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3, 2011
Convective Heat Transfer Analysis of Gas Turbine Blades Using Finite Element Method
Matta.Anil Kumar1, D.Venkata Rao2,P.Ramesh Babu3,R.Umamaheswara rao4
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMRIT, Srikakulam, AP, India rameshbabu.p@gmrit.org Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMRIT, Srikakulam, AP, India umamaheswararao.r@gmrit.org
Abstract
The analysis of Stress values that are produced while the turbine is running are the key factors of study while designing the gas turbines. A gas turbine Rotating system is loaded with time by the changes in stress levels as a result of start up and shut down procedures. Hot section blades typically fail because of creep, oxidation, low cycle fatigue and High cycle fatigue. Therefore this report has primarily focused on heat transfer characteristics, centrifugal and thermal stresses in the blade. The maximum stresses obtained from different analysis by using innovative high heat resistant material N155 are found to be within the yield strength of the material. Results are obtained interms of thermal stresses,Vonmisses stress are compared with high heat resistant material INCONEL 718.Inspite of all operating conditions the blade with material INCONEL 718 is expected to perform well .The object is to improve the life and efficiency of future generation of engines. Key words: Axial flow gas turbine, Centrifugal Forces, Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients, FEM.
1. Introduction
The purpose of turbine technology are to extract the maximum quantity of energy from the working fluid to convert it into useful work with maximum efficiency by means of a plant having maximum reliability, minimum cost, minimum supervision and minimum starting time. The gas turbine obtains its power by utilizing the energy of burnt gases and the air which is at high temperature and pressure by expanding through the several rings of fixed and moving blades to get a high pressure of order 4 to 10 bar of working fluid which is essential for expansion. The pressure and Speed required at the inlet is very high so a centrifugal or axial compressor is required at the inlet. The turbine drives the compressor so it is coupled to the turbine shaft. If after compression the working fluid were to be expanded in a turbine, then assuming that there were no losses in either component, the power developed by the turbine can be increased by increasing the volume of working fluid at constant pressure or alternatively increasing the pressure at constant volume. Either of these may be done by adding heat so that the temperature of the working fluid is increased after compression. To get a higher temperature of the working fluid a combustion chamber is required where combustion of air and fuel takes place giving temperature rise to the working fluid.
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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No.3, 2011 The Finite Element Method [1] has now become a very important tool of engineering analysis. In the modern technological environment the conventional methodology of design cannot compete with the modern trends of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) techniques. The constant search for new innovative design packages have been developed by software professional and technologist.
2. Nomenclature
P Far Fc Ft E I U W Ux Uy [K] N E T C1 C2 A1 K M Re Nu Pr Load Axial force Centrifugal force Tangential force Coefficient of thermal expansion Youngs Modulus Moment Of Inertia Internal strain Energy External work done Displacement along X-direction Displacement along Y-direction Poissons ratio Stress Stiffness matrix RPM of turbine Strain Torque transmitted by shaft Approach Velocity Theoretical exit velocity Absolute air velocity Thermal conductivity Total mass of rotor blade Reynolds Number Nusselt number Prandtl number
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TABLE1. Mechanical properties of materials N155 and INCONEL718 at 839.5310C Property Unit N155 at 839.5310C
143 550 310 20 5.45 435 8249
INCONEL718 at839.5310C
170.6 1067 890 19.73 14.76 586.2 8220
E K Cp
3.1.4 Temperature gradient The blades are heated by primary flow of gases .The temperature of the combustion gas at nozzle entry is fixed at 839.5310C.Since the turbine used here is impulse type ,most of the temperature drop takes place within the nozzle is around 735.1620C
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5. Structural Analysis
Assumptions 1. The material is completely elastic at the stress distribution induced by the centrifugal and thermal effects. 2. Stress is directly proportional to strain. 3. All the variables of material properties are symmetric about the axes.
For the thermal analysis for both the materials INCONEL and N155 comparatively deformation is less.
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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No.3, 2011 6.1.3Modal Analysis
From the observations we see that the Modal Analysis of Turbine Blades using material N155 varies from 0 to 0.013793,for INCONEL varies from 0 to .003879and maximum deformation of blade at Frequencies 20.122 to 102.58 for materials N155 and INCONEL is 0.013793 and 0.003879mm so from the above the material INCONEL performs well .
7. Conclusions
The results and conclusions are presented for a study concerning the durability problems experienced with gas turbine engines. The investigation encompassed the design and failure history of hot gas path components in the engines. The maximum operational Vonmises Stresses are within the yield strength of the material but the deformation is comparatively better for material INCONEL 718. The present study has conducted detailed heat transfer analysis on the blade using different materials. This study has primarily focused on the centrifugal and thermal stresses arising in the blade for two materials. From the results obtained it is noted that the values are in tolerance limit for material INCONEL 718
8. References
[1] S.S.Rao The Finite Element method in Engineering, BH Publications, New Delhi, 3rd Edition,pp.166555,1999. [2] O.C.Zeinkiewicz The Finite Element method in Engineering Science, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition,pp312515,1992. [3] Jean-Claude Sabonnadiere and Jean-Louis Coulomb Finite Element method in CAD, North Oxford University,1982.
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