RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, FARIDABAD STUDY MATERIAL CLASS XI TOPIC-Rural-development

Q1. What do you understand by the term Rural-development? What are the key issues of Rural-Development? Ans-Rural development can be defined as an action plan for the social and economic upliftment of the rural areas. This action plan focuses on two types of challengesLINGERING CHALLANGES EMERGING CHALLENGES 1.Rural-credit 1.Options of sustainable livelihood 2.Rural-marketing 2.Organic farming II.KEY ISSUES OF ACTION PLAN FOR RURAL-DEVELOPMENT1 .DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE-This includesa. Facility of rural credit b. Development of Rural-market c. Development of means of transport d. Availability of power e. Means of irrigation f. Agricultural research 2. HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATIONa. Facility of education b. Facility of Healthcare c. Facility of On- the-job training

3. DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES-It means enhancing employment opportunities particularly in areas other than farming (such as cottage industries.) 4.POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES 5.LAND REFORMS-It includesa. Abolition of intermediaries b.Consolidation of holdings c.Land ceilings The basic objective of the Rural-Development plan is to bring overall development of the village. III.CREDIT-Credit (money) is needed by farmers for three reasons1. Most of the farmers belong to small and marginal category. They produce just enough for subsistence. 2. They seldom generate surplus for further investment. 3. Gestation period between sowing and harvesting is quite long. The farmers need credit for the following purposesSHORT TERM CREDIT 1.It is needed for purchasing inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides LONG TERM CREDIT 1. It is needed for the purchase of additional land for carrying permanent improvement measures on existing land. 2. These loans are raised 2. These loans are raised 2.The period of such for a period ranging for a period of 12 loans ranges from 5-20 from 6-12 months. months to 5 years. years. IV.SOURCES OF RURAL CREDITRural- credit can be classified into two major categoriesA.NON-INSTITUTIONAL SOURCES-Landlords, money-lenders and village traders are three important sources of non-institutional rural areas. MEDIUM TERM CREDIT 1.It is needed for purchasing machinery, constructing fences and digging wells

B.INSTITUTIONAL SOURCES-They includea. Government. b. Co-operative societies .c. Commercial Banks. a. Co-operative Credit Societies-They provide adequate loans to farmers at reasonable rate of interest. They guide farmers for diverse agricultural operations. Their share in the rural credit flow is 30%. b. State Bank of India and Commercial Banks-The banks were nationalized in 1969 with an objective to cater to the needs of rural- economy. They opened branches in the rural areas in order to offer direct credit to the farmers. c. Regional Rural Banks- were established to provide adequate credit facilities at cheaper rate in the remote rural areas as well as backward districts.Thes banks operate at district level at district level and fulfil needs of weaker sections. d. NABARD-National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development1It is an apex institution in the field of rural credit. 2. It is the highest funding agency for the institutions for providing credit in rural areas. 3. It takes measures to improve the credit delivery system in India. 4. It co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all credit institutions in India. Q-What is organic farming? Why do we need organic farming? Ans-Organic farming is broadly a system of farming that relies upon the use of organic inputs for cultivation. It is a system of farming that focuses on maintaining soil health, so that farming becomes a long period sustainable process along with an eco-friendly environment. ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FARMING1. 2. 3. 4. 5. It discards the use of non-renewable. It is environment friendly. It sustains soil fertility. It provides healthier and tastier food. It involves inexpensive technology for small and marginal farmers.

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