Basic Drawing

Projections First angle and third angle projection methods are acceptable.

The symbol identifying the type of projection used should be placed in a space provided in the drawing block Views Using Reference Arrows.

Principal View The principal view on which all of the other views are based should be selected as being the most informative. This may be the view which is most recognisable during manufacture or use. i.e. the front view of a house or the side view of a car.

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Lines Used on Drawings.. Description......... . Continuous Thick

Line

Application Outline Edge Intersection.. Dimension.. Projection Leader.. Hatching Limits of Partial or interrupted view Shortened Sections Hidden Outlines Hidden Edges Hidden Outlines Hidden Edges Centre lines Lines of Symmetry Special Surfaces

Continuous Thin

Continuous Freehand Continuous Thin With Zigzags Dashed Thick Dashed Thin Chain Thin Chain Thick

Chain Thin Thick ends

Cutting Planes

Chain Thin double-dashed

Centroidal Lines Initial Outlines Prior to Forming /Machining

FIGURE SHOWING LINETYPES

Line Thicknesses Two thicknesses of line should be used on a drawing. The "thick" line should be at least twice as thick as the "thin" line. The thickness of the line should be based on the sizes... 0,18mm 0,25mm 0,35mm 0,5mm 0,7mm 1,0mm 1.4mm and 2mm Line spacing The minimum space between parallel lines should always be greater than twice the thickness of the heaviest line. Leader Lines Leader Lines terminate

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With a dot if they end within the outline of the item being identified. With an arrow if they end on the outline Without a dot or an arrow when pointing at a dimensions line

Lettering Lettering should all be in capitals and underlining should be avoided. The lettering size should be at least 3mm on the finished drawing/ plot. With the normal paper in landscape orientation and the title block on the bottom right and side, notes to be parallel with the bottom edge. General notes shall be normally grouped together. Notes related to specific views may be located adjacent to the view.

Hatching
Hatching is used to show areas of sections.

In case of large areas the hatching may be limited to a zone following the contour of the hatched area

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Tolerances and Limits Different methods of specifying tolerances
Direct indication on Drawing Reference to general tolerance notes on drawing Reference to a standard containing tolerances Reference to another document

Examples of tolerance notes

Dimensioning of fits

Dimensioning of acceptable deviation of dimensions

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Diagrams of pneumatic and hydraulic components are produced using these symbols as building block combining functional symbols with symbols for variability and operation ...

Basic Symbols
Following are examples of the basic symbols

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Valve Operators
Following are typical symbols associated with Valve Operators

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Energy Conversion Devices

Following are typical symbols associated with Pumps and Motors

Instruments
Following are typical symbols associated with Instruments

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Fluid Conditioning
Following are typical symbols associated with Air Conditioning Units

Fluid Cylinders
Following are typical symbols associated with Fluid Cylinders

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System Pressurisation
Following are typical symbols associated with Fluid System Pressurisation

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