PH2100

Concepts of Motion

Formula Sheet
Force and Motion

Knight

average speed = r = rf ri vavg = aavg r t v = t

distance traveled time interval spent traveling

a=

1 Fnet m where Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3 + ...

Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line

Fnet = Fi = ma
i

Kinematics: The Mathematics of Motion

A Model for Friction : Static : f s ( s n, direction as necessary to prevent motion ) Kinetic : f k = ( k n, direction opposite the motion ) Rolling : f r = ( r n, direction opposite the motion ) Drag : D ( 1 Av 2 , direction opposite the motion ) 4

For Motion in a Straight Line: ds = slope of position-time graph vs = dt dv as = s = slope of velocity-time graph dt tf area under velocity curve sf = si + vs dt = si + ti from ti to tf tf area under acceleration curve vfs = vis + as dt = vis + ti from ti to tf Uniform Motion: sf = si + vs t Uniformly Accelerated Motion: vfs = vis + as t sf = si + vis t + 1 as ( t ) 2 vfs 2 = vis 2 + 2as s Motion on an Inclined Plane : as = g sin
2

Dynamics II: Motion in a Plane

r = xi + yj dr dx dy v= j = vx i + v y j = i+ dt dt dt dv dvx dv y a= i+ j = ax i + a y j = dt dt dt ( Fnet ) x = Fx = max

( Fnet ) y = Fy = ma y

Constant Acceleration : xf = xi + vix t + 1 ax ( t ) 2 vfx = vix +ax t Projectile Motion :

2

yf = yi + viy t + 1 a y ( t ) 2 vfy = viy + a y t

Vectors and Coordinate Systems y A

Ax = Ax i A = Ax + Ay = Ax i + Ay j

Ay = Ay j

xf = xi + vix t vfx = vix = constant

yf = yi + viy t 1 g ( t ) 2 vfy = viy g t vf2y = vi2 2 g ( yf yi ) y

y

y P
S

Relative Motion: rPS = rPS ' + vS ' S t vPS = vPS ' + vS ' S

In the figure above: Ax = A cos Ay = A sin A= A + A

2 x 2 y

A = tan y Ax
1

aPS = aPS '

Need additional help? Then visit the Physics Learning Center located in 228 Fisher. Walk-in hours are Sunday 7:00 9:00 p.m. and Monday through Thursday 3:00 - 9:00 p.m.

Dynamics III: Motion in a Circle

Energy

average angular velocity = t d = dt vt = r

Uniform Circular Motion : 2 r 2 rad = v= T T f = i + t

s r

K = 1 mv 2 2 U g = mgy Emech = K + U K f + U f = K i + U i (conservation of mechanical energy)

sp s

(F )

= k s

U s = 1 k ( s ) 2

Perfectly Elastic 1-D Collisions (m2 initially at rest):

( vfx )1 =

m1 m2 ( vix )1 m1 + m2

( vfx )2 =

2m1 ( vix )1 m1 + m2

v2 = 2r r Nonuniform Circular Motion (constant at ): ar = at = dv dt at 2 ( t ) 2r

Work

f = i + i t + f = i +
at t r

sf F ds = area under the force-position curve s W = si F r = F r cos if F is a constant force K = Wnet = Wc +Wdiss +Wext (work-kinetic energy theorem) U = U f U i = Wc ( i f ) dU ds Eth = K micro + U micro Fs = Eth = Wdiss Esys = K + U + Eth K f + U f + Eth = K i + U i + Wext P= dEsys dt P= dW = F v = Fv cos dt

mv 2 = m 2 r r 0 uniform motion ( Fnet )t = Ft = mat nonuniform motion ( Fnet ) z = Fz = 0

( Fnet )r = Fr = mar =

Newtons Theory of Gravity Newtons Third Law

FM on m = Fm on M = g surface = GM R2 GM r 4 2 3 T2 = r GM GMm r2

FA on B = FB on A

Impulse and Momentum

p = mv tf F (t )dt = area under force curve x J x = ti Favg t p x = J x (impulse-momentum theorem) P = p1 + p2 + p3 + ... Pf = Pi (conservation of momentum)

Circular Orbit: v =

Physical Constants

g = 9.80 m/s 2 G = 6.67 1011 N m 2 / kg 2 M earth = 5.98 1024 kg Rearth = 6.37 106 m

Need additional help? Then visit the Physics Learning Center located in 228 Fisher. Walk-in hours are Sunday 7:00 9:00 p.m. and Monday through Thursday 3:00 - 9:00 p.m.