April 08

--- 1 --v- 2008
-- j---
vo:
- *aC O?
y-E- ?
1. Enquiry, Inquiry
-?
2. Bidding invitation
u---?
3. Matrimony, wedding , propitious -auspicious u
?
4. Awesome, spanking, kick-ass, slap-up, rattling, classic
excellent
-Fo
-E
u----?
5. -- - Tx- appellation ceremony denomination function a?
6. Betrothal, engagement -?
7. Reception ovation a?
8. That's non of your business N?
9. -j thanks G - it's ok
welcome . F D E-
mention not E No. DEo -s
--T--a?
10. N-i time *--p AM PM
? morning
the 9 O' clock, evening six
O' clock
E a?
Fo
,
o N-J .
Propitious = ---i ( v-o N-E) (J-n- N)
a) The time is not propitious for the start of a

new business
Auspicious =
---h (-)
d v-G-*-x v--.
Auspicious C *--V, h-
-C-*C
Propitious - ----E/
-
J- n--
-C-*C.
4. Kick - ass p N--Fo
excellent synonyms
6.
. betrothal, old fashioned, p- --. Engagement - C.

7. . Reception - y--E,
N-- C*-C. Ovation v, G-,
v~- px
d, p,
-x--- 440 -, h, v-
-?
.- , C--
Enquiry - British, Inquiry -
Boarding House -
p, p G-v-Eo
L-T--C Impressive n.
, spanking, rattling, slap-up ---F nouns ,
-J .
a) It's a rattling good movie.
b) He treated us to a slap-up dinner
c) The car sped off at a spanking pace spanking
8.
M.SURESAN
u -E
---
.
2. . Bid vo, , , 5. . Christering (v-E) -a.
j E--- h- -D-E correct , church chris (u tender/ contract tians ---- -E n. Naming ceremony
N-). , bid, invite N synonyms a.
-v-o:
b) He often smiles at her. She doesn't like it =
J y-. C
1. It, it's - -J-* -N- ---.
d -.
2. Passive voice - by -- preposition -
It's = It is - C u Spoken English
--Eox to - -h-C. To -p-p- - form. -N- It is ---E ---, it's h--- ---- ---.
h.
3. 'Enough' -- a-- usage - --.
2. -N .
-4. 1. --t- 2. -v---
3. Enough = \ - = L3. ---- 4. -Lp-
/ L-Eo.
5. -v--
6. -
a) I haven't enough money to buy a car = Car
7. u---u--
8. - 9. -
- L- s -_ .
- ---- --Tx- -- ---.
b) He packed enough clothes for his weekend
-.-->, --- journey = - v--E --Lq--Eo
---:
-h- l--o--.
1. It = C/-C u p x-- 4. 1) Self respect; 2) Couple;
-o N- -J-* p--p --.
3) Love and attachment; 4) Fictitious;
a) Your pen is on the table. It has been there
since yesterday =
pen table
O C.
6) Unprecedent/ rare;
8) Generation;
9) Almanac.
-v- o:
-v-o:
1.
- --- -F-x -h-o. -- -F-x -d-L.

2. G -\- --C?-G-- F--x-o-?
3. - --v -- - --J-C. -u-- --Tx-- -- --L?
-p-, --u-
---:
1. We are getting water through our tap. I should

draw water.
2.
5) Tradition;
7) Greenery;
G j English . Pail (bucket)

-a. - - .
Where is the pail? Is there water in the pail?

3) I found a stone. It looks like/ appears to be a
gem.
Er. Naveen Kumar, Er.B.Vaikuntam

(nouns)
Er
-
-- -Jh
-uh- x --
--N-? -Y- x -- - --
---T---a? -D-E -n --N-?
--A, --u, ---
---:
Doctor
Engineer
, Dr , -u- ---
x Er E -o. Engineers --x-, x
x - -a. C
accepted abbreviation ,
Dr (Doctor) .
11.
himsentence
I am very happy, having met
him/ Having met him, I am
very happy
correct = I
am happy to have met him.
1. a) I am very happy to have

met him.
b) I am very happy being
met him.

u N?
2. i) No matter, ii) in no time
N?
3. i)Being an educated,
ii) Having been educated
4.
F--t -.
n f N , A- f
N.
Lunchonette = (simple meal)
f *o-- -- C American p - .
Road House = High ways main road \
N. C- old fashioned.
p- - .
Canteen - C --? factories, schools,
colleges -- -. p n- (canteen p) -
oN Restaurant, eatery and snackbar.
9. Mention not/ No mention cor.

rect
-v-o:
O u N?
t ... -..
DEo Tx pL?
5. Which would you rather be?
DE n N?
6. The flowers smell sweet
He looks cold
He worked hard
Subject + verb + adj or
adverb
adjectives
adverbs
Et- *
o -
N-?
N-?
.X-E---, d
1. a) I am very happy to have

met him = I am very
happy that I met him
(some time ago) on some
past occasion) -
--E
---o- ()
- o.
b) I am very happy being met
2. i) No matter =
x
, private
houses -J
--C
v ,
----o- .
Buffet = Railway stations/ trains/ bus stations
z- } C
OC h-o-p L {y.
C F---/ C F C-*C . x y -a.
DE N -- L. Spoken
English AM/ PM . Morning/ Evening
.
Fo spoken language \
- oN. Dress, Clothes, Clothing
v. Costume - \ ----
10.
American.
F
Eo-- -* -C --\ C.
h- . N -Fo vC,
u. Get up C h -o
y appearance --C. Rigout
J* (u).
12. a. F felicitation \- t-E-
n C- u.
Spoken English .
13. Bistro- (American) *o tea stall
C. ( n )
That's non of your business
13. Bistro, Roadhouse, Boarding house,

Lunchonette, Snackbar, Buffet, Canteen
=C ---i .
--i-
b) At the auspicious moment, he declared the

building open =
-?
12. Congratulations felicitation a?
1.
3. Matrimony = Wedding = Marriage

synonyms.
lessons
marriage
wedding
11. Raiment, attire, apparel,

vestures,
habiliments,
clobber, garments, get-up, rigout, costume,
dress, clothing
Invite
educated person she is

respected =
---o- x, N-h-.
ii) Having been educated =
---o x ()
-i--p-
a) No matter what you say, I

can't believe you =
yo , Eo t.
b) No matter where he is the

police will not leave him =
---\--o --M-
----E ---.
ii) In no time = -A--- ,
\---.
a) If only you have the money,
you can buy the car in no
time =
F s
F, -?
b) Fans gathered in no time to

see their favourite star =
G- G-- ~
N.
c) If you are ready, we can go
there in no time =
y
l , \-
Rx--a.
3. i) Being an educated (person)/ Being educated =
--o--x /
x
a) Being educated/ Being an
Having been educated in

England, he speaks English
like the English - England
----/ ---
x, --Tx- x,
English x--.
4. Come on, let's have it out/
come if you dare.
5. Which would you rather be?
y N --E
\ d--?
a) What would you rather be a
hero or a fan of a hero? =
N --E \ d
F hero , hero G-E-?
6. The flowers smell sweet, he

looks cold - sweet and cold adjectives.
He works hard - hard adverb.
Sweet and cold
N-
E O sentences
adjectives Nh.
(Sweetly, coldly- adverbs)
Hardadverb.
(Hardly -
vN* C
n,
E)
Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
- 3 --v- 2008
-- j---
vo:
b) In five years from now, he will have been

practising a doctor =
doctor
practice
practice
continue
p-o* -x
h-.
-i p--
--C.
2) Kindly E n ? --J-j-
u---y- j ---p ,
please .
1. Please tell me 'Future

perfect continuous tense'
in telugu meaning. Give
one (or) two examples
2. What is difference of
'kindly and respect' .
3. Resume (or) Bio-data
4.
please/ kindly let me have your address =

address
- write, - play. words

verbs . E nouns p,
L? --T-L?
G.-\, u
y.
. Kindly, Jj respect
*a j -- . kindly
n -y- o.
Respect =
3. Resume and Biodata: Not much different.
1) Future perfect continuous -
Resume- Details like your address, Date of

birth, age, qualification from the highest to
the least, previous service and experience,
N-u-
-E v-i
-- C - action ,
future perfect continuous tense .
a) I shall have been attending a class by
this time tomorrow =
class
attend
Attend
-- v-i, --
- continue C.
v o:
1.He supported
nuclear energy, adding
we have to find new
sources.
2. The three men took a
house for rent claiming to be Ayurvedic doctors.
3. He sat back waiting for noise subsiding.
4. He came out with a loaded remark, telling
them you are doing good job.
-x---
441
first mentioning the present position and

last your earliest job- in this order.
Biodata: Details of your DOB, age, experience and qualifications in a proper order.
Both are submitted when applying for a job.
Most companies now prefer the format of
Resume- Pronounced(British),
(American)size
Vu--
--
,
.
Write- C p verb () .
DEo noun p . (Newspaper,
Magazine - xE u- write-up
. C noun)
Play - verb
(Played - past tense; played - pp)

They play hockey very well.
(x -)
Play (Noun) - 1) 2)
({ x l--Lq *aC.)
b) Kalidasa wrote a number of Plays
(R- - *-)
Listening to the music, he is dancing
j ux underline ing forms

tense N--i action ---
N-J--.
5. To E result h--. ?
6. This is to certify that. -\- to n--- L----.
-.-K-, ---v
: '...'ing' form EE / ho/
h, n . C present, past
or future C, C a sentence E verb
d C. .
vo: 1. Has she forgotten all the

help she had had from you?
had, had E -x
--T--? \-J -Th - ? N-J---.
2. Is it your family?
Is that your grand mother?
1. He supported Nuclear energy adding that

to find new
we had (have
sources =
2. The three men took a house for rent claiming to be Ayurvedic doctors=
-y
ju E p- x l Bo. B-o Past, d claiming
past.
3. He sat back waiting for the noise subsidingsubsiding (... ing form)
He sat
... for the noise to subside-
J-.
l-----
-E o.
Had had= Had+past participle of have (had)- Past perpast actions

fect tensepast action
CC.
What is it ?
o that o ' C
n ? -
-sx --T--L?
, x
1. Has she forgotten all the help

she had had from you-
Did she forget?

past action.
(C) --*--

-sx
had had
She had her breakfast and then

went out=
Breakfast
(1st Past
action- had + PP of have (had) )
B-E
. -- ---L
Did she forget all the help she
had had from you? Or
Has she forgotten all the help
she has had from you?
vo: The principal wished the

students all success structures or sentence patterns
Tx
a) Walking down the road, he saw a very tall

man= Road
(Walking- past)
h (-h-) --
_ o uhE .
---RxC.
E J* x--o C E. Eo
-s x It F that F
a.
2) It =
improve
----E,
O -C-* h
?
G.-, h-Lx
o.
?
?
--T-?
. -, \--TJ, j--
1) Home
somebody's home
-u to F, my/ his/ her/ their/

E F . Home --p,
J J* x---o, J x E n.
He is going home (-E J* ho. d
\ E n. To / his home )
She left her pen at home ( pen (x)
x -*-C.
They brought the body home = Eo
B-a.
2) N-J* o. Few = E
n. Few minutes = No minutes. A few = small
number (\ u) C English usage
().
A Guide to patterns
and usage in English by AS
Hornby (Oxford)
Standard
Grammer book
patterns
English

--.
(pre-
h-
result
-L- --.
The coffee is too hot to drink=
-- C
(---C-p to drink \ result
C ? too... to drink= --.)
I was able to finish the work =
E--Jh--- J-TC.
To finish = Jh---
-----C.
result of my ability.
6) This is to certify that ...
N
o-- Jah, N---
(Discussing- \ future)
vo: 1. Will you take me home on your bike o.
5) To
b) I will be in Vijayawada tomorrow, discussing

the topic with my friends=
2. ''The programme will begin in a few minutes''

few minutes plural
'a' article sinfew minutes
singular
gular
(I past action- had + pp of

have- had had).
dance
d.
Did she forget the help she had

had from you? =
J
.
U N
sent)
To +1st RDW (to go, to come, etc)
form, past, verb, came

past
p-
Is that your sister?
it
M.SURESAN
c) Listening to the music,

he is dancing-
o.
O -- *E h-o-,
n---- uu
. \ ...ing
uEo will you take me to home on your bike

L ? O preposition 'to' -T-- N-J---.
F _ *
What is that ?
4. He came out with a

loaded remark telling
them, 'you are doing a
good job'=
\ J-)
h - ---- (-
,) --hE -Jn-.
\ adding= (
p--E Ja ) \
adding- Past , -Jn--, Past d.
(Drama)
a) The play had to be cancelled because of

rain.
n -
L:
That... =
tify =
v L- N, to cerE-E L--, this is = v

C (y--C).
vo: 1. Thank, thankful u N-J-.

2. J- D. DEo Tx- -?
3. / - Tx- - -.
4. Award a x L-- vu ?
5. @N J- D. Tx- -?
. %g-U--b, E--
: 1) Thank you, Thanking you -J u-- p-
C p . Thank him, Thank her - Fo correct.
Thankful (Adjective) v - %-c- p-
--. -s v Thankful to God . Thankful
God x. - x . \ God omit h.
Thank E verb -J-j -a.
2) Light about to go out/ to be snuffed off.
-/ -. (The deceased -a,

E--x n hC, u-x v
)
4) Award a x --L- vui C-.
-n Award giver/ award conferor E -a.
Confer= -A/ -\ v -- ( A conferred the
3) The murdered=
award on B)
5) His life is like a light about to go out/ about to be snuffed out.
vo: qf --E--Jq- -v, -, -G-G, --J-- ---

-C- n-- -p- --Tx- q --, -- --
--Gh- --L----.
..--h, ---vA
: l --xE l h- shop N
--. O -- - companies
h -hC. ---- -y -N-- ----a.
--C 6 --v- 2008
-- j---
Sowrabha: You haven't started yet. Aren't you

going?
(Ny -l--. y x-?)

Narmada: Who says I'm not? I'm just waiting
for the traffic to ease off a bit.
(p-. J p-.
road --Rx I crossing _ -j A. -j x tC. E-- Fo a-o.)
Narmada: OK, then. I'm off.
(. -l--o)
(---o } E.
Traffic Dl _----E ho.)
Look at the following sentences from the

conversation above:
Sowrabha: You won't be starting for another

hour in that case. The peak traffic
hour will last that long at least.
1) I am just waiting for the traffic to ease off a bit
( , -_F y
-l--. F ---
C.)
Narmada: You must know better. I have been
here for hardly for two days and I
thought that it might thin out in just
half an hour. By the way, what's the
name of the street Susmitha lives in
and how do I get there?
(F L-L / y correct
a. E-\--oC J v-V
. -E -- Dl
_---o. C
, t
OC
? \-
--
}?)
2) The peak traffic hour will last that long

3) Named after the great freedom fighter and
first CM of Andhra State
4) I thought that it might thin out in half an hour.
1) Ease off=
_- d/ x T_
T--.
a) It is only after an hour that the rain showed
signs of easing off =
-- y
_- d - E--.
-x---
442
a) The crowd that had collected to see the

street fight thinned out as the police
arrived = police
OC x-
- N-- ----. (-C R}--)
b) Forests are thinning out forcing wild animals into villages and towns =
-
----- x u-%- v,
d--x v-P- p--.
c) As the rain eased up, the crowds that had

gathered at the shops and restaurants
thinned out =
shops,
restaurants
{ _- d-
N-- ---f.
2) Peak hour/ Peak time/ Peak season =
a) Summer is the peak season for the railways =
jy v- \-
N.
b) During the peak season mangoes sold at

Rs 200 a dozen =
T o
- N--x .200
p- --t--u.
c) From 9 to 11 in the morning, and from 5 to

9 in the evening are the peak traffic hours in
any city =
traffic
- l 9 *
11 , v 5 * 9
Dl
\- C.
[Peak ?
y P E uo n/ n E.
it might thin out in an hour
Sowrabha: Not to easy to forget it. It's Tanguturi

Street. Named after the great freedom fighter and first CM of Andhra
State, the late Tanguturi Prakasam.
(C -*-- .
C -J OC. y-vu--,
v Z u-vA ..
-J v d E.)
(The late = Jh---j)
Narmada: (Are) you sure that I can go there
easily?
(\- -- x---E
F t ?)
Sowrabha: Oh, sure. You can't miss the way.
You just go straight down the road,
and turn left at the next crossing.
The third house on the right is
Sushmita's. I would go with you, if I
did not have this work to do.
EXERCISE
Match the expressions under A with their
meanings under B
A
1 Wither
A Try
2 Endeavour
B Lessen
3 Relapse
C Trickle
4 Lighten
D Inform
5 Seep
E Dryup
F Revert
G Add
KEY: 1-E, 2-A, 3-F, 4-B, 5-C.

EXPLANATIONS:
1) Wither = (E) Dryup=
--/ --/
---L--.
Withered flowers =
-- .
Withered leaves = .
a) The plant has withered in the hot sun =
\ --C (E--C)
b) After a bout of typhoid he looks withered =
Typhoid
s-x F--*-x
E--h-o.
(bout = s -/ s--o-)
b) The leader's grip on the party eased off

after its defeat in the elections
3) Name after =
English
common
expression-
=
Kd Eo- x ----y
-- E-O d T_--C.

-J-j
- d.
c) The price situation doesn't seen to ease off

at all in the near future =
O N-u-h J-nA _x
E----.
d) With the departure of all the guests the
pressure on mom has eased off =
A--- R}--- t O Ah
T_--C.
eased off = eased up - ease off
ease up -a.
C Spoken English NE-
expression (Phrasal verb). Practise .
DE _ n o, sentence no 4 thin
out .
Thin out = ---.
c) We water plants to keep them from withering =
-- - \-
Fx h.
d) Our hopes have withered away =
-Fo -T--.
Wither X refresh/ renew/ revive = AJT
y .
The greenery has revived with the recent rain
=
u x a- S} V-C/
a- AJ--*aC.
2) Endeavour = (A) Try = v -Ao-,
vo.
Try/ attempt C h vC.
Pronunciation- -.
a) It shall be the endeavour of every citizen
to serve the country selflessly =
Eyn -E --C vA
v-o L.
b) I will endeavour my best to serve the
country =
-E - --h %
h.
c) His endeavours were all in vain =
v-o-Fo % u.
a) They named the child

after its grandfather=
M.SURESAN
Gf
d.
b) Nellore district will soon be named after

the late Potti Sreeramulu =
x >x y -C-- d
X- d--o.
(The late = C-, Jh--)
c) He named his son after his favourite film
star =
G- E
d--o.
3) Relapse = (F) Revert =
t- .
a) The peak of his playing

career is past =
v u- u-o n -C. (p p --)

b) He is now at the peak of his acting career=
- u-o n
o.]
Peak season ( T/ t- o
) X Lean season ( T/
t E .)
a) The railways propose to reduce fares during the lean season =
T E -x
Kb T_--E jy vA--C-hC.
b) The city bus is the best during lean traffic

hours =
city bus
Dl - op
h.
c) The milk prices go up during the lean procurement time =
- T_
- --.
(Lean n -- oE.)
He is lean and tall = o _
. - -n-- lean x fat.
AJT (y- o)
-n-A / s--N A---d
(-u)
-o s-E R} -E, Lx-v- R}--- C u/

T_-*C.
a) He had a relapse of jaundice and died

because of that =
b) His getting a job, he lightened his father's

burden =
x A---d x E.
b) He relapsed into silence =
x S} Ez-l-i----.
c) After a break of a few months he relapsed
into drugs =
u --x v u
T_----.
c) The tax burden on senior citizens has
been lightened =
Eo N y S} drugs
B-- ---d.
-%-l O o T_C.
(Bv- )
5) Seep = (C) Trickle = d--d E-
--/ -.
d) A few minutes after coming to, she

relapsed into unconscious state =
a) Whenever it rained water seeped through

the ceiling and walls =
L--*a Cl EN-- S} p %
p-C.
{ *a--p-x p, --*
-C/ p -.
Relapse X Progress.
4) Lighten = (B) lessen-
Lighten X Intensify
b) Blood seeped through the bandage =

Bandage
h C.
/ uxN
T_-.
a) By marrying a boy of her choice she lightened her parents' burden of searching
for a groom =
c) Because of defective construction water is

seeping =
Et -x Fx-J
o.
Seep X Dry.
--- 8 --v- 2008
-- j---
vo:
1.
President Ms Prathiba
Patil said here on
Monday that her Govt.
hopes that the agreement becomes possible.
u vA---
Mrs L
Ms NJ---.
2.
Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours obediently,

Yours affectionately, Yours faithfully, Yours
lovingly
-j nEo, -sEo L--
-.
Thanking you, y ( , )
d N-J-.
4. Idioms Phrases -N?
.X-E---,-
---: 1. kx Y E - o Ms . kx Y J dEod Mrs
--a. Ms (miss) --a. Rx E
Y N- miss Jh h. x d-Ed -L---p Ms
lA. kx
y d--x
- d-- di Ms
h. N- B-o
J-
.
2) Letter T- yours truly, yours faithfully expressions subscription
.
Yours truly: J---E uh, Jh h-x formal letters
subscription: Yours truly. sir/ madam/
3.
Letters
dear sir/ dear madam -- -p Yours truly, E .

C American usage \.
Yours faithfully (O Ny-v-j). C
u official letters T- subscription. v-y-C---, j C---, official - superior status o--x
h-x subscription. sir/ madam
E -C letters C . \-J
DE yours truly --,
u American usage .
Yours sincerely L x mr/
mrs/ miss/ X/ X--A -O- x
- --C-*--p, friends -p yours sincerely, E h. American
usage sincerely yours, (n: O t-E v-j)
-x---
h-x subscription. u Eo---j

Lx--v, o--t, \--xx, u--h,
hNv x, yours lovingly/ with
love/ love E h. (Lots of love E
)
o-- h-- Dear friend/
My dear friend --E -v-G-- -J-. My
dear --E friend L. My dear
Nagaraj/ Priyanka; Dearest
Priyanka friends names
443
.
4) Phrase
a group of words without a verb.
In response to your letter
phrase
verb
group of words.
outside the
class hours
Phrase
phrase
Nagaraj/
N O
)
3) Thanking you --E -i letter j -
(O h--E p --, - C
.
n,
E N
nEo d -hC. E h n,
E-E nE -C-*-C C.
Idiom o group of words. Idiom
h n-E, o n-E
. Idiom E N nEo
d Idiom h n -. u a
. eg: The long and
(the) short of - C Idiom.
DE n E.
) C
E
The Mango tastes sweet
vo: 1. v --K 'welcome

boundary'
o NE-hC. DE n--N?
2. B.Ed. Bachelor of
Education,
D.Ed.
Diploma in Education. -
'of'
- 'in'
a?
3. d M d- I
town Police Station -o.
Ist town police station -?
4. The Text Booklet is printed in
found (4) series, viz. A,B,C,D.
viz.
u
Jh ,
n N?
.X-E-, t-\--
---:
Welcome boundary =
boundary
boundary
Welcome news=
y-A---T

-L-T-C.
y-A---T
( ----i h)
Bachelor (B.A., B.Sc)
x y p 'of',
Diploma y p 'in',
usage. DE rule .
(=usage).
\ one town
d E n one town
= - N/ v
(Area) -C-* E.
2 town d- Area
-C-* E. Viz.
Abbreviation for namely = --/ -j. All the former
Telugu actors viz ANR, NTR,
SVR, Savithri, etc = ANR, NTR,
SVR,
NvA
--.
-j
Yours obediently:
students
Teachers/ Headmasters/ Principals
subscription
p
n)
x
-( N--j
Yours affectionately (Yours affectionately

yours lovingly,
p ---.)/
(~/
G-/ v C d-
vo: Tx- x---E Oj-- vocabulary

--- u sentence structure u? Sentence Structures
practise u --
h-? total structure S+V+O .
\-J l u C -bd,
lu object C. -
--E frame -- ? 'Eo v
-*a Ny-*a v--- <- -x
- -- ---d. -
<(s)+ x-(o)+ ---d-(v).
- --u --L? Main rules
L-----.
-.XE---, -Lx (v-->x)
---: 1) English x-L, M
English C-N -
hC. Cp sentence
structures, usage, new words, N use
- O %d * -L.
Reading benefits the prepared rye and
sentence structure
mind.
-
-Eh -L. --
hu mind E auto register
v-- v--o L-hC,
-hC. Prepared mind and eye -: Newton C x
-- -F N -{--h C
\- pJ-*C. C--p sentences -Eh . vocabulary
. Word lists d-d- x . - - - (n
) -hC.
2) Subject of a sentence \ /
phrase (Group of words without a verb)/
clause
-a.
a) The Mango tastes sweet- Subject- Mango

(one word)
J-. Letters
T*, subscrip
p. Thanking you correct letter E
n-. d E
y comma
-- a -matter
tion
M.SURESAN
b) The book explaining the procedure is in

our librarysubject- The book
explaining the procedure =
phrase
(group of words without a verb)
2.
c) The book I was reading yesterday is very

interesting. Subject- The book ... yesterday- clause (group of words with a verb)
3.
' l u, subject , l-u

object -E . Subject, object
Eo L-- u uC. Subject,
object E l--u, O---
u (sentences) . N j -*
N l, l phrases/ clauses v
-. Subject F, objects F -- sentences . Sentence y-
Jh n L. Subject/ Object \
Jh n y.
'Eo v... d.
sentence English:
4.
sentence v-h -E-:

x- (our boy) O----x
object (o) . subject (S) . Got
burnt- C verb (V). Eo ---d? Sari
E d sari, object (o), subject (s) .
The red sari which you gave us yesterobject
day when you come to us (object)
clauses
Spoken English
written English
complicated structure
Clipped sentences
Spoken English
short sentences writreader
strain
ten english
h
B--a. p-C
-.
p-,
\--x
.
\
,
. p
. n ---
u - N?
great = - -u --
p-E. -E- ?Idiom E long ,
short F, ' - n-E-F \
. long, short d idiom n
--. C idiom phrase . idioms (B-/ ) o
. Eg: --a-= NvA B--.
vo: 1. Pronunciation, pronounciation Ox C d?
DE
Our boy while playing got burnt by

chance the red sari you gave us yesterday when you came to us.
The long and (the) short

of his speech is that he is
5.
6.
7.
I deserved it
deserve
expression n N? u
n ?
Advertisement Eo N- pronounce
L? y-j-- y---
?
'Vote of thanks' Idiomatic expression n
N?
Content Eo E - --
-?
'It is been a wonderful experience'. u
tense C?
Enough/ anough Ox C d?
. , x-Lx
---: 1) Pronunciation, Correct.

2) I deserved it = 1)
Deserve=
| C. 2) T
|--.
a) I deserved the prize= Prize | -C.
( -LqC prize)
h J-TC.
b) I did the wrongthing. So I deserved the punishment

=
p . P~ -Lq.
3)
Advertisement Pronunciation: British:

Bird
-y----
', y \ -.
American= y()j - size z -, tise
\ -.
4) Vote of thanks - vote n --v
(formal) %-c L *o v E.
5) h- o N, v
o h- n content - pronounce h (' K D` )
%h o/ -%-h--/ %h--L_ n
- pronounce h, - \ -.
6) It is been a wonderful experience C j sentence . DE j form, It's (It has) been a wonderful experience= C s--i -
y
tense - present perfect ('be' form).
--- 8 --v- 2008
-- j---
vo:
1.
President Ms Prathiba
Patil said here on
Monday that her Govt.
hopes that the agreement becomes possible.
u vA---
Mrs L
Ms NJ---.
2.
Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours obediently,

Yours affectionately, Yours faithfully, Yours
lovingly
-j nEo, -sEo L--
-.
Thanking you, y ( , )
d N-J-.
4. Idioms Phrases -N?
.X-E---,-
---: 1. kx Y E - o Ms . kx Y J dEod Mrs
--a. Ms (miss) --a. Rx E
Y N- miss Jh h. x d-Ed -L---p Ms
lA. kx
y d--x
- d-- di Ms
h. N- B-o
J-
.
2) Letter T- yours truly, yours faithfully expressions subscription
.
Yours truly: J---E uh, Jh h-x formal letters
subscription: Yours truly. sir/ madam/
3.
Letters
dear sir/ dear madam -- -p Yours truly, E .

C American usage \.
Yours faithfully (O Ny-v-j). C
u official letters T- subscription. v-y-C---, j C---, official - superior status o--x
h-x subscription. sir/ madam
E -C letters C . \-J
DE yours truly --,
u American usage .
Yours sincerely L x mr/
mrs/ miss/ X/ X--A -O- x
- --C-*--p, friends -p yours sincerely, E h. American
usage sincerely yours, (n: O t-E v-j)
-x---
h-x subscription. u Eo---j

Lx--v, o--t, \--xx, u--h,
hNv x, yours lovingly/ with
love/ love E h. (Lots of love E
)
o-- h-- Dear friend/
My dear friend --E -v-G-- -J-. My
dear --E friend L. My dear
Nagaraj/ Priyanka; Dearest
Priyanka friends names
443
.
4) Phrase
a group of words without a verb.
In response to your letter
phrase
verb
group of words.
outside the
class hours
Phrase
phrase
Nagaraj/
N O
)
3) Thanking you --E -i letter j -
(O h--E p --, - C
.
n,
E N
nEo d -hC. E h n,
E-E nE -C-*-C C.
Idiom o group of words. Idiom
h n-E, o n-E
. Idiom E N nEo
d Idiom h n -. u a
. eg: The long and
(the) short of - C Idiom.
DE n E.
) C
E
The Mango tastes sweet
vo: 1. v --K 'welcome

boundary'
o NE-hC. DE n--N?
2. B.Ed. Bachelor of
Education,
D.Ed.
Diploma in Education. -
'of'
- 'in'
a?
3. d M d- I
town Police Station -o.
Ist town police station -?
4. The Text Booklet is printed in
found (4) series, viz. A,B,C,D.
viz.
u
Jh ,
n N?
.X-E-, t-\--
---:
Welcome boundary =
boundary
boundary
Welcome news=
y-A---T

-L-T-C.
y-A---T
( ----i h)
Bachelor (B.A., B.Sc)
x y p 'of',
Diploma y p 'in',
usage. DE rule .
(=usage).
\ one town
d E n one town
= - N/ v
(Area) -C-* E.
2 town d- Area
-C-* E. Viz.
Abbreviation for namely = --/ -j. All the former
Telugu actors viz ANR, NTR,
SVR, Savithri, etc = ANR, NTR,
SVR,
NvA
--.
-j
Yours obediently:
students
Teachers/ Headmasters/ Principals
subscription
p
n)
x
-( N--j
Yours affectionately (Yours affectionately

yours lovingly,
p ---.)/
(~/
G-/ v C d-
vo: Tx- x---E Oj-- vocabulary

--- u sentence structure u? Sentence Structures
practise u --
h-? total structure S+V+O .
\-J l u C -bd,
lu object C. -
--E frame -- ? 'Eo v
-*a Ny-*a v--- <- -x
- -- ---d. -
<(s)+ x-(o)+ ---d-(v).
- --u --L? Main rules
L-----.
-.XE---, -Lx (v-->x)
---: 1) English x-L, M
English C-N -
hC. Cp sentence
structures, usage, new words, N use
- O %d * -L.
Reading benefits the prepared rye and
sentence structure
mind.
-
-Eh -L. --
hu mind E auto register
v-- v--o L-hC,
-hC. Prepared mind and eye -: Newton C x
-- -F N -{--h C
\- pJ-*C. C--p sentences -Eh . vocabulary
. Word lists d-d- x . - - - (n
) -hC.
2) Subject of a sentence \ /
phrase (Group of words without a verb)/
clause
-a.
a) The Mango tastes sweet- Subject- Mango

(one word)
J-. Letters
T*, subscrip
p. Thanking you correct letter E
n-. d E
y comma
-- a -matter
tion
M.SURESAN
b) The book explaining the procedure is in

our librarysubject- The book
explaining the procedure =
phrase
(group of words without a verb)
2.
c) The book I was reading yesterday is very

interesting. Subject- The book ... yesterday- clause (group of words with a verb)
3.
' l u, subject , l-u

object -E . Subject, object
Eo L-- u uC. Subject,
object E l--u, O---
u (sentences) . N j -*
N l, l phrases/ clauses v
-. Subject F, objects F -- sentences . Sentence y-
Jh n L. Subject/ Object \
Jh n y.
'Eo v... d.
sentence English:
4.
sentence v-h -E-:

x- (our boy) O----x
object (o) . subject (S) . Got
burnt- C verb (V). Eo ---d? Sari
E d sari, object (o), subject (s) .
The red sari which you gave us yesterobject
day when you come to us (object)
clauses
Spoken English
written English
complicated structure
Clipped sentences
Spoken English
short sentences writreader
strain
ten english
h
B--a. p-C
-.
p-,
\--x
.
\
,
. p
. n ---
u - N?
great = - -u --
p-E. -E- ?Idiom E long ,
short F, ' - n-E-F \
. long, short d idiom n
--. C idiom phrase . idioms (B-/ ) o
. Eg: --a-= NvA B--.
vo: 1. Pronunciation, pronounciation Ox C d?
DE
Our boy while playing got burnt by

chance the red sari you gave us yesterday when you came to us.
The long and (the) short

of his speech is that he is
5.
6.
7.
I deserved it
deserve
expression n N? u
n ?
Advertisement Eo N- pronounce
L? y-j-- y---
?
'Vote of thanks' Idiomatic expression n
N?
Content Eo E - --
-?
'It is been a wonderful experience'. u
tense C?
Enough/ anough Ox C d?
. , x-Lx
---: 1) Pronunciation, Correct.

2) I deserved it = 1)
Deserve=
| C. 2) T
|--.
a) I deserved the prize= Prize | -C.
( -LqC prize)
h J-TC.
b) I did the wrongthing. So I deserved the punishment

=
p . P~ -Lq.
3)
Advertisement Pronunciation: British:

Bird
-y----
', y \ -.
American= y()j - size z -, tise
\ -.
4) Vote of thanks - vote n --v
(formal) %-c L *o v E.
5) h- o N, v
o h- n content - pronounce h (' K D` )
%h o/ -%-h--/ %h--L_ n
- pronounce h, - \ -.
6) It is been a wonderful experience C j sentence . DE j form, It's (It has) been a wonderful experience= C s--i -
y
tense - present perfect ('be' form).
- 10 --v- 2008
-- j---
Subodh: Oh, you are late. You've upset my

whole programme.
(y -u a. programme
- .)
upset= (1) ----oN h-uh -. upset= (2) p--/worry --)
Pranav: I'm sorry. My bike broke down on the
way and it took an hour for me to have
it set right.
(Sorry,
u bike --C.
Eo Sx J-- --dC.)
Subodh: I'm afraid if we go now we'll be breaking in on the meeting of the our boss
and the MD. The boss had told me that
he had an important meeting with the
MD and that at this time we couldn't
meet him alone.
( p R boss, MD
(Managing Director) meeting -L-Th-- --o.
MD u-i meeting E, F
time -J ----E o.)
Pranav: Exactly.
()
Subodh: Is it being wise? May not the culprits

give us trouble?
(L-j C? p--x
O a ?)
culprit= / ---n
Pranav: How will they know?
(x- -hC?)
Subodh: (Are) you sure of that? Then OK.
( t F? .)
Look at the following sentences from the dialogue above.
1) My bike broke down on the way
2) We'll be breaking in on meeting of our boss
and the MD.
3) We shall miss the opportunity of confiding
certain things in him.
-x---
Pranav: So what shall we do now?
( --
p
-L?)
444
(F cell C ? F bike --
N phone --a-?)
a) The pandavas always confided in Lord

Krishna =
agriculture =
Nu-a h - u--Eo sB-C.

Break down n -- E
-- x-Fx d--
When I told her the news she broke down=
a) -N h p- x-Fx d-C,
Eo -.
(-Fo-V ---
u. - - Eo N-
-u p- --Eo p.)
Halfway
people left halfway through the meeting =
Subodh: Are you talking about some one breaking into his office and making away
with important files?
b) As one of the LPG plants broke down

cooking gas is in short supply =
(y-C office
v-P* Eo files -
J?)
vx -- x
- C. Break down
- - - n C.
EXERCISE
Match the words/ expressions under A
with their meanings under B
B
1 Perfume
A Foul smell
2 Stink
B Exactly
(on time)
3 Bawl
C be fond of
4 On the dot
D Throw
5 Have a soft spot for
E Scent
F Silence
G Shout.
3 G, 4 B, 5 C.
Explanations:
J-/ -
a) The jasmine is a flower with the sweetest

perfume =
/ u -{---i -/ J-
y x
b) The pak captain broke

down unable to bear
the defeat =
v-x-N ---/ E-- -/

T----.
a) The bus full of passengers broke down
half way through the level crossing =
1) Perfume = (E) Scent =
Sorry, Sx hx. y E-O--o. F-f--- d .

--u-E Jt - u a
in = -JE Nt, --T- N---u/ - L-TC. 3) confide
N
*
-uFo x p-.
b) The breakdown of power has affected
1) Broke down = past tense of break down =
Pranav: Our seeing him today is very important. If we can't, we shall miss the
opportunity of confiding certain things
in him.
KEY: 1 E, 2 A,
a) The talks between the management and

workers' union has broken down=
My bike br oke down
Subodh: You have your

cell. You could
have called me
and told me of
your bike breaking down.
-- u v-bus - T--C.
through= u, A number of
- u --C Rx--.
LPG
gas
c) you can find a wide range of perfumes in

that store =
M.SURESAN
a) He has no manners. He broke in on us

when we were discussing something =
manners
-
. Ja-- u f--f/ *a -
L-T-.
b) Sorry, I'll come later. You appear to be in

serious work and I don't like to break in on
you =
b) Not having been cleaned for days, the bathroom is stinking =
J -u p-- d
--o-.
Q.
1. A child is crying
question
tag
child
male, female
pronoun
A.
1) A child is crying, isn't it? Child

English
'It'
uEo
-
--E
E -L-
*a-
C?
d T
2. I am a boy u question tag
aren't I E L? u
helping very C --L .
N-J---.
.-- -, x--J
-
--- .
Gf / - a. -E
C English It -C.
2) I am a boy, aren't I?
\ Question tag, aren't I

hC. C (usage). Are
helping verb.
4. On the dot = (B) exactly on time
*a-
-o --E.
- Nh % v J---/ h- y a.
d) There is no mistaking who it is. The perfume
gives her out =
--o-J-\ N- - .
h E --C/
dhC.
p perfume spray -o.
perfume bottle sprayer ( \
OC x p) ---- - perfume -- spray -(--x---x) . -E p perfume
spray E o.
perfume x stink/ stench ()
2) stink (A) = foul smell = y-.
fowl = / -x----i.
V - v ---- o--
-C -Fo --C.
c) His name stinks in this area =
v- - -u----
(--- J-\ x --o-E)
Stink (present) - stank/ (past) - stunk (past
participle)
Stinking
( -o) x fragrance
(- LT o.) Fragrance = - =
perfume
3) Bawl = (G) shout =
-/ ---/
--d, / l .
a) As soon as he came in he bawled at the

secretary for not completing the work =
<a , E -Jh--
O J--.
a) The train arrived at 4.15 on the dot =

Train correct / *a- 4.15 *aC.
( )
b) I'll be here at 5 on the dot/ at 5 sharp =
E-\ *a- 5 - .
(on the dot = sharp = --o --E
*a-)
5) Have a soft spot for = (C) be fond of =
(J x vu G- )
secretary
a) The stink from the rotting carcasses filled

the place =
b) Don't bawl orders at me. I am not your

servant =
x-o - -- *
ho v-- E-C.
rotting = x-o/ --o. carcass
pronunciation - %--
(u l ---N).
O J* c--. F E
--E-E .
b) The perfume of roses filled the room =
-H -- C E--C/ -
CE EC.
Perfume h n C.
J- vu L- v,
--N perfumes.
b) He is too strong minded to confide in any

one =
captain
Level crossing
- E
N J-- pak
x-Fx d-o.
2) Break in on =
Rx \x E
- L-T-.
---p x -uFo %g-

p---x.
c) Your bawling can't threaten me. Cool

down =
Bawl
F - --o C-J-. _.
G_- -/ --s
d n C.
If someone has a soft spot for some one

else=
-J-x --J-j vu--G- op,

(x O -Ey/ x -i h/ x p E--.)
a) Drona had always a soft spot for Arjuna =
v- -b- vu--G-.
b) Most people have a soft spot for their
home town/ home =
--C x yn x vu--G-
C.
Have a soft spot for x be prejudiced
against
(prejudice =
E---i -G-v).
--C- 13 --v- 2008
-- j---
Prahlad: Very difficult to get on with Nishit. No

knowing when he loses his temper.
(Nishit d
. --p
h L-.)
Prasen: So it is. I've experienced it as well.
That's why I am very careful how I talk
to him.
( - uC. x---p v-h

.)
Prahlad: That's quite bad of him. He can't
always expect people to bear his temper. I don't care whether I am friends
with him or not, but the next time I'll
make it clear to him that enough is
enough.
( N- J-. o- vA-K J------

? - o o --
-. J v
ph LE.)
Prasen: Nothing wrong in that, I assure you.
His younger brother Nishal is so
sweet tempered. What a contrast!
( N-
y p-,
-- *a
-o.
t
E--h.
lJ u
!)
Contrast = / ju
Prahlad: Still behaviour matters, you know
( - u ?)
Prasen: Why these observations now?
(p uu-Fo ?)
Prahlad: This morning I called him and asked
him to return my books that I had lent
him a week ago. He flew into a rage
and blasted me over the phone.
(- ---*a
h-- AJT tE .
phone *a--.)
Prasen: Did he return the books?
(h- AJ-T-a?)
Prahlad: He did, of course. He came to me,
threw them on my face and left in a
huff.
(a-. -*a h-
--d Rx--.)
Prasen: That's just like him. (.)
-x---
b) A man of such temper is unfit for teaching

=
teaching
b) If you can bear my mother-in-law's temper. You can bear anything =
a) Ramana lost his temper at his child's

spilling the milk =
y h- Eo J---L-T j
J---.
3) Sweet tempered = t-j/ E y -o (u x N-)
d y -
E---.
1) Lose temper = - p-.
-- -O \-E
*aC.
b) Don't lose your temper. Let's try to understand the situation =
p-/ v---. J-nA-E n .
445
a) She is such a sweet tempered baby =
E y o/ y- x.
b) His sweet temper endears him to all =
tC y E d hC.
endear = d--
4) Fly in to a rage/ a
temper=
o-d
v---.
Don't lose your temper

conversation above:
Prahlad: He has already lost a good number of

friends because of his temper. Why
doesn't he change?
( -- x p- -C
o--- p-. ?)
1) No knowing when he loses his temper.

2) He can't always expect us to bear his temper.
3) His younger brother is so sweet tempered
4) He flew into a rage
sentences
temper
Spoken English
Practice
j
\-
-

.
DEo
Prasen: He can learn from his brother who is so
Eo
.
sweet tempered.
.
(t--h-j tE a-- Temper
= *o *o -- \
a .)
y
. u sudden p
But one thing. For all his bad temper
j .
he is good at heart and quite helpful.
a) That temper of his makes him enemies of all=
( N. d d y- --JE v--
--p- * --o-, hC.
--K.)
EXERCISE
Match the expressions under A with
their meanings under B
A
1. Gossip
A. Stroke
2. Caress
B. Coax
3. Hug
C. Idle talk
4. Cajole
5. Fond
D. Affectionate
E. Embrace
F. Encourage
G. Hate
Key: 1 - C, 2 - A, 3 - E, 4 - B, 5 - D.
1. Gossip= (C) Idle talk (Idle =
Gossip= 1)
J--.
a) I don't want to work with him. Difficult to
bear his temper =
e) She is a gossip. No one believes her

=
a) As he watched the TV, he caressed

the dog in his lap = TV
h,
xE \ E-- o.
%- Gf EN-J-.
(stroke = v L-- %-
E-)
3) Hug = E) Embrace = T-L---
a) The mother hugged her child and lifted it up to kiss it =
Lx Gf T-L-E l-- h-C.
bowl -
T--.
bats-
b) No use flying into a rage/ a temper. Try to

convince me =
*---\ ---.
a-p.
Be in a temper = .
No use talking to him as he is in a temper =
-p o. p
x- - .
N .
Quick/ fiery / violent temper = v----.
L E--. Eo
J-- d .
a) The mother cajoled her son into marrying a girl of her choice =
b) She caressed the child gently =
J Eo
d) All film magazines are full of gossip =
a) He can never make it good in his profession. He spends most of his time
gossiping =

x vu--G- E
2) Bear somebody's temper =
Q. 1.
ing
-a?;
2. Till, Until
meaning h?;
3. E Tx- -?; 4. Nothing doingN-J---.; 5. Lend, borrow, owe, debt - n-N-?; 6. --Eo Tx- -?;
7. Anybody, Anyone - -?
E-x
T-L- K \--x -h.
h
Fo - x 4) Cajole = B) Coax= b-T* -J--j
(E , -n N- j E-----/ Au
p -- E-----.
- --h.)
h x E.
t.
2) Caress = (A) stroke = b-T-
E-.
b) Gossip has it that the boss has a soft

spot for his secretary= Boss
secretary
your temper.
b) Most movies show the hero and heroine hugging too often =
F--F-) = /
- p-/ t--\ x).
(u -- J*, x -
J*) 2) -x---, --
J* o-O--EO p--. 3)
-x--x.
%Ah j .
p - J* - -x
--.
n C ? 'F
Eo --. C
J \x E. \
M.SURESAN
lose = ---)
Don't lose your temper = p- = keep
c) Almost all Indian News channels are

just gossip channels. How much time
they spend on gossip! =
channels
channels.
F vA--Fo ( J vN*,
--J Rx -, hero N B-o N--) -x
E .
Bowler, Batsman
man
( Petrol bunk
C. Don't lose your
temper-Nobody wants it.
a) The
minute
the
bowler bowled him
the batsman flew into
a rage/ a temper =
-E
b-T*/ * x p
*a t-E Rx --x
Lx.
b) He cajoled the boy into agreeing to do

the work =
vE b-T*, E-- p-- .
c) He coaxed information out of him =
E b-T* - -d.
5) Fond = (D) Affectionate = -~-/
v-
a) The scene shows the fond embrace of
the mother and the child =
scene
Mx Gf --/ -~ T-L-- -hC.
b) I have fond memories of my school

school
days =

V J*
B/ d-i -c-o.
fond x averse = N- o
I am averse to the idea = idea
d.
A.
Say, see
form
- G. Balakrishna Reddy, Kandrapadu.

1) Say
, see 'ing' form Eo -s-x

. -EC am/ is/ are + seeing. Am/ is/ are
saying -a. Am/ is/ are seeing. 1) ---
( n ) n -a.
He is seeing the doctor this evening. 2) -J
-- (u vN-) n Am/
is/ are seeing .
The boy and the girl are seeing a lot each other =
x -J ---o
(vN- d) n Am/ is/ are seeing
\ -.
2) Till= until. 3) China/ Porcelaine (china \ -)
4) -/ -p-/ Ox.
5) lend= p-y/ -N-y. borrow= p B--.
owe= p-. (He owes me Rs.1000/- =
1000 ---p-o.) Debt= p. He has
cleared debts = p Ba-.
6) Tonsure = ; Clean shaven -E - -.
7) .
--- 15 --v- 2008
-- j---
v o: 1. I too, I also, I myself
I myself =
I myself am not going. There is
no question therefore of my wife going there =
n-Eo-h?
2. Must be, should be
n-Eo-h? O C
powerful?
3. Die
L--.
4. English Eo verbs
'A' -h?
wake - awake, lone - alone, wait -
await.
- G. Balakrishna Reddy, Kandrapadu.
--: 1. I too= I also. Modern usage
- -x- -. u x -v-o- .
2. Must is more powerful than should.
3. Die (present) - Died (past) - Died (past participle)
4.
Eo verbs A Jh N Adjectives
-. -/ ---/ o/
o-- -n--.
Awake = -E o, alone = -J o
( lone C verb ?)
Wait = await. verbs.
Wait for = await.
\ me too -o. Spoken English

also . E as well .
He is a student, isn't he?
student
-x---
?)
(. )
'Yes. Me as well.'
vo: 1. Home, House - -O- -N--J--.

future forms.
u *a--i N?
v--, N---
--: 1) Home House
-x explain .
lessons .
2) Should, would future from the past,
past * future --.
should old fashioned. p-- --. Would
.
He said that he would help me. (
--h-E o--). -oC
. h--, -op-o*,
future. p, would .
Should present day English orders,
necessity L-- .
2.
Should, would
He should be here at 10.

I should start now or I'll miss the train =
train
(Necessity)
clear
lessons
E-p -l-L
Fo
--
o. .
446
vo: 1) He was coming to me every morning.

2) He came to me every morning.
3) He would come to me every morning.
u n -?
o --C (--)
5) L- ()
6) d-O d LC (LC)
7) DE y ()
8) N d ()
9) Eq \. 10) ~- --.
-O--E --Tx-- -- --- ---.
, -O-- -, -
4)
j sentence . DE vA-W
_-J a- n , was coming
\ j verb . - \
( _- ) - (-- vA-V ) J-T E- .
vo: 1. 'To whom soever it may concern' DE n--N? Usage ---. vo: ty
2.
vo: 1. Walked, asked * ed E --: 1.

't'
a-J---o. Eo -sx
J-- , - N-J---.
2. dignify = 'dIgnI/ fai I , f u
U -.
3. Candidate u-- o.
Dr. S. Lakshminarayan {--K u-
E C. C d?
>.L-", N
He came to me ever y mor ning
--: 1) He was coming to me every morning
= C- \-L... (Order)
If I were a king I could rule the country very well. I
were
-sx h N-J---.
3. Affect, effect O u , usage ---.
4. Letters Thanking you E -- ? Thanking you
structure d ? Thank you E ?
. @, *o--Jh
--: Certificates, Important information, h -- J-* NxN -J - pd L---p, -- L-, h
ox N-- --- l- To whomesoever it may
concern E v-h/ h. DE n C N-x h/
C N , ----J-j E n. -- \ L-
N- -E--E n.
2) C vh -E N. (p) V-j (u vo ), Eo
\ L-h. (V y J-T, C y, Eo \
L--D E). x were/ past forms h. y
N- would/ should/ could/ might L. C N- ---
lessons L .
3) lessons --.
4) Thanking you J-. (O u-- - n
phrase correct, letters --- . J- .)
vo: 1. Fly = , --. verb --:
transitive, intransitive verb
1. Oxford Dictionary
E- v- J* vu-
* dictionaries
-- _ p.
pd N-J2. - u- English pL?
h. h -
--L-T- ..
-.
2. He bent down
t -T-C.
The branch bent down
o AE--hC.
She is feeding somebody.
. XE---, L--
He came to me every
morning =
(p
)
vA-W
_-
a/ a-.
He would come to me/

used to come to me
every morning =
vA
_--a- ( -Vx).
4) The rice is charred.

5) To be cross/ to get cross/ to be in a mood/
a nasty mood.
6) The bird alighted on the tree
7) The tree has put on two flowers (put on flowers)
8) The mango tree has borne two fruit (English
fruit =
= fruit) (bear fruit =
/ . - d / x
d-- )
9) Sharpening the pencil.
vo: As clear as mud = n -- d

E a. Telugu to English {--K
u --. n ----E Telugu to English {-K ?
o, E
--: expressions n
Tx dictionary x x . - - English dictionary , word meanings v
. Usage, Idioms (English) L
Telugu - English dictionary --
-. As clear as mud
expressions, Oxford Advanced Learner's
Dictionary, Longman's dictionary
p --.
dictionary
- - .
Standard English authors books,
novels, standard English magazines, journals
C---p N ---.
E n ---.
10) Eraze/ rub off letters.
(MRO),
(MEO),
(MLA),
how are you),
is it),
(This is)
Ou
yu
K-> (where
(
C
-
C-J --h L ---E, N-N- (-,
, -) --E
. E-?
. -----,
Nu--
--: L ---- rule
O-. abbreviation
N-, x o ~-
L l- v correct
pronounce -Lq
.
--p Eo ---a.
MRO = --- ( -x)
\ C, R British English
,
American English ,
E-O --
-C. This is N-
x---p, C E L
. \ o-
vu *a -----op, This important
. (\ This
vu. Where is it
. Where >?/ | (-) it? etc.
tu
M.SURESAN
- practise h p
d - askt, lookt E pronounce
-. a-J-*--px
h--E -- , -C
--j--C.
2. I f u U O\ ? U
- . E v-u .
3. --/ -- correct
a--. j -a. (-) \ - C.
vo: 1. 'read' tense L---.

2. Tx x- ho, * accent v . a--L?
3. p Tx *- -E J. DE vU--- L?
u, N--o
--: 1) Read past tense and past participle (read) red () pronounce h. K J-.
2) * accent - phonetic symbols a-E English news telecasts regular N. p j accent hC.
3) Spoken English trainer settle y-, degree y P.G , Diploma
In Teaching English (CIEFL, Hyderabad) course .
vo: 1) Be -E past tense- was/
Can't but situation = p-E-J J- nA

E, past perfect tense Certainly = p-
E . Is -E was - C ?
-C . -- is I can't but go now = x p--\
N?
( d --, , J-n-,
2) -C x '- - - x.)
. n p-E-J ? I'll certainly go there = p-
'certainly' o 'p-E-J E n
. Eo --T-? -.) ( o -
3) Sorry, apology u N? 3) Sorry= N-J-h-o/ *A-h-o.
- '~- n . Apology = ~-. -- :
-sx OE -Th Sorry: I'm sorry I am late = -u
N-J-.
. XN, %---- *a *A-ho.
p-- d *A-ho.)
--: 1) be C Eo be forms (
p --
Jh-hC. to be = is. d be
*Ah sorry. Apology ~-
(is) past tense, was/ were, past per. Apology E demand h.
fect, been. Is - present tense ?
Apology . sorry
2) Can't but = ---p. He can't
(*-Ah) x-p apology p-a.
but go there = --\- x p.
were
been
- were
tense
- 17 --v- 2008
-- j---
Puneeth: (Would you) mind waiting (for) a bit?

once my mom comes back we can
start.
( - F-i u--?/
-? t AJT
---.)
Kundan: Not at all. I'm not in any hurry.
Japan has surpassed the US in the production of fuel efficient cars =

petrol
\ x -K -J N*--C.
Puneeth: Showing in that old theatre, if it is still

drawing crowds, the movie has to be
very good.
(
( --. ---.)
Puneeth: Shall I make you some coffee in the
mean time?
(
F /
y?)
Kundan: Oh, that'd be welcome. (I) haven't had

anything for hours.
(. Eo B--.)
Puneeth: Do you wish to have anything to eat?
(
o A?)
Kundan: I don't feel like it now. Coffee would

do.
(O A--E-- .
.)
Coffee
Puneeth: What about this movie we're going to?

Is it good?
( o
E
?)
Kundan: Shot mostly abroad, the movie

includes some sights that are a real
treat to the eyes, it seems.
Released three weeks ago = --

N- - ( :
-- N--u ...)
Mind=
u- p/ ~--/ u . - u E--*, Would you mind ...?/ Mind

(\ N-x *vA-* E Eo %u o----
...? English common. C,
-.)
pC, -L x sC L-T-
, p p--, p Would
treat n = ju ; A-/
- x u, - N.
you mind/ Mind? O-o u-\ n treat= N.
?/ O ---? . If you
don't mind E
He giving a birthday
treat today.
. -p- (s.
(y d- n) Not at
V N h-x--- 447 all.
o.)
3) Directed by Darshak, and starring such

big names directed, past participle.
\ ,
n El-P--.
Directed by Darshak = z direct . ( : z direct .)
4) The collections recorded so far = \
recorded, past participle; n: p-- -- (-: p---
-j)
5) Shot mostly abroad \ shot - past
participle of shoot (*vEo
*vB--J-) n: *vB-J--.
Shall I make you some cof fee?
Kundan: Released
three weeks
ago it's running to pack houses still.
(-- N--j--p-
E halls -hC.)
Puneeth: (It's) not surprising directed by darshak and starring such big names.
( a-u--O-, z z--y, l-l *--p.)

Kundan: The collections recorded so far is
really astounding. Expected to hit an
all time high, it has already surpassed
the producer's estimates.
(-- -j collections
a-u-- o. --,
p collections
-E P-ho *v, Et
---E-p- --C.)
Astounding = N-K--i au L-T
An all time high = ---,
p
surpass= -- /N*--
EXERCISE
Match the words under A with their meanings under B
A
theatre C v~- J{-h-, *v

p u-L.)
1. Anticipation
A. Exploit
2. Profiteer
B. Temple
3. Shrine
C. Peak
D. Expectancy
E. Suppose
KEY: 1-D, 2-A, 3-B.

Explanation:
1) Anticipation = (D) Expectancy-
j --E/ -- E- ---.
Eo- L-/ K~ L-/ uhE - , --- E \-
(p--p / ) -
--.
a) In anticipation of a good rank in the

exam, he promised a party to his friends
rank
=
friends
party
K-~ *
h-
h-E -a
a) A: Would you mind/ Mind my sitting here?/ if I sit here?
Puneeth: Yea. The theatre is old,

and the road to it, repaired
just a year ago, is now in a
bad shape thanks to the
quality of our municipality
works.
Kundan: Isn't that your mom coming?
( h-oC O t-?)
Puneeth: Sure she is. We can start now.
( *a-. ---a.)
Look at the following expressions from the
conversation above:
1) Puneeth: (Would you) mind waiting a bit?
Kundan: Not at all.
b) We waited with anticipation to meet the

great leader =
p -o ---- \-
--.
c) She cooked extra food in anticipation of
more guests =
\ A-- -h- --
\ C.
Anticipation - n
C.
Anticipation X Retrospect J-T--
N- J*/ J* -
In retrospect, I now see I made a mistake=
Eo J* -*h - -E
n---C.
2) Profiteer = (A) Exploit - Eu-- h-xN - o-p, E \
- -Nt v .
a) Cement and steel dealers are trying to
profiteer following the hike in taxes on
them =
\ repaired, pp of repair.
n= repair --. :
repair / repair .
use of past participle English
common v , -u- .
B: Oh, not at all. You are welcome.
hall C. \--}
M.SURESAN
f C repair
. y- --uC,
E---L u BC.)
(E-u--. p a.)
a) Some of the songs sung at the party were

sweet=
party
b) A: (Would you) mind giving me

your pen?
(O
pen
-f (C ) - o.
h?)
b) The match began an hour ago is still on =
B: Not at all. Here you are.
v-G--- (-
: v--i) match
-- C.
( y. , B-.)
C Spoken English common, u
-N---x x---p. Practise
.
c) The candidates chosen for the scholarships deserve them. (Scholarships
-f ( : -j)
u-n-- |.
Past participle --T- x,
sentences, short -.
*o sentences \ --a.
practise .
2) Released three weeks ago, its running to

packed houses.
released, past participle (pp) of release. PP
V3
(Third form of the verb
PP
verb
PP
-
p
E hC.
E --
E).
. n, ,
, \-O o -,
u- E \ --Nt v
--o.
b) The government has warned traders
against profiteering in essential commodities =
Eu-- h- v - Nv----E vy u-Lo a-J*C.

Profiteer X Lose.
3) Shrine = (B) Temple =
/ -
Nv/ vl C-.
a) At Tirumala is the shrine of Lord
Venkateshwara =
A-- X --y--yN
C.
b) He spent his retired life visiting all the
shrines in India =
O N- y x -
Jzh @N ---.
\ N-x *vB-J--. (*vB--J-*/

*vB--J*.
6) The road repaired a year ago.
(E-\ a- O-o
u--?. :
E-\ a-a?)
Shot mostly abroad =
Q.
1. As elusive
as a pickpocket
N?
2. Tx- -Eo -- uA- Eo non, J--Eo
un, -Eo im, dis
h. O i v o?
3. Bank shore u -N?
. d-G-, _-u-
A. 1. Elusive A *\E. - -E
, -n, A -E , ->-\E
-- N elusive.
pickpockets (--) --A -*\ -. ---E ----x --A -*\-E
--x- as elusive as a pickpocket .
2. uA- -, n- a-,
a, 'un-' 'in-', 'non-' 'dis-'
l- prefixes . l-
-T---E v . *
English --*a- Eo-d, prefixes C.
3. C f bank. -v f shore.
--C- 20 --v- 2008
-- j---
Snehit: This is one of the books published

recently on the subject of child labour.
lesson past participle English conversation \

(--Jt un O u v-J-* -? Past participle / h-x -.)
-- n h-E -o.
Samhit: Why are you showing it to me?
p J-Eo N- l.
Look at the following sentences from the dia(- -h-o?)
Snehit: My uncle has written it; those who have
read it say it is very good.
(C C . EE C-N--x- C --o.)
Samhit: That's a topic debated quite often
nowadays. In spite of the ban on it,
child labour continues unchecked.
( Vx Ja-ho
N C. --Jt un E-C-*-p-, --- T-- C.)
Snehit: This is perhaps one of the laws made
only to be broken.
(x--- dx --.)
Samhit: (It's) not so simple as it looks. Perhaps
it will take some more time.
(E-- --i u C.

-C, Jh
--u-.)
Snehit: How about giving the book a
look?
logue above:
1) This is one of the books published recently
2) That's a topic debated quite often
3) ... it remains unchecked
4) This is one of the laws made only to be
broken
1) One of the books published on the topic=
(Published- past
participle)
( ---) C ---
C (E C
).
-O v-J---
h-x .
a) It remained closed for several days =
-O v-J--i h-x -. (-E:
--V---C - C. (
English verbs past tense, past
V---C C.)
participle . --p C
b) Several children vaccinated developed
past tense
reactions=
, PP -
-L-y-f (vacciE -C.
nated- PP) \-x. --x
C x C-x--- 448
past tense .
--.
Newspaper Head lines
past participle
-. C Newspaper
head lines study past participle use
----.
a) BJP leaders Arrested on their protest
March=
h-Eo --o --?)
(p-. Eo --o.)
Snehit: It's not as interesting as a novel certainly, but it does give us a lot of information. Reading it certainly adds to our
general knowledge.
(-x -h-- -F
N-- --D h. general knowledge -C.)
Samhit: Your comparing it with a novel is meaningless. If it were a novel about child
labour, the comparison would be right.
Past tense
h subject E x E n hC. Eg: The

book published last week. \
published, past tense B-,
h v-J-*C E n
hC. h v-J-----F, v-J- . d v-J- n h C past participle v -C.
.
(
x---C---)
M.SURESAN
example
a) The man killed was about fifty years old

b) The man killed the snake.
(a)
killed, past tense B- E

n hC. -JE? DE
sentence . d
killed, past participle -C, -f
Snehit: My uncle is good at making things interE 50 x-. -
esting. Holding reader's attention on a
E-- E 50x-.
matter like this one isn't possible for
---L, past tense , past pareveryone.
ticiple difference.
(N-Lo h L-T-x 2) This
debated quite often: -
- . -O Ja-is--a-topic
C (- Do-
- hE EL -J Ja-h-o).
u-.)
a) The question raised often is whether
Samhit: How about lending it to me for a couple
Chiranjeevi will enter politics or not
of days?
raised - PP of raise = - (( -V- - h y-- ?)
C -h) vo *-@N ... E.
Snehit: Oh, sure. Have it.
b) The book selected for the prize = --A
Samhit: Thank you.
--f h (--A -j
Snehit: Welcome
h).
(y Eo novel a J-.
C -v - novel
, a correct -C)
she came back, the necklace was missing' was missing

past continuousnecklace
C
E-- n.
I knew I was missing the movie - Movie
p--o-E/ d--o-E n,
was missing past continuous. v -s-Eo-d correct --p, C
tense, part of speech a --
?
Whose
necklace was lost/ was missing yesterday?
was missing
past continuous
' Eo J x C --E
o. \
-C ! DEE N-J--.
- Ashok, Hyderabad
A. Where necklace was missing- \ missing, was missing past continuous . Missing \, The, book is interesting interesting adjective. 'When
Q.
d) Three Held in a Murder Case=
.
1. 'i' in 'Na ive' is always written or printed
.
.
like i (double dot over i) why?
2. Are energy forms like electricity, magnetism, heat, light.. material nouns or
abstract nouns? Explain why?
u-- d -- _.
Headline: u- _J d)
(held= arrested.
e) Halltickets Not Received =
x *-f
*J-T shirt hC)
shirt
(x-
b) His torn shirt showed his poverty=
*J-T/ *-f shirt -J-Eo

-*C.
O C---p, past participle -Eo vh -E-.
3. I am married. Is it the passive form as I am
married (by someone) or married is used as
an adjective? How can we know?
4. Are Americans following Britain English or
following their own. I have asked this
because in some grammar books written by
Norma Lewi, who is native Author of
America. I found 'meter' instead of 'metre'
and so many.
- Ch. Govardhan, Pidathapolur
A. 1) The i in Na.ive is always printed with double dots to indicate that both the vowels
'a' and 'i' are pronounced, as na-Ive and
not as neive.
2) All these nouns are abstract nouns. But when
light means a lamp it is a common noun.
halltickets.
f) One Killed and Six Injured In Road

Accident=
(-f , ----f -)
f v- J
, --J .
y;
hC .
n
- *J-T h E. .
a) His shirt, torn in the fight, is new=
c) Govt. Appeal Turned

Down in Supreme
court=
v-d -a-f
vy p.
( vA-: vy
p
-*a
v-d/ vd --*a vy p)
---f (--) un
-. ( --
un orders y h) PP
--j--p Eo-x n -\-. p s-Eo-d n --L.
BJP
---px La---f N-d.

( vA Headline- ---px l
Nd x La-)
b) His torn book shows his carelessness.

Sentence (a)
PP, torn book
(b)
torn (PP) book
sentences
The candidates selected will soon get
orders= The selected candidates=
orders
-f
b) Two Maoists shot dead in encounter =
4) This is one of the laws made.

(made- PP)
= -f dx
-. ( dx -).
Past participle -
l.
a) The book torn was mine - *-f
(*J-T--) h C.
Arrest
E- v
.
.. laws made only to be br oken
Samhit: Oh sure. I was about to ask you myself.
Q.
3) It remains unchecked- unchecked (PP)
EXERCISE
Write News headlines in English for the
following, using past participles.
a)
_ v-Jd Es
(Es-C-= detain)
b) - d
(= Distribute)
c) _ -B Jt-
(PP of Kill )
d) Eo- Ey-
(hold= Ey--).
ANSWERS
a) Three terrorists detained
b) Pattas distributed to the poor
c) Three Indian labourers killed in Dubai
d) Elections held in Nepal
3) In 'I am married', married is an adjective,

like interested in 'I am interested'. We know
it is not the passive form because in the
passive form we use the object, I am married to him/ her. In this sentence, am married is passive. In the sentence, I am married- married is an adjective.
4) Americans follow American English and not
British English. The official spelling book in
the US is Webster's Dictionary (Webster
was an American and he was solely
responsible for American spelling.) In other
aspects like pronunciation and usage too,
only American English is accepted in the
US.
--- 22 --v- 2008
-- j---
Susen: You look so tired, why? people moving to new homes should apear
happy.
-C.)
Susen: Isn't yours the newly painted house, the
third one on the right side of the street?
(? ----x Ep-h-o? h
-x - L ?)
Prasen: A new home does make me happy, but
moving into it is not such an easy thing.
Packing and moving do take the life out
of you. Believe me I haven't had a wink
of sleep for three days now.
(h xC --i N-, F
- --i N--O
. x u, E -L v --. v-V-
\ t.)
Take the life out of some one = v B.
The money lender is taking the life out of the
farmer for the money he lent him =
(FC OC j
x-?)
Prasen: That's the one.
Susen: Isn't your accommodation paid for by
your company?
(F -A/- - l F Lx-h?)
Prasen: Not the whole of it, just 60% of it.
( y EE x u ,
-L F
p-p
?)
professional = j
%Ah, -- .
patience =
(h . 60 v)
Susen: Wish you a happy life in your new
home.
(-h x y - -E --o.)
Prasen: Thank you.

lessons
lesson
participle
(...ing form) uses
f uJ *a p, j v v
-h-o/ Bh-o.
.
Money lender = f uJ
present
Susen: But you've engaged professional packers and movers for the job.

Past participle
-.
Look at the following
\ C x p -
II '...ing' form n -E
( \ \ a--- x
o *aC.)
c) He is not keen on our attending the function=
2) Packing and moving into a new home isn't

such an easy thing =
u-v--E x -
d--.
x u , h Keen = vl/ d .
--i N .
He is keen on going to the US =
uses a) Watching Indian movies can be boring =
J x- d/ d-- o)
-B E- uh E- n x x
N L_-- 's F/ F ...ing form .
a.
a) Every one observed Prasanth's/ Prasanth
-x--- 449 b) Smoking is injurious talking to the girl = v t-
to health =
x E-.
He enjoys taking long walks
Professional
players =
Tennis
b) The students' / students shouting of

Slogans wasn't to the
liking of the principal =
Nu-n E-
%Ah, -C Eo v--
Professional actors = %Ah-i- .
Professional x Amateur = -- -x.
( --C amateur photographers
actors ?)
sentences
above.
Prasen: They are not so careful how they pack

and move. You must supervise their
work, or else your goods are damaged.
( v-h x, -u
, -L---i, F u--~
L. h- -.)
from
the
dialogue
vEq-- a-.
1) People moving into new homes

should appear happy.
2) ... but moving into a new home
is'nt such an easy thing.
3) Packing and moving do take the
life out of you.
--a -u-E E-.

u arranging
n hC.
c) Everyone was shocked at Kesav's/ Kesav

talking like that =
4) Arranging things in a new home

takes the life out of us =
x x CvsA
.Be used to (--/ J-
), enjoy (-C-), give up (), Mind (u- ) = Object to,
Prefer E-o \ d--.
Practise- O y p Noun F 'ing' form F hC. Infinitive .
h x x
l vLo -hC.
( u ).
M.SURESAN
4) There is, of course, arranging things in the

new home.
5) Sleeping in a new place does make a difference.
5. Sleeping in a new place does make a difference =
a) i) I am used to the heat of Vijayawada.
h E-vC, h Ep-hC. ( N-- - -. Heat-noun)

D
'....ing' form n, -. Spoken
I am used to getting up early.
-- '...ing' form a n 1) j English
Susen: And then, there is of course arranging
'....ing' form ii)(
-E ho,
- -. Getting-ing
things in the new home. That you have
.
form)
2) E ,
to do it yourself.
: E b) i) He enjoys sweets. (sweets A-Eo
( y --Eo-F l C. 3) -E .. n h. p l.
-C-h.Sweets-noun)
1) People moving into new homes should His coming here makes everyone happy =
C y \-L.)
ii)
He enjoys taking long walks.
appear
happy
=
Prasen: That's right. That has taken me a whole
-E-\- -J LThC. (
Eo -C-h/
h
x
L.
couple of days. Still it is'nt over.
Kumar's buying the site was a wise move =
)
a)
Students
doing
engineering
have
good
job
(. --V
n-Eo L-j E.
c) i) He gave up his job for an acting career.
opportunities =
dC. C h--.)
: x, E ( u u-Eo >-F-J C Nu-l- * u---- -E-
Susen: Sleeping in a new place makes a differn my, our, your, his, her, their + / C--.)
o.
ence as well.
ing form hC.
Gave up + job (noun)
b) Vehicles plying the highway have to pay a
(h EvC h .)
a) I don't like your coming late to class.
toll =
ii) He gave up smoking
Prasen: Yea. Takes some time, adjusting to the
(y x -u d .)
---J- x - Lx-L.
(smoking ---.)
new place.
My father was angry at my getting such low
gave up + smoking ...ing form).
(. h - c) Teachers teaching maths need a lot of b) marks
friend, I knew he had came.
Practise the following aloud in english.

Pradhan:
---\- J* F ?
Pravesh: x\ friend x -n--C ---a-E.
Pradhan: -- sudden d
. ---\-
(attend on) l -p.
Pravesh: E J CL x bad manners ?
Pradhan: x J* F- -
?
Pravesh: E --E --.
Answer
Pradhan: Do you know about his coming here?
Pravesh: When I saw his sister talking to her
-\E a-l.)
-h - ( . V A--x -h - o.)
Pradhan: I don't like his coming suddenly like

this. when he is here attending on
him is a headache.
2.
Pravesh: Leaving him alone will be bad manners
A. 1. Sitting crowded/ to sit crowded/ to

crowd (Don't sit crowded on the same
bench) (The bench is cramped/
crowded. Why don't some of you move
out? = Bench
Pradhan: (Have you) any idea of his going?

Pravesh: I haven't met him yet.
--.-vQ, -A-A
_ C. O C a-.
2. DE _-d O-. -- a.
Crowd too thick to let even sand grains to
pass.
Q.
1.
Q.
-C u- -Tx- - --.
-\E a- (: xj
p- -T-x E--- y
, -- -
Eo T*, - y-q -
A.
d -a
? p -Tx p- h-? -Tx- x-- OJ-*a
Eo C-N J--C?
.--, .A-- j---
C u English C
p - C. -
-h-o. Eu-@-N-
---u ----
200 lessons . --
x-- practice Lessons
ho. Advanced Stage
o. p h- x O
English touch -- hN a--.
- 24 --v- 2008
-- j---
Q.
2.
1. Accent
n, .
Too, also, so
do, either
E-h. E
--T -.
3. Phrasal verbs
vu-o
? N? Example- adjust = make do.
phrasal verbs, Idioms conversation
--Th effective ?
- K.Babji, Sankavaram
A.
Accent
. / v/
>x v x B.
--- h v x B
(Coastal area accent), -- v
x B (Rayalaseema accent) and
- x B (Telangana
accent) y . J accent d
x v v p-a. We all speak
English with an Indian accent =
English -B x-.
Important - -d C -
accent. -, \-L pronounce h C British accent -C.
stress E n.
E j lEo
\ L-, l O accent/ stress
C. English -
(Indians) UxE \ - Ux E.
O stress. accent
C. Ux force . English pronounce -p, the accent is on 'in'.
2) Too, also, so do, either -O- -J-* - lessons N-
L, .
3) Phrasal verbs x simple natural C. Phrasa verbs
--i .
Let's adjust with what we have
Let's make do with what we have
natural C .
(Adjust Cl vC a). Phrasal
verbs , idioms -
effective C.
Accent
English
Q.
1.
Does it have a name?

third
person singular
Does it have a
name
2.
How go your studies/ How does go your

studies
3.
Going two hours earlier is better than to be

late by two minutes ..
C d?
C -d?
4.
I don't have at home the tablets I usually

take
I don't have the tablets
at home which I usually take
o. Eo
5.
So have I, like to
p?
nEo
- V. Narayana Reddy, Giddalur
h?
A.
(Does go, verb

Subject you
-d?
d
L .
1) Question
gular
has
Does have
p not , III person sinhC. Question , not

-C ?
2) How go your studies? (F - C?)/
How goes life? (@N C?) Fo
--J . Studies, plural ? How
does your studies go? J-. How
does go your studies? p.
3)
2.
1. Spoken English, Grammar, Dictionary

F usage of word book * books
(English-Telugu) p. O-o -?
He get married her. He get to do. It get
written. He got done the work.
get, got
n -.
He would like to have done
to have done
n -.
- -sx , Eo
n-- N-J-.
4. Past , future F --E L.
DEo English pL?
5. Could C Future tense --T-a? (Eo -- -).
He said ''He could do the work''.
future h-? past --?
h---?
6. Would do -- n ?He said
''He would do the work'' h--? Future h-? Usages .
3.
- Venkata Rao, Guntur
A.
1) Grammar & usage

Living English structure by
Stannard Allen.
O ---
h,
Q.
House full, full of house; Nonvegetarian, not -vegetarian;

Only vimal, vimal only Over, up
example
eg:
O

-
E
C d?
N?
-a?
A.
1) House Full
cinema hall
Seats
/
E--C.
--S-
Tickets Fo t--
E n. \
house= cinema hall/ theatre E.
Full of house ? House
n x , d
(building) -- --E
Correct.
\,
- B- x E n
hC. B--C tablets F, E
? d C J-.
5) So have I. C -J - C,
E pC u.
'I have a car' ( car C)
'So have I'( C)
n, I like to hC? J-.
-x---
450
Q.
He seems to have gone =
4)
-%-d- -h
*
M.SURESAN
Get married =
Rx -- (get, married
-- n .
He get to do it He has got to do it
correct. Got \ has got verb
. DE vu n -C-\.
He has got to do it = -C u-Lq.
3) He would like to have done it - C ()
-- d--- -.
To have done = j -.
To have done it in the circumstances is really great =
J-n-x -
(--E ) p N-.
N --
2) Non-Vegetarian (Not-Vegetarian
)= ---E/ --J-E
uh. n- NonVegetarian, Correct. Non E E-- Jh C--EC E.
Indians x Non-Indians (-B---E-/ -B---).
Not vegetarian ---,
= -/ -J .
1)
I have no money-
correct=
C J-.
I haven't (have not) any money/ I haven't

correct,
the money-
I haven't any money =
Rx---
He had to do it =
--E Lq *aC/
p-, (Past).
_ (E-j --) s-.

Why don't you buy a car? =
(y car -\-?)
=
( _ -\---) s-. -\-- E n --E, the .
'You haven't paid the fees yet' =
(Ny fees d-)
I haven't the money
y j-- R -E - \j ---a (C u).
6)
_ s .
I haven't the money=
If you go to Hyderabad, you could run into

him=
He gets/ got married to her, correct.
House = Parliament/ Assembly/

Council/ Meeting -
- N?
DE n N? N
v-T-L? N- ---.
Vis-a-vis
I have not money-
E--uL.
5) Could- future possibility (u-u/
-- N-Eo) C.
p .
Business House = u n.
2.
s-.
He must do it/ He will have to do it/ He

should do it = future
2) He get married to her. He get to do itsentences
lessons
I have no money. I have not money.
- Dhana, Hyderabad
A.
xo.
English
- Telugu
spoken English book
.
E -.
1.
n .
Dictionary,
Oxford
Advanced Learner's
Dictionary of current
English.
o v- .
- GLT Ram, Secunderabad.
go
4) I don't have the tablets at home which I usually take.

home which I usually take =
He gets/ got mar ried to her

Q.
--p, does ,
L ?)
He said he could do the work (He could do

the work, inverted commas
--)
n E -----E p.
sentence could past ---C?
7) Would do - (- ) E
n hC.
While at school, he would do it everyday =
School
He used to do it.
'I haven't the money' =
(-\--- s _ )
(OO , size ) = E
-C*.
Q. 1. Function, Celebration, Reception OE
J* N-J---.
2. Wedding, Marriage OE -.
vis-a-vis
2)
- Meduri Satyanarayana, Hyderabad
o-p C vAW -
. =
He said he would do the work =

he would do it,
inverted commas
h-E o, \
--.
4) p---o Eo d, only
3) Over --Ej E n.
position C. He wears only
There is a map on the wall over the
Vimal clothes = p
table= Table j \ (Table
N h --. (
O- --), O map C.
-FN ). He only wears
He jumped over the wall = O-CVimal= v N h
* , --L-j-.
- E .
up = j. He climbed up the hill
, He wears Vimal only= He

= -j \.
wears only Vimal- \ Vimal only
His office is up the stairs = xo, Only Vimal o ?
j E office C.
5) Example j abbreviation Eg
Up C\ n
, C Latin * *a
C. His home is further Exempligratia (bx-v-)
up the road= x
abbreviation. Eg correct n, for
/ * C.
example = -, E.
A.
Function:
Independence
day function, marriage function
/ q.
(,
---i q-)
Celebration: The way in which we conduct a
function-
-sEo Rx, d-V, N- Ko y-E* --.

Reception: j birthday, marriage
-s a N, tea party, etc.
Marriage, wedding Rx E.
wedding o-p, Rx -
J --i N-v N
l-- vu C.
The marriage took place last year = x
Rx --C J-TC.
The wedding took place with due ceremony=
T v- (v----l)
Rx J-TC.
--C- 27 --v- 2008
-- j---
Sanket: What do I read in this newspaper here?

'Maoists slaughtering Tribals'.
( h--vA- -o? 'TJ--- - ho

N-d.)
Satwik: The Chattisgadh Government is yet to
learn a lesson or two from the Andhra
Pradesh Government in checking the
atrocities of the Maoists.
(Nd %u- - Bh
vy v-v- vy *
a--.)
Learn a lesson or two- C J _ *
- a n English
-- expression.
There is a lesson or two I can learn from you
about spending money carefully =
s
vh a-d N- F _ *
a--L .
Sanket: Here's another piece of news under the

heading, 'Kutch Rising from the Ruins'.
(-h, heading : 'PC-

* j ho .)
Satwik: I've read it. It's interesting. (It) tells us
how Kutch, levelled to the ground in
the 2001 earthquake, Kutch has developed into a thriving industrial centre.
( C--C. -h-- C.
2001 - --d-i (--E v)
N----i
J-v-N
v
%Cl C
--C.)
English Newspaper Headlines (u L Headings) -- j --

L---x-. English speaking ju
--- English Newspapers - Eo
N -. English
Newspapers Headings n
u. h - ---d--x headings h N h. E n - N
p --.
English News headings Eo sentences
, J-Eo Phrases (Groups of Words
Without Verbs - Verbs E ----)
News Headlines '...ing' form \- Cl. phrases : 1) Phrases -- *a -J N-- --C.
with '...ing' forms 2) Phrases with infinitives and
-E, \-J '...ing' form o headlines
3) Phrases with past participles. (--
p --o N-Eo --.

: '...ing' form (going, coming, Kutch
Rising From Ruins = PC- * j
etc), verb . Be form L o '...ing' form
/
G
%Cl o . C p -v verb (am going, is singing, etc).
o
N
.
Infinitive (to go, to sing, etc) verb . N past participle (seen, eaten, given, a) Counting going on in Byelections =
Eox ---o (p) x \.
liked, etc) verb . E- be form
(is seen, are eaten, has been given, will be liked, b) Cement Dealers Hoarding Stocks = d
etc) N verbs.
v- Ey ho u-. C
News headlines sentences
p --o N.
verbs
Ist Regular
hoard= v-
Doing Words (present
Ey-- ( osimple) ,
p C ---t J-T N-Eo
451 )
report ho .
b) Satyam To Open Software Centres In

Somemore Centres =
(Computers)
J--Eo-x d-
v v-G--o u
c) Public Distribution
Streamlined =
System
To
Be
v-- N-Eo \-C-l-
o vy.
(\ to be streamlined = to be + PP of
streamline= C to streamline passive
form- \-C-l---o v-- un E
hC. E - .
d) New Bridge To Be Opened For Traffic Next
Month =
--- a -* ---o h. a
* (---) h v.
Newspaper Headings n --L.
EXERCISE
Practise News headlines for the following in
English.
1)
h N--v-Eo
v-G--o E-D(...ing form )
2) N- vA- N C --
y
v
Sanket: 'BSNL to extend its services to more vilEg: India Wins the Second Test
(Infinitive )
Infinitives (to go, to

lages'. This is another news headline.
( test /
come etc) a Headings l. 3) y- - ho Olympic uA (Torch)
('J-Eo v- - Nh-J--o test L-* ) \ -E(... ing form )
Fo y *a- --
-Lq N- Match -, \
BSNL')
E --.
Royal Challengers -* Kolkata Knight
4)
Satwik: That's really welcome news. Whatever past heading v preRiders (Sentence RDW )
4) Government To Implement New
India's progress in other fields, its sent simple (Regular Doing Words)
Pay Scales from 2006 = h - 5) h q v---d-o A (Infinitive
progress in communications during the -. E- N- v
).
- 2006 * ( D *)
past tense . :
last ten years has been amazing.
M.SURESAN
ANSWERS
o
v
y
.
(E C y-A--_ h. N India Wins II Test
1) Sonia Gandhi Inaugurating The New Airport.
x vA o, com- India, on Thursday, won the second test implement = ---
2) Night Landing Facilities To Begin Soon In
against Australia by 36 runs. Tendulkar and 5) and 6) Government to open three more IITs
munications v s-
Visakha.
and 7 more IIMs = IIT , 7 IIM
Laxman top scored for India.
C.)
3) Olympic Torch Coming To India Soon
(- , Z-L-j d 36 v-G--o vy.
amaze= a-uEo L-T-.
4) Kolkata Knight Riders Defeat Royal
a) Symonds To Play For Hyderabad = j-- N C-*C.)
Sanket: Government to implement new pay
Challengers.
- -o jq.
p phrases (verbs E group of words)
scales from 2006. This is another head5) Maruthi To Introduce New Models.
o Headlines l.
line here.
( head line: h \x 2006 Look at the following from the conversaShe was ill, but/ yet she manQ. 1. Though/ although/ inspite of
tion above:
* -----o vy.)
aged to smile = though/
nEo*a, sx - -
although/ even though she was
Satwik: This is the election year, you know. The 1) Maoists Slaughtering Tribals
---. a) She was very ill. She manill, she managed to smile.
government is going all out to please 2) Kutch Rising From Ruins
aged to smile at everyone. b) They mass
Inspite of y noun/ ...ing
every section of voters.
3) BSNL To Extend Its Services To More Villages
copied yet they failed- u- OE
form F hC. Inspite of her
(C Eo- -q ? vA _ 4) Government To Implement New Pay Scales
L?
illness (noun)/ inspite of being
From
2006
x ---J-- vy Eo-N(..ing form) she managed to
2. The meeting had hardly started when slogan
v-Ao-hC.)
5) Government To Open 3 More IITs In The
smile.
DEo
hardly
shouting
began.
Coming Year
Go all out = Eo N v-Ao-
2. Hardly had the meeting started when slogan
L?
NJ
.
Sanket: Government to open 3 more IITs in the 6) It Is To Start 7 More IIMs
shouting begun. (Hardly begin h sub3. -u---i P----- u B---coming year- this is perhaps the best of 1) Maoists Slaughtering Tribals - (C '...ing'- measures to birth control babies are ject had hC.)
form o headline = TJ--- - ho
the news in the papers today.
a) He had hardly left the theatre when it
needed -a? DEo -d L?
( IIT v-G--o N-d (Slaughter = -/ , v
started raining = Hardly had he left the
- A.Penchalaiah, Rajampeta
theatre when it started raining.
vy. h--Eo- -- - C-.)
A. 1. a) i) Though/ Although she was ill, she
:
b) Supriya had hardly bought the book
- *-h.)
managed to smile at every one.
when some one stole it = Hardly had
a) Iran President Visiting India = -
Satwik: It is to start 7 more IIMs too.
Supriya bought the book when some one
ii) Inspite of being ill/ Inspite of her illness
o/ ho u-~.
( 7 IIMs v-G--C.)
stole it.
she
managed
to
smile
at
everyone.
(visiting=
Jzo.'...ing' formSanket: And the OBC quota to be implemented
c) The sun had hardly risen when the birds
b)
i)
Though/
Although
they
mass
copied
Heading)
from this year too.
began to sing = Hardly had the sun risen
they failed.
b) Congress Preparing For Byelections =
(Sx OBC quota q
when the birds began to sing.
ii) Inspite of mass copying they failed.
Eo-- l---o v.
---C.)
d) He had hardly got his degree when he
Gover nment To Open 3 Mor e IITs
Satwik: Wait. Someone is calling. Let me

attend to it.
(.
E.)
phone
h-o.
(Preparing- ...ing form)

c) HUDA Acquiring More land =
HUDA.
NE -J--o
-J--o.
acquiring=
J-
Though, although, even though, but, yet,

inspite ofsentence construction
O-Eo- n / --p. , OE --p

-C. -- .
got a good job = Hardly had he got his

degree when he got a job.
3. Measures are needed to control the birth of
babies (to check population growth.)
bg--- 29 --v- 2008
-- j---
Ritwik: The Civil Supplies Department to

arrange the sale of cooking oil and redgram through fair price shops.
( , C-p -- -
y t--E p-o -----.)
Satwik: Who says that? (---o-C?)
Ritwik: It reads so here. That's according to a
media release by the Director, Civil
Supplies.
( E C-\. ---- Director

N- O v v.)
Satwik: Perhaps it follows a spate of protests
and demonstrations by some sections
of the people and the opposition parties
in the recent weeks.
(Eo _ v, N-~ E--, vz- - a.)

Ritwik: The price rice in the recent months has
been unprecedented. In a bid to control
prices the government might have taken
the decision.
(v x -- ---o \- C. -
E-vA-- vy Eg B--a.)
unprecedented = E-N-
Satwik: The minister in a media conference
attributes
the
price rise to
international
price situation.

conversation above.
1) The Civil Supplies Department to arrange the
sale of cooking oil and red gram through fair
price shops = (Red gram =
2) That's according to a media release by the
Director, Civil Supplies.
3) ... it follows a spate of protests and demonstrations by some sections of people and the
opposition parties.
4) The price rise in recent months has been
unprecedented.
5) In a bid to control prices the Government
might have taken the measure.
6) The Government alleges that traders have
been hoarding stocks.
C-p)
A Govt of India media release= Media
Newspaper
lowing =
N vy -v/ -.
Press/ Media release Press/ Media hand
out E .
Media conference = O reporters
- C-- p -.
1) The Civil Supplies Department to arrange

the sale of cooking oil and red gram =
-, C-p t- p -o -----.
-- , to arrange E infinitive headings --E.
The Govt will take all measures to check the

price rice, the minister told a media conference here on friday =
- -
u- B---E vA v- p
a) Government to take stern action against
hoarders - C sentence . Infinitive
O (J-dx) -- p.
o phrase v News headlines
Media briefing = O J - -Eo
C -
N-J-.
n
v
Brief= N-/ N-JEy --Jj
/ -/ Bv u B-
452 C-.
o vy.
\-
E J-N/ .
Following the Minister's assurance, the people withdrew their agitation =
vA O y-/ *a y v
- (agitation) N-No.
Following the rice in prices, the common man
finds life difficult =
-- -u @N d
C.
4) Unprecedented = --o--E.
Unprecedented rain has hit the farmers
hard=
----o E Bv { j-
s-B-.
5) In a bid- C English newspapers
E- .
Bid= attempt= vo
The price rise .. unpr ecedented
(
O
-- vA
---,
-b-B J- nA -
L-.)
Ritwik: That may be the government stand but

that isn't the whole reason for it. It's the
failure of the government to rein in
prices.
(C vy jJ a, F C Jh - v . -- vy j-u C.)
Satwik: Wait. I read some thing sensational
here. 'A baba sacrifices a child and
drinks its blood'.
(. \ ---h E--hC.
'Gf L*a h--T .)
Ritwik: That's really shocking. Just can't understand how people tolerate these fake
swamijis.
(C Cvs-A-. v -y- J-h n .)

Satwik: This is how it goes. 'A seven month old
baby ...'
b) CM to visit town today =

CM.
2) That's according to a media

release by the Director, Civil
Supplies.
u-i ~--
O N-J-.
salient= (-L-)= u-i/
-E--_ features = ~-
In a bid to get the votes of the minorities the

Govt is showing special interest in their
welfare =
(O) h vA3) A spate of protests and demon, , -.N. j.M.SURESAN

strations.
Media- Plural of Medium. \
spate= x. protest= E-/ uA--.
Medium
Medium
of
Mass
demonstration= N--E l/ uA-Communication = C h- L L-- Ey- v-z.
- (communicate -)
There were protests and demonstrations
- Newspaper, TV, Radio, etc. Print
against land take over by the Govt for SEZ =
Media = h vA-. Electronic Media = TV,
vu Jn L (SEZ) vy Radio N. Print Media Press E
yD ----E uA-- E--/
.
v-z- J-.
Media release = h--- (Print and elec -N protests, demonstratronic media) y v- N- -
tions, hunger strikes (E---D-~), relay
L--, v , -j media
fasts (x, x \-V E- D~),
N- - v.
rally (-T- x) --
Press Release = vA-a - v.
.
i-J- x v-o, vy J
~ x vu vl -C.
welfare = ~
6) Allege = E--- i uu/ --
. (E--a E - )
allegation = -.
Media
Ritwik: Stop it. I can't hear the details. Have the

police acted in the matter?
(. N-- J--.
o u B--o?)
Q.
1. Gandhi
would often say
that, he was an
ordinary man.
past
Police
C
( )
J-T E-?
would
\
y
-C ? E-E DEo
Satwik: They've taken him into custody for interrogation.
(x--E -- B--o vPo-)

Ritwik: Thank God, they've nabbed him. But it's
hundred to one he'll be punished soon.
(x x--E arrest . P~-- v y -)

Spoken English improve --- English
newspaper - ---.
n -- h d E--a v---. lessons English
newspaper n -- -o. J-Eo N--L-p --.
The Police foiled the bid

of the demonstrators to
force their way into the
secretariat=
*---- --
v-P- -o v-z-
v-oEo police N .
foil= J v-oEo f--
The project director briefed the media

about the salient features of the proproject= Project
ject director
--
E o
fol-
future
Gandhi used to say that, he was
an ordinary man
L ?
-C--E Tx- pL?
a) x hC.
b) x .
c) x hC G Fx
d-.
d) O x W Eo
hC?
e) x Fx d ?
2.
3. Sandals, flip-flops, mules, slipfoot wears

pers
u
N? p Tx- -?
4. -B- Tx- -?
5. Make food/ tea.. prepare food/

tea..
- Meer Mukarram Ali, Hyderabad
O C d?
A.
1. Would, future from the past
v , past habit, past

practice --C.
regular/ repeated
J-T EE L--
would (=used to) .
Gandhi would often say = Gandhi
often used to say =
Would = used to.
D -/
p-.
2. a) We get water tomorrow.

b) We don't get water tomorrow.
The dead woman's parents alleged that their

son-in-law killed their daughter
=
x Jo -E %-L
Lxv --h-o.
b) The Minister alleged that the opposition

was politicising everything =
vA N-Fo vA--~ - h-o-E

vA --.
c) Water is coming. Collect/

draw water in your bitcher
English
(G J-
.)
d) For how many hours do you

get water?
e) Don't you draw water and
store it?
belt shoes
3. SandalsMules(heel)
cover
N.
-,
v cover , u x high heeled foot wear
(x v N).
Flip-flops= Hawai slippers
(x v N).
Slippers= N- x v
. v
*, Flat .
Footwear =
footwear.
(footwears
-i p--
jFo footwear
J-).
= --~. Shoes/
footwear
boots/ mules, etc.
-E: jFo western

-, flip-flops/
p. p
x . -E
J- -nE
.
.

x n .
C
4. Chapathi .
5. Make/ prepare food/ tea-
(make, prepare) d.
prepare vC. Make
simple - Make - better.
countries
slippers
English
English
Chappal
English
English
- 1 - 2008
-- j---
Q.
1. A police recruit
was asked during
exam, what would
you do if you had to
arrest your own mother? He said 'call for
back up'.
2. Do you know... what
did the potato chip
say to the battery?
well, guess... It said:
If you are Eveready I
am Frito Lay.!
3. A girl phoned me the other day and said.
Come on over, there's no body home, I went
over Nobody was home!
4. A baby monkey asks his father, Father why
are we so ugly? The father says to him don't
stress my son you should see the one who is
reading this!
We want to know the meaning of remarkable
phrases underlined above and we will be
thankful to you if you explain the whole
meaning of the joke fourth one.
- Rahaman, Kothapally
Q.
1. Being their faithful

servant,
finally
Nasreen
cheated
them.
3. Being it is one of the finest product of Wipro,

it is today known to every consumer.
4. Being she was disgraceful in public by Ravi,
she has decided not to talk to him now
onwards.
5. Been my watch damaged I returned it to the
shop.
6. Been beaten by her teacher, Reshma has
been not interested going to school.
7. Been our companion for the past 6 months,
she is not often coming to us, as she became
a famous anchor of TV programmes.
8. Mr.Sadiq is now improved been learning
English for the past 6 months.
j ux p- E J-CCl,
--.
- Sravani, Nandyala
A. 1) Being C, continuous form of 'be'. 1)
Present continuous, past continuous tenses
passive
Q.
1.
C u
-d?
past perfect tense
--T-
Eg: We are from 'so and so' association. We

had applied for permission to use the function hall. May I know whether we have the
permission?
- J. Govardhana Rao, Vijayawada.
1) Be seated
C passive voice ! J
-J--j Please be seated oC -T- j--? N-K-n h
-.
2) 'o o old English v
'Howmanyeth' o j--?
S. Kumar, Kurnool
-x---
453
a) Having been a man of peace, Gandhi

never got angry= Gandhi
A----
- ( ?) --p p---.
Having been + pp n: ----
passive -C.
---C
.
b) The terrorist was
being questioned by
M.SURESAN
the police (Terrorist
police
- passive of past continuous.
Having been cheated once, he was careful

the second time=
-J -T----
( -J ---),
J v-h o.
vPo--- o
-)
2) Being x/ -
n .
1) Being their faithful servant, Nasreen finally

cheated them =
x Ny---v--j -- *- x C.
2) Being she is very intelligent she succeeded

in dealing with the situation- Being
Being
group of words
verb
sentence
being she is -being,
sentence correct form:
is -
Being intelligent, she dealt with him cleverly =
L-j-C -/ L-j-- x, -
L-N _--*aC.
Being rich, he can easily buy a car = -- --x - car --.
been . Having been . n:
-.
1) His last drawn pay was Rs.
5000/- is correct, because it
refers to a pay drawn in the
past, and as he no more draws
the pay.
2) In the example, we had applied

is unacceptable. Since it is a
past action the time of which isn't
stated, it should be, 'We have
applied'.
I was tired of walking.
10. By using an adjective clause
I wanted to take rest.
11. By using an adverb clause
u-
Q.
a) The machine is
being repaired (p.v.
of present continuous)=
Machine
repair
A.
C-- C j u
His last drawn full pay is Rs.5000
Q.
you can get if necessary. Back up in computing means a copy of file you keep and
use if the original is lost. In this joke, it
means that the candidate for the police
job means that he alone can't arrest his
mother, he needs extra support. This
means his mother is too dangerous/ difficult for him to deal with alone!
2) Eveready as you know is a famous brand
of battery. Frito lay here, I think, is also the
brand name of some substance made of
glass and used for technical purposes.
3) The girl says, 'come on over, there's
nobody home'. He went there expecting
the girl to be alone at home, but 'nobody'
(including the girl) was at home! The girl
fooled him.
4) Who is the one reading this joke? You, I or
for that matter, anyone who is reading the
joke. The father monkey means that the
reader of the joke is ugly, and so the son
monkey need not feel bad about being
ugly.
--T* -. O
- u, j u ----E - -.
1. By using a participle
2. By using an absolute phrase

3. By using an infinitive
4. By using a preposition with a noun
or gerund
5. By using a noun or phrase in
apposition
6. By using an adverb or adverb
phrase
7. By using both and not only but
also, as well as
8. By using for and so
9. By using a noun clause
- Seshanna, Adony
A.
O p----oC direct simple I was tired of walking, so I

wanted to take rest E p--LTp O--TEo N-, confuse grammatical terms
p---- --? N
spoken English lessons .
p-----oC, simple
direct
p------F,
Q.
o
.
(j
,
).
Being intelligent she succeeded ... OR She,

being intelligent, succeeded in ..
(Being
word groups
is
.
EC -E-)
a- .
His last drawn full pay was Rs.5000

2.
A. 1) Back up here means extra help or support
A.
1)
Be seated is the passive of
"Please seat yourself."
please seat
yourself
(please) be seated, (please)
simple
C u (O--- ox).
- j-x
C.
. j-C, u
2) Howmanyeth C old English -.
expression, Gwynn Englishman, English,
L- - suggest
. standard spoken
English . Standard dictionaries \
record . *
English L- --C l .
Being she is ver y intelligent ..
2. Being she is very intelligent, she succeeded in dealing the situation.
1) Some words in English

are
sound, some are
sound. How to recognise their sound?
A.
1) Pronunciation
2) A person holds M.A.,

M.Phil, Ph.D. etc,
holds
studied
h -Kx C -- x
( -x C )
) in public
(N - --E---x/ ...)
5) Been my watch - Been . Been
p having hC -sx:
My watch having been damaged ( watch
sA-) damage ---), I
returned it to the shop (Eo shop AJT-a-) \*ax h, C past -C.
4) Being disgraced (disgraceful
by Ravi, she has decided not ...
6) Having been beaten by her teacher, Reshma

has not been ...
7) Having been our companion for the past 6
months, she often comes to us, though she
has become a famous ...
8) Mr Sadiq has been trying to improve his
English for the past 6 months.
-J-* y
-
a?
-N--Jh.
2) A person holds M.A.,
M.Phil., Ph.D., and PGCTE
holds
degrees,
properties
Degree
- G.Shankar,
Keshavapatnam
grammar for the sake of grammar

grammatical exercise
-
---x a --N?
ax confusion p
. O -- a .
English x---L-T--p
Eo sentence ,
parts of speech --C
-C.
1) Tired of walking, I wanted to take
rest (Tired of walking - Tired - P.P)
2. Being tired (of walking)/ The walking
tiring me, I wanted ... (Abs. phrase:
Being tired the walking tiring me)
LT
.
p a-E -a.
F degree --p
3) Too tired to walk, I (to walk- infinitive)

4)
sentence
of - prep,
walking - gerund
5) I, the walker, (walker, in apposition
to I) being tired of walking ...
6) Being too tired of walking I wanted
to take rest. (Being too tired adverb phrase)
7) I was both tired and desired/ wanted rest
I was not only tired, but also wanted to take rest.
8) I wanted take rest, for I was tired
I was tired so I wanted to take rest.
9) That I was tired made me want to
take rest (NC)
O *a

C. E
-J-.
3) Being one of the finest products of wipro

(wipro
Being it is having it is today known to all customers.
()
()
sentences (2), (3),

(4), (5)
mistake
(We continue to hold

it.) So holds here is correct.
Using past tense here is wrong.
C.
He holds the post of VC (Now)

He hold the post of VC (in the
past)
Degrees are things, which
once we get, we continue to
have. So holds is correct.
10) I who was tired of walking wanted

to take rest. (Adj cl)
11) As I was too tired, I wanted to take
rest (Adv cl)
NN sentences Eo-aN ---- O parts of

speech, phrase, different kinds of
phrases, clause and different kinds
of clauses
lessons
Spoken English
standard grammar book
study
J* ~o --L. \ a
O d, OE
J* N-J-.

,
O -hC.

April 08

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--- 1 --v- 2008

a) The time is not propitious for the start of a

. betrothal, old fashioned, p- --. Engagement - C.

b) He often smiles at her. She doesn't like it =

- --- -F-x -h-o. -- -F-x -d-L.

1. We are getting water through our tap. I should

G j English . Pail (bucket)

Where is the pail? Is there water in the pail?

Er. Naveen Kumar, Er.B.Vaikuntam

1. a) I am very happy to have

2. i) No matter, ii) in no time

9. Mention not/ No mention cor.

5. Which would you rather be?

1. a) I am very happy to have

b) I am very happy being met

Buffet = Railway stations/ trains/ bus stations

That's non of your business

13. Bistro, Roadhouse, Boarding house,

b) At the auspicious moment, he declared the

3. Matrimony = Wedding = Marriage

11. Raiment, attire, apparel,

educated person she is

ii) Having been educated =

a) No matter what you say, I

b) No matter where he is the

b) Fans gathered in no time to

3. i) Being an educated (person)/ Being educated =

a) Being educated/ Being an

Having been educated in

6. The flowers smell sweet, he

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

b) In five years from now, he will have been

1. Please tell me 'Future

please/ kindly let me have your address =

- write, - play. words

3. Resume and Biodata: Not much different.

1) Future perfect continuous -

Resume- Details like your address, Date of

first mentioning the present position and

(Played - past tense; played - pp)

Listening to the music, he is dancing

j ux underline ing forms

vo: 1. Has she forgotten all the

1. He supported Nuclear energy adding that

Had had= Had+past participle of have (had)- Past perpast actions

1. Has she forgotten all the help

Did she forget?

She had her breakfast and then

vo: The principal wished the

a) Walking down the road, he saw a very tall

-u to F, my/ his/ her/ their/

The coffee is too hot to drink=

6) This is to certify that ...

vo: 1. Will you take me home on your bike o.

b) I will be in Vijayawada tomorrow, discussing

2. ''The programme will begin in a few minutes''

(I past action- had + pp of

Did she forget the help she had

To +1st RDW (to go, to come, etc)

form, past, verb, came

Is that your sister?

c) Listening to the music,

uEo will you take me to home on your bike

4. He came out with a