and E3 upstream – indicating a mixer.
When there is more than one upstream heat exchanger, the names are
separated by a semi-colon.
When you click in the Upstream cell, a list appears containing all heat
exchangers entered. Selecting an exchanger that is not in the Upstream cell
appends it to the end; selecting an exchanger that is already in the Upstream
cell removes it.

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The form performs certain checks on the completeness of the data. For
example, that temperature in and out, and duty values have been entered for
all heat exchangers, streams do not contain hot and cold segments, etc. If it
finds an error, the row(s) containing the error(s) will be highlighted in yellow.
When a cell on a row containing an error is selected the status bar at the
bottom of the form gives an explanation of the error (see the previous
example).
Temperature values entered will automatically be copied to respective inputs
or ouputs of other stream segments where the topology has been defined.
You can get help for each field by pressing F1 when the field is selected.
If required, segmented stream data can be input for a heat exchanger. Just
specify the same names, or alternatively, after a row of data has been
entered, you need only enter a Tout value in the following blank row and it
will assume the same heat exchanger and stream (similar to the Stream Data
editor):
As mentioned, data can be entered and viewed in either the stream-centric

view or heat-exchanger-centric view. Although they both essentially contain
the same data, the stream-centric view can also be used to enter segmented
stream data for streams which are not connected to any heat exchanger. This
data will not be displayed in the heat-exchanger-centric view:
Rows containing no heat exchanger names will have that column highlighted.

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The utility summary shows total heat duties for all process – process heat
exchangers and for each utility stream:
4. An example set of a completed Heat Exchanger table is:

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Generating Stream Data

You can generate stream, utility, and heat exchanger network data in two ways:
When you click the Save button you are asked whether you want to generate
Stream data. Click yes to generate stream data.
Use the File-Import menu item:
Note that in both cases any existing Stream data, heat exchanger network data
(Network Design Hxers, Splitters, Mixers, Multi-stream Hxers), and Utility data
will be replaced.
Toolbar
The toolbar is the same as described for the stream data editor (see Toolbar on
page 2-13. The toolbar has tool-tips that show you what each button does. Hold
the mouse pointer motionless over a button to see a tool-tip.

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View Columns
This form allows the customisation of the Heat Exchanger Table editor. The
width of each column and the column name can be changed, as well as the
number formatting for each column - the no. of figures to the right of the decimal
point and the total no. of displayed characters. Columns can also be hidden.
Column Order
Allows the ordering of columns, using the following form:
To change the order of columns, drag and drop the column name.

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Economic and Cost Data

This section describes how to enter economic and cost data for your project. This
data includes:
• Heat exchanger cost data — an equation for exchanger cost as a function of
heat exchange area
• Economic data — operating time each year, lifetime; interest rate on
borrowed capital
Each type is explained in the following section.
Heat Exchanger Cost Data

In order to enter or edit your heat exchanger cost data, you should have your
heat exchanger cost equation in one of the following forms:
Actual Cost = Mobiliz + RefCost * (Size) Exponent
– Or –
(Actual Cost) / RefCost = (Size / Refsize) Exponent
To create a heat exchanger cost data file:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Economic, then User Heat Exchanger
Cost. Alternatively, click the Create Data button on the Case Manager
toolbar:
window, select User Heat Exchanger Cost. Then click OK.
An Editing Heat Exchanger Cost Data window appears:
3. Enter the data for your first heat exchanger cost law, as shown in the
preceding figure. Specify DEFAULT for the first CostID. This will be the cost
law used for your case.

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4. If you have other heat exchanger cost equations you want to use, enter these
as separate records. The additional heat exchanger cost equations can be
applied to different streams in targeting (see page 2-11) or to different heat
exchangers in network design (see Chapter 8).
Economic Data
Aspen Pinch uses economic data to annualize capital costs and utility costs. To
create an Economy data file:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Economic, then General Data.
Alternatively, click the Create Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:
window, select Economic Data. Then click OK.
An Editing Economic Data window appears:
3. Fill out the boxes in this window with the operating time per year and the
lifetime of your equipment, as shown.
For information on Economic Method, refer to the following section.

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Capital Cost Annualization (Economic Method)

Three economic methods are available to annualize capital costs. To view these
methods:
1. In the Editing Economic Data window, click in the Economic Method box.
2. Click the List button in the Editing Economic Data window.

A Select box appears, showing the equations that are used with each method:
3. Select the economic method you want to use, and click OK.
Shell Targeting Data

Aspen Pinch determines area and cost targets using either units (pure counter
current) or heat exchanger shells (non-counter-current heat exchange). Aspen
Pinch calculates such targets based on shells only if shells targeting data is
supplied.
To create a Shell Targeting Data file:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Shell Targets. Alternatively, click the
Create Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:
window, select Shell Targeting Data. Then click OK.

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An Editing Shell Targeting Data window appears:
3. Fill out the boxes in the window as follows:

• Shell Targets—If you want Aspen Pinch to calculate targets using shells,
enter YES. Otherwise, enter NO. If you enter YES, fill out the FTmin or
X fields.
• FTmin or X—Enter either the minimum temperature difference correction
factor for heat exchangers FT min, or a value for the parameter X. The X
parameter defines the fraction of the maximum allowable temperature
overlap in multi-pass heat exchangers. A typical value of X is 0.9, which
corresponds to an FT factor of 0.75 for a 1-2 shell-tube heat exchanger
with heat capacity flow ratio (R) of 1.0.
Data Tools
Once you have clicked the Create Data or Edit Data buttons on the Case
Manager toolbar, the Edit toolbar appears:
This toolbar is designed to help you enter and edit your data. The various
features of the toolbar, together with some additional tips, are explained in the
sections that follow.
Note Most items on this toolbar are also available from a popup menu,
activated by clicking the right mouse button in the Editing Data
window.

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Switching Between Record and Table Format

In Aspen Pinch data can be represented in record or table format. In record
format, only one record is shown in the data window. In table format, all streams
are shown in the data window.
To view data in record format, click the Record button:
To view data in table format, click the Table button:
Moving Between Records

To move between records in Record format, click the Next Record or Prev
(previous) Record button:
Next Record
Previous Record
Inserting and Deleting Records

To insert a record in either Table or Record format:
1. Use the mouse to select the record after the insertion point.
2. Click the Insert Rec button:
To delete a record in either Table or Record format:
1. Use the mouse to select the record to be deleted.
2. Click the Delete Rec button:
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Records

To cut, copy, or paste records in Table format:
1. Highlight the row or cells to be cut, copied, or pasted into.
2. With the mouse positioned over the active row, click the right mouse button.
A shortcut menu appears. The menu includes Cut, Copy, and Paste
commands.
3. Click the command you want to execute.

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Verifying Your Data

Once you have entered your data, you can check it for consistency using Aspen
Pinch’s data checker. To do this, click the Verify button:
This check will tell you whether there are errors in your input data.
Searching Through Your Data

To search for a specific record or field in your data:
1. Click the Find button:

A Find window appears:
2. In the Find What box of the Find window, click either Record or Field.
3. Use the menu in the Find Field box to specify the variable to be found.
Creating a Data Report

To create a report of the data being edited or input, click either the Report Table
or Report Record button:
Report Table
Report Record
The Report Table button generates a report of input data in table format (all
streams on one page).
The Report Record button generates a report of all input data in record format
(separate stream to a page).

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Printing a Data Report

To print a data report, with the report window highlighted on screen, select File,
then Print from the Aspen Pinch menu bar.
If you want to view the report on screen before printing, select File, then Print
Preview from the Aspen Pinch menu bar.
Customizing a Printed Data Report

To customize a printed data report, with the report window highlighted on
screen, select File, then Page Setup from the Aspen Pinch menu bar. A Report
Page Setup window appears, where you can edit the headers and footers of your
reports, the thickness of lines, page borders, and margin sizes.
Working with an Existing Project

To work in an existing project directory, where some data files have been
previously created, you must:
• Select a base directory
• Select a case
You may also want to:

• Edit data within a case
• Move or copy data between cases
• Rename and delete cases
Each activity is discussed in the following sections.
Selecting the Base Directory

To open an existing base directory:
1. Start Aspen Pinch by clicking on the Aspen Pinch icon on your computer
screen.
When Aspen Pinch starts, the Case Manager window appears. The base
directory will be the directory opened the last time Aspen Pinch was used.

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2. You may select a different base directory. From the menu bar, select File,
then New, then Base Directory. Alternatively, click the New Base Directory
button:
A Choose Base Directory window appears.

3. In this window, click on the Set Base Directory button. A window appears
titled Set Base Directory:
This window shows directories and files.
3. Use the mouse to select the new base directory, then click OK.
Aspen Pinch is now set to work in the new base directory.

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Selecting an Existing Case

In most projects you will want to study several operating cases. You may want to
continue working with an existing Aspen Pinch case.
To select an existing case:
1. In Aspen Pinch’s Case Manager window, make sure all cases are listed
beneath the base directory name. If they are not, double-click on the base
directory name:
Base directory Aspen Pinch cases
Menu bar
Tool bar
Case
Manager
window
Data tables
2. Using the mouse, click the required case in the left pane of Aspen Pinch’s
Case Manager window (see Chapter 2).
The folder adjacent to the case name opens, indicating that the case is active.
You have now set up your working case and are ready to continue.

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Editing Existing Data

To edit an existing data file:
1. Select the existing case where you want to work, as explained in the previous
section.
All data files associated with the selected case should be listed in the right
pane of Aspen Pinch’s Case Manager window.
2. Double-click on the name of the data you want to edit.

An Editing Data window appears.
3. Edit the data in this window.
4. When you have finished editing, close the window.

Aspen Pinch prompts you to save the data.
Moving Cases and Case Data

You may want to move a case and all its associated data files to another branch
in your directory tree. Alternatively, you may want to move data files between
cases.
To move a case:
1. In the left pane of the Case Manager window, click the case to be moved.
2. Using the mouse, drag the case icon onto the case’s new parent directory.
All files within that case are also moved.
Note Inherited data files are not moved.
To move data files between cases:
1. In the right pane of the Case Manager window, click the file to be moved. If
more than one file is to be moved, use the mouse to click on each file while
holding down CTRL.
2. Drag the file(s) to the new directory.

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Copying Cases and Case Data

Aspen Pinch allows you to copy a case and all its associated files to a new parent
case. It also allows you to copy selected files from one case to another.
Copying a Case
To copy a case and all its associated data files:
1. In the left pane of the Case Manager window, click the case to be copied.
2. Click the right mouse button to reveal a shortcut menu.
3. Select Copy from this menu.

A Select Copy Options window appears:
If only one case is to be copied, without any child cases, check the Copy One
Case box. If Inherited files are to be copied, check the Copy Inherited Files
Also box.
4. In the left pane of the Case Manager window, click the case that is to receive
the copy.
5. Click the right mouse button and, from the resulting shortcut menu, select
Paste.
A confirmation message appears.
6. Click OK, and your case will be copied.
Note To avoid duplication, the case name is automatically modified by

Aspen Pinch. This can be changed later, as described in
Renaming Cases, page 2-39.
Copying Case Data
To copy individual data files between cases:
1. In the right panel of the Case Manager window, click the file to be copied. If
more than one file is to be copied, use the mouse to click on each file while
holding down the CTRL key.

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Copy.
3. Click the case to which the files are to be copied.
Paste.
The files are copied. If files with the same name already exist in that case,
you are asked whether you want to overwrite the existing files.
Renaming Cases
To rename a case:
1. In the left pane of the Case Manager window, click the case name.
2. Click the right mouse button.
3. From the resulting shortcut menu, select Rename.

A Rename window appears:
4. Type the new case name in the To box, then click OK.
The case name in Aspen Pinch’s Case Manager is automatically updated.
Deleting Cases
To delete a case and all its child cases:
1. Click the case in the left pane of the Case Manager window.
Delete Subtree.
To delete a single case:
1. Click the case in the left pane of the Case Manager window.
Delete This Case.

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Using Data from Older Versions of

Aspen Pinch or ADVENT
If you have data that you created using an older version of Aspen Pinch or
ADVENT, you may need to convert that data before your latest version of Aspen
Pinch is able to read it. This applies to data that was created in either the older
UNIX version of ADVENT, in earlier Windows versions of ADVENT, or in an
earlier Windows version of Aspen Pinch.
If the data was created in UNIX, it must first be moved to the computer where
your Windows version of Aspen Pinch is running.
After the older Aspen Pinch data is on your Windows computer, you can, if
necessary, update it for use with your new version of Aspen Pinch.
Moving UNIX Data
Before working with Aspen Pinch or ADVENT data from a UNIX machine, you
first need to move the data to the Windows computer. An efficient way to do this
is to use a tar file. A single tar file contains all the UNIX data files used by Aspen
Pinch.
Creating a tar File on Your UNIX Computer

To create a tar file of the Aspen Pinch or ADVENT data on your UNIX computer:
1. On your UNIX computer, move to the base directory that contains all your
Aspen Pinch or ADVENT data.
2. Create a tar file by typing:
tar -cvf tarfilename .

It is recommended that you use a descriptive file name with the extension .tar
— for example, workshop.tar.
The period (.) at the end of the tar command places all the files and
subdirectories in your base directory into the tar file. To include only certain
subdirectories, replace the period with a list of subdirectories you want
included.

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For example, to include only subdirectories SD1 and SD2 in your tar file, you
might type:
tar -cvf tarfilename ./SD1 ./SD2
Transfer the tar file to the base directory of the Windows computer where you
are running the new version of Aspen Pinch.
Extracting Data from the tar File

After you copy the tar file from your UNIX computer to the base (working)
directory on your Windows computer, you can begin to extract your data from the
file. There are several ways you can do this, depending on the software you
already have.
Some Windows file compression programs have the ability to extract data from
tar files. If you do not have any Windows software that can handle tar files, use
the tar program provided with Aspen Pinch. To use the tar program supplied by
AspenTech:
1. Open a DOS window, and move to your new base directory.

This is the directory in which your tar file should currently reside.
2. In the DOS window, type:
C:\advent\admin\tar -xvf tarfilename
Note If you installed Aspen Pinch in a directory other than C:\advent,

you need to specify the appropriate path to the tar program.
3. The tar program opens the tar file and reassigns all constituent files into your
new base directory. You will see several messages in the DOS window as the
tar command acts on your tar file. After the tar command has been executed,
you can close the DOS window.
Checking Whether Data Files Need To Be Updated

If your data files were created in either the UNIX version or a previous Windows
version of ADVENT or Aspen Pinch, they may require updating for use in the
latest version of Aspen Pinch.

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To check whether your files need to be updated for use in the latest version of
Aspen Pinch:
1. From within Aspen Pinch, select either the base directory where your files are
stored, or select a single case that you want checked.
2. From the menu bar, select Manager, then Check Data.

A Check Data window appears:
3. In the Check Data window, select the checking mode you desire — either the
whole tree or just the selected case. Then click OK.
The program checks to see if your data must be converted, before being used
in the new version of Aspen Pinch. After the check has been done, you can
view the data check report. Double click on the Check Data Report icon in
the right side of the Case Manager window. A file check window appears:
The file check window will tell you if files need to be converted.
If files need to be updated, follow the update procedure described in the
following section.

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Updating Data Files Within Aspen Pinch

If some of your data files require updating for use by your new version of Aspen
Pinch, follow these steps:
1. From the menu bar, select Manager and Convert Data.

A Convert Data window appears:
2. Select the conversion mode you require: either the entire tree or just the case
you selected in Case Manager. Then click OK.
3. Aspen Pinch converts the data files. If you want to look at exactly what has
been converted, double click on the Check Data Report icon in the right side
of the Case Manager window. A file check window appears, indicating what
data was converted:
Your data files are now ready for use in your new version of Aspen Pinch.

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3 Targeting for a New

Process
This chapter describes how to:
• Target the energy consumption for your process
• Select any number of utilities to heat and cool your process
• Optimize utility targets
The chapter assumes that you are working in the appropriate Aspen Pinch case,
and that you have entered all your targeting data, as described in Chapter 3.
Working with Composite Curves

Composite curves are used to determine the optimal heat exchange in a process.
They show composite heating and cooling profiles for all process streams, and are
the basic tool used in energy targeting.
This section explains how to:

• View composite curves
• Obtain balanced composite curves
• Use two composite curve tools
• View, add, and delete pinches
• Obtain exergy composite curves

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Activating Targeting Functions

To work with composite curves, you need to activate targeting functionality in
Aspen Pinch. Select Tools and Targeting from the menu bar . Alternatively, click
the Targeting button on the Aspen Pinch common toolbar:
Switching on the Targeting Toolbar

Aspen Pinch has several dedicated toolbars for use with targeting. To switch on
the targeting toolbars, select View and Toolbars from the menu bar. A Toolbars
window appears:
Check the boxes against the toolbars you want, then click OK. Depending on
your selection, the toolbars will appear in the Aspen Pinch window as follows:
Targeting Common Toolbar —
Used to print, zoom, and plot
utilities
Targeting Operations Toolbar — Used to switch between Composite

and Grand Composite Curve views, to view reports, and to update
results
Common Data Toolbar — Used to quickly edit streams, utilities or

minimum approach temperature
Targeting Information Toolbar — Used to determine streams and coordinates

of streams in Aspen Pinch’s targeting plots, and to add labels to the plots
Targeting View Toolbar — Used to include utilities, show shifted temperature

plots and exergy curves
User Pinch Toolbar — Used to view, add, and delete pinches

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Viewing Composite Curves

To view composite curves, click the Targeting button on the Targeting Operations
Toolbar:
Alternatively, select Targets and Composite Curves from the menu bar. The
Targeting-Composite Curves window appears:
The window shows the composite curves for your process, and the value used for
DTmin.
Balanced Composite Curves

If utilities have been placed, you can view the balanced composite curves,
including utilities. For information on placing utilities, see Placing Utilities on
page 3-19.
To view balanced composite curves, from the menu bar select Options and
Balanced Composites. Alternatively, click the Show Utils button on the
Targeting View Toolbar:
When this button is clicked, the composite curves in the Targeting - Composite
Curve window are redrawn to include any utilities that have been selected.

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Shifted Temperature Composite Curves

To view the composite curves in shifted temperature coordinates, from the menu
bar, select Options and Shifted Composites. Alternatively, click the shifted
temperatures button of the Targeting View toolbar:
When this button is clicked, the composite curves in the Targeting - Composite
Curve window are redrawn in shifted temperature against enthalpy axes.
Viewing, Adding, and Deleting Pinches

You can view, add, or delete pinches in composite curves. This is particularly
important when you optimize utilities.
Viewing Pinches
To view pinches, select Options, Pinches and Display from the menu bar.
Alternatively, click the Display Pinches button:
Adding Pinches
To add pinches:
1. From the menu bar, select Options, then Pinches, then Add. Alternatively,
click the Add Pinches button:
Note If either Add or the Add Pinches button are greyed, you should
first display the pinches before adding new ones.
2. The cursor changes to a pinch with a ‘+’ sign. Move the cursor to the new
pinch point, and click on the composite curve. If more than one stream causes
the pinch, a message window appears, listing the possible pinch-causing
streams. Select the appropriate stream from the list displayed in the window.
Deleting All Pinches

To delete all pinches that have been added, from the menu bar select Options
from the menu bar, then Pinches, then Delete All. Alternatively, click the Delete
All Pinches button:

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Deleting User Pinches

To delete a user pinch:
1. From the menu bar, select Options, then Pinches, then Delete. Alternatively,
click the Delete Pinches button:
2. The cursor changes to a pinch with a ‘-’ sign. Move the cursor to the pinch to
be deleted, and click on the pinch..
Obtaining Exergy Composite Curves

To obtain the exergy composite curves:
1. From the menu bar, select Targets, then Properties, then Exergy On .
This starts exergy calculations in Aspen Pinch.
2. Obtain the Exergy Composite curves, by selecting Options from the menu
bar, then Exergy Composites. Alternatively, click the Exergy Composites
button on the Targeting View toolbar:
3. If you have not already specified an ambient temperature, the Editing

Ambient Temperature window appears:

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4. Enter the ambient temperature, and the exergetic efficiencies of your power
systems below and above ambient temperature, in the appropriate boxes.
Then click OK.
The exergy composite curves appear, showing the exergy loss:
To obtain the exergy target report, select Targets from the menu bar, then
Report, then View. Alternatively, click the Report button on the Targeting
Operations toolbar:
Using Plot Tools

Aspen Pinch has many tools to help you understand and manipulate plots. You
can:
• Update plot views
• Identify streams and coordinate values
• Add comments to plots
• Set markers at each calculated point in a plot
• Zoom in to one section of a plot
• Take a snapshot of a plot
• Set grid lines and a background color
• View/print in color or black and white
• Set the limits on plot axes
• Print a plot
The following sections describe how to perform these tasks.

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Updating Plot Views

Aspen Pinch will automatically update all plots and results. This automatic
update occurs only if you have selected Targets from the pull-down menus, then
Properties, and Enable Automatic Update is checked. If Enable Automatic
Update is not checked and you want to update your plots after you have modified
and saved your data, click the Update All Views button on the Targeting
Operations toolbar:
Identifying Streams in Plots

To identify the streams that exist at a particular point in the composite curves:
1. From the menu bar, select Options, then Identify Streams. Alternatively,
click the Identify Streams button on the Targeting Information toolbar:
2. The cursor changes to an ID shape. Click any point on the curves in your plot.
The names of the streams passing through the selected point appear next to
that point. To switch off the Identify Streams feature, double click on any
point in your plot.
Identifying Coordinate Values in Plots

To identify coordinate values in plots:
1. From the menu bar, select Options and X,Y Values. Alternatively, click the
X,Y Values button on the Targeting Information toolbar:
2. The cursor changes to a cross. Click any point on the curves in your plot.
The coordinates of the touched point appear next to that point. To switch off
the X,Y Values feature, double click on any point in your plot.

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Working with Text Within Plots

To add text to plots:
1. From the menu bar, select Options and Text. Alternatively, click the Text
button on the Targeting Information toolbar:
2. Use the mouse to select a point in the plot window, then type your text. The
text will appear in the plot at your selected point. To switch off the Text
feature, double click on any point in your plot.
To reposition text that you have previously added to a plot:
1. Click on the text, which then becomes highlighted.
2. With the pointer positioned over the highlighted text, keep the left mouse
button pressed, and move the pointer to the new text location. The text moves
with the pointer.
Viewing Plots with or Without Markers

Aspen Pinch can display your plot with a marker at each calculated point.
To display markers, from the menu bar select Options and ensure that Markers
On is checked. Alternatively, click the Markers On button in the Targeting
Common toolbar:
To remove markers, click the Markers On button again.
Zooming into and Out of Plots

To zoom in on one section of your plot:
1. Click in the plot window.
2. While pressing the left mouse button, drag the cursor to mark a rectangular
area for enlargement.
3. From the menu bar, select View, Zoom and Zoom In. Alternatively, click the
Zoom In button:

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You can maintain the same degree of enlargement while viewing a different part
of your plot. To do this:
1. Zoom in on one section of your plot, as described in the last procedure.
2. From the menu bar, select View, then Zoom, then Pan. Alternatively, click
the Pan button in the Targeting Common toolbar:
3. Your plot appears unmagnified, but with a box showing the area to be
enlarged:
4. Click the box and drag it until it covers the area you want enlarged. Release
the mouse button.
The plot inside the box appears enlarged.
You can also change the degree of enlargement by dragging the corners of the
box.
To reset the zoom, select View from the menu bar, then Zoom, then Zoom Full.
Alternatively, click the Zoom Full button in the Targeting Common toolbar:
Taking a Plot Snapshot

You can take a snapshot of a plot, perhaps for reference later in your study.
Once you have taken a snapshot, the snapshot remains in a separate Snapshot
window within the main Aspen Pinch working window. It remains there until
you close the Snapshot window or you shut down Aspen Pinch. Once removed,
the snapshot cannot be retrieved.

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To take a snapshot:
1. Click the plot window of the plot you want to snapshot.
2. From the menu bar, select View and Snapshot. Alternatively, click the
Snapshot button in the Targeting Common toolbar:
A new Snapshot window is created containing a copy of your plot. This
snapshot remains in the main Aspen Pinch working window until either you
close it or shut down Aspen Pinch.
Setting Plot Grid Lines

To add major grid lines to a plot, from the menu bar select Options, then Grid
Lines, then Major Lines. Alternatively, click the Major Lines button in the
Targeting Common toolbar:
To add major and minor grid lines to a plot, select Options from the menu bar,
then Grid Lines, then Major and Minor Lines . Alternatively, click the Major and
Minor Lines button in the Targeting Common toolbar:
To remove all grid lines from your plot, select Options from the menu bar, then
Grid Lines, then No Grid Lines from the menu bar. Alternatively, click the No
Grid Lines button in the Targeting Common toolbar:
Setting Background Color in a Plot

To set a white background color for your plot, from the menu bar select Options,
then Background, then White. Alternatively, click the White Background button
in the Targeting Common toolbar:
To set a black background color for your plot, from the menu bar select Options,
then Background, then Black. Alternatively, click the Black Background button
in the Targeting Common toolbar:
Viewing/Printing in Color or Black and White

To toggle between color and black and white views/printouts for your plots, from
the menu bar select Options, then Monochrome Mode.

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Setting the Limits on Plot Axes

To change the limits on a particular Aspen Pinch plot:
1. With a plot window active, select View from the menu bar, then Zoom, then
Set Min Max. A Set Graph Limits window appears:
2. To enter your own limits for the axes, check the first box for Enter axes
mnima and maxima in the Set Graph Limits window.
3. If you want tick marks on your axes, check the second box for Enter major
and minor tick marks. Then complete the window according to your
preference.
Printing a Plot
To print a plot:
1. Make the plot window active by clicking it.
2. From the menu bar, select File then Print Preview. Alternatively, click the
Print Preview button on the Targeting Common toolbar:

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3. If the print preview plot appears the way you want it, click the Print button
within the preview window.
If the plot does not appear the way you want it in the preview:
• Close the print preview window.
• Select File from the menu bar, then Page Setup .
• Change the print parameters and preview the plot again. You can change
headers and footers, set a page border, alter line thickness, and change
margin sizes.
• When the print preview shows the plot you want, select Print.
4. After your printing preferences are set, you can make additional prints by
selecting File and Print from the menu bar. Alternatively, click the Print
button from the main toolbar:
Obtaining a Targeting Report

To obtain a Targeting report, from the menu bar select Targets, then Report,
then View. Alternatively, click the Report button in the Targeting Operations
toolbar:
The report appears in a Targeting Report window:

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Report Tools
Aspen Pinch has several tools to help you quickly review and move within your
report. The tools can be used with any Aspen Pinch report. The tools can be
activated from the menu bar, or from the Report toolbar. To view the Report
toolbar:
1. With the report window active, select View from the menu bar, then Toolbars.
A Toolbars window appears:
2. Check the Report toolbar box, then click on OK. The Report toolbar should
then be displayed.
Find Text
To find text in your report:
1. From the menu bar, select Edit, then Find. Alternatively, click the Find
button on the Report toolbar:
A Find window appears:
2. Enter the text you want to find in the box provided within the window.

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Qualify your find operation by checking either the Up or the Down button in
the Direction box, and by checking the Match Case box. If you want to search
using the wildcard character (*), check the Use Pattern Matching box.
3. Click Find Next.

If Aspen Pinch finds the text, the cursor position in the Report window moves
to that text.
Set Bookmarks
To easily move within your report, Aspen Pinch allows you to set bookmarks. For
example, you could set a bookmark called Results at the beginning of the
targeting results.
To set bookmarks in your report:
1. Move the cursor to the position in your report where you want to place the
bookmark.
2. From the menu bar, select Edit and Bookmark. Alternatively, click the
Bookmark button on the Report toolbar.
A Bookmark window appears:
3. Enter the name you want to give the bookmark, then click Add.
If you have several bookmarks, each will be listed. This helps you pick a
unique bookmark name.
4. To delete or go to other bookmarks, highlight the bookmark name you want to

delete or go to, then click either the Delete or Go To box.
Multiple bookmarks in the Bookmark window can be listed in alphabetical or

positional order. Select your preference by clicking either Name or Position.

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Go To
Aspen Pinch allows you to quickly move within a report, using line numbers or
bookmarks.
To use the Go To facility:
1. From the menu bar, select Edit and Go To. Alternatively, click the Go To
button on the Report toolbar:
A Go To window appears:
2. To move to a given line using a line number, click Line in the Go To What
box, then enter the line number in the Line Number field, as shown in the
window above.
3. Click Go To.
The cursor moves in the Report window to the beginning of your specified
line.
4. To move to a given bookmark, select the bookmark you want from the
Bookmark listbox:
5. Click Go To.
The cursor moves in the Report window to the bookmark position you
specified.

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Snapshot
Aspen Pinch lets you take a snapshot of your report, perhaps for comparison with
another report later in your analysis. To take a snapshot of the report, from the
menu bar select View, then Snapshot. Alternatively, click the Snapshot button in
the Report toolbar:
A new window is created, titled Snapshot of Targeting Report, and containing a

copy of your report.
Refresh Report
If you want to refresh your report view, select View from the menu bar, then
Refresh. Alternatively, click the Refresh button in the Report toolbar:
Split Report
Aspen Pinch allows you to split your report view in up to four separate windows.
This is useful if you want to compare different parts of the same report.
To split your Report window into several windows:
1. From the menu bar, select Window, then Split. Alternatively, click the Split
button in the Report toolbar:
The cursor appears over the Report window, dividing it into four regions.
2. Move the cursor to set the size of the windows you want, then click the left
mouse button.
The window splits.
Formatting
Several buttons on the Report toolbar and items in the menu bar allow you to
edit your report format:
Select All — Selects the whole report. From the menu bar select Edit, then
Select All. Alternatively, click the Select All button:
Set Tab Spacing for This Window — Lets you set the number of character
columns between tabs. From the menu bar select View, then Set Tab Stops.
Alternatively, click the Set Tab Spacing button:

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Select Font — Lets you change the fonts used in the report. Use this button if
you want to change the font, font style, and/or text size. From the menu bar
select View, then Font. Alternatively, click the Change Font button:
Printing
To print your report, select File from the menu bar, then Print . Alternatively,
click Print on the Report toolbar:
To preview your Report print, select File from the menu bar, then Print Preview.
Alternatively, click the Print Preview button in the Report toolbar:
If you want to change the appearance of your printed report:
1. Close the Print Preview window.
2. From the menu bar, select File, then Print Setup.
3. Change the print parameters and preview the report again.
4. When the preview shows the report in the format you want, click Print from
within Print Preview.
Obtaining the Grand Composite Curve

Composite curves are used to set overall energy targets for a process. However, to
determine the minimum duty on individual utilities, you should use the grand
composite curve. The grand composite curve represents the heating and cooling
that has to be done after all process-process heat exchange is accounted for.
To obtain the grand composite curve, you should be working in Targeting. (The
main Aspen Pinch window will be labeled Targeting.) From the menu bar, select
Targets, then Grand Composite Curve. Alternatively, click the Grand Composite
Curve button in the Targeting Operations toolbar:

Version 10.2
Targeting for a
New Process
The Targeting - Grand Composite Curve window appears:
To modify and print the grand composite curve, see Using Plot Tools.
Obtaining the Exergy Grand Composite

Curve
The exergy grand composite curve is used to estimate the exergy loss in a heat
exchanger network.
To obtain the exergy grand composite curve:
1. Make sure the exergy feature is enabled by selecting Targets from the menu
bar, then Properties, then Exergy On.
2. Select Targets from the menu bar, then Grand Composite Curve.
Alternatively, click the Grand Composite Curve button in the Targeting
toolbar:
3. From the menu bar, select Options, then Exergy Grand Composite.
Alternatively, click the Exergy Grand Composite button in the Targeting
View toolbar:

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Chapter 3
Placing Utilities
When you obtain a grand composite curve, if you have switched the toolbar on,
the Targeting Place Utility toolbar appears:
Use either the menu bar or this toolbar to set the minimum usage of each utility.
Minimum utility usage is calculated using the grand composite curve.
Removing Utilities
If some utilities have already been placed against the grand composite curve, you
can remove them by selecting Targets from the menu bar, then Utility
Placement, then Remove All. Or click the Remove All Utils button on the Place
Utility Toolbar:
Automatically Placing All Utilities

To automatically place all utilities against the grand composite curve, on the
menu bar select Targets, then Utility Placement, then Auto Place, then At
DTmin. Alternatively, click the Auto Place at DTmin button on the Place Utility
toolbar:

Version 10.2
Targeting for a
New Process
Aspen Pinch places the active utilities against the Grand Composite Curve, as
illustrated in the figure below:
Placing Utilities One at a Time

To place one utility at a time or to edit an individual utility:
1. From the menu bar, select Targets, then Utility Placement, then Select
Utility. Alternatively, click the Select Utility button on the Place Utilities
toolbar:
The Select Utility window appears:
2. Click the utility you want to place in the grand composite curve, then click
Apply.
Aspen Pinch places the utility against the grand composite curve.
3. Repeat Step 2 for each utility, until all utilities have been placed. After all
utilities have been placed and the process’ heating and cooling requirements
have been satisfied exactly, the grand composite curve has the label Heat
Balance.

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Chapter 3
Changing the Utility Duty

Select a single utility by clicking on that utility in the grand composite curve.
Once the utility is selected, you can change the utility duty in a number of ways.
One way is to click the right mouse button over the plot, and select one of the
various utility and plot options in the pop-up menu that appears. Alternatively,
you can use the menu bar or the buttons in the Place Utility Toolbar:
To set the duty of a utility you have placed
1. Make sure the utility is highlighted in the grand composite curve.
2. From the menu bar, select Targets, then Utility Placement, then Heat Duty.
Alternatively, click the Heat Duty button:
A dialog box appears:
3. In the dialog box, double-click the Utility Heat Load field, and enter the new
duty.
4. Click OK.
Aspen Pinch updates the utility duty in the grand composite curve.
To maximize the utility duty to fit the grand composite curve Select
Targets, then Utility Placement, then Complete. Alternatively, click the
Complete Utility button:
To force the utility into a pocket in the grand composite curve Select
Targets, then Utility Placement, then Into Pocket. Alternatively, click the Utility
Into Pocket button:
To remove the utility from the grand composite curve Select Targets, then
Utility Placement, then Remove. Alternatively, click the Remove Utility button:

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Optimizing Utilities
You use the menu bar or the Targeting Optimization toolbar to optimize the
targeted utilities. This toolbar appears when you click the Targeting button and
the grand composite curve window is active.
Targeting Optimization Toolbar
Optimizing DTmin/Utility Loads for Two Utilities

To optimize DTmin/Utility loads for two utilities:
1. Make sure you are in Targeting. (The main Aspen Pinch window is labeled
Aspen Pinch - Targeting.)
2. Make sure the grand composite curve window is active.
3. From the menu bar, select Targets, then Optimize, then Select Utilities.
Alternatively, click the Optimization Utilities button:
The Select Optimization Utilities dialog box appears:
The left panel lists the utilities that will not be optimized. The right panel
lists the utilities to be optimized.
4. Select two utilities for optimization. Use the Add, Remove, and Clear buttons
to move utilities between the two panels, then click OK.
5. Click the Optimization Type/Run button:

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The Optimization Type window appears:
You can optimize utility load, Dtmin, or utility level. Utility load is
recommended, because Aspen Pinch does not then need to verify that all
temperature differences are greater than DTmin.
6. Select an Optimization type.

Utility-level optimization is available only for refrigerant (REFRIG) and
refrigeration economizer (ECON) type utilities .
7. Click OK to run the optimization .
An optimization message appears in the bottom left of the Aspen Pinch

window, indicating the type of optimization selected and the progress of the
optimization.
8. Once the optimization is completed, select Targets, then Optimize, then Plots.
Alternatively, click the Define Optimization Plots button to select the
optimization plots you want to view:

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The Define Optimization Variable window appears:
You can select one X axis variable and any number of Y axis variables from
the list.
9. Click the variables you want from the Define Optimization Variable window,
then click OK.
A window containing the required plot appears:

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Chapter 3
If you want to view multiple plots, repeat Steps 8 and 9.

You can define optimization plots at any time.
Setting the Optimization Range

By default, Aspen Pinch optimizes utility loads over a full range. To control the
optimization range, click the Range button in the Optimization Type dialog box.
The Optimization Range window appears:
If you used optimization type:

• Load, the Optimization Range window, enables you to specify the range of
utility duty to be studied during optimization, given as a fraction of the full
load range, as shown in the previous figure.
• DTmin, the Optimization Range, window enables you to set the DTmin
values to be used in the optimization.
Optimizing Utility Loads for Multiple Utilities

Aspen Pinch can optimize capital and energy costs for more than two multiple
utilities. To do that:
1. Place all your utilities at the smallest acceptable value for DTmin,
DTmin = 1° C.
A simple way to do this is to select Targets from the menu bar, then Utility
Placement, then Auto Place, then At 1 deg C.
2. With the grand composite curve active, select Targets from the menu bar,
then Optimize, then Auto Optimization Utilities.

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The Editing Auto-Optimization Utils window appears:
3. Use the Include column to select the utilities to be included in the

optimization.
YES indicates inclusion, NO indicates omission.
4. Click OK to accept your choices.
5. To optimize, select Targets from the menu bar, then Optimize, then Auto
Optimize .
Aspen Pinch optimizes the utilities. You can observe the progress of
optimization in the bottom left corner of the main Aspen Pinch window.
Once optimization is completed, the grand composite curve is still active.

Although the original value of DTmin is shown, the utility loads will have
changed, due to the optimization.

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To view the results of automatic optimization Select Targets from the main
menu bar, then Optimize, then Auto Optimization Report.
The Auto Optimization Report window appears:
The Auto Optimization Report window shows the results of each step of the
optimization, and the overall results.

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Version 10.2
Chapter 4
4 Importing and
Segmenting Data
This chapter explains how to:
 
• Import Aspen Plus or Pro/II simulation results into Aspen Pinch
• Segment streams to accurately represent stream heating/cooling curves
• Import data from other programs such as SuperTarget™
Introduction
Aspen Technology has provided a powerful interface between Aspen Pinch and its
steady-state simulation tool, Aspen Plus. This interface saves time, increases
accuracy, and minimizes or eradicates transcription errors. Once an Aspen Plus
simulation has been completed, you can easily run Aspen Pinch and import the
simulation results, automatically creating stream and heat exchanger network
data.
Aspen Pinch can retrieve from Aspen Plus:

• Simple stream data
• Detailed heating and cooling curve information
• Physical and transport properties for process streams
• Heat exchanger network information

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Segmenting
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It is important to be able to retrieve heating and cooling curves for process

streams because, in many cases, stream-specific heats change significantly with
stream temperature. For such streams, you should use several segments to
describe the heating or cooling profile. Each segment has a different specific heat.
The use of segments ensures that the stream data used by Aspen Pinch closely
matches actual data. This is especially important when small errors in a stream’s
heating/cooling curve could affect the heat recovery system design, such as in
low-temperature systems in which small temperature differences are used.
Importing Aspen Plus and Pro/II

Simulation Results
This section describes:
• What you need to do before importing simulation results from either Aspen
 
Plus or Pro/II into Aspen Pinch
• How to select a simulation for data extraction
• How to select data extraction options
Before You Start

The description here uses Aspen Plus as the simulator. Unless otherwise
noted, the description also applies to importing a Pro/II 5.x simulation.
Before beginning to import results from an Aspen Plus simulation, make sure:
• The simulation has converged.
• Simulation results are saved as a backup (.bkp) file, or as an Aspen Plus
document file (.apw). In the case of Pro/II make sure the results are saved
with extension .pr1, .pr2, or .pr3 (not the compressed database with a .prz
extension) and that they all are saved in the same folder.
You do not have to open Aspen Plus on your PC. Once Aspen Pinch starts to read
the data, it will start Aspen Plus as needed.
The following example shows how data is extracted from Aspen Plus in a process
to hydrogenate benzene to cyclohexane. The Aspen Plus backup file (.bkp) for this
example is in the Sample Problems directory supplied with Aspen Pinch.

Version 10.2
Chapter 4
H2RCY
BFW
R-COOL RX-COOL V-FLOW
STEAM1 VAP PURGE
H2IN FEED-MIX FEED-HTR
FEEDMIX RXIN
BZIN RXOUT
HP-SEP
REACT
Q LTENDS
STEAM2 BFWOUT LIQ
AVAILH
L-FLOW COLUMN
CHRCY COLFD
PRODUCT
Figure 4-1. Example Flowsheet, Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexane
Selecting the Aspen Plus Simulation

To select the Aspen Plus simulation to be imported into Aspen Pinch:
1. Select an existing Aspen Pinch case, or create a new case in which you will
work and store your data files. For more information, see the chapter
Working with Projects, Cases and Data.
2. Choose the File-Import option in Aspen Pinch and select the simulator of
interest:

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3. In the Aspen Pinch main window, select from the menu bar File, Import and
Aspen Plus. The Open ASPEN PLUS Simulation window appears:
In the case of Pro/II simulations:
4. Select the location and name of the file that contains your converged
simulation. Click the Open button to start the import procedure into Aspen
Pinch.
Aspen Plus is automatically started in a separate window. The Pro/II
simulator is not started.
You might see the Server Busy dialog box as Aspen Plus is starting. You can
click either the Switch To… or Retry button, or simply wait for this message
box to go away.
After Aspen Plus has started, you will be ready to set the data extraction
parameters within Aspen Pinch. These are described in the next section.

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Chapter 4
Setting Data Extraction Options

After you have performed the steps in the previous section, the Data Extraction
Options dialog box will display, as follows:
The following sections describe the checkboxes in this dialog box.
Apply Data Extraction Rules

Select this option if you want Aspen Pinch to apply in-built data extraction rules
when retrieving data. This option can reduce the amount of effort you have to put
in selecting appropriate data. Leaving this option unchecked usually results in
stream data that more closely matches your Aspen Plus simulation. For more
information on data extraction, see the Pinch Technology Training Course Using
Aspen Pinch.
Ignore Pseudostreams
Pseudostreams can exist in any Aspen Plus simulation. These streams usually
are internal flows within a simulation block, for example distillation column
internal flows. In most cases, pseudostreams do not represent streams between
units, and hence are not likely to be relevant for heat integration. You should
still review such streams to make sure they do not represent real process
streams that could take part in heat exchange. If you do not want Aspen Pinch to
read pseudostreams, select this option (default). This option us disabled with
Pro/II.

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Review Extracted Streams Before Saving

If you select this option in the Data Extraction Options dialog box, Aspen Pinch
will create a provisional list of the stream data that can be extracted from the
simulation file. It will then present this list for you to review and change. For
example:
The list comprises the streams in the simulation. The stream names Aspen Pinch
creates are derived from the Aspen Plus block names. The stream name could
just be the Aspen Plus name (for heaters/coolers). The letters FD or PR might be
added to the end, depending on whether the stream is a feed or a product. If heat
is associated with the Aspen Plus block, the word HEAT might be added.
Distillation columns use the Aspen Plus column name, with COND and REB
added for the condenser and reboiler respectively. If you want to replace the
stream name, use the Editing Data Extraction Information dialog box shown
above.
In the Editing Data Extraction Information dialog box, enter Y in the Save?
column next to the names of the streams you want to extract and pass into Aspen
Pinch. Enter N next to the streams you don't want to extract.
You may also change stream information here, such as stream names,
temperatures, pressures, flows and duties.
Click OK to save and close the window. Aspen Pinch extracts only your selected
streams, incorporating any changes you made.

Version 10.2
Chapter 4
Apply Changes Made in Previous Data Extraction

Suppose that, during a process improvement study of a process flowsheet, you
extracted streams from an Aspen Plus simulation once, and modified the
simulation conditions, perhaps following recommendations from your Aspen
Pinch results. If you want to extract the streams from the revised simulation into
Aspen Pinch again, select the Apply changes made in previous data extraction
option in the Data Extraction Options dialog box. Any changes made to data in
the previous data import will be incorporated into the new data import. For
example, this includes stream names, temperatures, pressures, flows, and even
the addition of new streams.
This is a very useful option. The first time data is extracted from the Aspen Plus
flowsheet, make sure the data is correctly extracted in the right form for Aspen
Pinch. After you have verified the data extraction once, subsequent data imports
are easy and automatic.
Single Step
You can use the Single Step option in the Data Extraction Options dialog box to
review the temperatures and conditions of each stream as it is extracted. You can
change temperatures and pressures, and obtain additional information about any
data extraction rule followed to obtain the data for a stream. When you select
this option, the Extracted Pinch Stream dialog box appears during the data
extraction.

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If you want to extract the stream, check the Include Stream box and perform the
following procedure. Otherwise, leave the Include Stream box blank.
1. If required, change the stream name in the Name box.
2. If you want to extract density, viscosity, thermal conductivity or surface

tension data, in addition to enthalpy data, then click on the Properties
button. Such data is required if performing a detailed simulation of the heat
exchanger network. A Select Physical Properties window appears:
After selecting the options, click OK to save and close the window.
3. Use the Supply and Target panes in the Extracted Pinch Stream window to
change the stream supply or target information. Here, you can change the
stream conditions. To restore the conditions from the flowsheet, click the
appropriate Get From Simulation button.
If you change any values, the simulation results are overridden and you may
get a different heat and material balance in your Aspen Pinch study. If you
selected the Apply changes made in previous data extraction box in the Data
Extraction Options dialog box, the values you enter will be used in
subsequent data extractions. If you click the Get From Simulation button,
subsequent data extractions will revert to retrieving values from the
simulation.
4. To save and close the Extracted Pinch Stream dialog box, click OK to move to
the next stream, or Finish to extract all the remaining streams from the
simulation.
If you selected the Review Extracted Streams Before Saving option in the Data
Extraction Options dialog box, you will still be able to review stream data before
importing them into Aspen Pinch.

Version 10.2
Chapter 4
Heating/Cooling Curves
Aspen Pinch enables you to extract detailed heating and cooling curve data for
streams in the Aspen Pinch simulation. This is very important if you want to
accurately model heat exchange systems, especially for low temperature systems
where small differences in temperature can lead to large discrepancies in energy
and area targets.
By clicking on the Properties button, you can also set Aspen Pinch to extract
density, viscosity, thermal conductivity or surface tension data, in addition to
enthalpy data, at each point in your heating/cooling curve. Aspen Pinch requires
this data if you want to do detailed simulation/optimization of the heat exchanger
network.
Heat Exchanger Network

If you check the Heat Exchanger Network box, Aspen Pinch will also extract the
heat exchanger network contained within your Aspen Plus simulation. The data
extraction retrieves two stream and multistream heat exchangers in the
simulation, as well as blocks connected by heat streams. If you have Aspen B-
JAC Hetran heat exchangers in your simulation, these are extracted as Hetran
models in Aspen Pinch and Network Design/Simulation will run Aspen B-JAC
during calculations. This can save a large amount of work later in your heat
integration study.
Flowsheet
This shows the Aspen Plus file from which stream data is being extracted. This
can be changed by clicking on the Browse button.
Segmenting Streams
Pinch technology requires all streams to be represented by a straight-line heating
or cooling profile. Sometimes, such a simple representation is not accurate
enough, and so the stream must be represented by several smaller straight line
segments.
Aspen Pinch automatically segments all streams that are extracted from Aspen
Plus.

Version 10.2
Importing and
Segmenting
Data
Auto Segmentation
If you are importing data directly from Aspen Plus, Aspen Pinch automatically
segments the stream data. You may want to either:
• Resegment this data subject to different accuracy criteria
• Segment heating and cooling curve data that you have entered manually into
Aspen Pinch yourself
To automatically segment any streams:
1. From the main Aspen Pinch menu bar, select Tools and Auto Segmentation.
As an alternative, click the Auto Segmentation button of the common toolbar:
2. The Editing Streams to Segment dialog box appears:
The dialog box lists all the streams that Aspen Pinch can segment in the
current case.
3. If there are streams that you do not want segmented, enter N in the Y/N
column next to the stream name. You can also change the stream name using
the NewName column if required.
4. Once you have made your selection and edited any stream names, click OK.
Aspen Pinch calculates segments for each stream that you selected by
keeping the temperature difference between the actual stream
heating/cooling profile and the segmented stream heating/cooling profile
within a certain limit.
For information on how to view and change this limit, see Changing Auto
Segmentation Accuracy on page 4-14.

Version 10.2
Chapter 4
After segmentation has finished, you can examine the stream data to see the
segments that Aspen Pinch has calculated. You can also run interactive
segmentation, as described in the following section, and review the results of
segmentation graphically.
Interactive Segmentation
If you are importing data directly from Aspen Plus, Aspen Pinch automatically
segments the stream data. If you want to review or resegment this data, or if you
want to segment heating and cooling curve data that you have entered manually
into Aspen Pinch yourself, you can use Interactive Segmentation.
To run Aspen Pinch’s interactive stream segmentation feature:
1. From the menu bar, select Tools and Segmentation. As an alternative, click
the Segmentation button of the common toolbar:
The Segment Streams dialog box appears, listing all the streams that can be
interactively segmented:

Version 10.2
Importing and
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2. Click the stream to be segmented, then click OK.

The Segmenting stream window appears:
The original heating/cooling curve data from Aspen Plus is shown by the
curve labeled DATA. The linear segments saved in Aspen Pinch are
represented by the curve labeled SEG1.
With the Segmenting stream window active, a Segmentation toolbar also

appears:
If you do not see this toolbar, activate it by selecting from the menu bar, View
and Toolbars, and selecting the Segmentation box. This toolbar allows you to
save the segments, add segments, remove segments, interactively add or remove
segments, automatically, and select another stream to segment.
Automatically Segmenting a Single Stream

To automatically segment a single stream, from the menu bar select Segment
and Auto Segment. As an alternative, click the Auto Segment button:
Aspen Pinch automatically calculates the linear segments for the stream in the
active Segmenting window and displays the new segments in the window as the
SEG1 curve.

Version 10.2
Chapter 4
Deleting All Segments

To delete all segments of a single stream, from the menu bar select Segment and
Remove All Segments. As an alternative, click the Remove All Segments button:
A single stream segment remains and assumes a constant specific heat for the
stream, starting at its supply temperature and ending at its target temperature.
Adding Segments
To add segments to a single stream:
1. From the menu bar, select Segment and Add Segments. As an alternative,
click the Add Segments button:
The cursor changes shape to include a '+' sign.
2. In the Segmenting window, click the location where you want one stream
segment to finish and another to start.
Aspen Pinch redraws the stream’s segmented heating/cooling curve, including
the new segment. Additional segments can be added in the same way.
Deleting a Segment
To delete individual stream segments:
1. From the menu bar, select Segment and Remove Segments. As an alternative,
click the Remove Segments button:
The cursor changes shape to include a '-' sign.
2. Click the points in the stream’s segmented heating/cooling curve to be

deleted.
Aspen Pinch redraws the stream’s segmented heating/cooling curve.

Version 10.2
Importing and
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Data
Saving Segmented Data

After you have segmented your stream interactively, you should save your
segmented stream data. From the menu bar, select File and Save stream name
segments. As an alternative, click the Save button:
The Editing Temp File (SEGMENT) dialog box appears:
This dialog box shows the numerical values associated with the segments you
selected interactively in the Segmenting window. If the values are acceptable,
click OK. You can still edit the data in the window before clicking OK. Aspen
Pinch saves the stream segments in the stream data file.
Changing Auto Segmentation Accuracy

By default, Aspen Pinch automatically segments streams within a temperature of
three degrees of the actual heating/cooling profile. The actual values are those
stored in Aspen Pinch's total enthalpy table. For more information on the total
enthalpy table, see Chapter 11.

Version 10.2
Chapter 4
To change the accuracy of auto segmentation:

1. While in Segmentation, with the Segmenting stream window active, from the
menu bar select Settings and Auto Segment.
The Editing Auto-segment Accuracy dialog box appears:
2. In the Accuracy of Linearization box, enter the maximum temperature

difference you want between the actual heating/cooling curve data and the
segmented heating/cooling curves. Click OK to save this parameter.
Importing Files from SuperTarget

You can also import text-based data files from SuperTarget, including stream
and utility data, together with network design and cost data.
1. Create a new case or select an existing case in which to import your data. Any
existing data files will be overwritten by the import routine.
2. From the file menu, select File, Import and SuperTarget. The Select
SuperTarget Input File dialog box appears.
3. Enter the name of the SuperTarget file you want to import, then click OPEN
to start the import process.

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4. The following window appears:
Check the box according to the data you wish to save, either design or
simulation data. Click OK to save and close the window.
Aspen Pinch imports any SuperTarget targeting and network design data.
Note After importing SuperTarget data into Aspen Pinch, you should
check the type classification of each utility.

Version 10.2
Chapter 5
5 Retrofit Targeting
This section explains how to perform retrofit targeting in Aspen Pinch.
For a given existing heat exchanger network design, retrofit targeting is used to
estimate the energy savings possible over a range of different capital
investments. If you have a certain amount of capital to invest in new heat
exchangers, retrofit targeting will tell you the associated energy cost savings you
can expect. If your retrofit projects have to meet certain payback criteria, retrofit
targeting will tell you what investment and energy savings will meet such
criteria.
What You Need for Retrofit Targets

Before you begin calculating retrofit targets, your working case needs:
• A heat exchanger network design, with all heat exchanger areas calculated
and all heat exchangers defined as existing (for more information, see the
chapter New Network Design)
• Stream, utility, economic, and heat exchanger cost data
Starting Retrofit Targeting

To start retrofit targeting, select from the menu bar Tools and Retrofit. As an
alternative, you can click the Retrofit Targeting button on the common toolbar:

Version 10.2
Retrofit
Targeting
A plot of area target against heat duty appears:
This is the starting point for performing retrofit targets.
The lower (red) curve on the plot is the area-energy curve for your data, based on
a new design. The upper (green) curve is the area-energy curve at the calculated
alpha-value for your process, including some area inefficiency.
The area efficiency value, alpha, is defined as the targeted heat exchange area
divided by the actual heat exchange area for a process at a given energy
consumption. The value of alpha is always less than 1.0.
The labels above the plot show the existing energy consumption, the 1-1 (pure
counter-current) and 1-2 (shell-and-tube) area requirement of your design, and
the calculated value of area efficiency, alpha.

Version 10.2
Chapter 5
Toolbars
When the 1-1 area target window is active, you can display the retrofit toolbars.
From the menu bar, select View and Toolbars. The Toolbars dialog box appears:
Select the toolbars you want to display, then click OK. The selected toolbars are
displayed.
The Retrofit Targeting Common toolbar contains buttons to edit the appearance
of and print your plots:
The Retrofit Targeting Views toolbar contains the Define plots button (left) and
the Report button:
The Retrofit Targeting Info toolbar contains buttons for identifying X-axis and
Y-axis values of any point in the retrofit target plot, identifying alpha, adding
text to the retrofit plots, and specifying the desired payback:
Adding New Alpha Values

Aspen Pinch automatically calculates the alpha value (heat transfer area
efficiency) based on your heat exchanger network, stream, and utility data. You
may want to add your own values for constant alpha and incremental alpha. The
following sections describe how to specify these values.

Version 10.2
Retrofit
Targeting
Specifying Constant Alpha Values

To specify your own constant alpha values, from the menu bar select Options and
Add Alpha Curves. The Add Constant Alpha Curves dialog box appears:
You can specify up to 10 separate values of constant alpha to be used in the Area-
Energy plot.
Specifying Incremental Alpha Values

To specify your own incremental alpha values, from the menu bar select Options
and Add Inc Alpha Curves. The Add Incremental Alpha Curves dialog box
appears:
You can specify up to 10 separate values of incremental alpha to be used in the

Area-Energy plot.
After you specify new values for alpha, the Area-Energy plot is redrawn to
incorporate the new values.

Version 10.2
Chapter 5
Switching Between Constant and Incremental Alpha

You may want to switch between retrofit targets using constant or incremental
alpha. Under certain circumstances, incremental alpha gives more accurate area
targets and retrofit design initialization. For more information, see the Aspen
Pinch Training Course.
To switch between constant and incremental alpha retrofit targets, from the
menu bar select Retrofit, Properties, and Use Incremental Alpha. When this
menu item is checked, incremental alpha is used. Otherwise, constant alpha is
used.
Switching Between Units and Shell

Targets
You may want to switch between retrofit targets using units (pure
countercurrent heat exchangers) or shells (shell-and-tube heat exchangers). If
you use units, all heat exchange is assumed to occur in a purely countercurrent
manner. If you use shells, heat exchange is assumed to occur in multi-pass heat
exchangers. These exchangers combine pure countercurrent heat exchange with
a small amount of cocurrent heat exchange. In most industrial studies, shells
should be used.
To switch between units or shell targets, from the menu bar select Retrofit,
Properties, and Shell Target. When this menu item is checked, shell targets are
used. Otherwise, units targets are used.
Creating Retrofit Plots

Many plots are available in retrofit targeting. To view a listing of the plots, from
the menu bar select Retrofit and Plots. As an alternative, click the Define Plots
button on the Retrofit Targeting Views toolbar:
The Define Retrofit Targeting Variables dialog box appears:

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You can select a single X-axis variable and any number of Y-axis variables.
Energy Savings Plot

A popular retrofit targeting plot is energy savings against investment. If you
select this plot, you can add a payback line to the plot. To do this, from the menu
bar select Options and Add Payback Lines.
The Add Payback Lines dialog box displays, which you can use to specify up to 10
payback periods:

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After you complete this dialog box, the energy savings against investment plot
will be updated to include the payback lines you added:
Creating Reports
You can create two types of retrofit targeting reports:
• Specific Payback Report
• Retrofit Targeting Report
Specific Payback Report

The Payback Report gives all results for a given payback. To create a Payback
Report:
1. From the menu bar, select Retrofit and Calculate Payback. As an alternative,
click the Specify Payback button on the Retrofit Targeting Info toolbar:
The Specify Payback dialog box is displayed:

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2. Choose a payback range within the range limits given.
3. Click OK.
After you specify a payback, Aspen Pinch displays a Payback Report window,
which shows a full summary of the savings and investment you can expect from a
retrofit project that satisfies your payback criteria:
Retrofit Targeting Report

A Retrofit Targeting report contains all calculated values, including minimum
approach temperature, energy savings, required investment and payback.
To create a full retrofit targeting report, select Retrofit, Report, and View from
the menu bar. As an alternative, click the Report button on the Retrofit
Targeting Views toolbar:
Customizing the Retrofit Targeting Report

You may customize your retrofit targeting report and change the report options:
1. From the menu bar select Retrofit, Report, and Settings.

The Customize Retrofit Targeting Report dialog box is displayed:

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2. To view the default report settings, click the Defaults button.
3. To customize the report settings, check the boxes for each report option.
4. Click OK to close the window.
Printing Retrofit Targeting Reports

Before printing any retrofit targeting reports, make sure that you can see the
report to be printed on your screen and that the window containing the report is
active. You can make the window active by clicking anywhere inside it.
In the active window, click the Print button on the Report toolbar:
As alternative, right-click the mouse within the report window, and select Print
from the resulting popup menu.
Redesigning the Heat Exchanger Network

While performing the retrofit targeting steps, you established an acceptable
investment, energy savings, and payback. You also established the initial value
of minimum approach temperature to use for your retrofit design.
Next, you need to redesign your heat exchanger network, using this initial value
of minimum approach temperature. Go to the network design tool in Aspen
Pinch, and view the network with this new value for minimum approach
temperature. You should then redesign the network, minimizing cross-pinch heat
exchange.
You may also want to proceed to re-design the heat exchanger network using
"network pinch" techniques. For more information, see the chapter Retrofit
Design Using Network Pinch.

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6 Total Site Targeting

This section describes how to perform total site targeting in Aspen Pinch. Total
site targeting allows you to estimate the heat exchange that is possible both
within and between process units, and the utility system requirements for a
whole manufacturing site. It is particularly important when site layout prevents
full heat integration between different units.
Total site targeting provides a powerful analysis tool for the utility system. For
example, you can set steam system pressures and flows that make best use of the
heating and cooling requirements of the whole site, as opposed to a single unit.
Starting Total Site Targeting

Preparation Your total site will consist of several different process units and a
utility system. Before you can begin total site targeting, you need to create a
separate Aspen Pinch case for each process unit. Into each case, enter stream
data, utility data, DTmin data, and so on, as you would for a usual pinch study
on several individual processes. Alternatively, you may want to include only the
utility usage information for a process rather than the process data itself. In this
case, complete the Total Site Existing Utilities table.
Performing Total Site Targeting Once the data for each process is in a separate
case, you will create a new case in which you will perform total site targeting. In
this new case, you will complete a Total Site Cases input form, which will tell
Aspen Pinch where to get the data for each process in the site being studied.
This approach is flexible, as it allows you to look at both the total site heat
integration possibilities, and the heat integration possibilities within each
individual process.

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To start total site targeting:
1. Create a new case or select an existing case in which you want to perform
total site targeting.
2. From the menu bar, select Tools and Total Site, As an alternative, click the
Total Site Analysis button in the common toolbar:
Identifying Total Site Cases

The first time you initiate total site targeting for a particular case, the Editing
Total Site Analysis Cases window appears:
If you do not see this window when you click the Total Site Analysis button,
double-click on Total Site Analysis Cases in the Case Manager window. The
window then appears.
Use this window to tell Aspen Pinch where to find the data for all the processes
that make up the site. Each process should have been saved in a separate Aspen
Pinch case (see Starting Total Site Targeting). If you plan on using the Total Site
Existing Utilities table for any case, ProcUtil must be selected to be UTILITY.
Entering Case Information

Enter case information by completing the Editing Total Site Analysis Cases
window:
1. In the TSiteCas column, enter the name of each Aspen Pinch case containing
data for a process on the site that you want to include in your total site study.
(To display a list of available cases, click the right mouse button and select
List from the popup menu.)

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2. In the DfltCas column, enter Yes if you want a case to be the default.
Otherwise enter No. Only one case can be the default.
Note The economic and heat exchanger cost data for the total site are
taken from the default case.
3. In the InclPock column, enter Yes if you want to include pockets from each
process grand composite curve. Otherwise enter No.
4. Optionally, in the Case DTmin column, enter the DTmin you want to use for
each case to generate the site source-sink profiles. If you want to use the
DTmin already stored in your case data, leave the fields blank.
5. Verify that all your input is correct by clicking the Verify button on the Edit
toolbar:
As an alternative, you can select Edit and Verify from the menu bar. If errors
exist, correct them in the Editing Total Site Analysis Cases window.
Otherwise, close the window.
Total Site Existing Utilities

As mentioned earlier, you may want to include only the utility usage information
for a process rather than the process data itself, treating the process as a "black
box". You do this with the Total Site Existing Utilities table:
UtilID is the utility ID and is required. HxerID is the identifier of the heat
exchanger using the utility and is optional. Duty is the heat duty the utility
provides and is required.

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The next five fields control which temperatures will be displayed in the Source-
Sink profile. If you select ProcUtil to be PROCESS, the process stream
temperatures are used and are required (ProcTin and ProcTout). If you select
ProcUtil to be UTILITY, the utility temperatures are used and are required
(Tin and Tout). When utility temperatures are used, they are inverted so that
they will represent the process requirements. In the example above, a hot stream
going from 25 degrees C to 20 degrees C would be used in the Source-Sink profile
to represent the CW requirements.
You create as many records as required by the utility usage of the process. When
a UtilID is present in more than one record, the heat duties are summed up.
Note: To use the Total Site Existing Utilities table in a case, ProcUtil must be
selected to be UTILITY in the Total Site Analysis Cases table as shown here:
Displaying Source Sink Profiles

After you close the Editing Total Site Analysis Cases window, Aspen Pinch
automatically generates the Total Site - Source Sink Profile:
This profile shows the overall heating and cooling requirements of the site, based
on the processes you included in the Editing Total Site Analysis Cases window.

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The red curve (left) is the source profile. It shows the total heat available in the
site, which is the heat to be removed, most likely by utilities. The blue curve
(right) is the sink profile. It represents the total heating required by the site.
This heat will again most likely be supplied by utilities.
Enabling the Total Site Toolbars

Aspen Pinch has several toolbars dedicated for use with total site targeting. To
enable these toolbars, from the menu bar select View and Toolbars. The Toolbars
dialog box appears:
Select the toolbars you want. To customize your toolbars, click the Customize
button. After selecting OK and depending on your selection, the toolbars will
appear in the Aspen Pinch window as follows:
Total Site Source Sink Profiles Toolbar — Used to view
targeting results for individual processes that make up
the total site data, view reports, and switch between the
site source and site sink profiles
Total Site Common Data Toolbar — Used to edit

stream, utility and DTmin data
Total Site View Toolbar — Used to include utilities in the

source-sink profiles and toggle the view of the curves
between actual and shifted temperatures
Total Site Place Utility Toolbar — Used to place utilities

against the Source-Sink profiles

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Placing Utilities
Now that you have the source sink profiles for the site, you will probably want to
determine the operating conditions of the corresponding utility system. You can
use Aspen Pinch to determine which utilities are needed, and what the level and
duty requirement is for each utility.
When you create a total site case, Aspen Pinch takes utility data from all the
cases used to construct the total site curves and creates a new utility data file.
To place utilities in the total site source sink profile:
1. From the menu bar, select Options and Show Utilities. As an alternative,
click the Show Utils button on the Total Site View toolbar:
The site source sink profile in the Total Site-Source Sink Profile window is
redrawn to include any utilities that had previously been placed against the
profiles. The profile also displays an additional label — either Sink Active or
Source Active.
2. To activate either the sink profile or source profile, select from the menu bar
Site and either Sink Active or Source Active. As an alternative, click the Sink
Active or Source Active button:
Sink Active
Source Active
Sink and Source cannot both be active at the same time.
With either the source or sink active, you can now place utilities. Use the Total
Site Place Utility toolbar in the same way as the Targeting Place Utility toolbar,
described in the chapter Targeting for a New Process. As an alternative, from the
menu bar select Site and Utility Placement to reveal a menu of utility placement
options.

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Modifying Targeting Data

If you want to quickly modify the stream, utility, or DTmin data for any case
used in your site source sink profiles, first click on the case to be edited in the
Case Manager window. Then click the Edit Streams, Edit Utilities, or Edit
DTmin button, as appropriate:
Edit Streams
Edit Utilities
Edit DTmin
As an alternative, from the menu bar, select Data and then the appropriate data
menu item.
An editing stream, utility, or DTmin window appears. You can use the window to
edit the data.
Targeting for One Case

The total site source sink profiles may consist of data from several different
cases. To view the composite curves for a total site case, from the menu bar select
Site and Target Case. The Select the case for Targeting dialog box appears:
Select the case you want to target, then click OK. The composite curves for your
selected case will appear.

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Obtaining a Total Site Report

To obtain a total site targeting report, either select Site Report and View from
the menu bar, or click the Report button:
Aspen Pinch displays the Total Site Report, which contains all the data and
results of your total site analysis:
Customizing Your Total Site Report

You can customize total site targeting reports to print only the information you
want. For example, you can customize the report to contain a brief summary of
the results. Or you may want a very detailed breakdown of the results, including
all input data.
To customize your total site targeting report:
1. From the menu bar select Site, Report and Settings: Total Site.
The Editing Targeting Report Options dialog box appears:

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2. Select the categories of data and results to be reported, then click OK.
3. From the menu bar select Site, Report and Settings: Heat Power.
The Editing Heat & Power Report Opt dialog box appears:
Select the categories of heat and power system data and results to be reported,
then click OK.

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7 Network Design
This chapter explains how to design a new (grassroots) heat exchanger network.
It also shows how you can alter your heat exchanger network design to reduce
the number of heat exchangers and help to reduce network cost.
Before starting to develop a new design, you should have completed the targeting
and selected utilities and utility loads to be used for your design. For more
information on these activities, see Chapter 4.

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Starting Network Design

To start Aspen Pinch’s network design feature, click the Network Design button
on the main toolbar:
A Network Design Grid window appears, showing all process and utility streams:

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Switching on the Network Design Toolbars

Aspen Pinch has several dedicated toolbars for use with network design. To
switch on the network design toolbars, from the menu bar select View and
Toolbars. A Toolbars window appears:
Check the boxes against the toolbars you want. After selecting OK and depending
on your selection, the toolbars will appear in the Aspen Pinch window as follows:
Network Design View Toolbar — Used to obtain design
information
Network Information Toolbar — Used to obtain exchanger/stream information
Network Identify Toolbar — Used to obtain exchanger information
Design Toolbar — Used to place heat

exchangers (matches) and stream splits
Design Evolution Toolbar — Used to evolve the network design
The buttons on these toolbars are discussed later in the chapter.

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Changing the Appearance of the Design Grid

You can change the appearance of your design grid—for example, by controlling
which streams are displayed. This is useful if you have many streams and want
to view or design only one part of the network at a time.
To change the appearance of the design grid:
1. From the menu bar select View and Show.

The Show window appears:
2. If you want utility streams shown, leave the Utilities box checked.
3. If you want to view only some of the process or utility streams and hide
others, clear the All streams box.
If you leave the All streams box blank and then click OK, the Editing Temp
File (GRIDSTR) window appears, listing all the streams and utilities in your
process:
To indicate whether the stream should or should not be included in your view
of the design grid, select either IN or OUT in the In/Out field next to each
stream name. Then click OK.

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The design grid is redrawn to include only the streams and utilities you
chose.
Another way to hide process or utility streams is:
1. Select the stream or utility to be hidden, by clicking on it in the Network

Design Grid window.
2. Right-click the mouse.
The following network popup menu appears:
3. From this menu, select Hide. The network will be redrawn in the window,
without the selected stream.
Obtaining More Stream Information

Aspen Pinch allows you to retrieve more stream information, which will be useful
as you develop your heat exchanger network design.
Adding Information to the Design Grid

To obtain more information for the process and utility streams, such as MCPs
(heat capacity flow rates), remaining stream duties, and temperatures:
To do that:
1. Click a stream in the Network Design Grid. If more information is required

for several streams, select each stream while pressing the CTRL key on your
computer keyboard.
All selected streams turn from red or blue to green.
Right-click the mouse and a popup menu appears. From this menu, select
More Information, then either Temperature, Duty, or MCP.

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An alternative approach to using the popup menu is, with the streams
highlighted, click either the Temperature button, the Pinch Region
Remaining Duty button, or the Stream MCP button on the Network
Information toolbar:
Temperature
Pinch Region Remaining Duty
Stream MCP
Corresponding values appear next to the selected stream(s).
Viewing Stream Data Table

To view a table of stream information, including stream name, temperatures,
heat capacity flow rate, and duty:
1. In the Network Design Grid, click the stream or streams for which you
require more information. Select several streams by pressing CTRL while
clicking on the streams.
2. Click the Stream Duty/MCP button:

Alternatively, right-click the mouse and from the popup menu that appears,
select Show Duty/MCP Report. A Stream Duty/MCP window appears
containing the summary stream information:
Note The Stream Duty/MCP report gives the remaining duty to be

satisfied for a particular stream only in the pinch region where the
stream was originally selected. Hence, the report is very useful
when completing a network design using the pinch design
method.

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Placing and Specifying Heat Exchangers

Having obtained the design grid and additional stream information, you can now
develop your heat exchanger network design.
Placing a Heat Exchanger

A heat exchanger exchanges heat between one hot utility or hot process stream
and one cold utility or cold process stream. In pinch technology, a heat exchanger
is often referred to as a match. The default heat exchanger model in Network
Design is a shortcut model. If your stream data was generated by the Aspen Plus
interface, you have the option of specifiying an Aspen B-JAC Hetran model for
any process/process match. Both streams in the match must have originated in
Aspen Plus. B-JAC Hetran can be used in either simulation mode (exchanger
geometry specified) or in design mode (exchanger geometry calculated).
To place a match (heat exchanger):
1. With the Network Design Grid window open, right-click the mouse on any
stream, and from the resulting pop-up menu, select Heat Exchanger.
Alternatively, click the Make Match button on the Design toolbar:
The cursor is now shown with a heat exchanger symbol added.
2. In the Network Design Grid window, select a hot stream and a cold stream at
the position where the new heat exchanger is required, as illustrated in the
following figure:
You should now specify conditions for the heat exchanger, as described in the
following section.

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Specifying a B-JAC Hetran Model

After you place a heat exchanger, the next, optional step, is to specify the
exchanger model – shortcut or B-JAC Hetran. By default, all newly placed
matches use shortcut models. If both streams in the match originated in Aspen
Plus, you have the option of specifiying an Aspen B-JAC Hetran.
To do this click on the desire match and select Design-Heat Exchanger Type:
When you select one of the options the data entry form is displayed. For Aspen
Hetran this is:

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B-JAC Process Conditions

Many of the fields in this form are the same as those in Aspen B-JAC. Here, the
Calculation Mode in the lower left is set to simulation and some of the tabs in
the form are disabled. You can get pop-up help in for any field by pressing F1.
You can rename the match by entering a new name in the Heat Exchanger Id:
field at the top of the form.
Simulation Mode
In simulation mode, the hot and cold inlet temperatures and the exchanger
geometry are always the specifications. However, you are free to change either
inlet temperature. In simulation mode, the exchanger geometry is specified in the
Aspen B-JAC program. In simulation mode, you can also specify the hot and cold
side fouling factor and whether the hot/cold stream is on the shell or tube side.
Design Mode
In design mode, the hot and cold inlet temperatures are always specifications.
You must make one specification to set the desired thermal performance of the
exchanger:
In design mode, check boxes appear to the left of the outlet temperatures and the
heat duty. You must specify one of these three parameters; when one is specified,
the other two check boxes become diabled.

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B-JAC File Tab

Use the B-JAC file tab to set the B-JAC input/results file name and to control the
data that is written to the B-JAC file:
The Aspen B-JAC file name must be given. If you are using simulation mode this
file must exist. You can control how the B-JAC file is updated at then end of the
calculation by using the options in the Update B-JAC file frame. You can save
the hot or cold stream parameters (conditions and cooling/heating curves), the
results of the heat exchanger design, or all of the data. When the button in the
upper right of this tab is enabled, clicking it will start Aspen B-JAC with the
current exchanger opened.
Press F1 or click the button to get pop-up help on any field.

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B-JAC Application Tab

The Application tab is enabled only in design mode. Use this tab to set the hot
and cold side application type (e.g., single or two phase) and, if two phase, the
condenser and vaporizer type.
You normally do not need to change anything here. The program will
automatically dtermine the hot and cold side application type (e.g., single phase,
two phase), and the condenser and vaporizer type. You are free to override any of
these.

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B-JAC Shell Tab

The Shell tab is enabled only in design mode. Use this tab to set shell design
preferences:
If you leave any setting Program, B-JAC Hetran will automatically determine
the value.

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B-JAC Bundle Tab

The Bundle tab is enabled only in design mode. Use this tab to set tube design
preferences:
If you leave any setting Program, B-JAC Hetran will automatically determine the
value.

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B-JAC Constraints Tab

The Constraints tab is enabled only in design mode. Use this tab to set design
constraints such as maximum allowable pressure drop, minimum and maximum
shell diameter and tube length, etc.:
If you leave any field blank, B-JAC Hetran will automatically determine the
value.

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B-JAC Options Tab

Use the Options tab to set options for simulation and design modes such as film
coefficients, multipliers, etc.:
If you leave any field blank, B-JAC Hetran will automatically determine the
value.

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Calculating B-JAC Hetran Matches

Be sure that you have Aspen B-JAC version 10.2 installed before using this
interface. Some modifications were made to Aspen B-JAC after version 10.1 to
enable the Aspen Pinch interface.
After you specify the B-JAC Hetran input, you execute Aspen B-JAC by selecting
Network-Simulate:
Use this option for any B-JAC calculation – simulation or design mode. This
option actually starts the Network Simulator to do the calculation.With the
Network Simulator, if you have more than one match selected, the selected
matches are calculated; if you have nothing selected, the entire network is
simulated. Therefore, you can have any combination of shortcut heat exchangers
and B-JAC Hetran exchnagers and the Hetran exchangers can be in either
simulation or design mode.
To view the results, select Network-Reports-Simulation:

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Sample B-JAC results

A sample B-JAC Hetran report section is:
The results show the outlet temperatures calculated by B-JAC and those used by
Aspen Pinch. Aspen Pinch re-calculates the outlet temperatures from the heat
duty that Aspen B-JAC determines. There will typically be small differences (as
seen here) due to the linearized heating/cooling curves used in Aspen Pinch and
the isobaric calculations done by Aspen B-JAC. Two-phase streams will typically
show a larger difference.
Specifying Exchanger Conditions

After you place a heat exchanger, the next step is to specify exchanger conditions,
such as temperatures and duty. Aspen B-JAC exchangers were described in the
previous section. For shortcut heat exchangers, this is done by using the Tick Off
or Match Data methods.
Tick Off
Tick off is the phrase used to set the duty on a heat exchanger. The exchanger
duty is maximized, so that it satisfies the remaining heating/cooling
requirements of one stream in the exchanger. As the heating/cooling
requirements of that stream are satisfied, there is no need to consider it further,
and it can be “ticked off”.

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To tick off the match and satisfy the remaining heating/cooling requirements of
one stream in the match:
1. Right-click the mouse on the exchanger, and from the resulting popup menu,
select Tick Off. Alternatively, with the match selected, click the Tick Off
button on the Design toolbar:
The Enter Match Data window appears:
The Enter Match Data window contains the tick-off exchanger temperatures
and duty, as calculated by Aspen Pinch. It also includes the names of the
streams making the match, and shows the U-value and shells design
information. Another tab sheet within the lower half of the window, labeled
Cost, shows the cost data used for the exchanger. You can change such data
at any time.
2. If the exchanger conditions and design values are acceptable, click OK to

save.
If the exchanger conditions are not acceptable, change the conditions, as
described in the following discussion.

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Match Data
If you do not want to tick off either stream in the match, but want to enter your
own temperatures and/or duty values, follow these steps:
select Match Data. Alternatively, with the match selected, click the Enter
Match Data button on the Design toolbar:
The Enter Match Data window appears as described in Tick Off on page 7-
17.)
2. Supply values for three of:

• Thot In
• Thot Out
• Tcold In
• Tcold Out
• Duty
For each field where you supply a value, make sure you select the
accompanying check box.
3. Click on the Calculate button.

Aspen Pinch calculates all other design values associated with the match. If
you want to calculate the conditions on either the hot or cold stream alone,
perhaps as you vary the exchanger duty, you can click on the calculator icon
in the Enter Match Data window, next to the appropriate stream:
4. Optionally, in the Enter Match Data window, use the HX Id box to edit the
exchanger identifier.
5. Optionally, on the Shells tab sheet, specify whether the exchanger is single-
pass (a pure counter-current heat exchanger), co-current or multipass (for
example, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with one shell pass and two tube
passes). Select the type using the menu in the Type list box.
If you specify a multipass heat exchanger, Aspen Pinch calculates the number
of 1-2 shell-tube heat exchangers needed to satisfy the temperatures in the
match. The number of 1-2 exchangers is also dependent on the minimum
allowable temperature difference correction factor FTmin, and on the
maximum area per shell you specify in the Enter Match Data window.
6. If you have earlier supplied a cost law for heat exchangers, click on the Cost
tab sheet within the Enter Match Data window to see the exchanger cost.
7. Once you have completed all exchanger entries, click OK to close the window
and save your exchanger design details.

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The following figure illustrates a multipass heat exchanger for which duty as
well as the output temperature of the hot stream and the input temperature of
the cold stream have been specified:
Editing and Deleting Exchangers

As you develop your design, you may want to edit the duties and temperatures
associated with a match (heat exchanger), or even delete the match altogether.
Editing a Match
To edit a match:
select Match Data. Alternatively, with the match selected, click the Enter
Match Data button on the Design toolbar:
The Enter Match Data window appears, as explained in Tick Off on page 7-
17.
2. Edit the match data in this window. Ensure that the check boxes for your
input values for temperatures and (if applicable) duty are selected, and that
the check boxes are cleared for fields in which you are not specifying values.

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3. Click Calculate to determine the new match conditions.
4. Click OK to save your exchanger design details and close the Enter Match
Data window.
Deleting a Match
To delete a match:
select Delete. Alternatively, with the match selected, press the Delete key on
the computer keyboard.
2. The match is deleted and the network redrawn. To undo a deletion, see the
following section.
Undoing Network Changes

Aspen Pinch allows you to undo any changes you have made to your design since
it was last saved. To undo any changes made since your last save, select Edit and
Undo from the menu bar.
Restarting Your Design

If you decide you want to start your network design again, discarding the design
you already have in your working case, select Design and Start Over from the
menu bar. Alternatively, click the Start Over button on the Network Design
toolbar:
Reinitialising Your Design

Occasionally your network design may contain small rounding errors, which
cause small discrepancies in energy balances or temperatures between
exchangers. This may happen if you perform several edits of a heat exchanger
network. If small discrepancies occur, you should recalculate the conditions in
your network by reinitializing it. From the menu bar, select Design and
Reinitialize Design. Aspen Pinch will ask if you want to save the network. Reply
yes and then continue. The reinitialization should remove any minor
inconsistencies in your design.

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Obtaining Exchanger Information

You can display information about heat exchangers in the design grid.
Displaying Exchanger Information on the Design Grid

For each exchanger in your network, you can display information such as duty,
heat transfer area, and identifier. To do that:
1. In the Network Design Grid window, click the exchanger for which you want
to display information. If more information is required for several exchangers,
select the exchangers while pressing CTRL.
All selected exchangers turn from orange to green.
2. Click the Duty button on the Network Information toolbar, or the Match Area
or Identify buttons on the Network Identify toolbar:
Duty
Match Area
Identify
As soon as one of these buttons is clicked, corresponding values for duty, area,
or identifier appear in the design grid, next to the selected exchanger(s).
Alternatively, having selected a single heat exchanger, click the right mouse
button to display a heat exchanger popup menu:
From the popup menu, select More Information, and the item of interest to
you.
Note From the exchanger popup menu, you can view information about
the exchanger and also change the specification of the exchanger.

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Identify Information Options

In the default installation of Aspen Pinch, when you select ID as described in the
previous section, only the stream or exchanger identifier is displayed. However,
you can customize this so that more information is displayed-- for example,
stream MCP or exchanger area. To customize the variables displayed:
1. From the menu bar, select Options and Identify Options. Alternatively, right-
click the mouse in the design grid, and from the popup menu that appears,
select Identify Options. A Set Identify Information window appears:
2. Select the stream and exchanger information to be displayed. Then click on

OK to save your selection.

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Heat Exchanger Representation

Aspen Pinch uses a specific convention to represent heat exchangers in the
design grid. Heat exchangers are shown as solid or dashed lines, depending on
whether the heat exchangers:
• Have been fully or under-specified
• Exchange heat at a temperature difference below the minimum, or across the
pinch
The following diagram shows a network design grid with four heat exchangers, A
to D:
Each exchanger is represented in a slightly different way:

• Exchanger A (long-dashed line) — An exchanger that has not been completely
specified. For example, temperatures, duty, or heat transfer coefficients have
not been given.
• Exchanger B (solid line) — A fully specified exchanger.
• Exchanger C (short-dashed line) — A fully specified exchanger that transfers
heat at temperature differences less than DTmin.
• Exchanger D (solid line with cross-pinch indication) — A fully specified heat
exchanger that transfers heat across the pinch, as indicated by the attached
horizontal dashed line across the pinch. If you do not want cross-pinch heat
transfer lines included in your design, you can remove them by selecting,
from the main menu bar, View and Show. In the Show window that appears,
clear the Xpinch Match Lines box.

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Plot Tools in the Design Grid

Many of the plot tools used in Targeting are applicable in network design. For
example, working with text, zooming in and out, snapshots, background color,
viewing/printing in color or black and white and printing. For more information
on these topics, refer to the plot tools section in Chapter 4.
Splitting and Mixing Streams

Sometimes it is necessary to split or mix streams to achieve stream target
temperatures.
Splitting a Stream
Follow these steps to split a stream:
1. Right-click the mouse on the stream where you want the stream split to start,
and from the resulting pop-up menu, select Split Stream. The network design
grid will be redrawn with the stream split incorporated and the new branch
located above the main stream.
2. Alternatively, click the Split Stream button of the Design toolbar:

The cursor changes to a splitting stream icon.
In the Network Design Grid window, click the stream to be split at the point
where you want the split and then click either above or below the stream to
show the position of the new branch.

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Specifying Split Flows

To enter the flows in a stream split::
1. Right-click the mouse on a stream split and from the pop-up menu, select
Enter MCP. Alternatively, with the stream split selected, click on the Enter
MCP button on the Network Design toolbar:
The Enter MCP window appears:
2. Click either Use Flow Fraction or Use MCP.

It is preferable to use flow fractions to specify the flows in each branch of the
split. If you use flow fractions, the fractions are shown in the data boxes in
the Enter MCP window. The flow fractions on the branches must add up to
the flow fraction given for the whole stream. If you specify Use MCP, the
boxes show the MCP values for the whole stream and each branch, together
with the associated units.
Note The flow fractions are relative to the whole stream, and not to
each other. Hence, if a stream is split twice, the flow fraction of
the stream entering the second split will be less than 1, and will
show up in the Enter MCP window as having a flow fraction less
than 1.
3. Specify values for two of the three flow fraction/MCP fields, and make sure
that the corresponding check boxes are selected.
4. Click on the Calculate button. Aspen Pinch calculates the flow fraction or
MCP value for the other branch.

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5. Click on OK to save and close the window.
Mixing a Stream
Aspen Pinch allows two branches of the same stream to be mixed. It does not
allow two different streams to be mixed. To mix two branches of the same
stream:
1. Right-click the mouse on one of the stream branches to be mixed and from the
pop-up menu that appears, select Mix Stream. Alternatively, click the Mix
Streams button of the Network Design toolbar:
2. The cursor changes to a mixing stream icon. In the Network Design Grid
window, click on the branches to be mixed at the position of the mixing point.
The design grid is redrawn with the mix in place.
Deleting Stream Splits and Mixers

To delete either a stream split or mix:
1. Click on the stream split or mix to be deleted.
2. Right-click the mouse and from the pop-up menu that appears, select Delete.
Alternatively, click the Delete key on your keyboard. The design grid will be
redrawn with the split or mix deleted.
Placing and Specifying Multi-Stream

Exchangers
Some heat exchangers can have more than two streams exchanging heat, for
example, plate-fin exchangers in low-temperature processes. You can place and
specify such heat exchangers in Aspen Pinch.

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Placing a Multi-Stream Exchanger

To place a multi-stream exchanger:
1. With the Network Design Grid window highlighted, right-click the mouse on
any network stream and from the pop-up menu that appears, select Multi-
stream Heat Exchanger. Alternatively, click the Multi-stream Hxer button on
the Design toolbar:
The cursor changes shape to a multi-stream heat exchanger icon.
2. In the Network Design Grid window, click each of the streams that are to
exchange heat in your multi-stream exchanger.
3. Once you have selected all streams that will pass through the multi-stream
exchanger, click again on the Multi-stream Hxer button, or again from the
right-mouse button pop-up menu, select Multi-stream Heat Exchanger.
4. You may need to remove some construction lines in the Network Design Grid
window. Do this by refreshing the view window by selecting View and Refresh
from the menu bar.
You then see a design grid that shows the new multi-stream heat exchanger:

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Specifying Multi-Stream Exchanger Conditions

Having placed a multi-stream heat exchanger, you should specify the conditions
of the exchanger, such as temperatures in and out or duty, as follows:
1. Right-click the mouse on the multi-stream exchanger and from the pop-up
menu that appears, select Match Data. Alternatively, with the multi-stream
exchanger highlighted click the Enter Match Data button on the Network
Design toolbar:
The Editing Temp File window appears, showing some of the data associated
with the multi-stream heat exchanger:
2. Edit the multi-stream exchanger data in this window. You must enter enough
data for Aspen Pinch to be able to calculate all temperatures and duty.
For example, in the exchanger illustrated by the preceding figure, you could
specify only the hot outlet temperature for the cold stream. Aspen Pinch
would then calculate the exchanger duty, and the hot outlet temperatures.
Unless otherwise input in the window, Aspen Pinch would assume that the
outlet temperatures were equal. Alternatively, you could specify the two hot
outlet temperatures. Aspen Pinch would then be able to calculate the
exchanger duty, and the cold outlet temperature.

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3. After you have entered some data, click the Verify button within the window.
Aspen Pinch indicates whether you have under- or over-specified the
exchanger. If you receive no warning message, then the exchanger is
successfully specified. An example of the exchanger data, once Aspen Pinch
has established temperatures and duties, follows.
Note The area of the exchanger is also calculated.
4. Once you are satisfied with the exchanger conditions, click OK to save the
results and close the window.
Aspen Pinch returns to the design grid window, where you can add another
heat exchanger.
Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers

In many low-temperature processes, several multi-stream heat exchangers may
be physically connected in a single plate-fin heat exchanger. It is more accurate
to cost all plate-fin exchangers in one exchanger core as one exchanger, rather
than several individual multi-stream exchangers.

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Defining a Plate-Fin Exchanger

To define a plate-fin exchanger:
1. Make sure that no exchangers are highlighted in the Network Design Grid
window. To achieve this, you can click on the window background.
2. From the menu bar, select Design and Plate-fin Hxer. Alternatively, click the
Define Plate-Fin Hxer button on the Network Design toolbar:
The cursor changes to a plate-fin exchanger icon.
3. In the Network Design Grid window, click each multi-stream exchanger to be

included in the plate-fin exchanger. Once you have finished selecting heat
exchangers, switch off the selection tool: either select Design and Plate-fin
Hxer from the menu bar again, or click the Define Plate-Fin Hxer button on
the Network Design toolbar again.
The network is redrawn to include a box, representing the plate-fin
exchanger, surrounding the selected multi-stream exchangers.
Naming a Plate-Fin Exchanger

To name a plate-fin exchanger:
1. Right-click the plate-fin exchanger, and from the popup menu that appears,
select ID Plate Fin. Alternatively, with the plate-fin exchanger highlighted,
from the menu bar select Design and Plate-Fin ID.
2. In the message window that appears, enter the ID. Click OK to save the ID
and close the message window.

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Specifying New or Existing Exchangers

If you are developing a retrofit heat exchanger network design, you may want to
specify which exchangers are new and which are existing.
To specify a heat exchanger as new or existing:
1. In the Network Design Grid window, click the exchanger to be specified as

new or existing.
2. From the menu bar, select Design and Define as Existing. Alternatively, click
the Define As Existing button on the design toolbar:
3. The exchanger changes in appearance. If the exchanger is new, the circles in

the exchanger icon are filled. If the exchanger already exists, the circles in the
exchanger icon are not filled. If you want to change this convention for the
representation of existing and new exchangers, refer to the section Heat
Exchanger Style on page 7-48. To switch an exchanger between new and
existing, repeat Steps 1 and 2.
You can also define an exchanger as new or existing while entering or editing
match data, by clearing or checking the Define as Existing box in the Enter
Match Data window.
Design Tools
Aspen Pinch has several design tools to enable you to generate efficient, low-cost
network designs. They include:
• CP table
• Driving force plots
• Heating/cooling profiles
• Automatic design

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CP Table
When developing a network design, you should start one pinch and design away,
by placing heat exchangers to satisfy the heating and cooling requirements of
your process streams. To meet the energy targets in your design, each heat
exchanger placed next to the pinch has to obey the following equation:
CPStream entering the pinch ≤ CPStream leaving the pinch
Where CP is the stream heat capacity flowrate ( = mass * specific heat)
To quickly view the CP values of each stream entering and leaving a pinch, you
can obtain the CP table for that pinch. To obtain the CP table:
1. In the Network Design Grid window, click the pinch you are designing near.
2. Click the CP Table button on the Network Design View toolbar:
Alternatively, right-click the mouse and select CP Table from the popup menu
that appears. The cursor changes shape to a pinch icon with ?s on each side.
3. Click either to the left or to the right of the pinch, depending on whether you
want the CP table values for above or below the pinch.
A CP Table window appears, showing the streams, heat capacity flowrates,
and duties for hot and cold streams at the pinch:
Driving Force Plots

Driving force plots show how temperature differences in a heat exchanger
compare to the temperature differences available in the process, as indicated by
the composite curves.

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Obtaining Driving Force Plots

To obtain a driving force plot for an exchanger:
1. In the Network Design Grid window, click the heat exchanger where driving
forces are to be studied.
2. To select the driving force plot you want, either:

Right-click the mouse to get the following popup menu:
From this menu, select Driving Force Profiles and the plot you want.
Alternatively, click the Driving Force Plots button on the Network Design
View toolbar:
The Select Driving Force Plots window appears:
Check the box next to the name of each plot you want to view, then click OK.

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3. Aspen Pinch draws the plots you want, with the selected exchanger
highlighted. One example of a driving force plot:
Identifying Streams in the Plots

To identify the streams in a particular heat exchanger or in a particular section
of a driving force plot:
1. Right-click the mouse in the driving force plot, and from the popup menu that
appears, select Identify Stream:
Alternatively, click the Identify Stream button on the Identify toolbar:
2. The cursor changes shape to a cross with an ID label. Click the point of
interest. The stream identifier(s) appear(s) next to the point selected.

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Identifying Exchangers in the Plots

To identify the exchangers presented in the driving force plot:
1. Right-click the mouse in the driving force plot, and from the popup menu that
appears, select Identify Hxer. Alternatively, click the Identify Hxer button of
the identify toolbar:
2. The cursor changes shape to a cross with an ID label. Click the exchanger
driving force plot of interest.
The heat exchanger identifier appears in the driving force plot, next to the
heat exchanger selected.
Exchanger Heating/Cooling Profile

To view heating/cooling profiles of streams in an exchanger:
1. In the Network Design Grid window, click the exchanger to be viewed.
2. Right-click the mouse, and from the popup menu that appears, select Heat
Exchanger T,Q Profile. Alternatively, click the T,Q Profile button on the
Network Design View toolbar:
Aspen Pinch draws the heating and cooling curve of the streams in that
exchanger:

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Automatic Design
Aspen Pinch has an automatic design feature that can generate maximum energy
recovery network designs for you. The automatic design tool is intended for
simpler networks. The tool can be used in two modes:
New Design - where Aspen Pinch designs the whole network
Finish Design - applied after the user has placed the important pinch matches.
Aspen Pinch adds the remaining minor exchangers, heaters and coolers.
Note It is recommended that Aspen Pinch be used in the Finish Design

mode.
To use Aspen Pinch's automatic design tool:
1. With the Network Design window active, from the menu bar select Design,
Automatic Design and either New Design or Finish Design. An Editing Temp
File window appears:
2. In the Editing Temp File window, enter the case names for the cases that will
contain the network designs without and with splits. These cases will become
child cases under the current case. Once you have entered the case names for
the without and with splits designs, click on OK.
3. Aspen Pinch calculates the networks for the two cases. A successful
completion of the calculations is marked by a message window.
4. To view the network results, change case to one of the case names specified,
and view the network in network design.

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Working with Network Loops and Paths

Aspen Pinch enables you to work with the heat exchanger loops and paths,
perhaps to reduce the number of heat exchangers and total network cost.
Network Loops
Most heat exchanger networks that meet their energy targets contain loops. A
loop is a closed path traced from any single point in the network, through heat
exchangers and along streams, back to the same point without retracing. It is
often possible to move heat around a loop, to remove a small heat exchanger.
Aspen Pinch automatically finds loops in your heat exchanger network.
Identifying Loops
To identify loops in your network:
1. With the Network Design Grid window active, right-click the mouse on any
heat exchanger, and from the popup menu that appears, select Loop/Path and
Find Loops. Alternatively, click the Find Loops button in the Design
Evolution toolbar:
If loops exist within your network, one loop will be highlighted in green and
purple. The purple exchanger is the one with the smallest duty in the loop.
This is the exchanger you will probably try to remove, if you move energy
around this loop.
2. To find another loop in your network, click one of the following buttons in the
Design Evolution toolbar:
Next Loop/Path
Previous Loop/Path
Alternatively, right-click the mouse on any heat exchanger, and from the
popup menu that appears, select Loop/Path and Next or Previous.

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Displaying Only Loop Streams

You may want your network design grid to show only the streams that make up
loops. To do this:
1. With a loop highlighted in the Network Design Grid window, select View and
Show from the menu bar.
The Show window appears:
2. In the Show window, check Loop/Path Streams.
3. Click OK to save and close the window.
Breaking a Loop
You can break a loop by moving heat around the loop until the load on one
exchanger is reduced to zero. That heat exchanger can then be removed.
To break a loop:
1. Identify the loop in the Network Design Grid window, using the procedure
described in Identifying Loops on page 7-38.
2. With the loop highlighted, click the exchanger you want to remove.
3. Right-click the mouse, and from the popup menu that appears, select
Loop/Path and Break. Alternatively, click the Break button on the Design
Evolution toolbar:
Aspen Pinch moves duty around the highlighted loop, until the exchanger
that you selected has zero duty. The exchanger is then removed. After the
exchanger is removed, Aspen Pinch recalculates all temperatures in between
the exchangers, and recalculates all exchanger surface areas.
Note After a heat exchanger is removed, some exchangers are likely to

transfer heat at temperature differences less than DTmin. To
restore the DTmin constraint, some additional energy will be
required. See Network Paths on page 7-40.

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Controlling a Loop’s Shifted Duty

If a network loop is broken, an amount of heat is moved around the loop, until
the duty on one of the exchangers reduces to zero. That exchanger can then be
removed.
Aspen Pinch automatically decides how much heat is to be moved around the
loop, and recalculates all network conditions. However, you can specify how
much heat should be moved around a loop. To do that:
1. With a network loop highlighted in the Network Design Grid window, right-
click the mouse over an exchanger in the loop. From the popup menu that
appears, select Loop/Path and Shift Duty. Alternatively, click the Specify
Shift button on the Design Evolution toolbar:
The Load Shift window appears:
The Load Shift window shows the lower and upper limits of duty that can be
shifted around the loop.
2. Enter a duty value in the Heat Duty box between the two limits, then click
OK.
Aspen Pinch shifts your specified duty and recalculate all conditions in the
network.
Network Paths
Most heat exchanger networks contain paths. A path can be traced from a heater,
through heat exchanges and along streams, to a cooler. It is often possible to
move heat along a path, to remove a small heat exchanger. You may also want to
move heat along a path to increase the temperature differences in individual heat
exchangers. Aspen Pinch automatically finds paths in your heat exchangers
network.

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Identifying Paths
To identify paths in your network:
1. With the Network Design Grid window active, right-click the mouse on any
network exchanger. From the popup menu that appears, select Loop/Path and
Find Paths. Alternatively, click the Find Paths button on the Design
Evolution toolbar:
If paths exist within your network, one path will be highlighted in green and
purple. The purple exchanger is the exchanger with the smallest duty in the
path.
2. To find another path in your network, click one of the following buttons on
the Design Evolution toolbar:
Next Loop/Path
Previous Loop/Path
Alternatively, right-click the mouse on any heat exchanger, and from the
popup menu that appears, select Loop/Path and Next or Previous.
Displaying Only Path Streams

You may want your network design grid to show only the streams that make up
paths. To display only path streams:
1. With a path highlighted in the Network Design Grid window, select View and
Show from the main menu bar.
The show window appears:
2. Check Loop/Path Streams in the Show window.

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Controlling a Path’s Shifted Duty

To specify how much heat should be moved along a network path:
1. With a network path highlighted in the Network Design Grid window, right-
click the mouse over an exchanger in the path, and from the popup menu that
appears, select Loop/Path and Shift Duty. Alternatively, click the Specify
Shift button on the Design Evolution toolbar:
The Load Shift window appears:
The load shift window shows the lower and upper limits of duty that can be
shifted along the path.
2. Enter a duty value in the Heat Duty box between the two limits, then click
OK.
Aspen Pinch shifts your specified duty and recalculates all conditions in the
network.
Specifying Stream Temperature to Control a Path’s

Shifted Duty
You may want to move heat along a path solely for the purposes of increasing the
temperature differences in your network. Aspen Pinch allows you to specify a
desired temperature at any point along an identified path. It then automatically
calculates the amount of heat that must be shifted along the path to meet your
temperature specification. Finally, Aspen Pinch automatically recalculates all
network conditions.
To achieve a desired temperature on a path:
1. In the Network Design Grid window, identify the point on a stream where
you want to change the temperature.
2. Identify a path that passes through this point, using Aspen Pinch’s Find
Paths and Next/Previous Loop/Path features.

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3. Either:
Right-click the mouse on the stream point where you want to set the
temperature. From the popup menu that appears, select Specify temperature.
Or
Left-click the mouse on the stream point where you want to set the
temperature. Click the Specify Temperature button on the Design Evolution
toolbar:
4. The Specify Temperature window appears:
The window shows what the lower and upper temperature limits are at the
point you want to specify.
5. Enter your required temperature in the box provided, then click OK.
Aspen Pinch automatically calculates the heat that has to be shifted along the
path and then recalculates all network conditions.
Setting Loop/Path Parameters

Aspen Pinch allows you to sort through loops and paths, in order of number of
exchangers or minimum exchanger duty. It also allows you to include or exclude
loops and paths from consideration that contain certain heat exchangers. Such
features are very useful when dealing with large and complex heat exchanger
networks that contain very many loops and paths.
Ordering By Exchanger Number Or Duty

It was described in an earlier section that when scrolling through the different
loops and paths in your network, you should use the following buttons:

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Next Loop/Path
Previous Loop/Path
Alternatively, right-click the mouse on any heat exchanger, and from the popup
menu that appears, select Loop/Path and Next or Previous. Aspen Pinch will
show the loops and paths in order, based either on the minimum number of
exchangers, or the minimum exchanger heat duty. To set the sort order, from the
menu bar select Design, Loop/Path and Ordering. Alternatively, right-click the
mouse on any network exchanger, and from the popup menu that appears, select
Loop/Path and Ordering. A Loop/Path ordering window appears:
Select either duty or length, to order the loops and paths by minimum exchanger
duty or by minimum number of exchangers, respectively.
Required and Excluded Exchangers

You may want to work only with loops or paths that include certain heat
exchangers. Alternatively, you may want to work with loops and paths that
exclude certain heat exchangers.

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Required Exchangers
To enable Aspen Pinch to only consider loops and paths that contain a particular
heat exchanger:
1. With the Network Design Grid window active, and the loops or paths
highlighted, click on the exchanger that must be included in all loops and
paths. If several heat exchangers are required, click on each while holding
down the CNTRL key.
2. With the cursor located over a network exchanger, right-click your mouse,
and from the popup menu that appears, select Loop/Path and Required Units.
Only the loops and paths that include your specified exchangers will then be
displayed.
Excluded Exchangers
To enable Aspen Pinch to only consider loops and paths that exclude a particular
heat exchanger:
1. With the Network Design Grid window active, and the loops or paths
highlighted, click the exchanger that must be excluded in all loops and paths.
If several heat exchangers are to be excluded, click each while holding down
the CNTRL key.
2. With the cursor located over a network exchanger, right-click your mouse
and from the popup menu that appears, select Loop/Path and Excluded Units.
Only the loops and paths that include your specified exchangers will then be
displayed.
Reset Required/Excluded Preferences

You can reset the required/excluded preferences so that all loops and paths are
considered. With the Network Design Grid window active, and the loops or paths
highlighted, and with the cursor located over the network loop or path, right-click
your mouse. From the popup menu that appears, select Loop/Path and Remove
Constraints. All loops and paths will then be considered by Aspen Pinch.

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Setting Network Design Parameters

To set some design parameters, according to your own preferences:
1. From the main menu bar, select Design, Properties and Design Parameters.
The Set Network Design Parameters window appears:
The window consists of a number of tabbed sheets, each of which controls some
aspect of network design. Each is explained in the following discussions.
Match Data Temperatures

This tab controls which temperatures are displayed when entering match data
for a newly placed heat exchanger. To set the display:
1. Select the Match Data Temperatures tab in the Set Network Design
Parameters window.
2. Check the button of the temperature locations you want. Aspen Pinch allows
only one choice.
The most common setting is to show pinch temperatures.

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CP Table
The CP Table can show data either solely for pinch streams or for all streams. It
can show the pinch segment MCP or stream-average MCP for all streams at the
pinch.
To set CP Table parameters:
1. Select the CP Table tab in the Set Network Design Parameters window.
2. Check the boxes for the stream and MCP defaults you want included in your
CP table. The most common setting is to show only pinch streams, and
segment MCP's at the pinch.
Heat Exchanger Profiles

To set Aspen Pinch to show either all heat exchanger profiles or only selected
heat exchanger profiles:
1. Select the Heat Exchanger Profiles tab in the Set Network Design
Parameters window.
2. Check the boxes for the exchanger defaults you want.

The default setting is to show all heat exchangers.
Heat Exchanger Defaults

You can set Aspen Pinch’s heat exchanger defaults, such as exchanger type
(single pass, multi-pass, co-current), minimum allowable temperature difference
correction factor FTmin, maximum allowable area per shell and heat exchanger
name format. To set these defaults:
1. Select the Heat Exchanger Defaults tab in the Set Network Design
Parameters window.
2. Check the boxes for the exchanger defaults you want. For most industrial
studies, you should select multi-pass heat exchangers. Typical values for
2
FTmin and Maximum area per shell are 0.85 and 500 m respectively.

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Heat Exchanger Style

You can set Aspen Pinch to represent new heat exchangers with either filled or
empty stream connections, as illustrated in the following figure:
To set this parameter:
1. Select the Heat Exchanger Style tab in the Set Network Design Parameters
window.
2. Check the boxes for the exchanger defaults you want.
Setting Autosave
You can set the time interval for Aspen Pinch’s automatic data-saving feature. To
set autosave parameters or disable autosaving:
1. Select the Autosave tab in the Set Network Design Parameters window.
2. Enter the interval in between autosaves in minutes.

Enter zero if you do not want Aspen Pinch to do any autosaving.

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Producing Reports
Aspen Pinch enables you to obtain the following types of reports:
• Heat Exchanger Network
• Heat Exchanger
• Cross-Pinch Heat Transfer
You can also customize the network design report.
Heat Exchanger Network Report

To obtain a report for your heat exchanger network, from the menu bar select
Network, Reports and Main. Alternatively, click the Main Report button of the
Network Information toolbar:
A Network Design Report window appears, containing the report:

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Heat Exchanger Report

To obtain a report for an individual heat exchanger:
1. In the Network Design Grid window, click the exchanger to be reported.
2. Right-click the mouse, and from the pop-up menu that appears, select Heat
Exchanger Report. Alternatively, click the Hxer Report button on the
Network Design View toolbar:
The Heat Exchanger Report window appears:
Cross-Pinch Heat Transfer Report

A report on all the exchangers transferring heat across each pinch is very useful,
particularly in a retrofit project. To obtain a cross-pinch heat transfer report for
all heat exchangers, from the menu bar, select Network, Reports and Cross
Pinch. Alternatively, click the Cross-pinch heat report button on the Network
Design View toolbar:

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A Cross Pinch Heat Table window appears, containing the cross-pinch heat
transfer of each exchanger at each pinch:
Customizing Reports
Aspen Pinch enables you to customize the network design report. To do that:
1. With the Network Design Grid window active, from the menu bar select
Network, Reports, Main Options and Custom.
The Network Design Report Selections window appears:

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2. Check the boxes next to the report sections you want.
3. If you want to format the actual numbers in your report—for example,

number of reported decimal places—select Network, Reports, Main Options
and Format.
The Editing Report Formatting window appears, in which you can set the
formats for your report:
Printing Networks, Plots, and Reports

Aspen Pinch enables you to print a network, plot, or report.
Print a Network or Plot

To print a network or a plot:
1. Make sure the network or plot window is active.
2. Preview the print, using the Print Preview button from the main toolbar:
Alternatively, from the menu bar select File and Print Preview.
3. If the print preview:

• Displays what you want, click Print in the print preview window.
• Does not display what you want, close the print preview window and, from
the menu bar, select File and Print Setup.
4. Change the print parameters and click the Print Preview button again.
When the print preview shows the plot you want, select Print in the print
preview window.

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Print a Report
To print a report:
1. Make sure the report window is active.
2. Click the print button on the main toolbar:
Alternatively, from the menu bar select File and Print.

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Design

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Chapter 8
8 Retrofit Design Using

Network Pinch
This chapter describes how to use Aspen Pinch to develop retrofit designs for
heat exchanger networks. Aspen Pinch uses Network Pinch, a powerful new
technology which significantly improves your ability to find minimum cost
retrofits for complex networks.
Introduction
Retrofit design has always been a challenge, especially for complex heat
exchanger networks. However, a powerful new technology is now available which
greatly simplifies retrofit design. This new technology relies upon identifying the
network pinch, and it has now been incorporated into Aspen Pinch.
The network pinch approach recognizes that the network structure — not the
composite curves — cause the pinch, thus limiting heat recovery. The network
pinch approach recognizes that the best way to improve heat recovery is to
introduce a structural change to the network, and thus remove the bottleneck to
heat recovery. Aspen Pinch not only identifies the bottlenecks to heat recovery,
but also suggests ways in which you can change the structure to remove the
bottleneck. Hence, retrofit design by the network pinch approach combines
powerful mathematical programming techniques, but still leaves you in control of
the design. Nothing is changed without your authority.
The types of structural change that Aspen Pinch looks for are intended to move
heat from below the pinch to above the pinch. They are:
• Resequencing existing exchangers
• Repiping existing exchangers

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• Inserting new exchangers

• Splitting streams
Aspen Pinch identifies simple modifications, involving only one or two heat
exchangers. Such modifications tend to be easier to implement, and generally
yield short paybacks.
Before You Start

Before starting retrofit design, you should be working in a case containing an
existing heat exchanger network, designed and saved using Aspen Pinch's
network design tool. The network could have been imported from Aspen Plus or
another program. It is recommended that you also simulate your network prior to
starting retrofit design. This will make it easier to recalculate network conditions
incorporating retrofit design modifications. For more information on network
simulation, see the chapter Heat Exchanger Network Simulation and
Optimization. You should also have heat exchange cost data, utility cost data and
economic data.
Use the network design tool to access the full features of Aspen Pinch's retrofit
design tool.

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Retrofit Design Data

Before launching Aspen Pinch's retrofit design algorithms, you should set up the
retrofit design parameters that Aspen Pinch will use to determine retrofit
modifications.
With the network design window active, from the menu bar select Data and
Retrofit Design. The following menus appear:
The following sections explain each menu item.

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Exchanger Temperature Approach Limits

Aspen Pinch uses exchanger approach temperatures to establish the limits of
possible heat recovery within the heat exchanger network.
To set Exchanger Temperature approach limits, from the menu bar select Data,
Retrofit Design and Exchanger DT Limits. The Set Approach Temperatures
dialog box appears:
Use this dialog box to set the required approach temperatures for each heat
exchanger. There are four tab sheets, where you can set temperature approaches
for existing heat exchangers, new process heat exchangers, new heaters and new
coolers. On the tab sheets for new exchangers, enter the temperature approach
for each combination of streams.
Click on any temperature approach to change its value and enter your required
value. To set all values of approach temperature on the tab sheet to the same
value, enter the required value in the Default Value box, then click the Set all to
default button.
Note Do not set temperature approaches too large, as you could lose
good retrofit design options. In subambient heat exchange
systems, small temperature differences can be essential for
feasibility. In such systems, if temperature approaches are too
large, Aspen Pinch may not be able to determine feasible retrofit
design options.

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Exchanger Duty Bounds

During the retrofit design calculations, Aspen Pinch will vary the duty of heat
exchangers to attempt to get the best retrofit design options. You can set
minimum and maximum values of heat duty for the existing heat exchangers,
which Aspen Pinch will use in its calculations.
To set duty bounds on existing heat exchangers, from the menu bar select Data,
Retrofit Design and Exchanger Duty Bounds. The Exchanger Duty Bounds dialog
box appears:
For each exchanger, the default minimum duty values are zero. The default
maximum duty values are the maximum total stream duty of the either stream
passing through the exchanger.
To change a value, click on the value, then type in your own value. Click OK to
save and close the dialog box.

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Match Constraints
Aspen Pinch can determine retrofit design options even when match constraints
are present. For example, a match constraint might forbid heat exchange
between two streams because of a safety or operability risk.
To set match constraints between streams, from the menu bar select Data,
Retrofit Design and Match Constraints. The Set New Match Constraints dialog
box appears:
Hot streams appear along the top of the grid, and cold streams to the left of the
grid. ALLOWED indicates that heat exchange between a hot and cold stream is
allowed. BANNED indicates that heat exchange between a hot and cold stream is
not allowed. To switch between ALLOWED and BANNED for a particular stream
match, left-click on the constraint box between the two streams, then right-click
to change the constraint label.
To commit the constraints to the calculation algorithms, click the Update button.

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Solver Options
You might want to review the solver options before calculating the retrofit design
modifications. To check your solver options:
1. With the network design window active, from the menu bar select Data,
Retrofit Design and Solver Options. The Solver Options dialog box appears:
2. If you want Aspen Pinch to write a log file listing the iteration steps that the
solver takes, select the Output Iteration log box. A text file called Iteration.log
will be written to the current case. Review this log by double-clicking on it in
the Case manager window.
3. By default, Aspen Pinch applies linear programming using the simplex

algorithm to search retrofit design modification options. For large, complex
heat exchanger networks where streams are segmented, the simplex
algorithm may take some time to search the full range of modification
options. In this situation, you may want to use the alternative, faster interior
point algorithm. Although this algorithm will work faster, it may run into
convergence problems under certain conditions. To use the interior point
algorithm in place of the simplex algorithm, select the Use Interior Point
Solver box.
4. By default, Aspen Pinch searches all retrofit design modifications. Because

the search is exhaustive, some modifications may actually result in greater
energy use. Although such results may of interest, you will probably want to
consider only retrofit modifications that reduce energy usage. You can set
Aspen Pinch to list but not calculate such modifications. As they are not
calculated, they will be listed in the modification options as being infeasible.
To list only the modifications which reduce energy consumption and report all
other modifications as infeasible, select the Cut off worse than current option
box.

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5. It is recommended to place dummy heaters and coolers on cold and hot

streams respectively, to ensure design feasibility after a modification is
established. To ensure feasibility, select the Use dummy heaters and coolers
box.
6. It is recommended that you leave the Infeasibility tolerance given in the

Solver Options window at the default value of 1.0 E-06. If you have problems
establishing network feasibility or feasibility with the retrofit design
modifications, you may increase the Infeasibility tolerance.
7. Click the OK button.
Retrofit Design Toolbars

With the network design grid window open, several retrofit design toolbars are
available:
Solver Control Toolbar — Used to pause, restart and terminate the retrofit
design modifications solver
Retrofit Design Toolbar — Used to identify the heat recovery pinch,

and find resequence, repipe, new exchanger and stream split
modifications
If you do not see these toolbars even with the network design grid window open,
you can display them by selecting from the menu bar View and Toolbars. In the
Toolbars window, select Retrofit Design and Solver Control. The following
sections describe the features activated by the toolbar buttons and menu options.
Locate Network Pinch

When identifying retrofit design modifications within an existing heat exchanger
network, the structure of the network limits the heat recovery that can be
achieved. Aspen Pinch can identify the exchangers that limit heat recovery at the
so-called network pinch. Only when these exchangers are identified can suitable
retrofit design modifications be established.

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To identify the exchangers at the network pinch, with the Network Design Grid
window open, from the menu bar select Retrofit Design and Locate Network
Pinch. As an alternative, click the Locate Network Pinch button of the Retrofit
Design toolbar:
The network pinch report appears:
This report shows the heat exchangers at the network pinch. It also indicates the
minimum heat demand of the network, which assumes that area can be added to
existing exchangers and that the network structure does not change. Aspen
Pinch has added two dummy heat exchangers to ensure network design
feasibility.
Execute Retrofit Design

Now that the parameters for retrofit design modifications are established, Aspen
Pinch can search for structural changes in the network to reduce energy
consumption. Aspen Pinch uses mathematical routines to search for potential
beneficial modifications. It then lists these modifications in reducing order of
heat recovery. You choose the modification you want Aspen Pinch to incorporate
into the network. From a thermal viewpoint, you will probably choose the first
modification on the list, as this represents the largest energy savings. As a
general rule, this modification also minimizes the overall area requirement.

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Aspen Pinch can search for the following structural changes that in the network:
Resequence - change the sequence of

exchangers on a stream without
changing the streams that flow
through exchangers
Repipe - change the streams that

flow through exchangers
Add new exchanger
Split stream - this is generally

considered when adjacent pinching
matches occur at the process pinch
when the network and process pinches
coincide
When searching for retrofit design options, first look for resequence options. Such
modifications tend to be easier to implement, and have less capital cost
implications. Next, you should consider repipe options, then new exchangers.
Consider stream splits when adjacent pinching matches occur at the process
pinch.
Resequence Modifications
To generate a list of resequence modifications and select one to incorporate into
the retrofit design:

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1. With the network design grid window active, from the menu bar select
Retrofit Design and Resequence. As an alternative, click the Resequence
button on the retrofit design toolbar:
The Resequence Modification List dialog box appears, showing the results of
the resequence modification search. Aspen Pinch indicates when all
calculations have been completed.
Use the scroll bar to view the full list. The list comprises:
Units The modification identifier
Calculation ON or OFF Depends on the constraints set up in the Match Constraints section of the retrofit design
parameters. Toggle between ON and OFF by double-clicking the entry. After changing the
calculation mode, you can restart the solver calculations.
Exchanger Name The name of the exchanger to be resequenced
Hot Stream and Indicates where the exchanger should be moved to on the hot stream, in terms of the adjacent
Location exchanger and the stream name. If the exchanger will not to be moved, it will have the label
'current'. If it will be moved, it will have the label 'new'.
Cold Stream and Indicates where the exchanger should be moved to on the cold stream, in terms of the adjacent
Location exchanger and the stream name. If the exchanger will not to be moved, it will have the label
'current'. If it will be moved, it will have the label 'new'.
Minimum Heat Demand Is the smallest possible energy consumption for the network with the modification included. It is
determined by assuming that area can be added to any heat exchanger, but that the network
structure remains unchanged. It indicates the energy consumption that can be expected once
the network modification is incorporated.
Heat Demand Is the energy reduction that can be achieved by implementing the retrofit design modification. If
Reduction this value is positive, then energy savings are achievable. IIf value is negative, the modification is
not beneficial.

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You can change the listing order of the resequence modifications. The default
order is by increasing minimum heat demand, which also gives a list by
reducing heat demand reduction. To sort alphabetically or by increasing
value, double-click the label of the column you want to sort by. For example,
to view the resequence results alphabetically by exchanger name, double-click
the column label Exchanger Name. This feature applies to all retrofit
modification list views.
2. The Modification List window presents the full results of the search. To
commit a modification to the design, click on it and then click the Implement
Selection button. The Select Resequence Options dialog box appears, in which
you can review the position of the resequenced exchanger. Click OK to
commit the retrofit modification to the design.
3. The network in the design grid window is redrawn to incorporate the selected
retrofit design modification. There will likely be some heat imbalance due to
the resequencing.
4. You can either:

• Correct the heat imbalance and establish the new network cost by simulating
your network.
With the network design grid active, from the menu bar select Network and
Run Simulation. You will see the simulation proceed, with each heat
exchange in the design grid being highlighted as its conditions are calculated.
Once you have simulated your retrofitted network including the new
modification, you can either stop, optimize the network or proceed to find
more retrofit design modifications.
• Search for more retrofit design modifications without correcting the heat
imbalance. Even though the network in the design grid may not be in heat
balance, Aspen Pinch can still find retrofit design modifications because of its
advanced search algorithms.
Once you have implemented one retrofit design modification, you can
continue to search for more. You can either search for more resequence
modifications by repeating the preceding steps, or you can search for repiping,
new exchanger and stream split opportunities.
Repipe Modifications
To generate a list of repipe modifications and select one to incorporate into the
retrofit design:
Retrofit Design and Repipe. As an alternative, click the Repipe button on the
retrofit design toolbar:

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The Repiping Modification List dialog box appears, showing the results of the
repiping modification search. Aspen Pinch indicates when all calculations
have been completed.
This dialog box looks very much like the Resequence Modifications dialog box
described in the previous section. Again, you can sort the rows alphabetically
or by increasing value by double-clicking on the label of the column you want
to sort by. To commit a repiping modification to the design, follow the
procedure outlined in the previous section, using the Implement Selection
button.
New Exchanger Modifications

To generate a list of new process exchanger modifications and select a new
exchanger to incorporate into the retrofit design:
Retrofit Design and Add Process Exchanger. As an alternative, click the Add
Process Exchanger button on the retrofit design toolbar:
The New Exchanger Options list dialog box appears, showing the results of
the repiping modification search. Aspen Pinch indicates when all calculations
have been completed.

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This dialog box looks very much like the Resequence Modifications dialog box
described in the section Resequence Modifications on page 8-10. You can sort
the rows alphabetically or by increasing value by double-clicking on the label
of the column you want to sort by. To commit a new exchanger modification to
the design, follow the procedure outlined in this previous section, using the
Implement Selection button.
Stream Split Modifications

To generate a list of stream split modifications and select a stream split to
incorporate into the retrofit design:
Retrofit Design and Split Stream. As an alternative, click the Split Stream
button on the retrofit design toolbar:
The Stream Splitting Options list dialog box appears, showing the results of
the stream split modification search. Aspen Pinch indicates when all
calculations have been completed.

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This dialog box presents the full results of the search and looks very much
like the Resequence Modifications dialog box described in the section
Resequence Modifications on page 8-10.
2. To commit a modification to the design, click on it and then click the

Implement Selection button. The Insert Stream Split dialog box appears:
3. In this window, you can review the name and position of the stream split. You
cannot edit the data. Click OK to commit the retrofit modification to the
design.
Aspen Pinch redraws the network in the design grid window to incorporate
the selected stream split. As a result, some heat imbalance will probably
occur.
4. You can either:

• Correct the heat imbalance and establish the new network cost by simulating
your network.

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With the network design grid active, from the menu bar select Network and
Run Simulation. You will see the simulation proceed, with each heat
exchange in the design grid being highlighted as its conditions are calculated.
Once you have simulated your retrofitted network including the new
modification, you can either stop or proceed to find more retrofit design
modifications.
• Search for more retrofit design modifications without correcting the heat
imbalance. Even though the network in the design grid may not be in heat
balance, Aspen Pinch can still find retrofit design modifications because of its
advanced search algorithms.
Solver Control
The solver control toolbar and menu bar allow you to pause, restart and
terminate solver calculations. You may want to pause calculations if:
• They are taking a long time to process.
• An attractive retrofit modification has already been identified.
• You see that a particular match constraint is preventing acceptable heat
recovery, so that you can remove the match constraint.
To pause solver calculations, either select from the menu bar Retrofit Design and
Pause Solve, or click the Pause Solve button of the solver control toolbar:
Once you have paused and/or changed any retrofit design parameters, you can
restart the solver calculations by either selecting from the menu bar Retrofit
Design and Restart Solve or by clicking the Restart Solve button of the solver
control toolbar:
You can terminate the solver calculations at any time by either selecting from the
menu bar Retrofit Design and Terminate Solve or by clicking the Terminate
Solve button of the solver control toolbar:

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Optimizing Network Modifications

After each retrofit modification is incorporated into the network, some heat
imbalances will be identified in the network in Aspen Pinch's design grid
window. You can still proceed to identify the next retrofit design modification.
Aspen Pinch's advanced search and solver routines do not require this heat
balance to be resolved in order to find new, valid retrofit design modifications.
The main reason for resolving heat imbalances would be if you wanted to review
the costs of the network exchangers. The easiest way to do this is to simulate the
network. From the menu bar, select Network and Run Simulation.
Once you have incorporated all retrofit design modifications, you can also
optimize the network. For more information, see the chapter Heat Exchanger
Network Simulation and Optimization.
Infeasible Results
On rare occasions, Aspen Pinch may have difficulty in overcoming an
infeasibility, caused either by a fault in the solver formulation, or by convergence
tolerance. If you experience difficulty in overcoming an infeasibility, you should:
1. Make sure the solver includes dummy heaters and coolers on process
streams. With the network design grid window active, from the menu bar
select Data, Retrofit Design and Solver Options. Make sure the Use dummy
heaters and coolers to ensure feasibility box is selected. Restart the solver
calculations.
2. Review your approach temperatures and duty bounds. If these are set too
high, it may not be possible to find a feasible retrofit modification. For
example, this might happen if large exchanger temperature differences are
specified in a subambient heat exchange system, where traditionally
temperature differences have to be small.
3. Review the Iteration.Log file. Double-click on this file in the Case Manager
window. Review its contents to establish the causes for the infeasibility and
then take corrective action.
4. Increase the iteration tolerance value. With the network design grid window
active, from the menu bar select Data, Retrofit Design and Solver Options. In
the Solver Options window that appears, reduce the value in the Infeasibility
Tolerance box and restart the solver calculations.

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9 Heat and Power Models

Aspen Pinch has heat and power models that enable the user to simulate utility
systems. The models currently available are furnaces, gas turbines, steam
turbines and refrigeration systems.
The advantage of using heat and power models is that they give the user a more
accurate value for energy consumption, energy costs, and utility system size and
cost. For example, if a process requires steam at different levels and the
requirement at each level is known, the user can use the steam turbine models to
calculate how much high-pressure steam is required, how much fuel is required,
and the investment cost of turbines and boilers.
Heat and power models can be run standalone with flows or duties supplied by
the user. They can also be run while connected to targeting or optimization. In
such a situation, the targeted utility loads are used by the simulation models to
determine conditions in the utility system.
This chapter shows you how to specify Aspen Pinch heat and power models for
use in targeting and optimization.

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Furnace
The furnace model in Aspen Pinch is represented by the following figure:
Flue Gas
TLow Tlow or Tpinch
MCpExhaust or ExhaustFlow
FurnacID
Q1
Q2 Duty,
Qex
Q3
Flame Temperature,
TTFT
Pressure
Air Fuel Fuel ID

MWfuel
Tair Heat of combustion, DHcomb
Qairpreheat Reference, Temp., Tref
AirFlow
C atoms
Fexcess H atoms
Air composition:
O2comp
N2comp
FuelFlow
Furnace
CO2comp
H2Ocomp
Tair,ambient

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Air with a user-supplied composition is fed to a furnace, perhaps after some

preheat. A known fuel is also supplied to the furnace. The air and fuel burn, and
the resulting flue gas, cools down from a theoretical flame temperature TTFT to a
low temperature TLow or the pinch temperature. As it cools, the flue gas heats
the process.
Modeling a Simple Furnace

The following diagram shows specifications for a simple furnace system example.
This will be used here to explain the inputs required by Aspen Pinch.
Stack Temperature = 150°C
FURNACE ID = HEATER
Lifetime = 10 yrs.
Operates 8000 hr/yr
Mobilization Cost = $100,000 Process Heat Duty = 747 kW
Reference Purchased Cost = $400,000
Reference Size = 300 kW
Cost Exponent = 0.8
Installed Cost/Purchased Cost = 4
AIR FUEL ID = FUEL GAS

Ambient Temperature = 25°C MW = 16.043
Air Temperature After Preheat = 125°C LVH = 50,010 kJ/kg
15% excess air Cost = $0.01/kWhr
Number Carbon Atoms = 1
Number Hydrogen Atoms = 4

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What Data Do You Need?

To model a furnace, you need to specify data for:
• Furnace model
• Fuel
• Inlet Air
• Process Heat Duty
• Flue Gas
• Combustion
• Utility
• Economics
Note You can have several furnaces.
To enter data for your furnace into Aspen Pinch:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Heat and Power and Furnace Model. A
Furnace window appears.
2. In the Furnace ID box, select New if the furnace is new, or use the drop down
list to select the name of a furnace that you have previously created. Click on
the OK button to proceed.
3. A Furnace Model window appears, where you see a representation of a

furnace, as in the following figure. You can move the pointer on the scale at
the top of the window to the left or right, to reduce or increase magnification
of the diagram.

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Move the cursor over any data group in the diagram to highlight it. To edit the
data in any data group, highlight that group and double-click your mouse. Or
click on the group and choose Edit from the popup menu. If sufficient data is
given to Aspen Pinch in one data group for calculations to be made, that group is
marked with a blue tick mark ([). If data in a data group is under-specified,
Aspen Pinch will not be able to calculate conditions for the whole model. In such
a situation, the data group is marked with a red cross. For the heat/power model
conditions to be calculated, all data groups must be marked with a blue tick
mark ([).

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Furnace Model Data

To enter Furnace Model Data (name, calculation basis, type, cost basis):
1. In the Furnace window, double-click on the Furnace Model data group

(labeled Furnace ID). An Overall Furnace Parameters window appears:
2. Enter a unique Furnace ID.
3. Select the calculation basis:

Excess Air Excess air is supplied, and flame temperature is calculated
Flame Temperature Flame Temperature is supplied, and excess air is calculated
4. Click on the Cost button in the Overall Furnace Parameters window to enter
cost data. A Furnace Cost window appears:
Note You can go to this Furnace Cost window directly from the
Furnace Model window. Right-click on the Furnace ID data
group, and select Cost from the popup menu that appears.

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5. Aspen Pinch has built-in cost models for a pyrolysis furnace, a process heater,
and a reformer (without catalyst). If you specify any of these heater types, you
can also select the material of construction. Available materials are carbon
steel, chrome/molybdenum and stainless steel. If you select such cost laws
and materials in the Furnace Cost window, Aspen Pinch will use its own
built-in cost equations to cost the furnace.
As an alternative to the built-in furnace cost equations, you can supply your
own cost equation. In the Furnace Cost Model box of the Furnace Cost
window, select User Supplied Power Law Constants. The User Power Law
pane in the Furnace Cost window then becomes active.
If you have a furnace cost law in a furnace cost data file, check the Cost Law
button and enter the unique identifier of the cost law to be used in the Cost
Law box. Alternatively, to supply a cost equation for the furnace directly into
the furnace model, check the Cost equation button in the Furnace Cost
window, and click on the Cost Data button. A Furnace Cost window appears:
6. Enter your cost data, then click OK to save.
All furnace model data is now saved.

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Fuel Data
To enter fuel data:
1. In the Furnace Model window, double-click on the fuel data group. A Fuel
window appears:
Enter your fuel data, as shown. The unique Fuel ID must correspond to a fuel
utility of the same ID in the utility data file. If you already have fuel utilities in
your utility data file, you can view these and select one, by using the list button.
If you do not already have such utilities in your utility data file, enter a new fuel
ID in the Fuel ID box. At the same time, it is recommended that you click on the
Case Manager window and create or edit your utility data file to include the new
fuel utility.
You must enter a fuel molecular weight, fuel stoichiometry, heat of combustion,
and reference temperature values.
You can enter fuel stoichiometry either as the number of carbon to hydrogen
atoms in a fuel molecule, or as a molar ratio requirement of oxygen to fuel. The
reference temperature corresponds to the heat of combustion.

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Inlet Air Data

To enter inlet air data:
1. In the Furnace Model window, double-click on the inlet air data group. An
Inlet Air window appears:
2. In the Inlet Air window, enter air temperature, flow (optional), fraction excess
air, and composition details. If air preheat is to be considered, check the
Preheat Air box, and fill in either duty or temperature values associated with
air preheat.

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Process Heat Duty Data

To enter duty data:
1. In the Furnace Model window, double-click on the duty data group. A Process
Heat Duty window appears:
2. Enter the process duty, then click OK.
Note If the furnace is connected to targeting, this value will be over-

ridden by the targeted furnace duty.
Flue Gas Data

To enter flue gas data:
1. In the Furnace Model window, double-click on the flue gas data group. A
Flue Gas window appears:
2. Enter either the stack temperature, flue gas flow, or heat capacity flowrate
(MCP) required. Click OK to save and close the window.

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Combustion Data
To enter combustion data:
1. In the Furnace Model window, double-click the combustion data group. A

Combustion Conditions window appears:
Note The theoretical flame temperature value may not be used by

Aspen Pinch, depending on the calculation method you specified
earlier in your Furnace Model Data.
Utility Data
To perform furnace calculations, the associated utility data file must include a
fuel. If you want to run the furnace model in targeting, the utility data file must
also contain a flue gas.
Create utility data as explained in Chapter 3. The utility data file for the sample
furnace looks as follows (the 19 columns in the file are captured in three separate
figures):

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Economic Data
In order to calculate annual utility and capital costs, you should supply economic
data for Aspen Pinch. Create economic data as explained in Chapter 3. The
economic data file for the sample furnace looks as follows:
Saving Your Furnace Model

To save your heat and power system model at any time, with the Furnace Model
window open, from the menu bar select File, then Save Model.

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Deleting your Furnace Model

To delete a furnace model:
1. From the main menu bar of Aspen Pinch, select Data, then Heat and Power,
then Furnace Model. A Furnace window appears:
2. In the Furnace ID box, use the list button to select the furnace to be deleted,
and click the Delete button.
Running the Furnace Model Standalone

Once you have created furnace data, utility data, and economic data, you can run
your furnace model.
To run the furnace model standalone, not as part of targeting:
1. If you have not already done so, click the Heat & Power button of the common
toolbar:
An empty Heat and Power window appears.
2. If you have only one furnace, go to Step 3.

If you have several furnaces, you need to select the furnace you want to run:
• From the menu bar, select Heat/Power, then Select, then Furnace.
An Editing Furnace Model Selection window appears:
• In the Furnace Block to be Used box, enter the name of the furnace you
want to run.

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By clicking the List button, you can view and select from all the furnaces
you have supplied data for.
• Enter a name for the furnace report.
• Click on OK to save and close the window.
3. From the main menu bar, with the Heat and Power window active, select
Heat/Power, then Run Furnace.
Aspen Pinch calculates the furnace conditions and then writes them into the
Heat and Power window.
If errors occur during the calculation of furnace conditions, Aspen Pinch indicates
what these errors are. You see a new window containing all errors.
Errors flagged with ERROR LABEL: 1 are warning messages and usually minor.
Such errors may arise if Aspen Pinch tries to extrapolate some thermodynamic
relationship beyond its bounds. However, an error flagged with
ERROR LABEL: 4 is a terminal error and must be corrected. The error will have
a description to help you sort out the problem.
Running the Furnace Model in Targeting

When you have checked that your furnace runs without errors in standalone
mode, you can connect the furnace to targeting.
To run the furnace in targeting:
1. Modify your utility data so that the flue gas utility has the following
additional parameters:
• Tin: Enter the revised theoretical flame temperature to match that
calculated when you ran the furnace model standalone.
Note At this point you may not want to consider any air preheat.
If not, make sure that your standalone furnace run does
not include air preheat.
• Modact: This is the model activity, which should have the value 1. This
indicates that the flue gas duty calculated during targeting should be used
in detailed furnace model calculations.
• ModelID: This is the identifier for the furnace that is to supply the flue
gas. In the preceding example, ModelID = HEATER.
2. Run targeting and place your flue gas and other utilities, as described in
Chapter 4.
3. Check the targeting report.

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You should see a section towards the end of this report titled, Furnace
Calculation Results. This section contains all the calculated conditions for the
furnace that supplies the targeted duty.
Varying Flue Gas Stack Temperature

Any flue gas heating of process streams below a process or utility pinch may not
be necessary. In fact, by using flue gas in such a way, you may be increasing the
use of cold utility. To avoid this, you may want to increase the furnace stack
temperature. To do this, in the utility data file, increase the Tout value for your
furnace flue gas, and then retarget.
In some situations, Aspen Pinch automatically changes the stack temperature.

For example, this occurs if a utility pinch is formed when the furnace is placed in
the grand composite curve. In such a situation, the flue gas line crosses the
temperature axis at a temperature higher than the target temperature supplied.
Aspen Pinch automatically increases the stack temperature to the temperature
at which the flue gas line crosses the temperature axis.
This is seen in the following figure:
In this example, the target temperature for flue gas was originally set to be
100°C. However, when the furnace was placed against the grand composite
curve as shown, the flue gas had only to cool to 138°C (equal to 113°C interval
temperature).

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Air Preheat
Aspen Pinch also enables you to account for the effects of air preheat in
targeting. To be able to consider the opportunities for air preheat in your
process/utility system:
1. Add an Air Preheat utility to your utility data, and modify your flue gas data,
as shown in the following figures. In particular:
• Leave the Tin value of flue gas equal to the theoretical flame temperature
assuming no air preheat.
• Ensure that the Modact values for both air preheat and flue gas are 1
(they are both connected to the furnace model and are active).
• Ensure that the ModelID values for both air preheat and flue gas equal
the identifier of your furnace.
• Ensure that the Connect values for your flue gas and air preheat are
cross-referenced (that is, the Connect value for the flue gas is the name of
the air preheat utility, and the Connect value for air preheat is the name
of the flue gas utility). This is important, as Aspen Pinch will use the
calculated air preheat information to determine flue gas conditions.
Use the following utility data figures as examples:
2. Retarget your furnace conditions by placing air preheat and flue gas (and any
other utilities) against the grand composite curve, as described in Chapter 4.
3. Look at the targeting report to check that furnace conditions have been
calculated.

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You will see that the furnace model has recalculated the theoretical flame
temperature of the flue gas, based on the temperature of air after preheat.
4. After studying the utilities placed against the grand composite curve, you
may want to change the temperature of the air after preheat. Do this by
changing the Tout value of air in the utility data file, then retarget.
The flue gas theoretical flame temperature will be recalculated each time air
preheat temperature is changed.
Customizing Your Furnace Report

You can customize your furnace report:
1. With a targeting window active, from the menu bar select Targets, then
Report, then Settings: Heat Power. Alternatively, with a Heat and Power
window active, from the menu bar select Heat/Power, then Reports, then
Report Section Settings.
An Editing Heat & Power Report Opt window appears:
2. Use the option boxes to customize your heat and power report and, in
particular, your furnace report. Use the scroll bar on the right side of this
window to view the full range of customization options.

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Gas Turbine
The gas turbine model in Aspen Pinch is represented by the following figure:
Regener = NO
Tex Qex
ExhastFl
4
O2comp
DPcomb
N2comp
CO2comp 1 2 3
Tadiab
H2Ocomp
Tair
Press
AirFl
Wnet
CreditID
TurbID
ComprID Teff
Pratio Tmeff
Ceff FuelID
Cmeff MWfuel
DHcomb
Tref
Catom
Hatom
or Stoic Air
Fuel Fl
Qex = MCP ex * ("Tex-T-low")
Regener = YES
Tex Qex
ExhastFl
DPhxGas
6 4
O2comp Uvalue
N2comp Tappr
DPcomb Tadiab
CO2comp 1 2 5 3
H2Ocomp
Tair
Press DphxAir
AirFl
Wnet
CreditID
TurbID
ComprID Teff
Pratio Tmeff
Ceff FuelID
Cmeff MWfuel
DHcomb
Tref
Catom
Hatom
or Stoic Air
Fuel Fl
Qex = MCP ex * ("Tex-T-low")

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Air is compressed before entering a combustion chamber, where it is burned with

fuel. The resulting high-pressure hot gases are expanded to lower pressure.
During the expansion, power is produced. Some of the power is used to compress
the air, and excess power can be used to drive other machinery or a generator.
The hot exhaust is then available to heat the process. A regenerator may be
included to recover some of the exhaust heat into the compressed air before it
enters the combustion chamber.
Modeling a Simple Gas Turbine

The following diagram shows specifications for a simple gas turbine system
example. This example will be used to explain the inputs required by Aspen
Pinch.
GAS TURBINE ID = GTURB1

Stack Temperature = 150 °C
COMPRESSOR ID = COMP1 TURBINE ID = TURB1
NET POWER
Process Heating POWER CREDIT ID = PWRCRED
Duty
=46830 kW
1100 °C
3 % pressure
drop 5% pressure
drop
REGENERATOR
Exhaust
T=400°C
T Appr = 40 °C
ap
4% pressure U = 0.085174 kW/m

pr
drop
°
FUEL ID = METHANE
MW = 16.043
Lifetime = 3 yrs LVH = 50,014 kJ/kg
Operates 8000 hr/yr Number Carbon Atoms = 1
Cost = $250/kW Number Hydrogen Atoms = 4

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To model a gas turbine, you need to specify:
• Gas turbine model data
• Combustion fuel data
• Inlet Air data
• Process Heating data
• Compressor data
• Turbine data
• Regenerator Data
• Utility data
• Economic data
Note that you can have several gas turbines.
To enter data for your gas turbine into Aspen Pinch:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, then Heat and Power, then Gas Turbine. A
Gas Turbine window appears.
2. In the Gas Turbine ID box, select New if the turbine is new, or use the drop
down list to select the name of a turbine that you have previously created.
Click on the OK button to proceed.
3. A Gas Turbine Model window appears, where you see a representation of a

gas turbine, as in the following figure. The pointer on the scale at the top of
the window can be moved to the left or right to reduce or increase
magnification of the diagram.

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Move the cursor over each data group in the diagram. The data group will
become highlighted. To edit the data in any data group, move the cursor over
that group and double-click your mouse. If sufficient data is given to Aspen
Pinch in one data group for calculations to be made, that group is marked
with a blue tick mark ([). If data in a data group is under-specified, Aspen
Pinch will not be able to calculate conditions for the whole model. In such a
situation, the data group is marked with a red cross. For the heat/power
model conditions to be calculated, all data groups must be marked with a blue
tick.

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Gas Turbine Model Data

To enter Gas Turbine Model Data (name, calculation basis, type, cost basis):
1. In the Gas Turbine Model window, double-click on the Gas Turbine ID data
group. An Overall Gas Turbine Parameters window appears:
2. Enter a unique Gas Turbine ID.
3. Select the calculation basis as either:

Exhaust Temperature Exhaust temperature is supplied, and compression ratio is calculated
Compression Ratio Compression ratio is supplied, and exhaust temperature is calculated
The gas turbine produces power. Any cost credit that results from this power is
costed using an electricity utility. In the Utility power credit ID box, enter a
power credit ID. This ID must correspond to a unique electricity utility ID in the
Utility data file. If you already have electricity utilities in your utility data file,
you can view these and select one by using the list button. If you do not already
have such utilities in your utility data file, enter a new electricity ID in the
Utility Power Credit ID box. At the same time, it is recommended that you click
on the Case Manager window and create or edit your utility data file to include
the new electricity utility.

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4. Click on the Cost button to enter cost data. A Gas Turbine Cost window
appears:
Note that you can go to this Gas Turbine Cost window directly from the Gas
Turbine Model window by right-clicking on the Gas Turbine ID data group
and selecting Cost from the pop up menu that appears.
In the Gas Turbine Cost window, you can supply your own cost equation.
Enter the parameters of your turbine cost equation into the fields in the
window, then click OK to save and close.

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Combustion Fuel Data

To enter combustion fuel data:
1. In the Gas Turbine Model window, double-click the combustion fuel data
group. A Combustion Fuel window appears:
Enter your fuel and combustion data, as shown. The unique Fuel ID must
correspond to a fuel utility of the same name in the utility data file. If you
already have fuel utilities in your utility data file, you can view these and select
one by using the list button. If you do not already have such utilities in your
utility data file, enter a new fuel ID in the Fuel ID box. At the same time, it is
recommended that you click on the Case Manager window and create or edit your
utility data file to include the new fuel utility.
Fuel stoichiometry can be entered either as the number of carbon to hydrogen

atoms in a fuel molecule, or as a molar ratio requirement of oxygen to fuel. Heat
of combustion relates to the fuel, measured at the reference temperature. The
adiabatic flame temperature is the temperature that exists at the outlet of the
combustion chamber, entering the expander turbine.

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Inlet Air Data

To enter inlet air data:
1. In the Gas Turbine Model window, double-click on the inlet air data group.
An Inlet Air window appears:
2. In the Inlet Air window, enter air temperature, pressure, flow (if allowed),
and composition. Click on OK to save and close the window.

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Process Heating Data

To enter process heating data:
1. In the Gas Turbine Model window, double-click the process heating data
group. A Process Heating window appears:
2. Enter the process duty and other exhaust parameters, then click OK.

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Compressor Data
The gas turbine is made up of a compressor and an expander (also called a
turbine). To enter compressor data:
1. In the Gas Turbine Model window, double-click the compressor data group. A
Compressor window appears:
2. Enter a unique compressor ID. The compressor can of type polytropic or

isentropic. The calculation method can be either using an equation of state,
using a supplied K-value (next box) or a K-value calculated based on the ideal
gas law. An equation of state calculation method is recommended.

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Turbine Data
The gas turbine is made up of a compressor and an expander (also called a
turbine). To enter turbine data:
1. In the Gas Turbine Model window, double-click the turbine data group. A
Turbine window appears:
2. Enter a unique turbine ID. The turbine can of type polytropic or isentropic.
The calculation method can be either using an equation of state, using a
supplied K-value (next box) or a K-value calculated based on the ideal gas
law. An equation of state calculation method is recommended.

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Regenerator Data
The regenerator is used to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine cycle. To
specify regenerator conditions:
1. In the Gas Turbine Model window, double-click the regenerator data group.
A Regenerator window appears:
2. If the regenerator is to be used, check the Use regenerator box and complete
the details in the other boxes in the window.
Utility Data
The utility data file that allows you to run the gas turbine model should include
fuel and electricity. The fuel is burned in the gas turbine, thereby incurring a
cost. However, electricity is produced by the turbine, so there will be some cost
credit when the gas turbine runs.
If you are going to run the gas turbine model in targeting, you also need to
specify a flue gas utility.
To enter utility data into Aspen Pinch:
3. From the menu bar, select Data, then Utilities, then General Data.
Alternatively, click the Create Data button on the Case manager toolbar:
4. A Create New Data window appears. From the menu within this window,
select Utility Data. An Editing Utility Data window appears. Enter your
utility data in this window.

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The utility data file used for our sample gas turbine looks as follows:
Economic Data
To calculate annual utility and capital costs, enter economic data into Aspen
Pinch. To do that:
5. From the menu bar, select Data, Economic and General Data. Alternatively,
click the Create Data button on the Case Manager toolbar:
A Create New Data window appears.
6. From the menu within this window, select Economic Data.

An Editing Economic Data window appears.
7. Enter your economic data in this window.

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The economic data file used for our sample gas turbine looks as follows:
Saving your Gas Turbine Model

To save your heat and power system model at any time, with the Gas Turbine
Model window open, from the menu bar select File and Save Model.
Deleting your Gas Turbine Model

To delete a gas turbine model:
1. From the main menu bar of Aspen Pinch, select Data, Heat and Power and
Gas Turbine. A Gas Turbine window appears:
2. In the Gas Turbine ID box, use the list button to select the gas turbine to be
deleted, and click the Delete button.

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Running the Gas Turbine Model Standalone

After you have created gas turbine model data, combustion fuel data, inlet Air
data, process Heating data, compressor data, turbine data, regenerator Data,
utility data and economic data, you can run the gas turbine model.
To run the gas turbine model standalone, not as part of targeting:
1. Click the Heat Power button of the common toolbar:
2. If you have only one gas turbine, go to Step 3.

If you have several gas turbines:
• From the menu bar, select Heat/Power, Select and Gas Turbine.
The Editing Gas Turb Model Selection window appears:
• In the Gas Turbine Block to be Used box, enter the name of the gas
turbine you want to run.
By clicking the List button, you can view and select from all the gas
turbines you have supplied data for.
• Enter a name for the gas turbine report.
• Click OK to save and close the window.
3. From the menu bar, select Heat/Power and Run Gas Turbine.
Aspen Pinch calculates the gas turbine conditions, and then writes them into
the Heat and Power window.
If errors occur during the calculation of gas turbine conditions, Aspen Pinch
indicates what these errors are. You see a new window containing all errors.
Errors flagged with ERROR LABEL: 1 are warning messages and are usually
minor. Such errors may arise if Aspen Pinch tries to extrapolate some
thermodynamic relationship beyond its bounds.
However, an error flagged with ERROR LABEL: 4 is a terminal error and must
be corrected. The error will have a description to help you sort out the problem.

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Running the Gas Turbine Model in Targeting

Having checked that your gas turbine runs without errors in a standalone way,
you can now connect the gas turbine to targeting. To do that:
1. Modify your utility data, so that you have a flue gas with the following
parameters:
• Tin: Enter the gas turbine exhaust temperature.
indicates that the flue gas duty calculated during targeting should be used
in the detailed gas turbine model calculations.
• ModelID: This is the identifier for the gas turbine that is to supply the
flue gas. In the preceding example, ModelID is GTURB1.
Chapter 4.
3. Check the targeting report.

You should see a section towards the end of the targeting report, titled Gas
Turbine or Gas Turbine Calculation Results. This section contains all the
calculated conditions for the gas turbine that supplies the targeted duty.
Any gas turbine exhaust heating below a process or utility pinch may not be
necessary. In fact, by using exhaust in such a way, you may be increasing the use
of cold utility. To avoid this, you should increase the gas turbine exhaust stack
temperature.
To do this, in the utility data file, increase the Tout value for your flue gas, and
retarget.
In some situations Aspen Pinch automatically changes the stack temperature.

For example, if a utility pinch is formed when the gas turbine is placed in the
grand composite curve, the flue gas line crosses the temperature axis at a
temperature higher than the target temperature supplied. Aspen Pinch
automatically increases the stack temperature to the temperature at which the
flue gas line crosses the temperature axis. An example of this is shown for a
furnace on page 9-15.

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Customizing Your Gas Turbine Report

To customize your gas turbine report:
1. With a targeting window active, from the menu bar select Targets, Report
and Settings Heat and Power. Alternatively, with a heat and power window
active, from the menu bar select Heat/Power, Reports and Report Section
Settings.
An Editing Heat & Power Report Opt window appears.
2. Use the option boxes to customize your heat and power report and, in
particular, your gas turbine report. Use the scroll bar on the right side of this
window to view the full range of customization options.

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Steam Turbine
The steam turbine model in Aspen Pinch is represented by the following figure:
SteamID
Tin, Pin
FurnEff StageID Power
StageNam
Water/Steam StageEff
Tin, Pin StageNam
StageEff
Quality
Condensing Stage
FuelID Tout or
Pout
Tdesupr
Duty
Flow
Tdesupr Tin or Pin
Tout or Pout
Tout or Pout
Tdesupr
Tdesupr
Duty
flow
STMTUR
(one steam turbine and one stage ID)

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Superheated steam is either generated in a boiler or supplied from an external

source. The steam enters a turbine and is let down in pressure, for use either to
supply process steam or supply steam for heating purposes. Several steam levels
can be considered. The steam used for heating purposes can be desuperheated.
Steam can also be reheated before it is put into another steam turbine stage.
Modeling a Simple Steam Turbine

The following diagram shows specifications for a simple steam turbine system.
We will refer to this example when explaining data entry and modeling.
80 bar.a
500°C
TURBINE GENERATED
POWER
DESUPERHEAT WATER STEAM LEVEL = ‘MP’

100 C 30 bar
5 kg/s
Saturated
STEAM TURBINE
Mobilization Cost = $20,000
Reference Purchased Cost = $80,000
Reference Size = 100 kW
Cost Law Exponent = 0.8
Installed Cost/Purchased Costs = 4
Equipment Life = 5 yrs
Operating Time = 8000 hrs/yr

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To model a simple steam turbine, you must specify:
• Steam turbine model data
• Steam turbine cost data
• Inlet steam data
• Steam level data
• Extraction steam data
• Desuperheating water data
• Utility data
• Economic data
Note You can have several steam turbines.
To enter data for your steam turbine into Aspen Pinch:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, Heat and Power and Steam Turbine Model.
A Steam Turbine window appears.
2. In the Steam Turbine ID box, select New if the turbine is new, or use the drop
down list to select the name of a turbine that you have previously created.
Click on the OK button to proceed.
3. A Steam Turbine Model window appears. If you are creating new turbine
data, you will see a representation of a single-stage steam turbine. You can
move the pointer on the scale at the top of the window to the left or right, to
reduce or increase magnification of the diagram.

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tick.

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Steam Turbine Model Data

To enter Steam Turbine Model Data (name, efficiency, output, cost basis):
1. In the Steam Turbine Model window, double-click the Steam Turbine ID data
group. An Overall Steam Turbine Parameters window appears:
2. Enter a unique Steam Turbine ID and efficiency.
3. The steam turbine produces power. Any cost credit that results from this
power is costed, using an electricity utility. In the Utility power credit ID box,
enter a power credit ID. This ID must correspond to a unique electricity
utility ID in the Utility data file. If you already have electricity utilities in
your utility data file, you can view and select from these, using the list button
in this box. If you do not already have such utilities in your utility data file,
enter a new electricity ID in the Utility Power Credit ID box. At the same
time, it is recommended that you click on the Case Manager window and
create or edit your utility data file to include the new electricity utility.
4. If the turbine is to generate a given amount of power, complete the power

load in the Power output required box.
5. If you want to enter cost data for the turbine, click on the Cost button and
refer to the next section. Otherwise, close the Overall Steam Turbine
Parameters window, by clicking the OK button.

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Cost Data
To enter cost data for the turbine:
1. Click the Cost button in the Overall Steam Turbine Parameters window, as
shown in the previous section. Alternatively, right click the mouse over the
Steam Turbine ID data group, and from the popup menu, click Cost. A Steam
Turbine Cost window appears:
If you have a steam turbine cost law in a steam turbine cost data file, check
the Cost Law button and enter the unique identifier of the cost law to be used
in the Cost Law box. Alternatively, to supply a cost equation for the steam
turbine directly into the steam turbine model, check the Cost equation button
in the Steam Turbine Cost window and click the Cost Data button. A Steam
Turbine Cost Data window appears:
Enter your cost data into this window, as shown. To save and close the
window, click OK.

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Inlet Steam Data

To enter inlet steam data:
1. In the Steam Turbine Model window, double-click on the inlet steam data
group. A Default Inlet Steam window appears:
2. Enter the conditions of the steam feeding the steam turbine system in the
boxes provided. If the steam is saturated, you can enter either the
temperature or pressure together with the steam quality. Steam quality is
the vapor fraction, which has a value between 0 and 1.
3. The work steam ID is used to determine the cost of the steam, and must
correspond to a unique work-steam ID in the utility data file. If you already
have appropriate work-steam utilities in your utility data file, use the list
button to view these and select one. Otherwise, enter a new work-steam ID in
the box. At the same time, it is recommended that you click the Case
Manager window and create or edit your utility data file to include the new
work-steam utility.
4. Click OK to save and close the Default Inlet Steam window.

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Steam Level Data

To enter steam level data:
1. In the Steam Turbine Model window, double-click the turbine. A Steam Level
window appears:
2. Enter an identifier for the steam level in the Level ID box, and an efficiency
for the turbine stage in the Efficiency box.
3. Enter the temperature and pressure of the steam feeding the turbine.
Note These may be the same as or different from the conditions of the
steam entered in the Inlet Steam Data. If the temperature you
enter is higher than the temperature entered in the Inlet Steam
Data, Aspen Pinch assumes that a fired heater provides the
temperature lift. If you then close the Steam Level window, the
steam turbine system diagram will be redrawn, to include a fired
heater. For more information, refer to Adding a Fired Heater to
Your Steam System on page 9-48.
4. In the Outlet Conditions pane of the Steam Level window, enter the pressure
or saturation temperature of the outlet steam.

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Extraction Steam Data

To set the conditions of steam leaving the turbine stage:
1. In the Steam Turbine Model window, double-click the extracted steam data
group. An Extracted Steam window appears:
2. Extracted steam is the steam flow that exists in addition to any steam flow
determined later due to targeting. This steam will not play a part in any
process heating for the streams in your stream data, but will be used for fixed
process users such as steam strippers, steam tracing, etc.
In the Steam Extraction pane of the Extracted Steam window, enter either
the duty required of the extracted steam, or its flowrate.
Note These values must correspond to the requirements of the ultimate

steam user. The actual steam flow leaving the turbine may be
different, perhaps due to the addition of desuperheating water
(see Step 3).

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3. In the Extracted Steam Conditions box, three options are available:

Saturated - if steam leaves the stage superheated, desuperheating water will
be added to the extracted steam to ensure it is delivered in a saturated state.
In such a situation, less steam will be extracted from the turbine than is
required by the user, because the delivered steam includes the
desuperheating water. If the steam leaving the stage is two-phase (liquid and
vapor), only the vapor part of the steam will be considered as being used. In
such a situation, more steam will be extracted from the turbine than is
required by the user.
Superheated - if this option is selected, the Superheated Conditions pane of
the Extracted Steam window will become active, and the steam will be
heated, either to the superheat temperature or by the degrees of superheat
you enter in this pane. If you close the Extracted Steam window (click OK)
and save the steam model (from the menu bar, select File and Save Model),
the steam system diagram will be redrawn without the desuperheating water.
The superheat will be provided either by the inlet steam, or by steam with
conditions that you specify in the Superheating Steam pane of the Extracted
Steam window.
Outlet Conditions - the conditions at the outlet of the steam turbine stage are
not altered by the addition of water or by superheating, but are as calculated
by the steam turbine model.
Select one of these three options in the Extracted Stream Conditions box, and
complete the additional required data.
4. Save and close the window by clicking OK.
You return to the Steam Turbine Model window.
Desuperheating Water Data

If your extracted steam is to be saturated, you must specify the temperature of
desuperheating water. Click the desuperheating water data group. A
Desuperheating Water window appears:
Enter the water temperature, then click OK to save and close the window.

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Utility Data
The utility data file that allows you to run the steam turbine model should
include data for the feed steam, as well as electricity. The electricity produced by
the steam turbine will likely give some cost credit when the turbine runs. If you
are ultimately going to connect the steam turbine to targeting, you will also want
to add in the exhaust steam as a utility into the utility data file, as shown in the
following figure. For more information on entering utility data, refer to
Chapter 3.
Economic Data
To calculate annual utility and capital costs, enter economic data into Aspen
Pinch as follows. For more information on entering economic data, refer to
Chapter 3.

Version 10.2
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Saving Your Steam Turbine Model

To save your heat and power system model at any time, with the Steam Turbine
Deleting Your Steam Turbine Model

To delete a steam turbine model:
Steam Turbine Model. A Steam Turbine window appears:
2. In the Steam Turbine ID box, use the list button to select the steam turbine
to be deleted, and click the Delete button.
Running the Steam Turbine Model Standalone

After you have created the steam turbine data described in the preceding section,
you can run the steam turbine model.

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Chapter 9
To run the steam turbine model standalone, not as part of targeting:
1. Click the Heat Power button of the common toolbar.

2. If you have only one steam turbine, go to Step 3.

If you have several steam turbines:
• From the menu bar, select Heat/Power, Select and Steam turbine.
The Editing Steam Turb Model Selection window appears:
• In the Steam Turbine Block to be Used box, enter the name of the steam
turbine you want to run. By clicking on the List button, you can view and
select from all the steam turbines you have supplied data for.
• Enter a name for the steam turbine report.
3. From the menu bar, select Heat/Power and Run Steam Turbine.
Aspen Pinch calculates the steam turbine conditions and then writes these
into the Heat and Power window.
If errors occur during the calculation of steam turbine conditions, Aspen Pinch
indicates what these errors are. You see a new window containing all errors.
thermodynamic relationship beyond its bounds. However, an error flagged with
ERROR LABEL: 4 is terminal and must be corrected. The error will have a
description to help you sort out the problem.
Running the Steam Turbine Model in Targeting

When you have checked that your steam turbine runs without errors standalone,
you can connect the steam turbine to targeting.

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To run the steam turbine in targeting:
1. Make sure that all steam levels in the utility file that are connected to the
steam turbine model have the following parameters:
indicates that the steam flow calculated during targeting should be used
in the detailed steam turbine model calculations.
• ModelID: This is the identifier for the steam turbine that is to supply
steam for process heating. In the preceding example, ModelID is
TURBINE.
Chapter 4.
3. Check the targeting report. You should see a section titled, Steam Turbine or
Steam Turbine Calculation Results, which contains all the calculated
conditions for the steam turbine supplying the targeted duty. If only a short
report is seen, and you want to look at the detailed steam turbine model
results, from the menu bar select Targets, Report and Settings: Target. In the
Report Options window that appears, make sure that Steam Turbine Model
Report = YES.
Customizing Your Steam Turbine Report

To customize your steam turbine report:
1. With a targeting window active, from the menu bar select Targets, Report
and Settings: Heat and Power. Alternatively, with a heat and power window
active, from the menu bar select Heat/Power, Reports and Report Section
Settings.
2. Use the available option boxes to customize your heat and power report and,
in particular, your steam turbine report. Use the scroll bar on the right side of
this window to view the full range of customization options.
Adding a Fired Heater to Your Steam System

Aspen Pinch lets you incorporate a boiler or fired heater into your steam system
model. It will automatically place a boiler in the system, if the temperature of the
steam entering the first steam turbine stage is higher than the temperature of
the feed steam-- in the previous example, the feed steam to the system would be
at 500°C.

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By editing the steam level data group and setting the steam temperature into the
first turbine stage at 550°C, Aspen Pinch will redraw the steam system diagram
to include a fired heater:
You must enter fuel and efficiency data for the furnace. To do this:
1. In the Steam Turbine Model window, double-click the furnace data group. A
Furnace window appears:

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2. Enter a unique fuel identifier in the Fuel ID box. The unique Fuel ID must
correspond to a fuel utility of the same name in the utility data file. If you
already have fuel utilities in your utility data file, you can view these and
select one, by using the list button. If you do not already have such utilities in
your utility data file, enter a new fuel ID in the Fuel ID box. At the same
time, it is recommended that you click the Case Manager window and create
or edit your utility data file to include the new fuel utility.
3. Close the furnace window by clicking OK.
With the Steam Turbine Model window active, save your steam system model by
selecting File and Save Model from the menu bar. You are now ready to run your
steam system model with the furnace included.
Adding Extra Stages to your Turbine Model

Aspen Pinch allows you to have many different steam turbine stages. To create
an additional turbine stage:
1. In the Steam Turbine Model window, right click the mouse over a steam
turbine icon to reveal the following popup menu:
2. To add a turbine stage after the selected stage, choose Insert After. To add a
turbine stage before the selected stage, choose Insert Before.
Note If the selected stage includes a furnace, the turbine will be added
before the furnace.
3. Complete the data input by clicking on the various data groups in the Steam
Turbine Model window, as explained earlier in this chapter.
Additional Turbine Feeds and By-Passes

Aspen Pinch allows you to add extra steam feeds to each stage of your steam
turbine model. It also allows you to by-pass some of the steam feed around the
turbine.

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Adding a New Steam Feed

To add an additional steam feed to a particular turbine stage:
1. In the Steam Turbine Model window, right click the mouse over the steam
turbine stage icon. From the resulting popup menu, select Add Feed. The
Steam Turbine Model window is redrawn to include an additional steam feed.
2. Double-click the data group of the new steam feed. A Feed window appears:
3. Enter a unique Feed Steam ID, together with the temperature, pressure and
flowrate of that feed.
4. Click OK to save and close the Feed window.
Adding a Turbine By-Pass

Aspen Pinch allows you to set up a turbine by-pass. Steam will be removed from
the turbine feed and fed into the turbine exhaust. To enter a turbine by-pass,
follow the steps outlined in the previous section. In the By-Pass Flowrate box of
the Feed window, enter the desired by-pass flowrate.
Deleting a Steam Feed

To delete a steam feed, right-click the mouse over the feed data group in the
Steam Turbine Model window, and from the popup menu that appears, select
Delete. The feed will be deleted from the Steam Turbine Model window.

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Refrigeration
The refrigeration model in Aspen Pinch is represented by the following figure:
ComprID
UtilID
EconDuty CW
EconDp
EconDuty
EconDp HxerID
Tout
EconDuty
EconDp Duty
Tsat or Psat
Tsat or Psat Phigh or Thigh
Tsat or Psat
Duty
ComprID
UtilID
EconDuty CW
EconDp
EconDuty
EconDp Tsat or Psat
HxerID
Tout
EconDuty
EconDp Tsat or Psat
Duty
Phigh or Thigh
Tsat or Psat Duty
Duty
Optional )

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Using a refrigeration system model, you can calculate refrigerant flows, power
requirements, equipment sizes and equipment costs with a high level of accuracy.
The refrigeration systems that Aspen Pinch models can comprise up to three
refrigeration cycles. These can be connected, so that the heat from one cycle can
be discharged into another cycle (sometimes called cascaded). Each cycle can
have multiple refrigeration levels.
Refrigerant flows are calculated by Aspen Pinch, based on user-supplied values

for saturated temperature or pressure and refrigeration duty at each level.
Economizers can also be considered in the model. The refrigeration models can
be connected to targeting, and the refrigeration or economizer duties obtained
from the targets. Aspen Pinch has built-in property models for a range of
different refrigerants, to maximize the accuracy of the model.

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Modeling a Simple Refrigeration System

The following diagram shows a simple propylene refrigeration system. The
example will be used to explain the basics of refrigeration system modeling in
Aspen Pinch.

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To model a refrigeration system, you need to specify:
• Refrigeration system data
• Refrigeration cycle data
• Compressor data
• Refrigeration level data
• Economizer data
• Heat discharge data
• Refrigerant condensing data
• Utility data
• Economic data
To enter data for your refrigeration system into Aspen Pinch:
1. From the menu bar, select Data, Heat and Power and Refrigeration. A
Refrigeration System window appears.
2. For Refrigeration System ID, select New if you are entering data for a new
system, or pick from an existing system using the list button. For a new
system, enter the name of the system in the System ID box. Each system can
have up to three refrigeration cycles, for example ethylene and propylene.
Select Cycle 1, 2 or 3 in the Cycle box, then click OK to save and close the
window.

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3. A Refrigeration Model window appears, in which you see a representation of a

refrigeration cycle. You can move the pointer on the scale at the top of the
window to the left or right, to reduce or increase magnification of the
diagram.
tick.

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Refrigeration Cycle Data

To enter refrigeration cycle data (name, refrigerant):
1. In the Refrigeration Model window, double-click the Cycle ID data group. An

Overall Refrigeration Cycle window appears:
2. Enter a unique cycle ID and select a refrigerant for the cycle, using the list
box. Aspen Pinch has built in property models to accurately model the
following refrigerants:
NH3 (Ammonia)
C2H6 (Ethane)
C2H4 (Ethylene)
CH4 (Methane)
C3H8 (Propane)
C3H6 (Propylene)
R22 (Refrigerant 22)

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Compressor Data
To enter compressor data:
1. In the Refrigeration Model window, double-click the compressor data group. A

Compressor window appears:
2. Enter a unique identifier for the compressor.
3. Select the compressor type, using the list box. Available types are Isentropic
and Polytropic.
4. Enter the drive type, using the list box. Available types are Electric Motor,
Gas Turbine, and Steam Turbine. These do not invoke the gas or steam
turbine heat and power models, but are used by Aspen Pinch to select the
appropriate driver cost correlation.
5. In the Utility Stream ID box, enter the identifier of an electricity utility used
to power the compressor. This ID must correspond to a unique electricity
utility ID in the Utility data file. If you already have electricity utilities in
your utility data file, you can view and select from these, using the list button
in this box. If you do not already have such utilities in your utility data file,
enter a new electricity ID in the Utility Power Credit ID box. At the same
time, it is recommended that you click the Case Manager window and create
or edit your utility data file to include the new electricity utility.
6. Enter the calculation method, using the list box. Available methods are
Equation of state, specified K-value, and calculated K-value, using the ideal
gas law. An equation of state method is recommended. If you enter Specified
K-value, you must also enter a value into the Compressor K-value box in the
window.
7. Complete the efficiency data boxes.

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8. Enter the cost correlation by clicking the Cost button in the Compressor
window. A Compressor Cost window appears:
Note You can go directly to this Compressor Cost window, by right-

clicking the mouse over the compressor icon in the Refrigeration
Model window, and selecting Cost from the popup menu.
9. In the Compressor cost model box, enter a cost model. You can use the list box
to select from: User supplied power law, Centrifugal cost law and
Reciprocating cost law. If you specify User supplied power law, the
Compressor User Power Law pane in the window becomes active, and you
should use this to enter your compressor cost equation.
10. In the Driver cost model box, enter a cost model. You can use the list box to
select from User supplied power law or Built-in correlation. If you specify
User supplied power law, the Driver User Power Law pane in the window
becomes active, and you should use this to enter your driver cost equation.
11. Once you have entered your compressor and driver cost data, click OK to save
and close the Compressor Cost window. You will return either to the
Compressor window or directly to the Refrigeration Model window.

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Refrigeration Level Data

To enter Refrigeration Level Data:
1. In the Refrigeration Model window, double-click the Refrigeration Level data

group. A Refrigeration Level window appears:
2. In the Level ID box, enter a unique refrigeration level ID. This ID must
correspond to a unique refrigerant ID in the Utility data file. If you do not
already have such utilities in your utility data file, enter a new refrigerant ID
in the Level ID box. At the same time, it is recommended that you click the
Case Manager window and create or edit your utility data file, to include the
new refrigerant utility.
3. In the Heat Duty box, enter a duty for this refrigeration level.
Note This is a fixed duty. If you later connect this refrigeration level to
targeting, the model will use the process refrigeration duty, plus
this fixed duty, as the total requirement for refrigeration at this
level.
4. Enter the saturation conditions for the refrigerant, either as temperature or

pressure.

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Economizer Data
To enter Economizer Data:
1. In the Refrigeration Model window, double-click the Economizer data group.

An Economizer window appears:
2. Specify the duty and pressure drop within the economizer. Then click OK to
save and close the Economizer window.
Heat Discharge Data

Heat from the refrigeration cycle can discharge either into another refrigeration
cycle, or into one of the utilities listed in your utility data file. To enter Heat
Discharge Data for the refrigeration cycle:
1. In the Refrigeration Model window, double-click the Heat Discharge data

group. An Exchanger window appears:
This Exchanger window shows that the heat from the refrigeration cycle is
discharged into cooling water utility CW in exchanger C3CW. The heat could
also have been discharged into another refrigeration cycle-- for example, as in
cascaded cycles.
2. In the Exchanger ID box, enter a unique exchanger ID.

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3. Click on the Cost button to select the cost law that Aspen Pinch should use
for the exchanger. A wide range of built-in exchanger types and materials of
construction are available. If preferred, you can also supply your own cost law
here.
4. In the Heat Sink pane, enter either the utility or cycle and level that receives
the heat discharged. This ID must correspond to a unique cold utility ID in
the Utility data file. If you do not already have such a utility in your utility
data file, enter a new utility ID in the To Utility box. At the same time, it is
recommended that you click the Case Manager window and create or edit
your utility data file to include the new utility.
5. Complete the Exchanger Operating Data pane, then click OK to save and
close the window.
Refrigerant Condensing Data

To specify the temperature or pressure at which the refrigerant condenses at
high pressure:
1. In the Refrigeration Model window, double-click the T-high data group. A

Refrigerant Condensing Conditions window appears:
2. Enter either the temperature or pressure at which you want the refrigerant
to condense.
Utility Data
Utility data are required to model a refrigeration system. To input utility data
into Aspen Pinch, follow the steps described in Chapter 3.

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Chapter 9
The following figure shows a portion of the utility data file that corresponds to
the refrigeration system described in the last figure. The electricity used by the
refrigeration system has a cost and is included in the utility data file. So also is
cooling water, which is used on the compressor discharge streams.
For more information on utility data entries, see Chapter 3.
Economic Data
Economic data are also required for a refrigeration system. To input such data
into Aspen Pinch, follow the steps described in Chapter 3.

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The following figure provides an illustration of the economic data required:
Saving your Refrigeration Model

To save your heat and power system model at any time, with the Refrigeration

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Deleting Refrigeration Systems and Cycles

To delete either a refrigeration system or cycle:
Refrigeration. A Refrigeration System window appears:
2. To delete the refrigeration system and/or cycle, click the Delete System or
Delete Cycle buttons. Then click OK to save and close the window.
Running the Refrigeration Model Standalone

After you have created all the refrigeration system data files described
previously, you can run the refrigeration system model.
To run the refrigeration system model standalone, not as part of targeting:
1. Click the Heat & Power button of the common toolbar:

2. If you have only one refrigeration system, go to Step 3.

If you have several refrigeration systems:
• From the menu bar, select Heat/Power, Select and Refrigeration.

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The Editing Refrig Model Selection window appears:
• In the Refrigeration System Block to Be Used box, enter the identifier of

the refrigeration system you want to run. By clicking the List button, you
can view and select from all the refrigeration systems you have supplied
data for.
• Enter a name for the refrigeration system report.
3. From the menu bar, select Heat/Power and Run Refrigeration.

Aspen Pinch calculates the refrigeration system conditions and writes these
into the Heat and Power window.
If errors occur during the calculation of refrigeration system conditions, Aspen

Pinch indicates what these errors are. You see a new window containing all
errors.
thermodynamic relationship beyond its bounds. However, an error flagged with
ERROR LABEL: 4 is terminal and must be corrected. The error will have a
description to help you sort out the problem.

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Running the Refrigeration System Model in Targeting

When you have checked that your refrigeration system runs without errors in a
standalone way, you can connect the refrigeration system to targeting:
1. Make sure that each utility associated with the refrigeration systems in your
utility data has the following parameters:
• Modact — This is the model activity, which should have the value 1. This
indicates that the refrigeration level or economizer level duty calculated
during targeting should be used in the detailed refrigeration system model
calculations.
• ModelID — This is the identifier for the refrigeration system which is to
supply the refrigeration levels. In the previous example, ModelID is
OLEFINS.
2. Run targeting and place your refrigeration levels and other utilities, as
described in Chapter 4.
3. Check the targeting report. You should see a section titled Refrigeration,
which contains all the calculated conditions for the refrigeration system
supplying the targeted refrigeration duties. If only a short report is seen, and
you want to look at the detailed refrigeration model results, from the menu
bar select Targets, Report and Settings: Target. In the Report Options
window that appears, make sure that Refrigeration Model Report = YES.
Customizing Your Refrigeration System Report

To customize your refrigeration system report:
1. With a targeting window active, select Settings, Report and Heat and Power
Report from the main menu bar.
2. Use the option boxes to customize your heat and power report, and in
particular, your refrigeration system report. Use the scroll bar on the right
side of this window to view the full range of customization options.

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Adding More Heat Discharge Exchangers to your Model

You can add more heat discharge exchangers to your refrigeration cycle. To
create an additional heat discharge exchanger to one of your refrigeration cycles:
1. In the Refrigeration Model window with your refrigeration cycle showing,

right-click the mouse over the heat discharge exchanger to reveal the
following popup menu:
2. To insert a new heat discharge exchanger before the existing one, click Insert
Before. To insert a new heat discharge exchanger after the existing one, click
Insert After. The refrigeration system in the Refrigeration Model window will
be redrawn to include the new exchanger.
3. Double-click the new exchanger to complete the exchanger details, as

described in Heat Discharge Data, on page 9-61.
Adding More Refrigeration Levels to your Model

You can add more refrigeration levels to your refrigeration cycle. To create an
additional refrigeration level to one of your refrigeration cycles:
1. In the Refrigeration Model window with your refrigeration cycle showing,

right-click the mouse over the Refrigeration Level data group. From the
popup menu that appears, select either Insert Before to add a lower-
temperature refrigeration stage, or select Insert After to add a higher
temperature refrigeration level. The refrigeration Model window will be
redrawn to include the new refrigeration level.
2. Complete the details for this new refrigeration level, as explained earlier in
this chapter.

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Chapter 10
10 Heat Exchanger
Network Simulation and
Optimization
This chapter describes how Aspen Pinch is used to simulate or optimize a heat
exchanger network (HEN). Simulation and optimization can be performed in
either rating mode or design mode.
Use this mode To determine the
Rating Operating conditions of the HEN, given the detailed geometrical details of each heat exchanger in the HEN
and stream physical properties.
Design Size and geometry of new heat exchangers. Optimization is used to minimize the total annualized cost of
your HEN, considering both capital and energy costs. Or Aspen Pinch’s optimization can minimize only
capital costs.
Before simulating or optimizing a HEN, you should already have identified a

HEN design. This design should either exist on paper or have been designed
within Aspen Pinch, as described in the chapter Working with Projects, Cases
and Data.
Aspen Pinch's simulation and optimization features allow you to establish the
design parameters of the heat exchangers in your HEN design. Ultimately in
your design, pressure drop, exchanger geometries and layout become important.
Aspen Pinch’s HEN simulation/optimization feature helps you add more detail to
your design. It gives you the opportunity to identify variables and gain more
insight into the final design. It also enables you to obtain a more accurate cost
estimate for your network.

Version 10.2
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Exchanger
Network
Simulation and
Optimization
In addition, Aspen B-JAC Hetran models can be used in Network

Simulation/Optimization. The prerequisites to using Aspen B-JAC and the input
forms are described in Chapter 8. If you intend to simulate a network that has
only splitters, mixers, and B-JAC Hetran unit operations (no pumps, valves, etc.),
you will find it much simpler to use Network Design.
This chapter explains simulation and optimization beginning with the simplest
feature (simple simulation). As the chapter develops, so the level of complexity is
increased.
The main sections in this chapter are:

• Simple simulation — Simple refers to a simulation in which heat
exchanger models are described by surface areas, user-supplied heat
transfer coefficients, temperatures and duty. Process streams are
described by temperatures and duty. No detailed heat exchanger design
information or detailed stream physical property information is required.
• Detailed simulation — Detailed refers to a simulation in which detailed
heat exchanger models are used. These detailed models include the
geometrical features of the exchangers, such as tube diameters and baffle
spacings. Detailed stream physical property information is also required,
including physical properties such as viscosity and density over the full
temperature range of the stream.
• Simple optimization — This involves simple heat exchangers, with no
physical property information.
• Detailed optimization — This involves detailed heat exchangers, where
exchanger geometry is considered and stream physical property values are
required.
An important principle in this chapter, to be followed as you simulate/optimize

your network, is to start with a simple system and progress to the detailed
system. Always make sure your simulation works in a simple form before
progressing to the detailed analysis.

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Data Files Used in Simulation/

Optimization
Aspen Pinch uses many data files to simulate and optimize a heat exchanger
network. An overview of the files required is given in Figure 10-1.
Utility Data
temperatures,
pressures,
physical properties
(either as tables or
equations)
Stream Data
temperatures, Economic Data
pressures, operating time per
physical properties year,
(either as tables or equipment lifetime
equations)
HEN SIMULATION/
OPTIMIZATION
Network Data
(Block Data)
Cost Data
equipment types,
for each equipment
connectivity,
type in network
equipment design
details
Variable/
Convergence
Data
tolerance,
number of iterations
Figure 10-1. Data Required for Simulation/Optimization
The following sections describe each category of data in detail.

Version 10.2
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Exchanger
Network
Simulation and
Optimization
Stream Information
In detailed simulation, many data files are required for process streams, in part
because all stream physical properties have to be specified. Figure 10-2 outlines
the data files that are required for the process streams within a network.
Stream Data
Single file which lists for
each stream:
stream name,
temperatures,
Simulation Stream Data duty estimate,
File HTC estimate,
Single file which lists for simulation stream ID
each simulation stream:
simulation stream ID,
pressure, either
Physical Property Set IDor
refinery stream
characteristics (UOPK, API),
flow
Physical Property Sets
File
Single file which for each
Physical Property Set ID
lists a
Property Table ID or
Property Equation IDwhich
describes each physical
Property Tables - separate property:
table (file) for each enthalpy, HTC,
If data in
property, each table Tabular form
vapor fraction, viscosity, If Data in
includes tabular data of density, thermal Equation Form Property Equations -
that property for all conductivity, surface separate table (file) for
tension, API gravity. each property
streams (separate filename for each
property).
Enthalpy Table Enthalpy Equation
Heat Transfer Coeffic. Table Heat Transfer Coeffic. Equation
Vapor Fraction Table Vapor Fraction Equation
Viscosity Table Viscosity Equation
Density Table Density Equation
Thermal Conductivity Table Thermal Conductivity Equation
Surface Tension Table Surface Tension Equation
API gravity Table API gravity Table
API Table ID 1, Temp 1, Press 1, value 1 API equation ID 1, Equation constants 1 to 5

API Table ID 1,Temp 2, Press 2, value 2 API equation ID 2, Equation constants 1 to 5
API Table ID 1, Temp 3, Press 3, value 3 API equation ID 3, Equation constants 1 to 5
etc etc
API Table ID 2, Temp 1, Press 1, value 1 (API gravity equation for all streams stored in
API Table ID 2,Temp 2, Press 2, value 2 this file)
API Table ID 2,Temp 3, Press 3, value 3
etc
etc
(API gravity data for all streams stored in
this file)
Figure 10-2. Stream Information Required by Simulation/Optimization

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The temperature and duty information are stored in the Stream Data. This data
is primarily used in targeting. For simulation/optimization, each process stream
also has a simulation stream ID. This ID relates the stream to more detailed
stream information which is stored in the Simulation Stream Data file. Hence,
each simulation stream has its own ID that identifies it with a unique stream in
the stream data.
If your simulation stream is a refinery stream, you can specify an API gravity
and UOP characterization factor for that stream within the simulation stream
data. From these values, Aspen Pinch automatically calculates stream physical
properties. If the streams are not refinery streams, you must enter physical
property data directly into physical property tables. Each simulation stream has
a Physical Property Set ID, which tells Aspen Pinch where to look for the
stream's physical property data.
The Physical Property Sets file tells Aspen Pinch whether values for a given
physical property are in table form or are calculated from a user-supplied
equation. It points Aspen Pinch to the appropriate file where either tabular or
equation data are stored.
Figure 10-2 shows the physical property data required for a detailed HEN
simulation/ optimization.
Note If you import data from Aspen Plus, you can choose to import
stream data, network data and all the physical property
information required for simulation/optimization. See the chapter
Importing and Segmenting Data.

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Simulation and
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Network Information
Your network might contain several types of unit operation blocks. Figure 10-3
describes the block types available in Aspen Pinch.
A simple network will comprise simple heat exchangers and perhaps flow
splitters and stream mixers.
Component Splitter
Decanter/Desalter
Flash
Valve
Stream Relation
Compressor
Pump
Air Cooler
Furnace
Fired Heater
Stream Mixer
Flow Splitter
Simple Heat Exchanger
Detailed Heat
Exchanger
Exchanger ID,
stream in and out ID's,
New/Old exchanger,
Tubeside calculation
method,
geometry (No. tubes, tube
diameters, tube pitch,
shell diameter, etc),
Figure 10-3. Heat Exchanger Network Information Required by

Simulation/Optimization

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Chapter 10
Cost Information
One significant advantage of simulating your network in detail is that you will
gain a high degree of accuracy in equipment design details. You can use this
information to improve cost estimates for equipment. To help achieve accurate
cost estimates, Aspen Pinch has different cost files to describe the costs of each
different block type. Each file allows you to enter a reference cost, reference size,
and cost law exponent. This allows Aspen Pinch to determine equipment costs
based on relative size. Additional factors can be placed for the effects of pressure,
temperature, and materials.
Figure 10-4 shows the cost files used by Aspen Pinch for a range of different
equipment-types, to determine accurate investment costs.
Heat
Exchanger
Fired Heater
Furnace
Air Cooler
Pump
Compressor
Motor
Steam
Turbine
Cost ID,
Ref Size,
Ref Cost,
Cost Law
Exponent,
Installation
factor,
etc.
Figure 10-4. Cost Information Required by Simulation/Optimization

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Simple HEN Simulation

This section describes simple simulation, in which Aspen Pinch calculates the
conditions in a network, based on user inputs. Simple simulation does not
consider the detailed geometry of heat exchangers. It simply calculates network
performance, based on temperatures, duties, heat transfer coefficients, and
surface area of heat exchangers. You may specify some temperatures, some
exchanger areas and some exchanger duties. Aspen Pinch will use the stream
data and network information to determine network conditions. In simple
simulation, only enthalpy is used. No other physical properties are considered.
Before You Start a Simple HEN Simulation

To perform a simple HEN simulation, you need the following information. If you
have an Aspen Plus simulation of your process and heat exchanger network, you
can import stream data, network data and all the physical property information
required for simulation/optimization. For more information, see the chapter
Importing and Segmenting Data.
Specify Stream Data

You should already have entered your stream data, as described in the chapter
Working with Projects, Cases and Data. This data should comprise stream
temperatures, duties and heat transfer coefficients.
Specify Network Data

Before you can simulate a heat exchanger network, you must have a HEN design
already completed, either operating or designed. The easiest way to enter your
HEN design into Aspen Pinch is using the Network Design option. For
instructions on how to do this, see the chapter New Network Design.
When developing your HEN design, make sure to completely specify each heat
exchanger, not only entering duties and temperatures but also including stream
heat transfer coefficients. Aspen Pinch can then calculate heat transfer area
requirements for each heat exchanger.

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Specify Utility Data

Enter utility data in the same way as described in the chapter Working with
Projects, Cases and Data. The utilities used in simulation cannot be connected to
heat and power models. Also, unlike targeting, it is not necessary to have at least
one hot and one cold utility.
Specify Cost Data

Enter your heat exchanger cost data in the same way as described in the chapter
Working with Projects, Cases and Data.
Specify Economic Data

Enter your economic data in the same way as described in the chapter Working
with Projects, Cases and Data.
Performing a Simple Simulation

In a simple HEN simulation, Aspen Pinch calculates the thermal performance of
each heat exchanger in the network. The performance is based on simple heat
exchanger specifications such as area, temperatures, and duty. A simple
simulation does not account for the geometry of any heat exchanger. Before
starting a simple simulation, you should have entered your network in grid
diagram form in Aspen Pinch’s Network Design tool, or imported a network from
Aspen Plus. You can perform a simple simulation either from within Network
Design, or by directly activating Aspen Pinch's Simulation feature, as described
in the following sections.

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Simple Simulation from Within Network Design

To perform a simple simulation from within Network Design, the Network
Design Grid window should be open and the network completed and saved, as
follows:
To perform a simple simulation of your network:
1. With the Network Design Grid window active, from the menu bar, select
Network and Simulate.
Aspen Pinch creates the data files required, and calculates the performance of
each exchanger within the network. As the conditions of each exchanger are
calculated, the exchangers in the Network Design Grid window are each
highlighted in turn. The progress of the simulation is also shown in the footer
of the main Aspen Pinch window. Once the simulation is complete, you can
view the simulation results.
2. From the menu bar, select Network, Reports and Simulation.

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The Simulation Report window appears:
Use the scroll bars to scroll through the report. The report for the simple
simulation shows the calculated conditions in each heat exchanger in the
network. The operating conditions are determined based on the variables that
were set in network design, such as area, temperatures and duty.
For more details about the report, see The Simulation Report on page 10-22.
Simple Simulation Using the Simulation Feature

Although you can perform simple simulation from within Aspen Pinch's Network
Design feature, you should access the full capabilities of simulation and
optimization through Aspen Pinch's Simulation feature.
Before starting a simple simulation, you should have entered your network in
grid diagram form in Aspen Pinch’s Network Design tool.
To start Aspen Pinch’s simulation feature, click the Simulation button on the
common toolbar:
As an alternative, from the menu bar select Tools and Simulation.
A blank Simulation window appears:

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To perform a simple simulation of your network:
1. Start the simulation, as described above.
2. Transfer your network data into a form suitable for Aspen Pinch's simulation
tool. With the Simulation window active, select Data and Transfer Design to
Simulation from the menu bar.
The Simulation window heading changes to Simulation (Transferring

Design..), and Aspen Pinch sets up the files necessary to perform a simple
simulation. For more information on the number and content of these files,
see Data Files Used in Simple Simulation on page 10-14.
3. From the menu bar, select Network and Run Simulation to run the
simulation of your network.
Aspen Pinch calculates the performance of each exchanger within the

network. Once the calculations are complete, the heading in the Simulation
window changes to Simulation Report, and the window contains the results of
the simulation calculations, as shown in the previous section.
For more details about the report, see The Simulation Report on page 10-22.

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Omitting Exchangers from the Simulation

You may want to omit some heat exchangers or blocks in your simulation and
subsequent optimization and not recalculate their associated conditions, perhaps
because of some site constraints. To omit blocks from your
simulation/optimization:
1. With the Simulation window active, from the menu bar select Simulation and
Simulation Blocks. The Editing Blocks to Simulate window appears, showing
a summary of each block:
Blocks are the various pieces of equipment, stream mixers, and stream splits
in the network design. This window also contains information about block
types and connectivity.
2. If you want to omit a block from your simulation, change the YES next to the
block name to NO. Double-click on the YES field, and select NO from the
dropdown menu.
3. Once you have reviewed the Editing Blocks to Simulate window, close the
window. When Aspen Pinch prompts you to save the data, answer Yes.
You can now run the network simulation/optimization with your specified blocks
omitted.

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Data Files Used in Simple Simulation

While performing simulation or optimization, Aspen Pinch requires stream and
network data in a different form from that used in targeting and network design.
More data files are required because of the additional data needed for a detailed
evaluation of a heat exchanger network. Detailed analysis will be described later.
The additional information required to perform a simple simulation, over and

above the data required for targeting and network design, is minimal. Hence,
although some additional files are created for simple simulation, there is little
additional data contained in them when compared to the targeting and network
design data.
Aspen Pinch can automatically transfer the data used in targeting and network
design into a form more suitable for simulation/optimization calculations, as
explained earlier in this chapter. As the network is transferred into the form
required for simple simulation, several data files are automatically created, as
follows: simulation stream data; Hfilm table; physical property sets data; total
enthalpy table; simple HXER data; mixer block and flow splitter block. Each file
is discussed in detail below.
Simulation Stream Data

The purpose of the Simulation Stream Data file is to describe in detail the
process streams which exchange heat. See Figure 10-2 for information on where
the file fits into the overall description of stream information. The Simulation
Stream Data file contains any detailed information that is available about
stream pressure and pseudo-component flows, namely hydrocarbon and
nonhydrocarbon flows, water liquid and vapor flows, and noncondensable flow.
The Simulation Stream Data file should not be confused with the Stream Data
file, which describes only simple stream information such as temperatures, duty,
and heat transfer coefficient.
One example where the simulation stream data file is useful is for refinery
streams. For such streams, Aspen Pinch allows the user to enter the stream API
gravity and UOP characterization factor into the Simulation Stream Data. From
this, Aspen Pinch calculates detailed physical properties for the stream.
Alternatively, if the physical property information for a stream is available either

in tabular form or as an equation, the Simulation Stream Data file points Aspen
Pinch to the appropriate Aspen Pinch physical property data set for that stream.
This physical property data set describes where such property data can be found.
See Figure 10-2 for more information on this link.

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The information in the Simulation Stream Data file is most relevant to detailed
simulation/optimization. For simple simulation, it should be regarded as a file
that is required but which contains no additional information over the Stream
Data file.
You can view the Simulation Stream Data by selecting Data and Simulation
Streams from the menu bar. As an alternative, in the Case Manager window,
double-click on the Simulation Stream Data file. Here is a sample Simulation
Stream Data file:
The following table provides some additional information on this data:
Line 1, StreamID This must match the ID of a stream in your Stream Data.
Line 2, Temp Stream Temperature.
Line 4, PPSet Tells Aspen Pinch the name of the file which describes the stream’s physical property files. See Figure 10-2
for more information on this link.
Line 9, UOPK The UOP characterization factor. Aspen Pinch uses this and the API gravity (line 7) to calculate physical
properties for refinery-type streams.
Hfilm Table
The heat transfer coefficient data from the Stream Data is incorporated into a
new Hfilm Table. This table is only used for simple simulation, and not for
detailed simulation and optimization.
If you want to use different values for heat transfer coefficients during simple
simulation, you should edit this Hfilm table and enter your preferred values.

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The Editing Hfilm Table can be viewed if the Simulation window is active, by
selecting Data, Tabular Properties and Film Coefficient from the menu bar.
Alternatively, in the Case Manager window, double-click Hfilm Table. Here is a
sample Hfilm Table:
Physical Property Sets Data

You may have physical property data for one or all of your process streams in the
heat exchanger network. If so, you can enter these into Aspen Pinch.
The Physical Property Sets data file tells Aspen Pinch where to look for stream
physical properties. It tells Aspen Pinch whether the data is in table form or
represented by an equation. See Figure 10-2 for a pictorial overview to see where
the Physical Property Sets data fits into the overall suite of data.
With the simulation window active, you can view the Editing Physical Property
Sets window by selecting Data and Physical Property Sets from the menu bar. As
an alternative, in the Case Manager window, double-click Physical Property Sets.

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Here is a sample Physical Property Sets file:
The PPSetID is the physical property calculation method ID. It tells Aspen Pinch
where to look for physical property data for each stream. This ID corresponds to
a PPSetID in the Simulation Stream Data (see Figure 10-2).
The physical properties that can be entered in Aspen Pinch are listed in the
preceding graphic. Property data can be supplied either in table form or as an
equation.
If you have tabular data, you should enter an ID for the property in the PPSets
form. The first letter of this ID must be the letter T. If you want Aspen Pinch to
calculate a physical property using your own equation, the first letter of the ID
must be the letter E. For example, in the previously illustrated PPSets file, for
the stream with a PPSetID of HOT1, Aspen Pinch will look up the total enthalpy
values in a table with identifier THOT1.
For a simple simulation, you need use only the enthalpies. Other physical
properties are not required, as shown in the PPSet Table above.

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Total Enthalpy Table

The previously illustrated physical property set (PPSets) Table tells Aspen Pinch
that, for the stream with a PPSetID of HOT1, total enthalpy values can be found
in a table with identifier THOT1. The corresponding Total Enthalpy Table would
look as follows:
Total stream enthalpies (vapor plus liquid enthalpies) for all streams are stored
in this table. The table is automatically generated when you transfer your
network data into a form suitable for simulation (see page 10-11). The table gives
the identifier and corresponding temperatures, pressures, and total enthalpy
values. To view the Total Enthalpy Table, select Data, Tabular Properties and
Total Enthalpy from the menu bar. As an alternative, in the Case Manager
window, double-click on Total Enthalpy Table.
Simple Heat Exchanger (HXER) Block

For simple simulation, each heat exchanger is modeled as a simple heat
exchanger whose operating conditions are calculated from surface area, duty,
temperatures, and user-supplied heat transfer coefficients. The details of
exchanger geometry are not accounted for. Details for each simple heat
exchanger are entered in a Simple Heat Exchanger (Hxer) Block file.

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The easiest way to generate Simple Heat Exchanger block data for your network
is to first develop the design using Aspen Pinch’s Network Design tool, then let
Aspen Pinch automatically transfer the network into the form required for
simulation and optimization. This procedure was described earlier in this
chapter. When Aspen Pinch does this, it places all hot streams nominally on the
tube side and all cold streams on the shell side. It also places all process streams
in utility exchangers on the shell side. This stream side allocation is a convention
Aspen Pinch uses to organize the network and stream data. It does not affect the
results for Simple Heat Exchanger blocks.
With the simulation window active, you can view the Simple Hxer Block file by
selecting Data, Block Data and Simple Heat Exchanger from the menu bar. As
an alternative, in the Case Manager window, double-click Simple Hxer Block. A
Simple Hxer Block file might look as follows, in Record Format:

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The following table provides additional information on this window:
Lines 2-5 Stream IDs describing the connectivity of the heat exchanger. This is described in more detail below.
Line 6, OldNew If a new design, the exchanger is NEW. In a retrofit, the exchanger could be either NEW or OLD.
Line 7, USID Utility ID - only required if the exchanger is a heater or cooler. A utility with the same Utility ID must be
present in the UTILITY file.
Line 9, Option Specify one of the following based on the values you already know, or want to specify:
AREA Specify exchanger area
TAPP Specify minimum approach temperature
SHELTEMP specify shell side outlet temperature
HEATDUTY specify heat exchanger duty
Lines 11 - 14 Based on your entry in line 9, Option, specify the corresponding value for one of Area, Tapp, ShelTemp or
HeatDuty. You can specify several of these, but only the value corresponding to your OPTION will be used
by Aspen Pinch in calculations. Note that the heat duty value is positive, if the shell side is heated, and
negative if the shell side is cooled. In utility exchangers modeled as simple heat exchangers, process
streams are specified as flowing on the shell side. Hence, for a cooler where heat is removed from the
process stream on the shell side, the heat duty is a negative number.
Line 24 UCalc Calculation method for overall heat transfer coefficient. If the U value is to be calculated from the values in
the Hfilm Table, specify HFILM. If you want to supply a value, specify SUPPLIED
Line 25, UValue If you set UCalc = SUPPLIED in line 24, enter a U value here.
Line 29, CostCorr Enter a cost correlation type. It is strongly recommended that you enter USER and then supply a USER cost
law ID in the User Heat Exchanger Cost Data file.
The Simple Hxer Block file in Table format looks as follows:
You can see the connectivity between heat exchangers, represented in the
preceding graphic by the S numbers. These correspond to substreams in the heat
exchanger network and allow Aspen Pinch to understand the connectivity of
streams to heat exchangers within the network.

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The heat exchanger network that corresponds to this Simple Hxer Block file is
given here:
Mixer Blocks
Mixer blocks are simple files that allow Aspen Pinch to understand which
streams are mixed. With the simulation window active, you can view the Mixer
Block file by selecting Data, Block Data and Stream Mixer from the menu bar. As
an alternative, in the Case Manager window, double-click Mixer Block. A Simple
Mixer Block file follows, describing the mixer in the previously illustrated
Network Design Grid:

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Flow Splitter Blocks

Flow Splitter blocks are simple files that allow Aspen Pinch to understand which
streams should be split, and what the split fraction should be. With the
simulation window active, you can view the Flow Splitter Block file by selecting
Data, Block Data and Flow Splitter from the menu bar. As an alternative, in the
Case Manager window, double-click Flow Splitter Block. A Simple Flow Splitter
Block file follows, describing the splitter in the previously illustrated Network
Design Grid:
The Simulation Report

After a HEN simulation is completed successfully, the Simulation window
changes to Simulation Report. The contents of the simulation Report vary,
depending on whether simple or detailed simulation or optimization is
performed. The elements of the report in each case are as follows:
Table of Contents Allows you to quickly move to those parts of the report of particular interest.
Block Convergence Status Indicates which blocks have converged results and the corresponding residual error. If some
blocks don’t converge, you may need to rerun the simulation, or increase the simulation
tolerance slightly.
Unit Operation Block Section The calculated conditions and connectivity information of each unit operation block are
presented, including heat exchangers, flow splitters/mixers and any other types of equipment.
Cost and Size Section The size, equipment cost and associated operating costs for each unit operation block are
tabulated. The costs associated with process and utility streams are also listed.

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Simulation Report Tools

Some Aspen Pinch simulation/optimization reports can be quite long. Aspen
Pinch has several tools to help you quickly review and move within the
information in your simulation/optimization report. These report tools can be
accessed from the following popup menu that appears when you right-click your
mouse in the report window:
The following sections describe each item of this popup menu.
Find Text
To find text in your report:
1. Select Find from the popup menu.
A Find window appears.
2. Enter the text you want to find in the box provided within the window.
Qualify your find operation by selecting either the Up or Down button in the
Direction box, and by selecting the Match Case box. If you want to search
using the wildcard character *, select the Use Pattern Matching box.

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3. Click the Find Next button in the Find window. If Aspen Pinch finds the text,
the cursor position in the Simulation Report window will move to that text.
Set Bookmarks
You can set bookmarks to move easily within the report. For example, you can
set a bookmark called Exchangers at the beginning of the detailed exchanger
reports, or a bookmark called Coolers at the start of the cooler reports. To set
bookmarks:
1. Move the cursor to the position in your report where you want to place the
bookmark.
Right-click the mouse button and select Bookmark from the popup menu that
appears. A Bookmark dialog box appears:
2. Enter the name you want to give the bookmark, then click the Add button in
the bookmark window.
If you have several bookmarks, each will be listed. This helps you pick a
unique bookmark name.
To delete or go to other bookmarks, highlight the bookmark name you want to

delete or go to, then click either the Delete or Go To boxes.
Multiple bookmarks in the Bookmark window can be listed in alphabetical or

positional order. Select your preference by clicking either the Name or Position
buttons in the Sort By box.
Go To
Aspen Pinch allows you to quickly move within a simulation/optimization report,
using line numbers or bookmarks.
To use the Go To facility:
1. Right-click the mouse button in the report window. From the popup menu
that appears, select Go To. The Go To dialog box appears:

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2. To move to a given line using a line number, click the Line button, then enter
the line number in the Line Number field. Finally click the Go To button.
The cursor moves in the simulation report window to the beginning of your
specified line.
To move to a given bookmark, click the Bookmark button, then select the
bookmark you want to go to in the Bookmark box:
Finally, click the Go To button.
The cursor moves in the simulation report window to the bookmark position
you specified.
Snapshot
Aspen Pinch enables you to take a snapshot of your simulation/optimization
report, perhaps for comparison with another report later in your analysis. To
take a snapshot of the report, right-click the mouse button in the report window
and select Snapshot from the menu that appears.
A new window is created titled Snapshot of Simulation Report and containing a

copy of your report.
Refresh Report
If you want to refresh your report view, right-click the mouse button in the report
window and select Refresh from the menu that appears.

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Formatting
Aspen Pinch allows you to edit your report format in the following ways:
Set Tab Spacing — Enables you to set the number of character columns
between tabs. With the report window active, from the menu bar, select View and
Set Tab Stops.
Select Font — Enables you to change the fonts used in the report. Right-click
the mouse button in the report window, and from the menu that appears, select
Font.
Printing
To print your Simulation Report, right-click the mouse button in the report
window and from the pop-up menu that appears, select Print.
To preview your Simulation Report print, right-click the mouse button in the
report window. From the popup menu that appears, select Print Preview.
If you want to change the appearance of your printed report:
1. Close the print preview window.
2. From the menu bar, select File and Page Setup. Adjust the page setup to your
requirements.
3. From the menu bar, select File and Print Setup. Adjust the print setup to
your requirements.
4. Preview the report again. If the preview shows the report in the format you
want, select the Print button from within Print Preview.
Detailed HEN Simulation

For a detailed simulation, the geometry of some or all heat exchangers is
considered. This includes design values for shell diameters, tube diameters,
baffle spacing, and so on. Detailed stream physical properties are required to
perform such calculations, in order to accurately model pressure drops and heat
transfer coefficients.

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Aspen Pinch’s detailed HEN simulation feature is not limited to modeling heat
exchangers. Many other unit operations can be included, such as furnaces,
decanters, pumps and flash drums. If you import your data from an Aspen Plus
simulation, only streams and heat exchangers will be imported. Unit operations
such as flash drums, decanters, pumps, compressors, motors and turbines will
not be imported, and should be created separately within Aspen Pinch.
Detailed simulation can be run in either rating mode or design mode. In rating
mode, the exchanger designs have been set and Aspen Pinch is used to predict
the performance of the network. In design mode, duty and temperatures are
known for individual heat exchangers. The details of the design, such as tube
length and number of tubes, are not yet known and have to be determined. The
following sections discuss both modes of operation.
You can also model heat exchangers using Aspen B-JAC. These, too, can be run
in either simulation or design mode. In simulation mode, the heat exchanger
geometry is specified in Aspen B-JAC and you reference the Hetran file (with a
.bjt suffix) in Aspen Pinch.
Before You Start a Detailed HEN Simulation

Before you start a detailed HEN simulation, you need all the information
summarized in Figure 10-1.
Specifying Your Heat Exchanger Network

The simplest way to specify your heat exchanger network is to first follow the
steps outlined in Performing a Simple Simulation. When you do so, you will
obtain a network for simulation that comprises simple heat exchangers or
detailed Aspen B-JAC Hetran exchangers. If all of your exchangers are simple
exchangers, you should simulate your network as a simple network to make sure
all inputs are correct.
After your network simulates without errors as a simple simulation, you are
ready to convert your network to consider detailed heat exchanger models and
perhaps other unit operations.
To use an Aspen B-JAC heat exchanger in your simulation:
Complete the B-JAC Hetran form as described in Chapter 8. If you have already
done this in Network Design, the B-JAC information is already present.

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If you simulated the network in Network Design and your simulation contains
unit operations other splitters, mixers, and Hetran exchangers (the unit
operations present in Netwwork Design), you will need to manually change the
Hot Side and Cold Side Stream Ids to maintain the connectivity between unit
operations.
If you have not simulated the network in Network Design you need to make
sure that you enter the Hot Side and Cold Side Stream Ids correctly:
Stream Ids:
To add an Aspen Pinch detailed heat exchanger block into your simulation model:
1. With the Simulation window active, view the simple heat exchanger
information by selecting Data, Block Data and Simple Heat Exchanger from
the menu bar.
2. In the same way, view the detailed heat exchanger information by selecting
Data, Block Data and Detailed Heat Exchanger from the menu bar. If you
have not done a simulation or optimization with detailed heat exchanger or
other unit operations in your current case, the fields within this window will
be empty.
3. View the Simple and Detailed heat exchanger windows simultaneously in

record format by selecting Window and Tile from the menu bar.

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4. Select the simple heat exchanger that you want to convert to a detailed
exchanger, using the Next Record and Previous Record buttons on the Edit
toolbar. The detailed heat exchanger has to have the same connectivity as the
simple exchanger. Use the Copy and Paste features of Aspen Pinch to copy
the connectivity data (lines 2 to 5) from the simple heat exchanger:
to the detailed heat exchanger (lines 2 to 5):

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5. In the detailed exchanger window, complete the exchanger name in the BlkID
field. The name must be different to the simple heat exchanger name.
However, it is recommended that the name be similar so that you can keep
track of your simulation exchangers.
6. Copy the SpecType from the simple (line 9) to the detailed heat exchanger
(line 11) window. Depending on the spectype - AREA, TAPP, SHELTEMP,
DUTY, copy the corresponding value from the simple (lines 11 to 14) to the
detailed exchanger (lines 13 to 16) window.
For more information on detailed heat exchanger data requirements, see the
section Aspen B-JAC Hetran Exchanger on page 10-40.
7. Use the verify button on the Edit toolbar to check your input:
8. Complete the procedure for any other heat exchanger you want to model in
detail.
After completing this procedure, you will have some exchangers that can be
modeled either by simple or detailed simulation blocks. See the next section to
select either the simple exchanger model or the detailed exchanger model in your
simulation.
The procedure described here has focussed on transferring simple exchanger data
to a detailed exchanger model. However, the data can also be transferred to any
other Aspen Pinch model types available. A full list of these other block types is
given in Figure 10-3.
Specifying Which Blocks to Simulate

After you have created some detailed heat exchangers as in the last section, you
can model such exchangers either using the simple exchanger model or the
detailed exchanger model.
To select which block models are used in the simulation:
1. With the simulation window open, from the menu bar select Network and
Simulation Blocks. The Editing Blocks to Simulate window appears:

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2. For the same heat exchanger, enter Select=YES for one of the exchanger
models, and Select=NO for the other exchanger model. In this example, the
simple model (Model=SHXER) for exchanger HX06 is not selected, but the
detailed model (Model=HXER) for the same exchanger is.
3. Close the window. Aspen Pinch will guide you as to whether to save or cancel
your changes.
Specifying Utility Data

Enter your utility data in the same way as described in the chapter Working with
Projects, Cases and Data.
Specifying Equipment Cost Data

You should have cost equations for each type of equipment used in your heat
exchanger network. These equations help Aspen Pinch determine a cost for each
piece of equipment, depending on its size. The types of equipment which require
a cost equation are summarized in Figure 10-4.
Each cost equation should be in the form:
Actual Cost = Mobiliz + RefCost * (Size) Exponent
– Or –
(Actual Cost) / RefCost = (Size / Refsize) Exponent
To view the cost data for each equipment type, with the simulation window
active, select from the menu bar Data and Economic. The following menu
appears, from which you can select the block model you want:

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The following figure provides an example of the cost data for the detailed heat
exchanger (User Heat Exchanger Cost):
Specifying Economic Data

Enter your economic data in the same way as described in the chapter Working
with Projects, Cases and Data.

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Specifying Physical Property Sets Data

For simple simulation, there is no need to enter detailed physical properties
about any of the process streams. However, detailed simulation does require
detailed physical properties to calculate pressure drops and heat transfer
coefficients.
The relationships between the various physical property data files is given in
Figure 10-2. Your physical property data can be either in table or equation
format. If you have an Aspen Plus simulation of your streams, then you can
import the physical property data for these streams directly into Aspen Pinch.
However, as your data may be in some other format, you may have to enter the
data manually.
To see what physical properties are required, let's look at an example. Before you
start to enter physical properties into Aspen Pinch, you should have all your data
in tabular or equation form. This example assumes that you have been through
the steps outlined above and successfully completed a simple HEN simulation.
To put your physical properties into the form needed by Aspen Pinch for
simulation:
1. View your Simulation Stream Data, by selecting Data and Simulation

Streams from the menu bar. The Editing Simulation Stream Data window
appears:
Each simulation stream will have a Physical Property Set ID, generated when
you transferred the network design into the form required by Aspen Pinch for
simulation. This ID tells Aspen Pinch the name of the file that contains the
location of the physical property data.

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Note If you know either the API gravity or the specific gravity at 15/4
and the UOP characterization factor for a particular stream,
these can be entered in the Simulation Stream Data file above.
Aspen Pinch can calculate properties directly from these. In such
a case, a Physical Property Set ID for that particular stream is
not then required.
2. Leave the Editing Simulation Stream Data window open. View the Physical
Property Sets data by selecting Data and Physical Property Sets from the
menu bar. The Editing Physical Property Sets window appears:
This file tells Aspen Pinch where to find the physical properties for each
property set. Your file will already have an entry in line 2, telling Aspen
Pinch where to find total enthalpy data.
3. Add to this table the identifiers for each of the physical property tables you
will specify. In the example above, Physical Property Set SVR1 has tabular
liquid viscosity data with label TLVIS2, tabular liquid density data with label
TLDENS1, tabular liquid thermal conductivity data with label TLTHC1, and
tabular surface tension data with label TSUR1. These data entries are
required for a liquid stream in a detailed heat exchanger.
If the stream also contains some vapor, similar entries are required in the
rows beginning with letter V. Vapor fraction data is also required (line 3).
4. Enter tabular data into the various property data files, using the labels you
set for each property in step 3.

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To enter property data, with the simulation window active, select Data and
Tabular Properties from the menu bar. The following menu appears:
From the full list of properties that appears, select the property you want to
enter. An Editing Property Table appears:

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More details about entering tabular properties can be found in the next
section.
5. Enter your property data into the table, using the labels you specified in
step 3. There is a single, separate file for each property. In the case of say
liquid viscosity, you must enter all viscosity values into the table. For more
details on tabular properties, see the next section.
6. Repeat step 5 for each property. The properties required for a stream flowing
through a detailed heat exchanger are enthalpy, viscosity, density, thermal
conductivity and surface tension. If two phases are present, both liquid and
vapor values for these properties are required, together with details on vapor
fraction.
Detailed Physical Property Data

The arrangement of physical property data is explained in Figure 10-2 and in
Specifying Physical Property Sets Data on page 10-33. Physical properties that
can be entered into Aspen Pinch are: total, liquid and vapor enthalpy; heat
transfer coefficient; hydrocarbon, non-hydrocarbon, and steam vapor fraction;
liquid and vapor viscosity; liquid and vapor density; liquid and vapor thermal
conductivity; and surface tension. For a detailed heat exchanger, all of these
properties are required, with the exception of heat transfer coefficient.
You can enter physical property data in either tabular format or equation format.
All physical property data, in either format, should be on a mass basis and in SI
units, that is, Kelvin, J/Kg, Kg / m3 , Pa-sec, W/mK, N/m. If any stream is two-
phase, both liquid and vapor properties must be given, together with values for
vapor fraction.
Detailed physical property data in tabular form can be created when you import
stream data from Aspen Plus directly into Aspen Pinch. See the chapter
Importing and Segmenting Data for more information.
Property Data in Table Format

To create a property data file in which to enter your tabular physical property
data:
1. With the Simulation window active, select Data and Tabular Properties from
the menu bar.
2. Select the property you want from the resulting menu.

For example, in table format, the physical property data for liquid viscosity
looks like this:

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3. Enter a temperature and pressure for each property value you have.
The temperatures and pressure should correspond to the associated stream.
The data for one property across all streams are stored in one file. Hence, in
the previous graphic, we see liquid viscosity data for 2 streams. Different
streams have different TabID names (See Specifying Physical Property Sets
Data on page 10-33).
Property Data in Equation Format

To create a property data file in which to enter your physical property data in
equation format:
1. With the Simulation window active, from the menu bar, select Data and
Equation Constants:

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2. Select the property you want from the resulting menu.

In equation format, the physical property data looks like this:
The unique Equation ID is also present in the Physical Property Sets file (see
Specifying Physical Property Sets Data on page 10-33).
3. Enter the constants that describe the property in the fields given.
Each physical property has the same equation format as shown in the
preceding figure.

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Detailed Block Data

In detailed simulation, Aspen Pinch will calculate equipment sizes and heat
exchanger geometries in some detail, providing you specify that such detailed
information is required. This section shows you the specifications required by
each detailed unit operation. A summary of the detailed block data that might be
specified is given in Figure 10-3.
The feed(s) to and product(s) from each block are identified by stream names, as
explained earlier in the section Simple Heat Exchanger Block.
To access block data files with the Simulation window open, from the menu bar
select Data and Block Data. Select the data file required from the resulting
menu:

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Aspen B-JAC Hetran Exchanger

See Chapter 8 for a complete description of the Aspen B-JAC input form.
Detailed Heat Exchanger

To view or enter detailed heat exchanger information:
Select Detailed Heat Exchanger from the menu above.
An Editing Detailed Hxer Block window appears, in which you can view and edit
your detailed heat exchanger data:
The following table presents additional notes on the Editing Detailed Hxer Block
window:
Lines 2-5 Stream Ids describing the connectivity of the heat exchanger. For more information, see Simple Heat
Exchanger (HXER) Block on page 10-18.
Line 7, HxType If a new design, the exchanger is NEW. In a retrofit, the exchanger could be either NEW or OLD.
Line 8, Rigorous Enter YES for rigorous (heat exchanger design accounted for) or NO for shortcut (details of exchanger
design not considered).
Line 9, TubeCorr Specify either GILMOUR (default) or SHAH (horizontal) method for calculation of tube-side film coefficient.
continued

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Line 11 Specification type. Choose from the following:

SHELTEMP Specify shell side outlet temperature. The HxType in line 7 must be NEW.
TUBETEMP Specify tube side outlet temperature. This option is not valid if the exchanger is either a
heater or cooler. The HxType in line 7 must be NEW.
SIMULAT Perform a rating calculation for the exiting heat exchanger. If you choose this option, the
HxType in line 7 must be OLD. Also, in rating mode you must enter all exchanger
geometry.
HEATDUTY Specify exchanger duty. The HxType in line 7 must be NEW.
Line 13, Area Surface area to be used if Rigorous = NO. (line 8).
Lines 14-16 Enter a value based on your SpecType in line 11. If you specified HEATDUTY, use positive duty when heat
is added to shell side; use negative duty when heat is removed from shell side
Line 18, ShelType Pick the TEMA shell type for the exchanger, from E, F, X, K.
Line 31, FTMin The minimum allowable temperature difference correction factor. The default value is 0.85.
Line 35, DefTube If the default values for tube inside and outside diameters and tube pitch distance are to be used in design,
select YES. The default values are selected by Aspen Pinch, based on the properties and flow of fluid, and
on the maximum allowable tube side pressure drop.
If the default values are not to be used, select NO. If you specify NO, you must enter tube values to be used
by Aspen Pinch in lines 58 (TubeID), 59 (TubeOD) and 66 (Tpitch).
Line 36, DefPatt If the default value for tube pattern is to be used in design, select YES. The default value is selected by
Aspen Pinch, based on the properties and flow of fluid, and on the maximum allowable shell side pressure
drop.
If the default tube pattern is not to be used, select NO. If you specify NO, you must enter the tube pattern to
be used by Aspen Pinch in line 63 (Pattern).
Line 37, AdjBafTy If the default value for baffle type is to be used in design, select YES. The default value is selected by Aspen
Pinch, based on the properties and flow of fluid, and on the maximum allowable shell side pressure drop. If
the default baffle type is not to be used, select NO. If you specify NO, you must enter the baffle type to be
used by Aspen Pinch in line 44 (BafType).
Line 38, AdjNTPas If the default value for number of tube passes is to be used in design, select YES. The default value is
selected by Aspen Pinch, based on the properties and flow of fluid, and on the maximum allowable pressure
drops. If the default number of tube passes is not to be used, select NO. If you specify NO, you must enter
the number of tube passes to be used by Aspen Pinch in line 21, (NTPass).
Line 44, BafType Baffle type. Select from CONVEN - conventional segmental, NOTUBE - Crossflow with no tubes in cut,
TRIPLE - triple segmental baffle, CLOVER — cloverleaf or orifice baffles.
Line 77, CorrType Cost correlation type. Choose one from:
USER User-supplied cost law. See lines 80-92 (Recommended)
FIXED Aspen Pinch in-built fixed tube exchanger cost law
FLOAT Aspen Pinch in-built floating head exchanger cost law
KETTLE Aspen Pinch in-built kettle reboiler exchanger cost law
UBEND Aspen Pinch in-built U-bend exchanger cost law
Line 80, CostID If you specified USER in line 77, you should either enter a CostID here, or enter cost equation into lines 81 to
92. If you enter a CostID here, it must correspond with a CostID in the Detailed Exchanger Cost Data files.
See Specifying Equipment Cost Data.
Lines 81-92 If you specified USER in line 77, you should either enter cost data here, or enter a CostID in line 80.

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The detailed heat exchanger models can be run either in rating mode or design
mode:
Rating Mode — In rating mode, you provide detailed geometrical information

about the heat exchanger, such as tube diameters, baffle spacing, and so on.
Aspen Pinch calculates heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop, and overall
exchanger performance.
To run in rating mode, you should have specified:

• HxType = OLD
• Rigorous = YES
• SpecType = SIMULAT
• All exchanger geometry
Design Mode — In design mode, you specify the desired operating conditions
such as duty or shell/tube side outlet temperature, and Aspen Pinch calculates
heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop and exchanger geometry. To run in
design mode, you should have specified:
• HxType = NEW
• Rigorous = YES
• SpecType = one of SHELTEMP, TUBETEMP or HEATDUTY
• A value to match your selected SpecType
• Design Mode control parameters = YES (lines 35 to 38). If you set any of
these parameters equal to NO, you should list the design parameter
values you wish to use later in the detailed heat exchanger form.
• Maximum shell inside diameter
• Maximum shell-side pressure drop
• Shell side fouling resistance
• Maximum tube length
• Maximum tube-side pressure drop
• Tube side fouling resistance
• Tube wall thermal conductivity
Furnace/ Fired Heater

Aspen Pinch contains separate models for a furnace and a fired heater. The data
required for each model is very similar. Both have one inlet and one outlet
process stream. With the simulation window active, the furnace/fired heater
block files can be viewed by selecting from the menu bar, Data, Block Data and
either Furnace or Fired Heater.

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Here is an example of a furnace block:
The following table provides some additional notes on the Editing Furnace (and
fired heater) window:
Line 4, SpecType Specification type. Choose the variable you want to specify from:
HEATDUTY Heat duty
DELTAT Temperature increase across furnace/fired heater
TSPEC Furnace/Fired heater outlet temperature
Lines 6-8 Enter the value in one of these fields to correspond to your specification type in line 4.
Line 9, UtilID The utility ID of the fuel used in the furnace/fired heater. This ID points to a Utility ID in the UTILITY file.
Acceptable utility types are coal, gas and oil.
Line 10, CstCorr Furnace/fired heater cost correlation. Enter one from the following list::
Furnace Cost Correlations: USER User-supplied cost law. See lines 16-28
(Recommended)
PROCESS Aspen Pinch in-built process furnace cost law
PYROLY Aspen Pinch in-built pyrolysis furnace cost law
REFORMER Aspen Pinch in-built reformer furnace cost law
Fired Heater Cost Correlations: USER User supplied cost law, See lines 15-28
(Recommended)
CYLIND Aspen Pinch in-built cylindrical fired heater cost law
DOWTHRM Aspen Pinch in-built Dowtherm fired heater cost law
Line 13, Material Select material from CARBSTL (carbon steel), CHROME, STAINLESS.
Line 16, CostID Cost law to be used to cost furnace/fired heater. Enter this ID or fill out the cost equation data in lines 17 to
28. This CostID should match a cost law ID in the Furnace Cost Data or Fired Heater Cost Data files. See
Specifying Equipment Cost Data on page 10-31.
Lines 17-28 Cost equation information for the furnace/fired heater. Fill out these lines if you are not specifying a CostID
in line 16.

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Air Cooler
An air cooler has one inlet process stream and one outlet process stream. With
the simulation window active, the air cooler block file can be viewed by selecting
Data, Block Data and Air Cooler from the menu bar:
The following table provides some additional notes on the Editing Air Cooler
window:
Line 4, SpecType Specification type. Choose the variable you want to specify from:
HEATDUTY Heat duty
DELTAT Temperature decrease across air cooler (positive number)
TSPEC Air cooler outlet temperature
Lines 6-8 Enter the value in one of these fields to correspond to your specification type in line 4.
Line 14, UtilID The utility ID of the electricity used to drive the air cooler fan. This ID points to an electricity ID in the UTILITY
file. This is needed to establish an operating cost for the air cooler.
Line 15, CstCorr Air cooler cost correlation. Enter one from the following list:
USER User supplied cost law, See lines 20-36 (Recommended)
BUILTIN Aspen Pinch in-built air cooler cost law
Line 17, Material Select material from carbon steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, aluminum, copper and monel. To
view the full material selection, click the right mouse button over the field and from the resulting menu, select
List.
Line 20, CostID Cost law to be used to cost air cooler. Enter this ID or fill out the cost equation data in lines 21 to 36. This
CostID should match a cost law ID in the Air Cooler Cost Data files. See Specifying Equipment Cost Data on
page 10-31.
Lines 21-36 Cost equation information for the air cooler. Fill out these lines if you are not specifying a CostID in line 20.

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Pump
A pump has one inlet and one outlet stream. With the simulation window active,
the pump block file can be viewed by selecting Data, Block Data and Pump from
the menu bar:
The following table provides some additional notes on the Editing Pump Blocks
window:
Line 4, Ptype Specification type. Choose the variable you want to specify from:
DELTAP Pressure increase across pump
POUT Discharge pressure
PRATIO Outlet to inlet pressure ratio
Lines 6-8 Enter the value in one of these fields to correspond to your specification type in line 4
Lines 9-26 Similar material and cost information.

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Compressor
A compressor has one inlet and one outlet stream. With the simulation window
active, the compressor block file can be viewed by selecting Data, Block Data and
Compressor from the menu bar:
The following table provides some additional notes on the Editing Compressor
Block window:
Line 4, Ptype Specification type. Choose the variable you want to specify from:
DELTAP Pressure increase across compressor
POUT Discharge pressure
PRATIO Outlet to inlet pressure ratio
Lines 6-8 Enter the value in one of these fields to correspond to your specification type in line 4
Line 12, UtilID The utility ID of the electricity, steam or fuel utility used by the compressor driver. This ID points to an electricity,
steam or fuel ID in the UTILITY file. This is needed to establish an operating cost for the compressor.
Line 16, CCstCorr Compressor Cost Correlation. Choose one from:
USER User supplied cost law, See lines 20-32 (Recommended)
CENTRIF Aspen Pinch in-built centrifugal compressor cost law
RECIPRO Aspen Pinch in-built reciprocating compressor cost law
Lines 18-32 Material and cost information for the compressor.
Lines 33-47 Material and cost information for the driver.

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Valve
A valve has one inlet and one outlet stream. With the simulation window active,
the valve block file can be viewed by selecting Data, Block Data and Valve from
the menu bar:
Aspen Pinch does not calculate the capital cost of a valve block.
Flash
A flash block separates one feed stream into one vapor and one liquid product.
With the simulation window active, the flash block file can be viewed by selecting
Data, Block Data and Flash from the menu bar:

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Aspen Pinch does not calculate the capital cost of a flash block.
The following table provides additional notes on the Editing Flash Block window:
Line 5, Mode Flash calculation mode. Choose one method from:

QP Adiabatic flash based on supplied duty and pressure
TP Isothermal flash based on supplied temperature and pressure
Lines 7-10 Enter the value in one of these fields to correspond to your calculation mode entered in line 5
Decanter/Desalter
A decanter block separates one feed stream into one product without water, and
a pure water product. You can use a decanter block to approximate the
performance of a desalter. The temperature and pressure of the two products is
assumed to be the same as the feed.
Aspen Pinch does not calculate the capital cost of a decanter block.
Stream Relation
Aspen Pinch uses a stream relation block to manipulate the conditions of a
stream. It can be used to change the flow, temperature, and pressure in a stream.
This is useful if you want to account for other unit operations not covered by
Aspen Pinch’s block models.

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With the simulation window active, you can view the stream relation block file by
selecting Data, Block Data and Stream Relation from the menu bar:
Aspen Pinch does not calculate a capital cost for a stream relation block.

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The following table provides additional notes on the Editing Stream relation
block:
Line 5, Ftype Flow relation method. Choose one method from:

RELA Adjust flow based on ratio outlet/inlet . Enter the flow ratio value in line 7 RelF.
DIFF Adjust flow based on difference. Enter the flow difference in line 8, DifF.
ABS Adjust flow to an absolute value. Enter the absolute value for flow in line 9, AbsF.
NONE Make no adjustment to flow.
Line 11, TType Temperature relation method. Choose one method from:
RELA Adjust temperature based on ratio outlet/inlet . Enter the temperature ratio value in line 13 RelT.
DIFF Adjust temperature based on difference. Enter the temperature difference in line 14, DifT.
ABS Adjust temperature to an absolute value. Enter the absolute value for temperature in line 15,
AbsT.
NONE Make no adjustment to temperature.
Line 17, PType Pressure relation method. Choose one method from:
RELA Adjust pressure based on ratio outlet/inlet . Enter the pressure ratio value in line 19,RelP.
DIFF Adjust pressure based on difference. Enter the pressure difference in line 20, DifP.
ABS Adjust pressure to an absolute value. Enter the absolute value for pressure in line 21, AbsP.
NONE Make no adjustment to pressure.
Component Splitter
Aspen Pinch uses a component splitter block to separate one stream into two
products. Its main purpose is to remove one or more pseudo components, such as
noncondensables, from a feed. You specify the fraction of each component which
is rejected into the second product. The temperatures and pressures of both
products are assumed to be the same as the feed.
With the simulation window active, you can view the component splitter block
file by selecting Data, Block Data and Component Splitter from the menu bar:

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Aspen Pinch does not calculate a capital cost for a component splitter block.
Detailed HEN Simulation: Rating

In rating mode you provide detailed geometrical information about the heat
exchanger, such as tube diameters, baffle spacing, and so on. Aspen Pinch
calculates heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop, and overall exchanger
performance.
To simulate your network in rating mode:
1. Complete the specification of the equipment in your network. Your network

will comprise some detailed heat exchangers. It may also include some other
Aspen Pinch block models.
The recommended way to create a network for detailed simulation that
includes detailed heat exchanger blocks is:
Develop your design in Aspen Pinch’s Network Design feature. Specify any
Aspen B-JAC heat exchangers there.
Use Aspen Pinch to automatically transfer any simple heat exchangers in the
network into a form that Aspen Pinch needs for simulation.
Run the simple simulation successfully.
If not already done, convert the resulting simple heat exchanger blocks into
detailed heat exchanger blocks.
This procedure applies to Aspen Pinch's detailed heat exchanger model and is
described in detail earlier in this chapter. Make sure that any additional
blocks you put into the network or which replace simple heat exchangers have
correct connecting stream identifiers.

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Also, make sure that your detailed heat exchangers have the following data
variables which are required for network evaluation in rating mode:
• HxType = OLD
• Rigorous = YES
• SpecType = SIMULAT
• All exchanger geometry (tube diameters, tube pitch, baffle type, etc)
2. Complete specifications for utility, equipment cost, and economic data.
3. Complete the physical property data, as outlined in Specifying Physical

Property Sets Data on page 10-33. The physical property data required to
model a detailed heat exchanger are: enthalpy; viscosity; density; thermal
conductivity; surface tension. If two-phase flow is present, vapor fraction and
vapor and liquid properties are also required.
Physical property data can also be transferred from Aspen Plus to Aspen
Pinch. See the chapter Importing and Segmenting Data.
4. Ensure that Aspen Pinch’s simulation feature is activated. If not, click the
Simulation button of the Common toolbar:
A blank window appears labeled Simulation.
Select the blocks to be included in the detailed rating simulation by selecting

Simulation and Simulation Blocks from the menu bar.
The Editing Blocks to Simulate window appears:
In the Editing Blocks to Simulate window, select each block you want to include
in your simulation by setting SELECT = YES. If you have a simple model and a
detailed model for the same heat exchanger, set one of the SELECT values to
YES and the other to NO.
Close the Editing Blocks to Simulate window. Aspen Pinch will ask you whether
you wish to save your selections. Click the YES box in response.
Run your simulation by selecting Network and Simulate from the menu bar.

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Aspen Pinch calculates conditions in the network. After calculations are

completed, the Simulation window label changes to Simulation Report, and
the results of the simulation are displayed. If Simulation errors occur, a
separate error window appears. See the section Errors and Diagnostics on
page 10-66.
Review the results of your simulation in the Simulation window.
In addition to a Unit Operation Block and a Cost and Size Section, the report
contains a Stream Information section and a Heat Exchanger Specifications
Sheets section. These summarize the physical properties for each stream, and
summarize the details of each heat exchanger, from exchanger geometry to
pressure drops and thermal performance.
You have completed a detailed rating simulation in Aspen Pinch.
Detailed HEN Simulation: Design

In design mode, you specify the desired operating conditions such as duty or
shell/tube side outlet temperature. From this data, Aspen Pinch calculates heat
transfer coefficients, pressure drop, and exchanger geometry.
To simulate your network in design mode, follow the steps outlined in Detailed
HEN Simulation: Rating. Make sure in Step 1 that your detailed heat exchangers
have the following data for Design Mode:
• HxType = NEW
• Rigorous = YES
• SpecType = one of SHELTEMP, TUBETEMP or HEATDUTY
• A value to match your selected SpecType
• Design Mode control parameters = YES. If you set any of these
parameters equal to NO, you should list the values you wish to use later
in the detailed heat exchanger form.
• Maximum shell inside diameter
• Maximum shell-side pressure drop
• Shell side fouling resistance
• Maximum tube length
• Maximum tube-side pressure drop
• Tube side fouling resistance
• Tube wall thermal conductivity

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Simple HEN Optimization

Aspen Pinch allows you to optimize your heat exchanger network. The most
common objective of using Aspen Pinch's optimization feature is to minimize
total annualized cost of a heat exchanger network. In optimization, you set
variables and design specifications. Aspen Pinch manipulates the variables to
meet the specifications. The number of variables you set must be greater than
the number of specifications.
Do not confuse HEN optimization with the targeting optimization described in

the chapter Targeting for a New Process. Targeting optimization calculates
optimum heat recovery based on targets without any network design. HEN
optimization calculates the optimum based on a fixed network configuration and
minimizes its cost based on capital and energy costs.

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Before You Start a Simple HEN Optimization

Before you start a simple HEN optimization, you should specify HEN, utility
data, exchanger cost data, economic data, and physical property sets data, as
described in Before You Start a Simple HEN Simulation on page 10-8. For
optimization, some additional convergence, variable and specification data is also
required, as outlined in Figure 10-5.
Convergence Data
Single file which lists for each
convergenc block:
Group of Variables 2 block ID,
Single file which lists all variables Group of variables ID ,
in variable
Group ofgroup 1:
Variables 1 Group of specifications ID ,
Groupfile
Single of which
variables
listsID
all, variables run mode (simulation/optimization/
Variable ID 1group 1:
in variable Design)
Variable ID 2 ID No. 1 , Group of Specifications 2
Group of variables
Variable ID 3 ID 1 Single file which lists all specifications
Variable
etc in variable
Group of group 1:
Specification 1
Variable ID 2
Group
Single fileofwhich
variables
lists ID
all,specifications
Variable ID 3
Variable ID 1 group 1:
in specification
etc
GroupVariable ID 2
of Specifications ID No. 1 ,
Variable ID 3
Specification ID 1
etc
Specification ID 2
Specification ID 3
etc
List of Variables
Variable ID 1,Block or Stream name, variable name List of Specifications

Variable ID 2,Block or Stream name, variable name
Variable ID 3,Block or Stream name, variable name Specification ID 1 ,Block or Stream name, Specification name
etc Specification ID 2 ,Block or Stream name, Specification name
Specification ID 3 ,Block or Stream name, Specification name
etc
Figure 10-5. Arrangement of Aspen Pinch’s Simulation/Optimization Run Data

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Optimization Variables and Specifications

Before you can optimize a HEN, you must specify the variables that Aspen Pinch
should manipulate in the optimization to achieve the optimization objective. As
the following table indicates, variables can be associated with both unit operation
blocks and streams:
Examples of block variables: Approach temperature

Heat Duty
Overall heat transfer coefficient
Shell side (process) outlet temperature
Shell side pressure drop
Exchanger heat transfer area
Tube side pressure drop
Examples of stream variables: Flow
Temperature
Pressure
For optimization, it is recommended that you set block variables rather than
stream variables.

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Consider this example HEN:
If you want to minimize the cost of this network, the hot outlet temperatures of
each process heat exchanger could be set as variables. The split flows through
each branch on stream COLD1 could also be varied. These would be the variables
that you would set and that Aspen Pinch would manipulate to try to minimize
HEN cost.
Note For optimization, the number of variables you set should always
be greater than the number of specifications.

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Optimization Specifications
You must also set specifications for your optimization. As indicated in the table
below, specifications can be associated with both streams and unit operation
blocks:
Examples of block specifications: Approach temperature

Heat Duty
Overall heat transfer coefficient
Shell side (process) outlet temperature
Shell side pressure drop
Exchanger heat transfer area
Tube side pressure drop
Examples of stream specifications: Flow
Temperature
Pressure
Referring to the optimization of the HEN in the sample network design grid, the
outlet temperatures of each process heat exchanger and the split flows have been
set as variables. However, the target temperature of each stream still has to be
satisfied. To ensure that such target temperatures are met, specifications are
required. Aspen Pinch specifications are split into two categories:
Implicit specifications: If no variable is specified for a particular block, then the block specification is inferred to be the
specification used in the heat exchanger block data file. For example, in the network example
in this chapter, no variables were specified for the heater and cooler blocks. Hence, Aspen
Pinch implies design specifications equal to the heater and cooler block specifications. For a
utility exchanger, the implied specification is the process-side outlet temperature.
Explicit specifications: Explicit specifications are required whenever a block takes part in optimization, and where
some specification associated with the block still has to be achieved. For example, in the
network example in this chapter, the heat exchanger HX04 has been included in optimization.
However, the outlet temperature of the cold stream running through this exchanger still has to
be 180°, so the stream can achieve its target temperature. Hence, this temperature must be
explicitly set as a specification. Explicit specifications must be entered into Aspen Pinch.
For optimization, the number of variables you set should always be greater than
the number of specifications.

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Performing a Simple Optimization

In a simple optimization, heat exchanger models use surface area, user-supplied
heat transfer coefficients, temperatures, and duty to establish optimized network
conditions. Process streams are described by temperatures and duty. No detailed
heat exchanger design information or detailed stream physical property
information is required.
As you go through the following procedure, it will be useful to keep referring to

Figure 10-5, which shows the relationship between the various Aspen Pinch data
files required for optimization, and also to the network presented in the network
design grid.
To perform a simple optimization:
1. Specify your HEN, Utility data, exchanger cost data, economic data and
physical property sets data, as described in Before You Start a Simple HEN
Simulation.
2. Perform a simple simulation, to make sure that you have correctly specified
you network.
3. Determine the network variables. For example, consider the network

presented above in Optimization Variables. The variables for an optimization
on this network would be the shell-side outlet temperatures of each process
exchanger and the split flow fractions in the split on stream COLD1.
4. Determine the explicit specifications. In the sample network presented earlier

in Optimization Variables, only one explicit specification is required — the
temperature of the stream leaving exchanger HX04 (exchanger HX04 is
involved in the optimization, so it needs a specification to ensure that the cold
side temperature is achieved). All other stream target temperatures can be
achieved using heaters and coolers, which are implied specifications.
5. Enter the definition and bounds for each variable. With the simulation
window active, from the menu bar select Data, Specifications/Variables and
Variable Definitions. An Editing Simulation Variables window appears:

Version 10.2
Heat
Exchanger
Network
Simulation and
Optimization
The window above corresponds to the sample HEN in the network design
grid. Each variable must have a unique identifier (VaryID).
If the variable is a block variable, enter the associated block name and
variable name. Choose the block variable name from the following list:
• TAPP — Approach temperature
• HEATDUTY — Heat duty
• UVALUE — Overall heat transfer coefficient
• SHELTEMP — Shell side (process) outlet temperature
• SHELDP — Shell side pressure drop
• AREA — Exchanger heat transfer area
• TUBEDP — Tube side pressure drop
If the variable is a stream variable, enter the stream name in the Stream
field and enter an index in the SVindex field from the following list:
• 1 — Flow rate
• 2 — Temperature
• 3 — Pressure
Finally, for each variable, set lower and upper bounds in SI units (Kelvin,
Pascals, Watts, W m2 K , kg/s). The bounds should be set at practical and
feasible bounds that are wide enough to cover likely optimal results, but that
are not so narrow that they would preclude some attractive network options.
6. Enter the simulation variable list data.

This data allows all variables to be grouped together. Different variable lists
can be created for each different optimization you might perform, perhaps to
meet different optimization objectives. With the Simulation window active,
from the menu bar, select Data, Specifications/Variables and Variable Lists.
The Editing Simulation Variable List window appears:
This window corresponds to the sample HEN in this chapter. Enter a unique
variable group ID in line 1, and then the list of variables you want included in
this variable group below it.

Version 10.2
Chapter 10
7. Enter the definition and bounds for each specification. From the menu bar
and with the Simulation window active, select Data, Specifications/Variables
and Specification Definition. The Editing Simulation Specifications window
appears:
Again, the window above corresponds to the sample HEN in the network
design grid. For each specification, specify a unique identifier (SpecID).
If you want to set a block specification, enter the associated block name and
specification name in lines 3 and 4. Choose the block specification name from
the following list:
• TAPP — Approach temperature
• HEATDUTY — Heat duty
• UVALUE — Overall heat transfer coefficient
• SHELTEMP — Shell side (process) outlet temperature
• SHELDP — Shell side pressure drop
• AREA — Exchanger heat transfer area
• TUBEDP — Tube side pressure drop
If you want to set a stream specification, name the associated stream and
enter a stream variable type ID and index in lines 6, 7, and 10, as described
in the comments in the right column of the window.
For each specification, set the corresponding value in SI units (Kelvin,
Pascals, Watts, W m2 K , kg/s).

Version 10.2
Heat
Exchanger
Network
Simulation and
Optimization
Finally, in line 17 of the Editing Simulation Specifications window, specify

whether the value given in line 16 is a maximum value for the specification
(MAX), the exact value required (EQUAL), or a minimum value for the
specification (MIN).
8. Specify how you want to group the specifications together. Aspen Pinch
allows you to group together different design specifications. Having different
groups allows different sets of specifications to be applied to the optimization,
depending on the objective of your optimization (you may want to minimize
total cost, or minimize only capital costs. From the menu bar and with the
Simulation window active, select Data, Specifications/Variables and
Specification Lists. An Editing Simulation Spec List window appears:
design grid. Enter a unique specification group ID in line 1, and then the list
of specifications in that group below it.
Enter convergence data and the variable and specification groups to use. From
the menu bar and with the Simulation window active, select Data,
Specifications/Variables and Convergence Data. The Editing Convergence Data
window appears:
design grid.Enter a unique identifier in line 1 (BlkID). In lines 2 and 3, enter
the IDs for the groups of variables and specifications to be applied in your
optimization. Finally, specify OPTIMIZ in line 4.
The other lines in this window control the number of calculations and
tolerances. These should be left at their default values.

Version 10.2
Chapter 10
Select the blocks to be included in your optimization. With the Simulation

window active, from the menu bar, select Simulation and Simulation Blocks. The
Editing Blocks to Simulate window appears:
The window above corresponds to the sample HEN. One of the blocks listed
will be your convergence block (line 3 in this window). It should be selected
with SELECT=YES.
Run the optimization. From the menu bar, select Simulation and Run
Simulation.
Aspen Pinch performs the optimization calculations. Once these are
completed, the Simulation window title changes to Simulation Report.
9. Review your results in the Simulation report window. Should simulation

errors occur, a separate error window appears. See Errors and Diagnostics.
Detailed HEN Optimization

In a detailed optimization, detailed heat exchanger models are used which
include the geometrical features of the exchangers, such as tube diameters and
baffle spacings. Detailed stream physical property information is also required,
including physical properties such as viscosity and density over the full
temperature range of the stream.

Version 10.2
Heat
Exchanger
Network
Simulation and
Optimization
To perform a detailed HEN optimization, follow the instructions given in

Performing a Simple Optimization on page 10-59. You need to use detailed
exchanger models for your heat exchanger blocks, but all the principles from this
chapter apply.
Simulation to Meet a Design Specification

You can use Aspen Pinch’s simulation feature to also satisfy design
specifications, where you want to change the value of one variable to meet a
certain specification. For example, you could set up a simulation where a stream
flow could be varied to meet a certain temperature specification on the outlet of a
heat exchanger. To meet such design specifications, the number of variables must
equal the number of specifications.
To set up a simulation to achieve a design specification, follow the steps in simple

optimization.You will likely only have one variable and one specification. In your
Simulation Specifications file, you should set the value of the specification. In the
Convergence Data, set the run mode to be Simulation. Complete the simulation
as if it were a simple optimization.

Version 10.2
Chapter 10
Performing Simulation, Optimization and

Design Runs for a Single Network
Aspen Pinch allows you to keep simulation, optimization, and design data for a
single network in the same Aspen Pinch case. For example, your convergence
data file may look as follows, containing a design convergence block, a simulation
convergence block, and even an optimization convergence block.
This data is stored in Aspen Pinch. However, different types of simulation/

optimization runs cannot all be processed at the same time. You should select
only one of these each time you do a simulation or optimization. Use the Editing
Select blocks window to select only one of the simulation/optimization blocks, as
follows:

Version 10.2
Heat
Exchanger
Network
Simulation and
Optimization
Errors and Diagnostics

If your simulation or optimization does not calculate correctly, a new simulation
history window automatically appears to tell you the problem that has been
encountered. If your simulation does converge successfully, this simulation
history window won't appear automatically. However, you can view it by
selecting from the menu bar Simulation and Diagnostics. The following is a list of
some of the error messages you may see, and recommendations on how to fix the
errors:
Error Message Hints
Line Search Failure Perturbation factor from numerical derivatives is too high. Reduce
the Pertfac value in the Convergence Data file. Generally, Pertfac
should be at least 1.0E-06.
Stream XX is product from YY and other blocks Check your block connectivities, in the Editing Blocks to Simulate
file.
Missing or Duplicate PPSet XXX Check your PPSet data labels in the Simulation Stream Data and
PHYSICAL Property Sets file.
Utility Stream XX is not defined Check utility and block data files

Version 10.2
Chapter 10
Setting Diagnostic Levels

You can set the amount of diagnostic information that is presented in the
simulation history window, as follows:
1. With the Simulation window open, from the menu bar select Data,
Specifications/Variables and Diagnostic Levels. An Editing Simulation Diag
Levels window appears:
2. In the BlkID field, enter one of the following:

The block identifier The diagnostic levels will only apply to the identified block
The keyword 'GLOBAL' The diagnostic levels will apply to the whole simulation
The keyword 'CVG' The diagnostic levels will only apply to the convergence searches
3. In the BlkLev and StrmLev fields, enter a number from 0 to 9. 0 will result in
very little diagnostic information being created. 9 will result in a full report of
diagnostic information being created.
4. In the Basic, Input and Results fields, enter 1, if you want Aspen Pinch to
produce diagnostic reports of basic information, input information and
results.

Version 10.2
Heat
Exchanger
Network
Simulation and
Optimization

Version 10.2
component splitter 10-50
compressor 10-46
decanter 10-48
desalter 10-48
detailed heat exchanger 10-40
fired heater 10-42
flash 10-47
flow splitter 10-22
Index
furnace 10-42
mixer 10-21
pump 10-45
simple heat exchanger 10-18
stream relation 10-48
valve 10-47
A C
Air preheat 9-16 Capital cost annualization 2-30
Alpha values in retrofit targeting 5-1,5-3 Case
Annualization of capital costs 2-30 discard changes to 1-7
Area-energy plot 5-1 save Data 1-7
Aspen B-JAC requirements 7-7 Case specific units 2-5
Aspen Plus Case trees 1-5
importing data from 4-2 Cases
importing heating/cooling curves 4-9 child 1-5,1-7
importing network from 4-9 copying data between 2-38
importing properties from 4-9 creating 2-4
selecting file to import 4-3 creating description 2-11
Auto Optimization report 3-25 data 1-7
Autosave 7-48 defined 1-4
deleting 2-39
discarding 1-9
B moving data between 2-37
parent 1-5,1-7
Base directory project 1-4
selecting 2-34 renaming 2-39
setting 2-2 saving 1-9
B-JAC selecting an existing case 2-36
application type 7-11 Child case 1-5,1-7
constraints 7-14 Combustion air 9-16
execution 7-16 Common Data toolbar 3-2
options 7-15 Composite curves
process conditions 7-9 balanced 3-3
requirements 7-7 exergy 3-5
results file 7-10 grand 3-17
sample results 7-17 introduction 3-1
shell specifications 7-12 pinches in 3-4
specifying the type 7-8 shifted temperature 3-4
tube specifications 7-13 viewing 3-3
Block data Coordinate values in plots 3-7
air cooler 10-44 Cost data for heat exchanger 2-28
Aspen Pinch User Guide 1

Version 10.2
CP table 7-33,7-47 gas turbine model 9-12
Creating refrigeration system 9-63
case description 2-11 steam turbine 9-12
cases 2-4 Economic Method 2-29,2-30
projects 2-1 Edit toolbar 2-31
stream data 2-11,2-22,10-14 Editing
target data 2-10 existing data 2-37
units 2-8 heat exchangers 7-20
Cross-Pinch Heat Transfer report 7-50 target data 2-10
Energy management and audit, total site targeting
6-1
D Energy savings plot 5-6
Exergy 3-5
data
Exergy grand composite curve 3-18
converting from other Aspen Pinch versions 2-40
Exhaust heat 9-18
updating for use in Windows 2-43
Data
case description 2-11 F
converting from ADVENT 2-40
copying cases 2-38 Features 1-3
creating target 2-10 Fired heater 9-2
DTmin 2-21 Flame temperature 9-2
economic 2-29 Flue gas 9-2
editing 2-37 Furnace model
editing target 2-10 air preheat 9-16
entering energy target 2-9 data required 9-4
heat exchanger cost 2-28 economic data 9-12
inheritance 1-5 example 9-3
moving 2-37 overview 9-2
report 2-33 report 9-17
searching 2-33 running in targeting 9-14
selecting a filter 2-9 running standalone 9-13
stream 2-11,2-22,10-14 utility data 9-11
table and record format 2-32 varying stack temperature 9-15
utility 2-16,10-9
verifying 2-33
Data Extraction G
applying previous changes 4-7
Gas turbine model
applying rules 4-5
data required 9-20
options from Aspen Plus 4-5
economic data 9-12
Default sets, changing 2-7
example 9-19
Design toolbars 7-3
overview 9-18
Design tools for network design 7-32
report 9-34
Directories, setting a base directory 2-2
running in targeting 9-33
Dtmin
running standalone 9-32
creating a data file 2-21
stack temperature 9-33
values for total site targeting 6-2
utility data 9-29
Global units 2-5
E Grand composite curve 3-17
Grid lines in plots 3-10
Economic data 2-29 Grid, network design 7-4
furnace model 9-12
2 Aspen Pinch User Guide

Version 10.2
H Heat Exchanger Network
plot tools 7-25
Heat and power models Heat Exchanger Network report 7-49
furnace 9-2 Heat Exchanger report 7-50
gas turbine 9-18 Heat exchangers
overview 9-1 deleting 7-20
refrigeration system 9-52 duty 7-8,7-16,7-17
steam turbine 9-35 Heat integration study 1-1
Heat exchanger Heating/cooling profile 7-36
cost data 2-28 Hide
Heat exchanger network streams and utilities 7-4,7-5
automatic design 7-37
autosave feature 7-48 I
controlling a loop’s shifted duty 7-40
CP table 7-33,7-47 Import
defaults 7-47 from Aspen Plus 4-2
deleting heat exchangers 7-20 from SuperTarget 4-15
design grid 7-4 Inherited data 1-5
design parameters 7-46 Interface 1-6
design tools 7-32 Iteration Log File 8-7
designing 7-2
detailed simulation 10-2
display conventions 7-24 L
display style 7-48
driving force plots 7-33 Loops and Paths
editing heat exchangers 7-20 excluded exchangers 7-44
exchanger placement 7-7 order by duty 7-43
exchanger profiles 7-47 order by number 7-43
heating/cooling profile 7-36 required exchangers 7-44
identify options 7-23 setting parameters 7-43
information display 7-22
match data method 7-17 M
multi-stream exchangers 7-27
network loops 7-38 Match (heat exchanger) 7-7
network path 7-40 Match Constraints
optimization 10-54 in retrofit design 8-6
overview 7-1 Match data method 7-17
plate-fin exchanger 7-30 Minimum temperature difference for heat exchange
printing networks and plots 7-52 2-21
printing reports 7-53
reinitialising 7-21
reports 7-49 N
restarting 7-21
shifted duty 7-42 Network design 7-1
simple simulation 10-2 Network loops 7-38
simulation 10-8 Network paths for heat exchanger network 7-40
specifying exchangers 7-7 Network Pinch 8-1
stream data 7-5 locating 8-8
temperature labels 7-46 report 8-9
tick off method 7-17 New exchangers
viewing stream data table 7-6 adding 8-13

Version 10.2
O exchanger 7-22
network 7-5
Optimization Printing
convergence data 10-62 a targeting report 3-17
detailed 10-63 customizing data reports 2-34
errors 10-66 data reports 2-34
list of specifications 10-62 heat exchanger network reports 7-53
list of variables 10-60 networks 7-52
selecting blocks 10-52,10-63 plots 3-11,7-52
setting specifications 10-61 Projects
setting variables 10-59 cases 1-4
simple 10-59 creating 2-1
specifications 10-58 defined 1-4
variables 10-56 existing 2-34
Optimization range, setting for utilities 3-25
Optimization report 3-25 Q
Optimizing
DTmin/utility loads 3-22 Quitting 1-9
utilities 3-22
utility loads for multiple utilities 3-25
R
P Record format 2-32
Records
Parent case 1-5,1-7 editing 2-32
Payback line 5-6 inserting and deleting 2-32
Physical properties moving between 2-32
data 10-16,10-33,10-36 Refrigeration system model
equation format 10-37 data required 9-55
list 10-36 economic data 9-63
sets 10-34 example 9-54
table format 10-36 overview 9-52
total enthalpy 10-18 report 9-67
Pinches, working with 3-4 running in targeting 9-67
Plate-fin heat exchanger 7-30 running standalone 9-65
Plots Repiping 8-12
background color 3-10 Report
color in 3-10 bookmarks 3-14
coordinate values 3-7 find text 3-13
driving force 7-33 formatting 3-16
energy savings 5-6 go to 3-15
grid lines 3-10 printing 3-17,10-26
identifying streams in 3-7 refresh 3-16
printing 3-11,7-52 simulation 10-22
retrofit targeting 5-5 snapshot 3-16
setting limits on axes 3-11 split 3-16
taking a snapshot of 3-9 tools 3-13,10-23
text in 3-8 Reports
updating views 3-7 Auto Optimization 3-25
viewing 3-8 Cross-Pinch Heat Transfer 7-50
zooming 3-8 Data 2-33
Pop-up menu Furnace 9-17

Version 10.2
Gas Turbine 9-34 saving data 4-14
Heat Exchanger 7-50 Segments, streams 2-16
heat exchanger network 7-53 Sets, defaults 2-7
Heat Exchanger Network 7-49 Shell targeting
Network Design 7-51 FTmin 2-30
Refrigeration System 9-67 maximum area per shell 2-30
Retrofit Targeting 5-7,5-8 X parameter 2-30
Specific Payback 5-7 Shifted duty 7-42
Steam Turbine 9-48 simulation
Targeting 3-12 report 10-23
Total Site 6-8 Simulation
Resequencing 8-10 choosing blocks 10-30
Retrofit Design convergence data 10-55
duty bounds 8-5 copying exchanger data 10-29
losing options 8-4 cost information 10-7
match constraints 8-6 data 10-3
modification options 8-10 design 10-5,10-26,10-42,10-53
network pinch 8-1 design specifications 10-64
solver controls 8-16 detailed 10-2
solver method 8-7 diagnostics 10-67
solver options 8-7 errors 10-66
sorting out infeasibilities 8-17 heat transfer coefficients 10-15
temperature approach 8-4 network information 10-6
Retrofit targeting optimization 10-56
alpha values 5-1,5-3 rating 10-5,10-26,10-42,10-51
area efficiency 5-1 report 10-11,10-22
plots 5-5 report tools 10-23
reports 5-7 run data 10-55
requirements 5-1 selecting blocks 10-13,10-52
starting 5-1 simple 10-2,10-8,10-9
switching units and shells 5-5 stream data 10-14,10-33
Retrofit Targeting stream information 10-4
reports 5-8 utility data 10-9
switching between constant and incremental Source sink profiles 6-3,6-4
alpha 5-5 Specific Payback report 5-7
Retrofit Targeting Info toolbar 5-3 Stack temperature
Retrofit Targeting Views toolbar 5-3 furnace model 9-15
Root directory gas turbine model 9-33
selecting 2-34 Starting 1-5
setting 2-2 Steam turbine model
data required 9-37
economic data 9-12
S example 9-36
overview 9-35
Segmentation 4-9
report 9-48
streams, automatic 4-10
running in targeting 9-47
Segmentation toolbar 4-11
running standalone 9-46
Segmenting streams
utility data 9-45
adding segments 4-13
Stream data
changing accuracy of automatic segmentation 4-14
adding to network design 7-5
deleting segments 4-13
API gravity 10-14
interactive 4-11

Version 10.2
creating 2-11,2-22,10-14 labels 7-46
minimum requirements 2-11,2-22,10-14 stack 9-15,9-33
optional 2-16 Text in plots 3-8
segments 2-16 Tick off method 7-17
simulation 10-14,10-33 Toolbar
UOP characterization 10-14 Case Manager 2-2
viewing 7-6 retrofit 5-3
Stream names targeting 3-2,6-5
from Aspen Plus 4-6 Total Site Common Data toolbar 6-3,6-4
Stream Splitting 8-14 Total Site Place Utility toolbar 6-3,6-4
Stream type utility 2-17 Total Site Source Sink toolbar 6-3,6-4
Streams Total site targeting
adding segments 4-13 cases 6-2,6-3,6-4
automatic segmentation 4-10 DTmin values 6-2
deleting segments 4-13 modifying data 6-7
hide 7-4 overview 6-1
interactive segmentation 4-11 pockets 6-2
mixing 7-27 report 6-8
plotting 3-7 source sink profiles 6-3,6-4
saving segmented data 4-14 starting 6-1
segmentation accuracy 4-14 targeting one case 6-7
segmenting 4-13 utilities 6-6
split flows 7-26 utility system audit 6-1
splitting 7-25 Total Site View toolbar 6-3,6-4
temperature control 7-42 Turbines
SuperTarget gas 9-18
importing data from 4-15 steam 9-35
T U
Table format 2-32 Undo 7-21
Target data Units
creating 2-10 case specific 2-5
editing 2-10 creating 2-8
entering 2-9 customizing 2-7
Targeting default 2-7
activating functions 3-2 global 2-5
composite curves 3-1 project 2-4
exergy grand composite curve 3-18 standard 2-5
grand composite curve 3-17 viewing 2-6
report 3-12 Unix, converting data from 2-40
report tools 3-13 User Pinch toolbar 3-2
shell 2-30 Utilities
Targeting Common toolbar 3-2 connections to other utilities 2-19
Targeting Information toolbar 3-2 creating data for 2-16,10-9
Targeting Operations toolbar 3-2 fixed flow rate 2-20
Targeting Optimization toolbar 3-22 heat and power model connections 2-20
Targeting Place Utility toolbar 3-19 hide 7-4
Targeting View toolbar 3-2 optimizing 3-22
Temperature optional data 2-18
flame 9-2 placing 3-19

Version 10.2
placing for total site targeting 6-6
removing 3-19,3-21
setting duty of 3-21
setting optimization range of 3-25
stream type 2-17
types 2-18
Utility data
furnace model 9-11
gas turbine model 9-29
steam turbine 9-45
Utility duty, changing 3-21
Utility system audit, total site targeting 6-1

Version 10.2
Version 10.2

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Copyright (c) 1984-2000 by Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.

BATCHFRAC and RATEFRAC are trademarks of Koch Engineering Company, Inc.

2 Working with Projects, Cases, and Data

3 Targeting for a New Process

Aspen Pinch User Guide i

4 Importing and Segmenting Data

ii Aspen Pinch User Guide

6 Total Site Targeting

Aspen Pinch User Guide iii

8 Retrofit Design Using Network Pinch

iv Aspen Pinch User Guide

10 Heat Exchanger Network Simulation and Optimization

Aspen Pinch User Guide v

vi Aspen Pinch User Guide

1 Getting Started with

A Typical Heat Integration Study

Aspen Pinch User Guide 1-1

Aspen Plus INTERFACE Aspen Pinch FEATURE

Total Site Targets:

Evaluate Process Modifications GRID DIAGRAM

Evolve HEN Design to

Evaluate the Flexibility

1-2 Aspen Pinch User Guide

A heat integration study consists of the following steps:

1. Obtain data from your process.

2. Establish performance targets for utility consumption, energy costs, and

3. Develop a heat exchanger network design.

4. Check the performance of your heat exchanger network design.

The following section describes these steps.

Establish performance targets The next step in a study is to establish

Aspen Pinch User Guide 1-3

Understanding Projects and Cases

- Stream data - Stream data

1-4 Aspen Pinch User Guide

Case Trees and Inherited Data

Working with the Aspen Pinch Interface

Starting Aspen Pinch

Aspen Pinch User Guide 1-5

The Aspen Pinch startup screen appears.

Understanding the Aspen Pinch Interface

The Main Aspen Pinch Window

1-6 Aspen Pinch User Guide

The Case Manager Window

Directories and Cases

Any case you are working in assumes an open-folder icon: .

Each data file is marked with one of the following symbols:

Inherited and empty file

Aspen Pinch User Guide 1-7

The Help System

Context-sensitive Help is also available within Aspen Pinch.

1-8 Aspen Pinch User Guide

Quitting Aspen Pinch

As you exit Aspen Pinch, a Save/Discard Cases Worked On window appears:

After the save or discard operation, exit Aspen Pinch.

Aspen Pinch User Guide 1-9

1-10 Aspen Pinch User Guide

2 Working with Projects,

Creating a New Project

Aspen Pinch User Guide 2-1

Switching on the Case Manager Toolbar

Setting a New Base Directory