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A Green Paper on Modernising the Professional Qualifications Directive was published by the European Commission (EC) on 22 June 2011. The Directive aims to facilitate the free movement of professionals within the EU, regardless of the Member State in which they acquired their professional qualification. Updating the Directive is one of the twelve projects for 2012 in the Single Market Act, which is a series of measures adopted by the EC to boost the European economy and create jobs. Enhancing the mobility of qualified workers, the Commission believes, will help the economy become more competitive. The aim is to modernise the rules for recognising professional qualifications, through a simpler procedure including a European Professional Card. 1. Recognition of professional qualifications (2009)

13/10/2011

Professional qualifications - Statistical background to the Green Paper

Data source: European Commission

Number of people seeking to work in Member States on the basis of professional qualifications granted in another Member State. Applications per million inhabitants.
Less than 11 From 12 to 54 From 55 to 207 Over 208 No data 4 238 10 184 76 272 78 2 063 7 58 217 55 45 35 12 16 9 9 41 65 40

Luxembourg is the top host country with more than 2 000 applications for recognition of professional qualifications per million inhabitants.

This document provides Members with some statistical background on issues relating to the Green Paper. It is a test product from the Library, comments are welcome.
Author: Giulio Sabbati Contact: giulio.sabbati@europarl.europa.eu Tel: 31305

208

Further information on page 5

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EU 27 population divided by national and foreigners - 2010

Professional qualifications
Data source: Eurostat

2. Population of EU Member States (2010)

Non-EU 4.0% EU non-nationals 2.5%

3. Employment and unemployment rates for EU27 (2010) EU27 employment and unemployment rates by national and foreigners
2010
80% EU non-nationals 70% 60% EU nationals Non-EU

Data source: Eurostat

12.3 million EU citizens (2.5%) live in an EU country different from their own called EU non-nationals.

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

Highest employment rates are for EU non-nationals.

EU nationals 93.5%

0% Employment rates Unemployment rates

4. EU non-nationals in the Member States (2010)

EU million EU citizens in the outside their - 2010 Distribution of the 12.3foreigners population living Member States own Member State Absolute figure and percentage of total population
Absolute figures (left axis) Millions

Data source: Eurostat

3.0
Percentage of total population (right axis)

40% 35% 30%

2.5

2.0

25% 20% 15% 10%

1.5

Luxembourg, Cyprus and Ireland are the top three Member States in terms of percentage of EU non-nationals on their territory.

1.0

0.5

5% 0% LU LV ES FR FI DE BE SE GR HU NL EE SI IE MT RO DK BG CZ UK AT PT SK PL IT CY LT

0.0

Further information on page 5

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Author: Giulio Sabbati

Contact: giulio.sabbati@europarl.europa.eu

Tel: 31305

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5. Graduates by Member State (2009)
Data source: Eurostat

Professional qualifications
6. EU non-national students in tertiary education (2009)
Data source: Eurostat (educ_enrl8, educ_thmob)

Number of graduates in the fields covered by the professional qualifications directive

Health and Welfare Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Italy Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom EU27 EU27 (%) 20 364 3 948 8 959 12 176 121 483 1 259 7 817 : 48 662 93 667 34 976 255 2 019 4 359 : 6 659 379 23 846 5 283 51 962 16 224 31 215 1 359 13 005 8 904 15 899 119 037 661 488 15% Engineering, Science, manufacturing mathematics and and construction computing 10 591 8 596 13 796 5 865 66 192 1 206 6 225 : 50 915 97 763 34 269 249 2 189 7 123 : 5 916 160 9 900 9 482 50 686 15 018 53 774 2 434 9 831 9 257 10 359 60 764 551 930 13% 5 567 2 270 9 081 3 732 67 354 1 020 6 281 : 27 651 66 611 15 965 370 1 265 2 270 : 4 360 268 7 864 5 556 39 321 5 352 13 610 803 5 707 3 401 4 482 85 631 393 068 9%

Distribution by Member State of EU students studying outside their own country

EU foreigner students in tertiary education (ISCED 5-6) - 2009
Thousands

180 160 140 120 100

EU non-national students (left axis) Students studying in another MS (left axis) Students studying in another european country as % of all students (right axis)

40% 35% 30% 25% 20%

Services 1 412 4 473 4 448 1 432 15 450 1 059 2 614 : 24 684 25 395 6 815 424 1 592 1 472 : 5 901 35 6 925 2 026 32 941 4 982 10 464 1 810 4 192 2 523 1 808 9 000 179 474 4%

80 60 40 20 0 UK DK SK NL LV LT MT CY PL GR AT PT FR IT SI FI CZ HU DE RO BG LU ES BE SE EE IE 15% 10% 5% 0%

The UK attracts more EU non-national students than the other countries. Germany has the highest number of students abroad.

1 million new graduates in the fields Engineering etc. and Science, mathematics etc. in 2009.
Author: Giulio Sabbati Contact: giulio.sabbati@europarl.europa.eu Tel: 31305

Further information on page 5 and 6

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7. EU27 employment in employment by occupation - 2010 selected occupations (2010) EU27
Millions

Professional qualifications
Data source: Eurostat
2.5%

Number of foreign languages education Data 8. Foreign languages spoken inknown in tertiary(%) tertiary educationattained (ISCED 5-6) - 2007 source: Eurostat (2007) Percentage
100% 90%
18%

Employment in absolute values (left axis)

5

Employment in percentage (right axis)

2.0%

80%

4 1.5% 3 1.0% 2

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% LV MT LT PT PL AT IT RO DK HU EU27 UK SK CZ ES DE CY BE EE SE SI FI GR BG FR

12%
36% 34%

0.5%

0.0%

Architects, engineers and Health professionals related professionals (except nursing)

Nursing and midwifery professionals

Travel attendants and related workers

8.9 million people are employed in the fields covered by the Professional Qualifications Directive.
Data 9. Services in the EU economy sector source: Eurostat (bop_its_det, nama_nace31_c) Service
Services sector as percentage of GVA

None

1 foreign language

2 foreign languages

3 or more foreign languages

More than half of students in European tertiary education claim to speak two or more foreign languages.
Further information on page 6

66.8%

Export of services on total export

22.5%

Notes
Import of services on total import 21.9%

Country code: Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Bulgaria (BG), Cyprus (CY), Czech Republic (CZ), Denmark (DK), Estonia (EE), Finland (FI), France (FR), Germany (DE), Greece (GR), Hungary (HU), Ireland (IE), Italy (IT), Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg (LU), Malta (MT), Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT), Romania (RO), Slovakia (SK), Slovenia (SI), Spain (ES), Sweden (SE), United Kingdom (UK), European Union (EU27).
30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

0%

10%

20%

: Colons are used for unavailable or extremely unreliable data. Definitions: European Commission (EC), International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO), Member State (MS), Gross Value Added (GVA), Nomenclature generale des Activites economiques dans les Communautes Europeennes (NACE). Extraction date: data has been extracted in August 2011.

The service sector accounted for more than 65% of EU Gross Value Added in 2009.
Author: Giulio Sabbati Contact: giulio.sabbati@europarl.europa.eu

Tel: 31305

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Professional qualifications

Further information
1. Recognition of professional qualifications (2009) The map shows the number of applications in 2009, divided by million inhabitants, for recognition of professional qualifications for the purpose of permanent establishment in the EU Member States. The data come from the European Commissions Regulated professions database. This information is introduced into the database directly by the Member States. All regulated professions covered by the directive are included. These data include all applications, whether these had a positive or a negative decision or are still under examination. In 2009 the most recent and complete set of data there was 63 recognition per million of EU inhabitant. The total number of application for recognition in host country in the whole EU27 was 31 620. 2. Population of EU Member States (2010) This graph shows the population split between EU nationals and non-nationals in the EU27. EU nationals are individuals with EU citizenship living in a Member State of which they have citizenship. Non-nationals are divided into two categories: EU non-nationals and non-EU. The EU non-nationals are EU citizens living in a country of which they do not have citizenship, e.g. an Italian citizen who lives in Belgium. The non-EU are citizens of a country outside the EU - generally known as extra-EU27 countries. The percentages are calculated based on the total EU27 population (501 million citizens). 3. Employment and unemployment rates for EU27 (2010) The graph shows the employment and unemployment rates of persons aged 15-64 years, in the three population categories: EU nationals, EU non-nationals and non-EU.
Author: Giulio Sabbati Contact: giulio.sabbati@europarl.europa.eu Tel: 31305

Employment rates represent employed persons as a percentage of the total population in that age group. Unemployment rates represent unemployed persons as a percentage of the active population. 4. EU non-nationals in the Member States (2010) This graph shows the number of EU non-nationals living in each Member State in 2010 (left-hand axis) and the percentage of the total population they represent in each (right-hand axis). The countries are ordered by number of EU non-nationals. For example in Germany there are more than 2.5 million non-German citizens, which represent less than 5% of the total population. 5. Graduates by Member State (2009) The table shows the number of graduates of tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 and 6) in selected fields those relevant to the Professional Qualifications Directive in the Member States in 2009. The fields shown, Health and welfare, together with Engineering, manufacturing and construction, Science, mathematics and computing and Services represent together more than 40% of 2009 graduates. 6. EU non-national students in tertiary education (2009) Numbers of EU non-national students in tertiary education (defined as level 5 and 6 in the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)) for the year 2009, the most recent available, are shown in this graph. It shows three dimensions: the left-hand axis portrays the number of EU non-national students in each Member State (blue bar) and the number of students from that country going abroad to study (orange bar). The righthand axis presents the percentage of students from each Member State studying in another European country as a percentage of all students. The UK, for instance, hosts more than 160 000 EU non-national students, while just over 11 000 British students go to another Member State to study. Less than 1% of British students study in another European country.
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7. EU27 employment in selected occupations (2010) The graph is the number of people employed in selected occupation for the year 2010 in the EU27. The selected occupations - corresponding to those covered by the Professional Qualifications Directive are categories 214, 222, 223 and 511 in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO, 1988 version). The left axis gives absolute values, while the right axis shows what percentage that value represents in total EU27 employment. For instance in 2010 almost 5 million are employed in the category architects, engineers etc., which represents 2.2% of total employment. 8. Foreign languages spoken in tertiary education (2007) The graph shows the number of foreign languages spoken by students in tertiary education. This set of data is based on self-reporting by students. (No data are available for Ireland, Luxembourg and Netherlands; France and Malta are provisional values and; for the UK, data for two and three languages or more are not available.)

Professional qualifications
This graph shows that at EU level 12% of tertiary level students speak only their native language, 36% declare that they speak one foreign language, 34% two foreign languages and 18% of the tertiary student population speaks three or more foreign languages. 9. Services in the EU economy This graph includes three indicators on the service sector in the EU economy. The first shows the contribution of the sector to the EU economy, as a percentage of Gross Value Added at basic prices (GVA). The GVA is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer, industry or sector. Services are generally referred to as economic activities covered by Sections G to K and M to O of NACE. The second and third indicators are the export/import of services as a share of total exports/imports within the EU. This share is the value of export/import of services between the EU27 Member States divided by the sum of the value of exports/imports of goods and services between Member States. This is generally called intra-EU27 trade.

Author: Giulio Sabbati

Contact: giulio.sabbati@europarl.europa.eu

Tel: 31305

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This document provides a general statistical overview: Members requiring more detailed statistical information or a more in-depth analysis are welcome to contact the Library. Disclaimer and Copyright: This document is a summary of published information and does not necessarily represent the views of the author or the European Parliament. The document is exclusively addressed to the Members and staff of the European Parliament for their parliamentary work. Links to information sources within this document may be inaccessible from locations outside the European Parliament network. Copyright European Parliament, 2011. All rights reserved. http://www.library.ep.ec Image: Image Cyril Hou, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com