Chapter 11 Outline

Millennium Assembly o UN in 9/2000 o Largest gathering of world leaders in history o We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century Became basis for Millennium Declaration MDGs Millennium Development Goals o Excerpted from Millennium Declaration o Eight goals and eighteen targets Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other disease, ensure environmental sustainability, develop a global partnership for development 9/11 o According to Sachs, to blame for taking the focus off of the MDGs o To fight terrorism, we will need to fight poverty and deprivation as well. Need to bolster the worlds immune system by attacking the root causes, not through a purely military (Medicinal) approach Argues that financial controls and direct military actions against al-Qaeda were a necessary response, but hardly sufficient FDR outlined Freedom from want as part of the four freedoms to defend in the fight against facism Accords o Doha Declaration Doha, Qatar in 11/2001 Placed emphasis on reform of the trading system in order to meet the needs of the poorest countries o Monterrey Consensus Monterrey, Mexico in 3/2002 Dedicated to providing the financial means for economic progress Official development assistance (ODA) necessary to shore up infrastructure and human capital in poorer countries; only after then will private investment become attractive ODA the largest source of financing for many African states, least developed countries, small island developing states and landlocked developing countries Urged all developed countries to devote 0.7% of GNP to foreign aid (As opposed to the level of 0.2% at the time)

Millenium Change Account - $10 billion/3 years o World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002 Follow up to the Rio Earth Summit United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) o Basis for negotiating Kyoto Protocol Bush, having refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, skipped the meeting During the conference, the United States (Back home) began soliciting support for the Iraq War End of two-track approach to fighting terrorism Iraq War o As of the time this book was written, the war cost $5 billion/month compared to $1 billion/year in 2005 for the Millennium Change Account Total costs: $130 billion/18 months, 1000+ US lives lost, thousands of civilians dead in Iraq, a devastation of US credibility around the globe All amplified by the lack of a second track of foreign policy Sachs work on how to lead the world in [fulfilling] the hopes of the new millennium o Broke down work on UN Millennium Project into ten tasks with approximately 25 members each (Major thinkers, practitioners, policy experts and other stakeholders) UN experts group composed of representatives of the leading specialized US agencies WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization, UNICEF, UN Environment Program, etc. Intended to link deliberations of the tasks and actual, on-the-ground work of the UN around the world Engaged UN country groups (Groups of UN experts) for several developing countries o Columbias Earth Institute Links Columbias science departments to tackle interconnected challenges of climate, environmental management, conservation, public health and economic development Built on five clusters: earth sciences, ecology and conservation, environmental engineering, public health and economics and public policy Sachs became director, left teaching at Harvard Links practical, real-world solutions to resolving the problems at hand Pioneering the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in rural Ethiopia to monitor, predict, and respond to malaria epidemics Using specially programmed cell phones in remote rural Rwanda to provide real-time health data to the Ministry of Health Introducing new agroforestry techniques to triple food crops in the nitrogen-depleted soils of Africa

Designing new efficient and low-cost battery devices to power lightbulbs in villages too poor and remote to join a power grid in the near future Demonstrating how high-tech forecasting of El Nio fluctuations can be put to use in impoverished countries in the timing of crop planting and harvesting, the management of water reservoirs and fisheries, and in other ways Applying state-of-the-art hydrology, geochemistry, and public health to devise solutions to the crisis of arsenic poisoning in Bangladeshs water supply.