Design 1

HYDRAULIC
DESIGN
Page 13
RURAL WORKS DEPARTMENT (GOVT. OF BIHAR)
Hydrological Calculation of Bridges
RCC T-Girder Bridge
Bridge
Span Arrangement: 3 x 18.75m
Length of Bridge: 58.08 m
Design Discharge: 335.72 cumec.
Design Velocity: 1.124 m/s
Design HFL: 98.710 m
Design FRL: 102.100 m
Page 14
Design Discharge Calculation
HFL at U/S= 98.935 m HFL at D/S= 98.485 m
Longitudinal slope= 0.0015 HFL at B/S= 98.710 m Manning's coeff., n = 0.055
C/S of Chainage 150.0m U/S

Actual Modified Average Horizontal Area, A Difference Wetted Hydraulic Velocity, V = Discharge
Chainage H.F.L Bed Level Bed Level Height Height Distance 6x7 in h Perimeter, P Mean Depth, R ( R2/3 x S1/2 )/ n Q= AxV
(m) (m) (m) h h' x h" sqrt(7*7+9*9) (A/P) m/sec m3/sec
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
0.000 98.935 98.990 98.990 0.000
3.000 98.935 98.085 98.085 0.850 0.425 3.000 1.275 0.850 3.118
6.000 98.935 98.145 98.145 0.790 0.820 3.000 2.460 0.060 3.001
9.000 98.935 98.115 98.115 0.820 0.805 3.000 2.415 0.030 3.000
12.000 98.935 97.285 97.285 1.650 1.235 3.000 3.705 0.830 3.113
15.000 98.935 97.305 97.305 1.630 1.640 3.000 4.920 0.020 3.000
18.000 98.935 97.435 97.435 1.500 1.565 3.000 4.695 0.130 3.003
21.000 98.935 97.185 97.185 1.750 1.625 3.000 4.875 0.250 3.010
24.000 98.935 97.195 97.195 1.740 1.745 3.000 5.235 0.010 3.000
27.000 98.935 96.835 96.835 2.100 1.920 3.000 5.760 0.360 3.022
30.000 98.935 96.605 96.605 2.330 2.215 3.000 6.645 0.230 3.009
33.000 98.935 96.435 96.435 2.500 2.415 3.000 7.245 0.170 3.005
36.000 98.935 96.365 96.365 2.570 2.535 3.000 7.605 0.070 3.001
39.000 98.935 96.370 96.370 2.565 2.568 3.000 7.703 0.005 3.000
42.000 98.935 96.165 96.165 2.770 2.668 3.000 8.003 0.205 3.007
45.000 98.935 96.005 96.005 2.930 2.850 3.000 8.550 0.160 3.004
48.000 98.935 95.980 95.980 2.955 2.942 3.000 8.827 0.025 3.000
51.000 98.935 95.860 95.860 3.075 3.015 3.000 9.045 0.120 3.002
54.000 98.935 95.840 95.840 3.095 3.085 3.000 9.255 0.020 3.000
57.000 98.935 95.685 95.685 3.250 3.173 3.000 9.518 0.155 3.004
60.000 98.935 95.785 95.785 3.150 3.200 3.000 9.600 0.100 3.002
63.000 98.935 96.135 96.135 2.800 2.975 3.000 8.925 0.350 3.020
66.000 98.935 96.265 96.265 2.670 2.735 3.000 8.205 0.130 3.003
69.000 98.935 96.295 96.295 2.640 2.655 3.000 7.965 0.030 3.000
72.000 98.935 96.815 96.815 2.120 2.380 3.000 7.140 0.520 3.045
75.000 98.935 96.825 96.825 2.110 2.115 3.000 6.345 0.010 3.000
78.000 98.935 96.900 96.900 2.035 2.072 3.000 6.217 0.075 3.001
81.000 98.935 97.135 97.135 1.800 1.917 3.000 5.752 0.235 3.009
84.000 98.935 97.275 97.275 1.660 1.730 3.000 5.190 0.140 3.003
87.000 98.935 97.345 97.345 1.590 1.625 3.000 4.875 0.070 3.001
90.000 98.935 97.425 97.425 1.510 1.550 3.000 4.650 0.080 3.001
93.000 98.935 97.455 97.455 1.480 1.495 3.000 4.485 0.030 3.000
96.000 98.935 98.415 98.415 0.520 1.000 3.000 3.000 0.960 3.150
99.000 98.935 98.975 98.975 0.000 0.260 3.000 0.780 0.520 3.045
Avg.depth 2.029 Total 200.865 99.578 2.017 1.12 225.812
Page 15
Bed Level
100.000
99.000
98.000
97.000
96.000
95.000
94.000
0.000
3.000
6.000
9.000
12.000
15.000
18.000
21.000
24.000
27.000
30.000
33.000
36.000
39.000
42.000
45.000
48.000
51.000
54.000
57.000
60.000
63.000
66.000
69.000
72.000
75.000
78.000
81.000
84.000
87.000
90.000
93.000
96.000
99.000
C/S of Chainage 150.0m U/S H.F.L
Page 16
C/S of Chainage B/S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
-15.000 98.710 98.790 98.790 0.000
-12.000 98.710 98.150 98.150 0.560 0.280 3.000 0.840 0.560 3.052
-9.000 98.710 98.090 98.090 0.620 0.590 3.000 1.770 0.060 3.001
-6.000 98.710 98.160 98.160 0.550 0.585 3.000 1.755 0.070 3.001
-3.000 98.710 97.750 97.750 0.960 0.755 3.000 2.265 0.410 3.028
0.000 98.710 97.630 97.630 1.080 1.020 3.000 3.060 0.120 3.002
3.000 98.710 97.345 97.345 1.365 1.223 3.000 3.667 0.285 3.014
6.000 98.710 97.300 97.300 1.410 1.388 3.000 4.162 0.045 3.000
9.000 98.710 96.815 96.815 1.895 1.653 3.000 4.957 0.485 3.039
12.000 98.710 96.690 96.690 2.020 1.958 3.000 5.872 0.125 3.003
15.000 98.710 96.630 96.630 2.080 2.050 3.000 6.150 0.060 3.001
18.000 98.710 96.300 96.300 2.410 2.245 3.000 6.735 0.330 3.018
21.000 98.710 96.100 96.100 2.610 2.510 3.000 7.530 0.200 3.007
24.000 98.710 96.070 96.070 2.640 2.625 3.000 7.875 0.030 3.000
27.000 98.710 95.893 95.893 2.817 2.728 3.000 8.185 0.177 3.005
30.000 98.710 95.710 95.710 3.000 2.908 3.000 8.725 0.183 3.006
33.000 98.710 95.393 95.393 3.317 3.158 3.000 9.475 0.317 3.017
36.000 98.710 95.170 95.170 3.540 3.428 3.000 10.286 0.223 3.008
39.000 98.710 95.350 95.350 3.360 3.450 3.000 10.350 0.180 3.005
42.000 98.710 95.410 95.410 3.300 3.330 3.000 9.990 0.060 3.001
45.000 98.710 95.560 95.560 3.150 3.225 3.000 9.675 0.150 3.004
48.000 98.710 95.410 95.410 3.300 3.225 3.000 9.675 0.150 3.004
51.000 98.710 96.020 96.020 2.690 2.995 3.000 8.985 0.610 3.061
54.000 98.710 96.060 96.060 2.650 2.670 3.000 8.010 0.040 3.000
57.000 98.710 96.030 96.030 2.680 2.665 3.000 7.995 0.030 3.000
60.000 98.710 96.230 96.230 2.480 2.580 3.000 7.740 0.200 3.007
63.000 98.710 96.340 96.340 2.370 2.425 3.000 7.275 0.110 3.002
66.000 98.710 96.240 96.240 2.470 2.420 3.000 7.260 0.100 3.002
69.000 98.710 96.640 96.640 2.070 2.270 3.000 6.810 0.400 3.027
72.000 98.710 96.555 96.555 2.155 2.112 3.000 6.337 0.085 3.001
75.000 98.710 96.675 96.675 2.035 2.095 3.000 6.285 0.120 3.002
78.000 98.710 96.755 96.755 1.955 1.995 3.000 5.985 0.080 3.001
81.000 98.710 96.995 96.995 1.715 1.835 3.000 5.505 0.240 3.010
84.000 98.710 97.405 97.405 1.305 1.510 3.000 4.530 0.410 3.028
87.000 98.710 97.425 97.425 1.285 1.295 3.000 3.885 0.020 3.000
90.000 98.710 97.520 97.520 1.190 1.237 3.000 3.712 0.095 3.002
93.000 98.710 97.545 97.545 1.165 1.177 3.000 3.532 0.025 3.000
96.000 98.710 97.743 97.743 0.967 1.066 3.000 3.198 0.198 3.007
99.000 98.710 97.840 97.840 0.870 0.918 3.000 2.755 0.097 3.002
102.000 98.710 97.955 97.955 0.755 0.812 3.000 2.437 0.115 3.002
105.000 98.710 98.035 98.035 0.675 0.715 3.000 2.145 0.080 3.001
108.000 98.710 98.340 98.340 0.370 0.522 3.000 1.567 0.305 3.015
111.000 98.710 98.740 98.740 0.000 0.185 3.000 0.555 0.370 3.023
Avg.depth 1.901 Total 239.51 126.406 1.895 1.08 258.249
Page 17
Bed Level
100.000
99.000
98.000
97.000
96.000
95.000
94.000
93.000
0.000
3.000
6.000
9.000
-15.000
-12.000
12.000
15.000
18.000
21.000
24.000
27.000
30.000
33.000
36.000
39.000
42.000
45.000
48.000
51.000
54.000
57.000
60.000
63.000
66.000
69.000
72.000
75.000
78.000
81.000
84.000
87.000
90.000
93.000
96.000
99.000
102.000
105.000
108.000
111.000
-9.000
-6.000
-3.000
-15.000
-12.000
Longitudinal slope=
-9.000
-6.000
-3.000
0.0015
0.000
3.000
6.000
9.000
12.000
15.000
18.000
21.000
24.000
27.000
30.000
HFL at B/S= 98.710 m
HFL at U/S= 98.935 m
33.000
36.000
39.000
42.000
45.000
C/S of Chainage B/S
48.000
51.000
54.000
H.F.L
57.000
60.000
HFL at D/S= 98.485 m
63.000
Manning's coeff., n =
66.000
69.000
0.055
72.000
75.000
78.000
81.000
84.000
87.000
90.000
93.000
96.000
99.000
102.000
105.000
108.000
Page 18
111.000
C/S of Chainage 150.0m D/S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
-3.000 98.485 98.655 98.655 0.000
1.000 98.49 97.950 97.950 0.535 0.267 4.000 1.070 0.535 4.036
5.000 98.49 97.420 97.420 1.065 0.800 4.000 3.200 0.530 4.035
9.000 98.49 97.360 97.360 1.125 1.095 4.000 4.380 0.060 4.000
13.000 98.49 97.100 97.100 1.385 1.255 4.000 5.020 0.260 4.008
17.000 98.49 96.980 96.980 1.505 1.445 4.000 5.780 0.120 4.002
21.000 98.49 96.930 96.930 1.555 1.530 4.000 6.120 0.050 4.000
25.000 98.49 97.010 97.010 1.475 1.515 4.000 6.060 0.080 4.001
29.000 98.49 96.850 96.850 1.635 1.555 4.000 6.220 0.160 4.003
33.000 98.49 96.670 96.670 1.815 1.725 4.000 6.900 0.180 4.004
37.000 98.49 96.640 96.640 1.845 1.830 4.000 7.320 0.030 4.000
41.000 98.49 96.550 96.550 1.935 1.890 4.000 7.560 0.090 4.001
45.000 98.49 96.510 96.510 1.975 1.955 4.000 7.820 0.040 4.000
49.000 98.49 96.450 96.450 2.035 2.005 4.000 8.020 0.060 4.000
53.000 98.49 96.235 96.235 2.250 2.143 4.000 8.570 0.215 4.006
57.000 98.49 96.030 96.030 2.455 2.353 4.000 9.410 0.205 4.005
61.000 98.49 95.100 95.100 3.385 2.920 4.000 11.680 0.930 4.107
65.000 98.49 95.170 95.170 3.315 3.350 4.000 13.400 0.070 4.001
69.000 98.49 95.140 95.140 3.345 3.330 4.000 13.320 0.030 4.000
73.000 98.49 95.040 95.040 3.445 3.395 4.000 13.580 0.100 4.001
77.000 98.49 95.020 95.020 3.465 3.455 4.000 13.820 0.020 4.000
81.000 98.49 95.170 95.170 3.315 3.390 4.000 13.560 0.150 4.003
85.000 98.49 95.010 95.010 3.475 3.395 4.000 13.580 0.160 4.003
89.000 98.49 95.320 95.320 3.165 3.320 4.000 13.280 0.310 4.012
93.000 98.49 96.100 96.100 2.385 2.775 4.000 11.100 0.780 4.075
97.000 98.49 96.125 96.125 2.360 2.373 4.000 9.490 0.025 4.000
101.000 98.49 96.285 96.285 2.200 2.280 4.000 9.120 0.160 4.003
105.000 98.49 96.685 96.685 1.800 2.000 4.000 8.000 0.400 4.020
109.000 98.49 96.785 96.785 1.700 1.750 4.000 7.000 0.100 4.001
113.000 98.49 97.335 97.335 1.150 1.425 4.000 5.700 0.550 4.038
117.000 98.49 97.485 97.485 1.000 1.075 4.000 4.300 0.150 4.003
121.000 98.49 97.655 97.655 0.830 0.915 4.000 3.660 0.170 4.004
125.000 98.49 98.195 98.195 0.290 0.560 4.000 2.240 0.540 4.036
129.000 98.49 98.625 98.625 0.000 0.145 4.000 0.580 0.290 4.010
Avg.depth 1.976 Total 260.860 132.420 1.970 1.11 288.665
Page 19
Bed Level
99.000
98.000
97.000
96.000
95.000
94.000
93.000
1.000
5.000
9.000
13.000
17.000
21.000
25.000
29.000
33.000
37.000
41.000
45.000
49.000
53.000
57.000
61.000
65.000
69.000
73.000
77.000
81.000
85.000
89.000
93.000
97.000
101.000
105.000
109.000
113.000
117.000
121.000
125.000
129.000
-3.000
C/S of Chainage 150.0m D/S H.F.L
Page 20
Long Slope
Bead Level, m 95.800
95.600
95.400
95.200
95.000
94.800
94.600
150 m 0m 150 m
U/S B/S D/S
Long Slope
Summary:
Velocity (V, Discharge

S# Loaction Chainage Bed level Long Slope
m/s) (Q, cu.m)
1 U/S 150 m 1.124 225.812 95.685 0.000000

2 B/S 0m 1.078 258.249 95.170 0.003433
3 D/S 150 m 1.107 288.665 95.010 0.001067
Design HFL= 98.710 m

Maximum Velocity= 1.124 m/s
Discharge at B/S = 258.25 cu.m Say 259 cu.m
Average Long slope= 0.0015 Page 21
Discharge by dicken's Formula:
Dickens Formula:
Area of Catchment (A): = 3100 Ha Ánnual Rain Fall: 360.0 mm/hr
Dickens Constant, CD : = 14
3/4
Discharge = CD x (A) = 184 m3/s
Design Discharge = 258.2 m3/s
Regime width = 4.8 x (Q)0.5 = 77.14 m
Discharge by Peak runoff catchment method ( Rational formula):

Rational formula , (Q=.028*P*f*M*Ic)
P - Runoff coefficient = 0.600
f - Mean intensity factor = 0.620
M - Area in hectares = 3100 Ha
Ic - Critical intensity of rainfall in cm/hour = I0*(2/(tc+1))
I0 - Max. hourly rainfall in cm/hour = 10.00 cm/hour L = 8.00 H = 0.500
Time of concentration (tc) = .385*(.87*L/H) = 5.36 Ic = 3.15
Discharge (Q)=(.028*P*f*M*Ic) = 101.552 cumecs
Page 22
Summary of discharge
By area velocity method = 259.00 cumecs
By catchment area method = 183.93 cumecs
By rational formula = 101.55 cumecs
Design discharge = 259.00 cumecs
Page 23
Calculation of Waterway & Scour Depth
Design discharge, Q = 335.72 cumec
Regime width, W = C x sqrt(Q) = = 87.95 m (Where C= 4.8) 57.16701
Width restriction upto 37.0% = 32.54 m 59.50701
Regime width after restriction = 55.41 m
R.L. of HFL = 98.710 m
Design Discharge of the bridge location, Q = 335.72 cumec.
Type of Bridge: RCC T-Girder

Proposed Span Scheme :
Span provided= 18.75 m No. of Span= 3
Hence Total length of the Bridge = 58.1 m
Width of individual pier shaft = 2.00 m Skew angle: 0
Width of obstruction including Abutments = 6.40 m
No. of intermediate supports = 2 Nos.
Bank to Bank Distance at site 53.00 m Actual length= 53.00 m
Effective Linear Waterway (Le) = 51.68 m
HFL = 98.710 m
Q = 335.72 cumec
Le = 51.68 m
Db = 6.50 cumec/m
Ksf = 1.0
S = 0.0015
dsm = 1.34*(Db2/Ksf)^1/3
4.665 m
For abutment, 1.27*dsm = 5.92 m
For Pier, 2*dsm = 9.33 m
RL of scour for Abutment = 92.785 m

RL of scour for Pier = 89.379 m
Top level of Pile cap of Abutment = 97.000 m
Top level of Pile cap of Pier = 95.000 m Hence, scour will penetrate below the Pile cap
Depth of Pile (Abutment) = 22.000 m
Depth of Pile (Pier) = 24.000 m
Calculation of Afflux Height
Proposed Span Scheme :

Hence total length of the bridge for the river proper = 58.08 m
Width of individual pier shaft = 2 m
Width of pile cap = 5.1 m
Width of obstruction = 7.10 m
No. of intermediate supports = 2 Nos.
Effective Linear waterway, Le = 51.68 m
II
II 2 1 A Df
Hs Medium
sandy
dense
silt layer
silty
Deepest
sand Scour Level at RL
2000
Hs27.228m
AFFLUX HEIGHT
Average velocity of flow = V = 1.124 m/sec.
Un-obstructed area of flow = A1 = 58.08 m (Area of flow at bridge site)
Obstructed area of flow = A = 52.08 m 2.25
Afflux at H.F.L. by Molesworth formula :

2
V2 A1
h = + 0.0153 1
17.86 A
Hence, h= 0.021 m. = 21.0 mm
MINIMUM FREE BOARD

Minimum free board recommended = (Vide Clause 106.2.1 of IRC:5) 1.200 m.
Additional free-board required for Afflux = 0.021 m.
Minimum Aflux Considered 0.15 m.
Total Free-board required = 1.350 m, say = 1.35 m.
Design FRL:
Hence soffit level of girder of superstructure = 100.150 m
Depth of superstructure = 1.875 m
FRL already provided= 102.100 m
Thk of wearing course = 0.075 m
Hence deck top level of the bridge = 102.010 m
Page 25
ABUTMENTT
DESIGN
Page 13
ABUTMENT DESIGN
INPUT DATA
1 HYDRAULOGICAL DATA
High Flood Level (HFL) = 98.710 m
Design discharge in cumecs (Q) = 335.72 m3/sec
Vertical Clearance = 1.200 m
Afflux 0.021 m Minimum Aflux Considered = 0.15 m
Freeboard = 1.350 m
Type of Soil (Hard Rock/Rock/Soil) = Soil
Silt Factor (from Soil) = 1.000
Mean Velocity of Water (Vm) (at 0.000 Chainage of River) = 1.124 m/sec
2 SUPERSTRUCTURE
Super Structure Details are addopted from Standard Drawing = 18.75 m RCC T-Beam
Grade of Concrete(Superstructure) = 30 (M)
skew angle = 0 ˚
Finished Road Level (FRL) = 102.100 m
Level at bottom of girder (Bearing level) = 100.150 m
Thickness of CEMENT concrete wearing coat = 0 m
Thickness of BITUMINOUS concrete wearing coat = 0.075 m
Unit weight of bituminous concrete wearing coat = 22 kN/m3
Effective span (c/c of bearing/cross girder/abutment) (Le) = 18.75 m
No. of Span = 3 no
Length between Expansion Gap center to center = 19.360 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall inner face to Deck edge = 0.040 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall outer face to Approach Slab = 0.020 m
Total length of bridge between Inner face of Dirt wall ( Ltotal ) = 58.120 m
Distance between center line of Cross Girder & Deck Edge = 0.285 m
Length of Approach Slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of Approach Slab = 0.300 m
Total Length of Bridge with Approach Slab = 65.960 m
Total width (W) = 8.450 m
Carriageway width = 7.500 m
Provision of Footpath = No Area of footpath
Width of Footpath = 0.000 m 0 m2
Width of Kerb (bk) = 0.475 m
Width of Crash Barrier (bc) = 0.000 m
Ht. of Kerb (hk) = 0.300 m
Ht. of Railing with kerb (hc) = 1.550 m
Area of Crash Barrier = 0.000 m2
Depth of Girder (Including Deck Slab) at mid point = 1.875
Depth of Girder (Excluding Deck Slab) = 1.620 m
Thickness of deck slab at end = 0.130 m
Thickness of deck slab at mid point = 0.255 m
Length of Cantilever portion of deck slab = 0.750 m
Camber in deck slab = 2.5 % (both side camber)
Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m3
Grade of Steel = 500 (Fe)
ABUTMENT DESIGN
3 GIRDER DETAILS
No. of Longitudinal Girder = 3 no 1.79
No. of Cross Girder in one span = 3 no
Length of Centre line of bearing to Girder End = 0.75
Total Longitudinal Girder length end to end in one Span = 19.41
Length of the straight part of the Girder at support = 0.75 m
Length of the varying part of the Girder = 0.90 m
Length of the middle part = 16.11 m
Distance between center line of Longituding Girder = 2.500 m
Ht of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.25 m
Width of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.625 m
Ht of Trapizoidal portion in Bulb = 0.15 m
Thickness of Web of Longitudinal Girder = 0.325 m
Ht. of cross Girder = 1.220 m
Thickness of cross Girder = 0.300 m
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at mid portion = 3.477 m2
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at end portion = 4.516 m2
C.G. Distance of Girder Section (with Deck) from Bottom of Girder = 1.135 m
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Pier = 1950.000 kN
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Abutment = 975.000 kN
4 SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION

Grade of Concrete(Substructure & Foundation) = 30 (M)
2
Young's modulus of Concrete, Ecm = 31000 N/mm
(From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Reinforcement
Grade of steel = 500 (Fe 500)
No of Abutment = 2 no
No of Pier = 2 no
FOR ABUTMENT
Type of Foundation = Pile foundation
Existing Ground Level (EGL) at A1 = 97.700 2.500 Excava
Existing Ground Level (EGL) at A2 = 97.500 2.300 tion
Top of pilecap = 97.000 m
Maximum Scour Level = 92.785 m
Bottom of Foundation/Pile Cap at Abutment Location = 95.200 m
Depth of Foundation at Abutment from Lowest EGL = m
Abutment Shaft
Thickness of Abutment Wall at top = 1.200 m
Thickness of Abutment Wall at bottom 1.200 m
Avg. Thickness of Abutment Wall = 1.200 m
Length of Abutment Wall = 8.450 m
Abutment Cap
Length of Abutment Cap = 8.450 m
Width of Abutment cap = 1.325 m
Height of Abutment cap = 0.800 m
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Dirt Wall & Return Wall

Thickness of Dirt Wall = 0.400 m
Length of Dirt Wall = 8.450 m
Length of Return Wall = 3.500 m
Thickness of Return Wall at Edge = 0.300 m
Thickness of Return Wall at Face = 0.500 m
Abutment Foundation
Foundation Shape (Rectangle/Tappered) = Rectangle
Total Width of Abutment Foundation = 5.100 m
Width of Abutment Foundation at Toe Side = 1.950 m
Length of Abutment Foundation = 12.300 m
Thickness of Abutment Foundation at Abutment Face = 1.800 m
Thickness of Abutment Foundation at Edge = 1.800 m
Area of Tappered Foundation = 0.000 m2
Area of Rectangular Foundation = 9.180 m2
C.G of Trapizoidal part of Foundation from foundation bottom = 0.000 m
C.G of Rectangular part of Foundation from foundaion bottom = 0.900 m
C.G of Foundation = 0.900 m
Pile and pile cap :-

Diameter of piles = = 1.200 m
Height of pile cap = = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = = 12.300 m
Width of pile cap = = 5.100 m
Length Pile= = 22.00 m
Vertical Capacity= 2400 KN Hor. Capacity = 350.00 Kn
5
DETAILS OF BEARING AND ARRESTER BLOCK
Bearing Type ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot cum PTFE ) = Elastomeric
Bearing on Abt ( Elastomeric/ Rocker/Roller/ Pot/Pot cum PTFE ) = Elastomeric
Bearing on Pier ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot PTFE/Pot-Pot/Rocker-Rocker ) = Elastomeric
No. of Bearing at Abutment 3 no
No. of Bearing at Pier 6 no
Height of Bearing at C/L of slab = 0.084
Hight of Pedestal below centre Bearing = 0.15
a)
For Elastomeric Bearing
Length of Bearing (along road width ) = 0.50 m
Width of Bearing (along bridge length) = 0.32 m
Height of Bearing = 0.084 m
Maximum Height of Pedestal at Bearing side = 0.15 m
Length Width
M X M
6 M X M
SEISMIC ZONE
Seismic Zone = IV 0.24
Importance Factor = 1.2
ABUTMENT DESIGN
From IRC:6 (Page - 23,Clause - 211)

Live Load For Calculations Crowd Load
Effective Span (M) 18.750 3 Lane IRC CLASS A 1 Lane 70R WHEEL 1 Lane 70R TRACKED Footpath LL(kN/m2)
IMPACT FACTOR 0.182 0.182 0.100 4.000
Multiplying Factor 1.182 1.182 1.100
Coefficient of linear Thermal Expansion = 0.0000117 per degree centegrade

Shrinkage Cofeeicient = 2.00E-04
From IRC:5 (Page - 16,Clause -106.2.1)
Design Minimum
Discharge Clearance (mm)
0.3 to 3 450
3 to 30 600
30 to 300 900
300 to 3000 1200
above 3000 1500
From IRC:6 (Page - 51,Table- 5,Clause - 222.5)

ZONE
ZONE NO.
FACTOR
Type of Bridge Importance Factor for Bridges

II 0.10
III 0.16 Normal Bridges 1.0
IV 0.24 Important Bridges 1.2
V 0.36 Large Critical Bridges 1.5
Wind Calculation:
Basic Wind speed = 50 m/s
wind speed 33 m/s,
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstruction
H (m) Vz (m/s)Pz (N/m2)Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5

15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2
50 33.1 569.2 24.9 370.4
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9
70 34 693.6 26.2 412.8
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6
ABUTMENT DESIGN
H = avg. Height from Ground/water lev.

Vz = Hourly mean speed of wind at Ht. H
Pz = Horizontal wind mean speed of wind at Ht. H
Height of the superstructure = 8.450 m ~ 10 m

so,
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstruction
H (m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 42.12 1064.5 26.97 437.33
Super Structure:
Gust Factor = 2.00 No of beam b/d Value of CD
Deck Type = deck supported by plate girder Slab Bridge >=10 1.1
no. of girder = more than two single 2
Deck supported by beam or box girder 1.5
b= 18.75 m >=6 1.3
d= 1.62 m two or more 1.95
c= 2.50 m Deck supported by plate girder single 2.2
b/d = 11.57 two or more 2.2
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Drag Coefficient = 1.95

Drag Coefficient = 1.3 d/b CD for pier t/b ratio of
1 2 4 6 10 20 40
<= 0.25 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2
< 0.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2 2
< .67 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2 2
<1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2
< 1.5 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2
<2 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1
<3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1
>=4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1
square or Octagonal 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1
12 side POLYGON 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 1.1 1
circle with smooth surface 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1
circle with rough surface 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1 1
Thermal Calculation:
Thermal co-efficient of RCC (α) = 1.20E-05 /8C (Clause 215.4, IRC:6-2010, page-42)
Temperature variation at our location of bridge = 42.50 /8C (Fig. 8&9, IRC:6-2010, pages-39,40)
= t/2 21.25 /8C
So, movement of deck due to temperature variation = L.α.t 0.004 m

= 3.825 mm
ABUTMENT DESIGN
ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT
Basic design data:-
a) Superstructure:-
Formation level = 102.100 m
Overall length of Bridge= 58.92 m
Span ( c/c of expansion joint) = 19.360 m
Distance between C/l of bearing to C/l of exp. joint = 0.305 m
Effective span (C/C of bearing) = 18.750 m
Clear carraige way width = 7.500 m
Depth of girder+deck slab at CL of carraigeway = 1.875 m
Thickness of bituminous concrete Wearing Coat (on carriageway)= 0.075 m
b) Hydraulic and survey data :-
H.F.L = 98.710 m
Lowest Bed Level, LBL 97.300 m
Max. scour level = 92.785 m ( Non seismic case)
c) Sub-structure :-
Bearing and pedestal :
Level of bearings = 100.15 m.
Thickness of bearing = 0.084 m
Thickness of pedestal = 0.150 m
Maximum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.234 m
d) Abutment cap :
Top of abutment Cap = 99.916 m
Bottom of Abutment cap = 99.116 m
Length of abutment Cap = 8.450 m
Thickness of abutment cap for rectangular section = 0.800 m
Width of abutment cap at top (including dirt wall part) = 1.325 m
Width of abutment cap at bottom = 1.325 m
abutment shaft :
Total length of abutment shaft = 8.45 m
Thickness of abutment wall = 1.200 m
Height of abutment wall = 2.116 m
Height of frame at abutment location = 3.150 m
Dirt wall :
Thikcness of Dirt wall = 0.400 m
Height of Dirt wall = 2.109 m
Length of dirt wall = 8.450 m
Return wall :
Width of Return wall = (avg.) 0.400 m
Length of return wall = 3.500 m
Height of return wall = 4.650 m
Pile and pile cap :
Diameter of pile = 1.2 m
Thickness of pile cap = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = 12.30 m
Width of pile cap = 5.10 m
Bottom of pile cap = 95.200 m
Top of pile Cap = 97.000 m
Top of pile = 95.350 m
Approach Slab :
Length of approach slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At mid-section)
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At edge)
d) Material Properties :
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Cement concrete Wearing Coat (on footpath)= M 30
3
Unit Weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Cement concrete Wearing Coat = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Bituminous concrete Wearing Coat = 22 KN/m
ABUTMENT DESIGN
e) Soil property:-
3
Density of soil = 20.00 KN/m
Angle of Shearing resistance of backfill soil = 30o
Property of Backfill material behind Abutment and Return wall
o
f= 30.00
o
d= 20.00
o
a= 0.00
o
i= 0.00
3
g= 20.00 KN/m
LOAD CALCULATIONS
Permanent Load :
Self Weight/Dead Load
Dead Load from super-structure = 1950 KN

So, dead load in one abutment = 975 KN
Self weight of dirt wall = ( 8.45 m x 2.109 m x 0.4 m x 25 )= 178.2105 KN
Line of action of load from center of abutment = -0.525 m
Self weight of Abutment Cap = ( 8.45 m x 1.325 m x 0.8 m x 25 )= 223.925 KN
Self weight of abutment shaft = ( 8.45 m x 2.116 m x 1.2 m x 25 )= 536.406 KN
Self weight of pile cap = ( 12.3 m x 1.8 m x 5.1 m x 25 )= 2822.85 KN
Self weight of return wall = ( 2 x 3.5m x 0.4m x 4.64999999999999m x 25 )= 325.5 KN
Backfill Weight
Weight of backfill above the heel side of the abutment pile cap =
( 11.5mx1.95mx4.19999999999999mx20)= 1883.7 KN
Distance of center of load from abutment center = 1.575 m
Earth Pressure
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Static)
cos2(f-a) = 0.75
cos2a = 1.00
cos(d+a) = 0.94
cos(a-i) = 1.00
sin(f+d) = 0.77
sin(f-i) = 0.50
Ka = 0.279
Considering dirt wall
Height of Dirt wall = H = 2.109 m
2.109
0.886
11.77 KN/m2
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x2.109 = 11.77 KN/m
Total load on dirt wall = 104.86 KN
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 0.886 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Moment at dirt wall base = 92.884 KN-m
Considering abutment wall :

Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 5.025 m
Length of abutment wall = 8.45 m
Height from pile cap bottom to deck level = 6.825 m
ABUTMENT DESIGN
5.03
2.11
2
26.561 KN/m
Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x5.025 = 28.040 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 595.30 KN (Considering abutment bottom)
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 2.111 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Acting at a ht of = 2.111 m ( from base of abutment )
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x6.825 = 38.084 KN/m2
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 1098.16 KN (Considering pile cap bottom)
Acting at a ht of = 0.42 m of total height = 2.87 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment at the base of abutment due to earth pressure = 1256.372 KN-m
Total moment at the base of pile cap due to earth pressure = 3147.8800 KN-m
Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads
Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)
Live load on Footpath = 0 kN 0

Wt. of Inner Kerb = 0 kN 137.94
Wt. of Railing = 49.68 kN
Wt. of Outer Kerb = 204.93 kN
Utility Portion = 66.24 kN
TOTAL SIDL LOAD = 320.85 kN
Super Imposed Dead Load acting on abutment = 160 kN
Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Surfacing or loading on abutment due to cement concrete wearing coat = (19.36m x 7.5m x 0.075m x 22) KN
(For carriageway) = 119.79 KN
So,on one abutment total surfacing load or load due to wearing coat = 119.79 KN
Vehicular Live Load
Carriageway Live load

(I) 2 lanes of Class-A
(II) 2 lane of 70R Tracked
(III) 2 lane of 70R Wheel
1 Type of Loading = Class A train of vehicle.
A) One Span Loaded
Span, Le = 18.750 m Case - 1: One Lane / one span loaded.
Lc = 0.285 m Minimum Clearence = 150 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of ground contact (In transverse direction) = 500 mm
Impact Factor = 1.182 Width of crash barrier & kerb = 475 mm
Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
114 114 68 68 68 68
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 4.54
0.285 18.7500 0.285

Rb Ra
0.875 1.8
ABUTMENT DESIGN
4.225 eT 4.225
Maximum Reaction = Rb = 419.9 kN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0m
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.

Minimum clearence = 1200 mm between two outer edges of vehicle.
CG of Load
0.95
0.475 0.4 1.2 0.35
1.8 1.45
4.225 4.225
456
Maximum Reaction = 839.8 kN
2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70R Tracked + Class A
Span, Le = 19 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.285 m Width of ground contact = 840 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 475 mm
Impact factor = 1.100 Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m

4.57
0.29 18.7500 0.29

Rb Ra
ABUTMENT DESIGN
70R Tracked Loading 1.11

350 350
0.475 1.2 1.2

0.84 0.84
4.225 4.225
700
Maximum Reaction for 70R Tracked = Rb = 696.7 kN
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 696.7 kN

3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70 R Wheel + Class A
Span, Le = 19 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.285 m Width of ground contact = 860 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 475 mm
Impact factor = 1.182 Width of carriageway = 7.5 m
170 170 170 170 120 120 80

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 5.64
0.29 18.7500 0.29

Rb Ra
Maximum reaction = Rb = 876.96 kN
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 876.96 kN
max longitudinal eccentricity = eL = 0.00 m
ABUTMENT DESIGN
70R Wheeled Loading

170 170
0.475 1.2 0.86 0.86

1.07
4.225 4.225
340
max transverse eccentricity = eT = 1.16 m
Vehicular live load

Detail analysis of vehicular live loads are done in previous pier analysis sheets
Load cases considered for abutment are tabulated bellow :
Load due to
Load due to RA eL eT ML MT
CASE additional
main wheel (kN) (m) (m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
wheel
CLASS A
1000 0 839.78 0 0.950 0 797.792
TWO LANE SINGLE SPAN
700 0 696.667 0 1.110 0 773.300

70R TRACKED
70R WHEELED 1000 0 876.962 0 1.155 0 1012.891
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Longitudinal Forces
Calculation of Braking Forces ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2017, page-37)
Case - I Case - III Case - V

Braking force line of action
1.2m Class A -
TWO lane / 70R Wh.
one span 70R Tr. one Load one
loaded span loaded span loaded
a Total Load kN = 500 700 1000
b Braking force Fh kN = 100 140 200
c Braking force at Abutment side Fh kN = 100.00 140.00 200.00
d Breaking forces at bearing level kN = 90.900 110.900 140.900
e ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.075 0.075 0.075
f Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 3.075 3.075 3.075
g Moment at bearing level kN-m = 307.50 430.50 615.00
h Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 15.883 22.237 31.767
i For moment at Abt. base, lever arm m = 3.150 3.150 3.150
j Longitudinal moment at Abt. base due to bearing force kN-m = 201.00 192.02 205.02
Calculation of shear rating of support

Type of bearing at support = Elastomeric
For a simply supported span sitting on identical elastomeric bearing at each end resting on unyielding supports,
Force at each end = Fh/2 + (Vr x Itc) ( Ref:IRC:6-2000,clause214.5.1.4,where, Vr = shear rating ,Itc = movement
of deck above bearing other than that due to applied load )
Size Elastomeric Bearing (in cm)= = 50 x 32 x 8.4
No of girder = 3
No of bearing pad taking load = 3
ThickNess of neoprene that taking shear = 4.80 cm
Shear Modulus = 10 Kg/cm2
Shear Rating (Vr) = 10000 Kg/cm
Movement of deck (Itc) = = 0.409 cm ( Due to temperature and shrinkage )
50
8.4 0.6
50 8.4
32
0.6
Force on Pier in Non-Seismic case = (Fh/2 + Vr.Itc) Where Fh = Braking Force on Pier
Hence Force on Abutment cap in Non-Seismic Condition
( Case I ) = 100/2 + (10000 x 0.409/100) = 90.900 KN
( Case III ) = 140/2 + (10000 x 0.409/100) = 110.900 KN
( Case V ) = 200/2 + (10000 x 0.409/100) = 140.900 KN
Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :
Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 6.70 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC 6-2017,page-37)
Considering dirt wall :

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 14.122 KN
Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

load surcharge = 125.833 KN-m
ABUTMENT DESIGN
2.109
1.055
2
6.70 KN/m
Considering Abutment Shaft

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 284.321 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 386.167 KN (For pile cap base)
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Moment at base of abutment wall due to live

Moment at base of pile cap due to live
5.025 load surcharge = 1317.794 KN-m
2.513
6.70 KN/m2
Wind load calculation:
(As per IRC 6-2017, clause 209, page-33)
pz = 463.7 N/m2 (From IRC:6-2014, table 5, for 33m/s basic wind speed)
Basic wind speed at bridge location = 50 m/s
Actual hourly mean wind pressure = 1.06 KN/m2
Wind force = Area x pz x G x ( CD or CL )
= Area x pz'
= Area x 4.152 KN/m2 for super-structure
Where G = 2.00
CD = 1.95 for super-structure (from table 5, IRC:6-2014, page-33)
1.3 for abutment shaft
CL = 0.75 (Lift co-efficient)
Wind load as per clause 209, IRC 6-2017
a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 36.3000 m2
FT = 150.703 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 37.68 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 163.6 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = 123 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2014, bridge shall not be
considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec.
c Wind force on Substructure:
Abutment Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp. Hortz. Comp.
Exposed area = 1.06 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 2.9 kN structure Transverse 122.69 150.70
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 37.68
Exposed area = 6.8 m2
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Seismic Hazards
Seismic Zone of bridge location = IV

Zone factor, Z = 0.24 (Table 7, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Seismic importance factor of the structure I = 1.2 (Table 8, IRC:6-2014, page-55)
Average response acceleration co-efficient (Sa/g) 2.5 (Clause 219.5.1, IRC:6-2014, page-54)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah
= (Z/2)X (I)X(Sa/g)/R = 0.360 /R
Where R is response reduction factor to be considered
Is ductile detailing to be done ? Yes
Value of R for sub-structure = 3
Hence horizontal seismic co-efficient (Ah) for sub-structure = 0.12
Horizontal seismic force, Feq = Ah.(Dead Load+Appropriate Live Load)
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Seismic force due to dead load

(Inertia loads due to self-mass generated in bridge structure by ground acceleration)
A. Seismic on Superstructure:
Seismic forces in super-structure and SIDL without surfacing is done in previous pier calculation sheets
Dead Load from super-structure and SIDL without surfacing = = 1135 KN
C.G. Distance of Girder Section (with Deck) from Bottom of Girder = 1.135 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah x (Total Dead Load)= 136.25 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support Fh/2 = 68.13 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 101.285 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.135 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 77.29 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 3.992 KN
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 4.284 m
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 291.884 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh/2 = 68.13 KN ………..r2
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 291.88 KN-m ……Mx
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Vertical component of seismic force = 45.417 KN …r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 102.18825 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 102.18825 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = 86.2923 KN
Design longitudinal moment at Abutment base= Mz + 0.3Mx = 379.448816 KN-m
Design transeverse moment at Abutment base = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 379.448816 KN-m
Design longitudinal moment at bottom of pile-cap= Mz + 0.3Mx = 538.86 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap=0.3 Mz + Mx = 538.86 KN-m
B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 119.790 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 1.913 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah*(Total Dead Load) = 14.375 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support =Fh/2 = 7.187 KN ………r1
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.91 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 13.75 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 0.71 KN
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 36.39 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction taken by one support = 7.187 KN ………..r2
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 36.39 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 4.792 KN ……r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 10.7811 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 10.7811 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz+ 0.3Mx = 47.302 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 47.30 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap= 0.3Mz + Mx = 64.12 KN-m
C. Seismic on Dirt wall :

CG of the dirt wall from top of pile cap = 3.171 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_dirt wall = 21.39 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 100.171 m RL
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base = 67.802 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_dirt wall = 21.39 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at Abutment base = 67.802 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
= 14.257 KN ………r3

Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1 ±0.3r2 ±0.3r3 = 32.07789 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1 ±r2 ±0.3r3 = 32.07789 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 88.143 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 88.143 KN-m
ABUTMENT DESIGN
D. Seismic on Abutment Cap:

CG of the abutment cap from top of pile cap = 2.516 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_cap = 26.87 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment = = 67.607 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 26.87 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment = 67.607 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
= 17.914 KN ………r3
E. Seismic on Abutment Shaft:

CG of the abutment shaft from top of pile cap = 1.058 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x A_shaft = 64.37 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base = 68.10 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 64.37 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at Abutment base = 68.10 KN-m ……..Mx
= 42.912 KN ………r3

F. Seismic on Return Walls:

CG of the return walls from top of pile cap 2.325 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x R_walls 39.06 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL 99.325 m RL
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base 90.814 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x R_walls 39.06 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL 99.325 m RL
Transeverse moment at Abutment base 90.814 KN-m ……..Mx
= 26.040 KN ………r3

ABUTMENT DESIGN
G. Seismic on Pile Cap :

CG of the pile cap from bottom of pile cap = = 0.900 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pile cap = 338.74 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment at bottom of pile cap = 304.868 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pile cap = 338.74 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at bottom of pile cap = 304.868 KN-m ……..Mx
= 225.828 KN ………r3

ABUTMENT DESIGN
H. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2014, page-55)

(Inertia loads due to mass of vehicular live load)
20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL Lever arm Transver vertical

(KN) seismic force at (+1.20) at se force
Abutment moment compon
Live Load Case
base at ent
Abutme
sl. No. nt base
For Class-A Class A 70R
2 Two lane class A/ one span loaded 167.96 0.120 20.15 103.30 6.30 126.97 13.44
For IRC class 70R Tracked
5 Two lane 70R TR one span loaded 139.33 0.120 16.72 103.30 6.30 105.34 11.15
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
7 Two lane 70R Wh. one span loaded 175.39 0.120 21.05 103.30 6.30 132.60 14.03
I. Increased Earth Pressure due to Seismic
Calculation of Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient …..(Clause 8, IS:1893-1984, page-46)

Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Ah = 0.12
Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Av = 0.08
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Dynamic)
For +Av : For -Av :

1+Av = 1.080 1-Av = 0.920
l= tan-1{Ah/(1+Av)}= 6.3402 o
l = tan-1{Ah/(1-Av)} = 7.4314 o
cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8390 cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8527

cos(d+a+l) = 0.8962 cos(d+a+l) = 0.8876
cos(a-i) = 1.0000 cos(a-i) = 1.0000
cosl = 0.9939 cosl = 0.9916
cos2a = 1.0000 cos2a = 1.0000
sin(f+d) = 0.7660 sin(f+d) = 0.7660
sin(f-i-l) = 0.4013 sin(f-i-l) = 0.3838
Ca = 0.405 Ca = 0.359
Maximum of these two = 0.405 to be considered
Considering dirt wall portion

2.109
1.055
5.3 KN/m2
Dynamic increment :
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 5.3 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 47.23 KN
Acting at =2.109x.5 1.055 m
(Clause-8.1.1.2,IS:1893-1984,Page-47)
Bending moment increment for dynamic condition= 420.81 KNm

ABUTMENT DESIGN
5.025
2.51
11.760 KN/m2
Dynamic increment
2
Earth pressure at abutment base due to backfill = 12.62 KN/m
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 267.93 KN (For abutment shaft)
Acting at a ht. of = 2.51 m ( from base of abutment )
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 444.84 KN (from bottom of pile cap)
Acting at a ht. of = 3.41 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment increment at the base of abutment due to Earth pressure = 673.18 KN-m
Total moment increment at the base of pile cap due to Earth pressure = 1518.00 KN-m
Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :
Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 3.01 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Considering dirt wall :

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 53.641 KN
Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

2.109
1.055
2
3.01 KN/m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 127.808 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 173.590 KN (For pile cap bnase)
Moment at base of abutment wall due to live

Moment at base of pile cap due to live
5.025
2.513
3.01 KN/m2
J. Effects of liquefaction of soils :
Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength
of piles are determined and considered during design of piles.
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Load combination at abutment base:-
SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 975
ii Self weight of dirt wall 178.21 -0.53 -93.561
iii Self weight of abutment cap 223.93 -0.06 -13.995
iv Self weight of abutment wall 536.41 0.00 0.000
v Self weight of return wall 325.5 -2.35 -764.925
vi Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 595.30 2.11 1256.372
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 160
ii Surfacing 119.790
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 839.8 0.00 797.79
iii 70R TRACKED 696.7 0.00 773.30
v 70R WHEELED 877.0 0.00 1012.89
i Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 15.9 190.90 3.150 601.34
iii 70R TRACKED 22.2 250.90 3.150 790.34
v 70R WHEELED 31.8 340.90 3.150 1073.84
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 284.32 1.05 299.82
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 86.29 102.19 102.19 379.45 379.45
b) Surfacing 9.10 10.78 10.78 10.78 10.78
c) on dirt wall 27.09 32.08 32.08 88.14 88.14
d) on abutment cap 34.04 40.31 40.31 87.89 87.89
e) on abutment wall 81.53 96.55 96.55 88.53 88.53
f) on return wall 49.48 58.59 58.59 118.06 118.06
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 15.57
Seismic forces for Live Load
iii 70R TRACKED 11.1 16.72 6.30 105.34
v 70R WHEELED 14.0 21.05 6.30 132.60
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 122.69 37.68 150.70 4.16 627.30
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 267.93 2.51 673.18
Increased surcharge earth pressure due to seismic 127.808 2.513 321.12
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Load combination at Bottom of Pile Cap level (For pile) :-
SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 975.00
ii Self weight of dirt wall 178.21 -93.561
iii Self weight of abutment cap 223.93 -14.00
iv Self weight of abutment wall 536.41 0.00
v Self weight of return wall 325.5 -764.92
vi Self weight of pile cap 2822.9
vii Back Fill weight on pile cap 1883.7 -3594.36
viii Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 1098.16 2.87 3147.88
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 160.425
ii Surfacing 119.790
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 710.47 0.00 674.95
iii 70R TRACKED 633.33 0.00 703.00
v 70R WHEELED 741.93 0.00 856.93
Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
iii 70R TRACKED 22.24 250.90 4.95 1241.96
v 70R WHEELED 31.77 340.90 4.95 1687.46
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 386.17 3.41 1317.79
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 107.87 127.74 127.74 538.86 538.86
b) Surfacing 9.10 10.78 10.78 64.12 64.12
c) on dirt wall 27.09 32.08 32.08 138.18 138.18
d) on abutment cap 34.04 40.31 40.31 150.77 150.77
e) on abutment wall 81.53 96.55 96.55 239.16 239.16
f) on return wall 49.48 58.59 58.59 209.46 209.46
g) on pile cap 429.07 508.11 508.11 396.33 396.33
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 19.46
Seismic forces for Live Load
iii 70R TRACKED 11.15 16.72 8.10 135.43
v 70R WHEELED 14.03 21.05 8.10 170.48
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 122.69 37.68 150.70 5.96 898.56
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 444.836 3.41 1518.00
Increased surcharge earth pressure seismic 173.590 3.41 592.38
ABUTMENT DESIGN
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2239.04 -872.48 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 119.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 839.78 0.00 797.79 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 696.67 0.00 773.30 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 876.96 0.00 1012.89 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/1S) LL1 15.88 601.34 0.00 190.90 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 22.24 790.34 0.00 250.90 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 31.77 1073.84 0.00 340.90 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 1256.37 0.00 595.30 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 299.82 0.00 284.32 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 287.53 772.85 772.85 340.50 340.50
Seismic Class A(3L/1S) LL1 13.44 0.00 126.97 0.00 20.15
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.15 0.00 105.34 0.00 16.72
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.03 0.00 132.60 0.00 21.05
Wind load 122.69 0.00 627.30 37.68 150.70
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 673.18 0.00 267.93 0.00
Increased EP surch. due to Sis. 0.00 321.12 0.00 127.81 0.00
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 LL 1.50
Braking LL 1.15 Braking LL 1.15
EP 1.50 EP 1.50
EP LL surcharge 1.20 EP LL surcharge 1.20
WL 1.50
SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu

1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 4726.85 1758.02 1196.69 1453.66 0.00
NON SEISMIC

4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 4910.89 1758.02 2137.64 1510.18 226.05
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 4542.81 1758.02 255.74 1397.15 -226.05
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S2823.40 2331.27 899.83 1426.58 360.65
SEISMIC
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 2806.79 1829.92 772.85 1203.72 340.50
ABUTMENT DESIGN
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2239.04 -872.48 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 119.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 839.78 0.00 797.79 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 696.67 0.00 773.30 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 876.96 0.00 1012.89 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 22.24 790.34 0.00 250.90 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 31.77 1073.84 0.00 340.90 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 1256.37 0.00 595.30 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.15 0.00 105.34 0.00 16.72
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.03 0.00 132.60 0.00 21.05
Wind load 122.69 0.00 627.30 37.68 150.70
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1.00 SIDL 1.00
LL 1.00 LL 1.00
EP 1.00 EP 1.00
WL 1.00
SEISMIC CASE
A C
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge
10006.54 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu

NON SEISMIC

ABUTMENT DESIGN
ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN
Total Ultimate Loads (Loads in KN, moments in KN-m)

Load Case Vu MLu MTu
12 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 8481.52 2425.8 905.45
6 Maximum vertical load case 4984.93 2301.4 2460.3
11 Minimum vertical load case 2822.38 2369.1 878.2
13 Unloaded case 2806.79 1829.9 772.85
Section is checked at abutment base
Length of abutment = 8.450 m

Abutment stem thickness at bottom = 1.2 m
2
Area of section = 10.14 m
Grade of concrete : M 30
Ecm of concrete = 31000 N/mm2 (From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Es of steel = 200000 N/mm2 (From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 32)
Design compressive strength of concrete = sc = fcd = afck/gm = 13.400 N/mm2

(From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 49)
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 N/mm2
Checking as wall:
Ref. Cl-7.6.4.1, IRC-112:2011
0.1.fcd.Ac= 13587.6 kN
Maximum Design verical Load= 4984.93 kN
The section is to be designed for pure bending element also.
Checking for pure Bending:
Design moment = 2425.77 KN-m
Width of section = 8.45 m
Depth of section = 1.2 m
Concrete failure strain = εcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = εc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418
Total reinforcement provided = 18212 mm2

Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1115 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )= 86.81 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.045 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 508.44 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok, proceed
CG of compressive force = 36.113 mm from most compressed surface
Moment of resistance, Mu =0.87*fy*Ast*(d-0.416*xu) =
8547.18 kN-m OK
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Slenderness criteria check:

Clear height of Abutment shaft = 2.116 m (upto abutment cap top)
Effective length, l e = 1.3l 0 = 2.7508 5
Now thickness of the wall, t = 1.2 m

Ratio of effective length to its thickness, l e /t = 2.292
As the ratio does not exceed 12, it is short and no secondary effect to be considered
(clause 7.6.4, IRC:112-2011, page-57)
1 Analysis of section longitudinal direction : ( Check for load combination case 3 )

2
Provide 20 mm dia. Bar 58 nos 18212 mm
2
+ 16 mm dia. Bar 58 nos 11655.68 mm
2
and 20 mm dia. Bar 9 nos 2826 mm
2
+ 20 mm dia. Bar 9 nos 2826 mm
Effective cover = 85 mm
The section is divided into 8 segments. Depth of each = 150 mm
2
Area of reinforcement in segment 1 = 18840 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 2 to 7 628 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 8 18840 mm
2
total area of steel = 29867.68 mm
ABUTMENT DESIGN
% of steel = 0.30
P / fck = 0.010 section about longituidinal (xx) axis -
Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.071 ~ 0.10
2
so, Mu / fck x b x d = 0.040 fy = 500
so, Mux1 = 14601.6 kN-m use chart no. 36
section about transverse (yy) axis -

Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.010 ~ 0.05
2
so, Mu / fck x b x d = 0.03 fy = 500
so, Muy1 = 77114.7 kN-m use chart no. 35
Interaction check
(MEdx/MRdx)â+(MEdy/MRdy)â<= 1 (Eq. 8.3, IRC:112-2011,page-75)

6 = L/C - 12 L/C - 6 L/C - 13 L/C - 11
MEdx = Design moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 2425.77 2301.4 1829.9 2369.1
MEdy = Design moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 905.45 2460.29 772.85 878.19
MRdx = Resisting moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 14601.60 14601.60 14601.60 14601.60
MRdy = Resisting moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 77114.7 77114.7 77114.7 77114.7
NEd = Design axial force = KN 8481.52 4984.93 2806.79 2822.38
NRd = Design axial resistance = KN 148461.7 148461.72 148461.72 148461.72
NEd/NRd = 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Type of cross section of abutment = Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular
a= 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
(MEdx/MRdx)â+(MEdy/MRdy)â = 0.20 0.19 0.14 0.17
Check = OK OK OK OK
ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN (SLS)
Load Case Vu MLu MTu

3 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 3427.98508 1757.5 1012.8912
6 Maximum vertical load case 3550.68 1757.5426 1640.1903
8 Minimum vertical load case 3115.47 1474.0426 146.00084
Stress level check:
Grade of concrete = M 30
Width of section considered = 1m
Section is checked for SLS

Design moment = 207.99 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Modular ratio in tension = 9.3
Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
ABUTMENT DESIGN
2
Total reinforcement provided = 2162 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 192.89 mm
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force)
So, stress in steel = 91.6 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Total force = 198.0 KN
Stress in concrete = 2.1 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

sm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
cm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 91.58 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.4516
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.5 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
Where, A = level of steel centroid
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
So, hc.eff = 212.5 mm

2
Ac.eff = 212500 mm
Now. rr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.0101722
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
Where, f = diameter of bar = 25 mm c = clear cover = 75 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = coefficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 672.805 mm
And, sm-cm = -0.0001968
Minimum value of sm - cm = 0.0002747
So, governing value of sm - cm = 0.000274737
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.185 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
crack width within permissible limit
ABUTMENT DESIGN
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 6945.59 -4466.84 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.425 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 119.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 710.47 0.00 674.95 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 633.33 0.00 703.00 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 741.93 0.00 856.93 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 22.24 1241.96 0.00 250.90 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 31.77 1687.46 0.00 340.90 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 3147.88 0.00 1098.16 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.15 0.00 135.43 0.00 16.72
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.03 0.00 170.48 0.00 21.05
Wind load 122.69 0.00 898.56 37.68 150.70
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
LL 1.5 LL 1.5
EP 1.5 EP 1.5
WL 1.5
SEISMIC CASE
A C
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0 EP 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1
EP 1 EP seis 1
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
ABUTMENT DESIGN
V ML MT HL HT
N 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 10778.33 1701.18 1054.50 2399.18 0.00
O
N
S 5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 10962.37 1701.18 2402.35 2455.69 226.05
E 6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL+WL 11136.22 2213.51 2633.24 2559.19 226.05
I
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 10702.69 1359.63 -335.42 2273.66 -226.05
S
M 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 10594.29 1701.18 -293.35 2342.66 -226.05
I 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 10768.14 2213.51 -62.45 2446.16 -226.05
C 10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S 7980.60 2980.84 1900.13 2706.16 894.31
11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL3 S+EP S+EP LL S 7979.58 3040.24 1872.31 2718.16 890.88
12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL5 S+EP S+EP LL S 7984.37 3129.34 1907.36 2736.16 895.20
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 7963.98 1935.92 1736.88 2417.15 874.16
ABUTMENT DESIGN
CHECK FOR PILE CAPACITY
Diameter of pile = 1.2 m

C/C of pile along longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
C/C of pile along transeverse direction = 3.6 m
No. of piles along longitudinal direction = 2 nos.
No. of piles along transeverse direction = 4 nos.
Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m as per requirement of pile no.
Abutment dimension in longitudinal direction = 1.2 m as per requirement abutment
dist. Betwn. c/c of Pile in longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
Final Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m
Pile cap dimension in transeverse direction = 12.3 m as per requirement of pile no.
Abutment dimension in transeverse direction = 8.45 m as per requirement abutment
dist. Betwn. c/c of Pile in Transverse direction = 3.600 m
Final Pile cap dimension in Transverse direction = 12.30 m
Depth of pile cap = 1.8 m
Earth height above pile cap = 6.375 m
Clear cover = 0.075 m
Effective depth of pile cap = 1.713 m
12.30
3.60
5.1
Load combination for pile load (with unfactored load)

in KN
Load Case V ML MT HL HT
MLmax 1 7999.50 1686.29 856.93 1825.23 0.00
Normal Case
Vmax 2 7999.50 1686.29 856.93 1825.23 0.00
Unloaded
MLmax 3 7225.81 -1318.96 0.00 1098.16 0.00
Non seismic
Unloaded
MLmax 4 7963.98 1935.92 1736.88 2417.15 874.16
seismic
MLmax 5 8122.20 1686.29 1755.49 1862.90 150.70 Considering
Vmax 6 8122.20 1686.29 1755.49 1862.90 150.70 Wind
MLmax 7 8726.30 4183.58 2764.29 3045.09 895.20 Considering
Vmax 8 8726.30 4183.58 2764.29 3045.09 895.20 Seismic
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Check for pile capacity

TRAFFIC DIRECTION
Total no. of pile = 8
Pile No. Trans. Long.

xi yi A xi2 yi2 -1.8 5.4 1.8 5.4
8 1
1 1.80 5.40 3.24 29.16
2 1.80 1.80 3.24 3.24
3 1.80 -1.80 3.24 3.24
4 1.80 -5.40 3.24 29.160
7 2
5 -1.80 -5.40 3.24 29.16 -1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
6 -1.80 -1.80 3.24 3.240
7 -1.80 1.80 3.24 3.24 00
8 -1.80 5.40 3.24 29.160 6 3
-1.8 -1.8 1.8 -1.8
00
Total 25.92 129.60
-1.8 5 -5.4 1.8 4 -5.4

3
ZT1 = 24 M
3
ZT2 = 72 M
ZL = 14.4 M3
Moment per unit load on pile at provided pile cap position = 3.5 KN-m/KN
Moment
in pile due
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2 H/N to
horizontal
force
1 999.938 117.103 35.705 11.902 228.154 798.537
2 999.938 117.103 35.705 11.902 228.154 798.537
3 903.226 -91.595 0.000 0.000 137.270 480.446
4 995.498 134.439 72.370 24.123 321.296 1124.535
5 1015.275 117.103 73.146 24.382 233.624 817.683
6 1015.275 117.103 73.146 24.382 233.624 817.683
7 1090.787 290.526 115.179 38.393 396.744 1388.604
8 1090.787 290.526 115.179 38.393 396.744 1388.604
Vertical Loads on piles

Load Pile marks 1,4,5,8 Pile marks 2,3,7,6
Case Vmax Vmin Vmax Vmin
1 1152.747 847.129 1128.943 870.933
2 1152.747 847.129 1128.943 870.933
3 811.631 994.820 811.631 994.820
4 1202.307 788.689 1154.060 836.936
5 1205.523 825.026 1156.760 873.790
6 1205.523 825.026 1156.760 873.790
7 1496.492 685.082 1419.707 761.868
8 1496.492 685.082 1419.707 761.868
Now
Vmax = 1496.492 KN
Load Case = 7 (seismic)
Coresponding moment = 1388.6041 KN-M
Mmax = 1388.604 KN-M
Load Case = 7
Coresponding min. vertical load = 685.082262 KN
Maximum horizontal force = 228.154 KN
From geotechnical investigation report

For pile length 22.00 m
Vertical capacity = 2400 KN OK
Horizontal capacity = 350.00 KN OK
ABUTMENT DESIGN
DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)
SL NO. LOAD CASE Vu MLu MTu HLu HTu

12 MLmax 7984.37 3129.345 1907.359 2736.1582 895.20397
6 Vmax 11136.223 2213.51 2633.24 2559.19 226.05
11 Vmin 7979.577 3040.24 1872.31 2718.16 890.88
13 Unloaded 7963.98 1935.92 1736.88 2417.15 874.16
No. of piles = 8
1.2 1.71250 0.23750

D 0.0875
B 0.75
1 T1
8
3.6
2 T2
7
MT 3 12.3
6
4
5
B
D
1.95
5.1
0.0875
1.8
1.2
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
12 998.046 217.32 79.47 26.491
6 1392.028 153.72 109.72 36.573
11 997.447 211.13 78.01 26.004
13 995.498 134.44 72.37 24.123
Loads on piles(KN)
Load Moment in
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4
Case each piles
12 1294.835 1241.853 1188.871 1135.888 1259.510
6 1655.462 1582.316 1509.171 1436.025 1124.005
11 1286.588 1234.580 1182.571 1130.562 1251.437
13 1202.307 1154.060 1105.813 1057.567 1124.535
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment arm Moment
1 Pile 1 1655.462 1.2 1986.554
2 Pile 2 1582.316 1.2 1898.780
3 Pile 3 1509.171 1.2 1811.005
4 Pile 4 1436.025 1.2 1723.230
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -325.5 1.75 -569.625
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1883.700 0.975 -1836.608
8 Self Wt. -1079.325 0.975 -1052.342
Total 3961.0
Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN

For Shear at
Sl. No. Force due to Total Force
D-D
1 Pile 1 1655.462 120.711
2 Pile 2 1582.316 115.377
3 Pile 3 1509.171 110.044
4 Pile 4 1436.025 104.710
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -325.500 -23.734
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1883.700 -137.353
8 Self Wt. -1079.325 -78.701
Total 211.1
Design of pile cap in flexure
Section is checked for ULS

ABUTMENT DESIGN
Width of section = 1 m
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Reinforcement provided: 25 mm dia.

125 mm c/c distance
2
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1712.5 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok
Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
2810.188 kN-m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN PILE CAP (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force = 17.159 KN
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.342
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 3925 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 1712.5 mm
r1 = 0.0023
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 483.97 KN
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.263892
So, VRd.c minimum = 451.915 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 483.97 KN OK, Safe in shear
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT

(Clause 10.4, IRC:112-2011, page-98)
a Basic Control
Perimeter u1
2d
b
Reduced
Control
Perimeter
Face of loaded Abutment
area Shaft
Punching shear is to be checked at distance "2d" from pier shaft face

Now from abutment shaft, Maximum Vertical design force, VEd = 4984.93 KN
Corresponding longitudinal design moment, MLu = 2301.40 KN-m
Longitudinal eccentricity, el = 0.462 m
Corresponding transeverse design moment, MTu = 2460.29 KN-m
Transeverse eccentricity, et = 0.494 m
As the basic control perimeter is exceeding the pile cap dimension, we will check the
punching shear at reduced control perimeter which is at inner face of piles
b
1.7125
a= 11.875 m Distance of reduced control perimeter from pier face = 1.7125 m

b= 4.625 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.204 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 33 m
ABUTMENT DESIGN
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft+ Wt. within reduced control perimeter
VEd = 7456.4122 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.159 Mpa
Punching shear check at face of abutment shaft
a= 8.45 m
b= 1.2 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.747 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 19.300 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft
VEd = 4984.93 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.263 Mpa
Calculation for punching shear resistance at reduced control perimeter
Maximum punching shear resistance, nRd.max = (1/2).n.fcd

where, n = 0.6[1-fck/310]
= 0.542 (Eq. 10.6, IRC:112-2011. page-90)
So, nRd.max = 3.631 Mpa
Again, Minimum punching shear resistance, nmin .2d/a=

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
a= distance from the face of column to control perimeter
= 1.7125 m
Minimum punching shear resistance = 0.528 Mpa
Now punching shear resistance, nRd = 0.12K(80rlf ck )1/3.2d/a

where, rl = √(rll.rlt) = 0.165
So, nRd = 2.365 Mpa
So, governing nRd = 2.365 Mpa OK safe in Punching Shear
Punching shear resistance at face
Punching shear resistance at face, nRd = 0.18/gcK(80rlf ck )1/3+(0.1scp)>=nmin+0.1scp

Here, scp = 0
So, nRd = 1.183
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
So, governing shear resistance, nRd = 1.183 Mpa OK
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Punching shear check for pile reaction

a
Reduced
control
Basic control perimeter
perimeter
2d
Reduced control perimeter for corner piles = ∏.(dia. of pile+a)/4+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)

So, u = 3.786 m
Reduced control perimeter for middle piles =∏.(dia. of pile+a)/2+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)
So, u = 6.073 m
Now, net reaction force, VEd.red = VEd-∆VEd

Here, ∆VEd = wt. of pile cap portion within control perimeter = 108.979 KN
Vertical
Reduced Control
Pile No. Force Shear stress Status
perimeter at distance a
VEd.red
1 1185.856 3.786 0.1829 OK
2 1132.874 6.073 0.1089 OK
Vertical Reduced Control

Pile No. Shear stress Status
Force perimeter at pile face
1 1294.835 2.826 0.2676 OK
2 1241.853 3.768 0.1925 OK
So, reinforcement to be provided in pile cap

25 mm dia. Bar @ 125 mm c/c as main bar
ABUTMENT DESIGN
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 6945.59 -4466.84 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 119.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 710.47 0.00 674.95 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 633.33 0.00 703.00 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 741.93 0.00 856.93 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 22.24 1241.96 0.00 250.90 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 31.77 1687.46 0.00 340.90 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 3147.88 0.00 1098.16 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.15 0.00 135.43 0.00 16.72
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.03 0.00 170.48 0.00 21.05
Wind load 122.69 0.00 898.56 37.68 150.70
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0.75 LL 0.75
EP 1 EP 1
EP LL surcharge 1 EP LL surcharge 1
WL 1
N
V ML MT HL HT
O 1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 7761.84 187.82 506.21 1522.51 0.00
N 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 7705.25 247.22 527.25 1534.51 0.00
S 4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 7884.53 187.82 1404.78 1560.18 150.70
E
I
S
M 7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 7639.15 187.82 -392.35 1484.83 -150.70
I 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 7582.56 247.22 -371.31 1496.83 -150.70
C 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 7665.91 336.32 -255.87 1514.83 -150.70
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP 7225.81 -1318.96 0.00 1098.16 0.00
ABUTMENT DESIGN
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP
SL NO. LOAD CASE V (KN) ML (KN-m) MT (KN-m) HL (KN) HT(KN)

3 MLmax 7788.6078 336.322 642.6974 1552.508 0
6 Vmax 7911.302 336.32154 1541.261 1590.184 150.7025
8 Vmin 7582.560 247.22154 -371.3137 1496.833 -150.7025
10 Unloaded Case 7225.81 -1318.96 0.00 1098.16 0.00
No. of piles = 8
ML
1.2 1.7125 0.2375
0.75
8 1
3.6
7 2
12.3
MT
6 3
5 4
5.1
1.95
0.0875
1.8
1.2
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
3 973.576 23.36 26.78 8.926
6 988.913 23.36 64.22 21.406
8 947.820 17.17 -15.47 -5.157
10 903.226 -91.59 0.00 0.000
Vertical Loads on piles (KN)
Load Case Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4

1 1023.711 1005.858 988.005 970.153
6 1076.488 1033.675 990.862 948.049
8 949.517 959.831 970.145 980.460
10 811.631 811.631 811.631 811.631
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Moment
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment
arm
1 Pile 1 1076.488 1.2 1291.785
2 Pile 2 1033.675 1.2 1240.410
3 Pile 3 990.862 1.2 1189.034
4 Pile 4 980.460 1.2 1176.551
5 Self Wt. of Return Wall -325.500 1.750 -569.625
6 Self Wt. of Backfill -1883.700 0.975 -1836.608
7 Self Wt. -1079.325 0.975 -1052.342
Total 1439.2
Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN

Total For Shear
Sl. No. Force due to
Force at D-D
1 Pile 1 1076.488 78.494
2 Pile 2 1033.675 75.372
3 Pile 3 990.862 72.250
4 Pile 4 980.460 71.492
5 Self Wt. of Return Wall -325.500 -23.734
6 Self Wt. of Backfill -1883.700 -137.353
7 Self Wt. -1079.325 -78.701
Total 57.8
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Stress level check:
Section is checked for SLS

Width of section = 1m
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
2
Effective depth "d" = 1712.5 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 319.47
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

ABUTMENT DESIGN
Crack width check:

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

ae = Es/Ecm = 6.452
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
h
d 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1
B
So, hc.eff = 218.75 mm

2
Ac.eff = 218750 mm

And, sm-cm = -0.000296
Minimum value of sm - cm = 5.569E-05
So, governing value of sm - cm = 5.569E-05
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.027 mm

Crack width within permissible limit
ABUTMENT DESIGN
DESIGN OF PILES
Diameter of piles, D = 1200 mm

2
fck of concrete = 35 N/mm
2
fy of steel = 500 N/mm
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 75 mm
Loads on piles
Load Case Moment
From in each
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4
Load piles (KN-
Comb m)
12 1294.835 1241.853 1188.871 1135.888 1259.51
6 1655.462 1582.316 1509.171 1436.025 1124.005
11 1286.588 1234.58 1182.571 1130.562 1251.437
13 1202.307 1154.06 1105.813 1057.567 1124.535
d'
1st layer Diameter of bars provided = 25 mm

No. of bars provided = 22 Nos.
Percentage of steel, p = 0.955
So, p/fck = 0.0273
d'/D = 0.0729
Now for case 6, Pile 1
Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0328
From SP 16, chart 60, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.04
So, Mu1 = 2419.2 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.465 SAFE
Now for case 12, Pile 3

Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0299
From SP 16, chart 60, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.05
So, Mu1 = 3024 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.372 SAFE
Continue bars upto end of pile
Provide distribution reinforcement 10 mm dia.
@ 150 mm c/c
ABUTMENT DESIGN
RETURN WALL DESIGN
Height of return wall = 4.65 m

Length of return wall = 3.50 m
Coefficient of horizontal active earth pressure = 0.279
Earth pressure at bottom of wall = 25.947 KN/m2
Eart pressure at 1m above wall bottom = 20.367 KN/m2
Average eatrh pressure in 1m strip = 23.157 KN/m
Surcharge earth pressure equivalent to earth pressure of 1.2 m height = 6.696 KN/m2
Bending moment at wall junction due to earth pressure, M1 = 141.837 KN-m
Bending moment at wall junction due to surcharge earth pressure, M2 = 41.013 KN-m
Design moment at junction, Mu = 1.5M1+1.2M2 = 261.971 KN-m
Design shear force at junction, Fu = 1.5F1+1.2F2 = 149.697 KN
Design of return wall in flexure
3.50
0.5 m

gm = 1.5
Concrete failure strain = cu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = c2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)

100 mm c/c distance
Clear cover = 50 mm
ABUTMENT DESIGN

356.772 OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force = 149.697 KN
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.673
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 2010 mm
d= 442 mm
r1 = 0.0045
scp = 0

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.367
Serviceability Limit State check
For serviceability limit state, design momeny = M1+0.8M2 = 174.647 KN-m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
ABUTMENT DESIGN


Crack width check:

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

ae = Es/Ecm = 6.25
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
d h 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1 B
So, hc.eff = 145 mm

2
Ac.eff = 145000 mm
ABUTMENT DESIGN

And, Ôsm-Ôcm = 0.000583
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000644
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000644
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.221 mm

ABUTMENT DESIGN
Design of dirt wall

Design moment (Non-Seismic) = 38.826 KN-m (for 1m width)
Design moment (Seismic) = 70.464 KN-m (for 1m width)
gm = 1.5
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)

150 mm c/c distance
Clear cover = 50 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )=30.35 mm
108.575 kN-m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force (Non-Seismic) = 21.121 KN (For 1m strip)

Design Shear Force (Seismic) = 24.681 KN (For 1m strip)
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
ABUTMENT DESIGN
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.762
r1 = Asl/bw.d
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 754 mm2
d= 344 mm
r1 = 0.0022
scp = 0

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.397
Serviceability Limit State check
For serviceability limit state, design moment = 38.826 KN-m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)


Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

Ôsm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
Ôcm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
ABUTMENT DESIGN
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

ae = Es/Ecm = 6.451613
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
2=0 x Where, A = level of steel centroid

h Ô1,Ô2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
d
hc.eff
1 B
So, hc.eff = 140 mm

Ac.eff = 140000 mm2
Now. ρρ.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.005383
close (i.e <=5(c+φ/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

And, Ôsm-Ôcm = -0.0004
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000478
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000478
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.263 mm

ABUTMENT DESIGN
Summarized Reinforcement Detailing

(According to chapter 16, IRC:112-2011, page-171)
ABUTMENT SHAFT
Total vertical reinforcement provided = 4204 mm2

2
Concrete area, Ac = 1200000 mm
Now, 0.003Ac = 3600 mm2 < steel provided, OK Cl. 710.3.2, IRC:112-2011
and 0.04Ac = 48000 mm2 >steel provided, OK
Horizontal Reinforcement provide 12 mm dia. @

150 mm c/c.
Total horizontal reinforcement provided = 754 mm2
Transverse reinforcement provided =

2
Now, 0.02Ac = 24000 mm
> steel provided,No transeverse reinforcement required
Vertical reinforcement provided =

20 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.
Horizontal reinforcement provided =
12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.
PILE CAP
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
Steel in 1m strip = 3925 mm2
2
As.min =( 0.26fctm/fyk)btd= 2226.25 mm OK
2
or, 0.0013btd = 2226.25 mm OK
Distribution reinforcement provided at bottom and both direction at top
16 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
Provide surface reinforcement 16 mm dia. 6 Nos. each face
RETURN WALL
Main reinforcement provided 16 mm dia. 100 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 12 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
OK
DIRT WALL
Provide main reinforcement 12 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 10 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
PILE
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 22 Nos. in layer 1
Continue all bars upto end of pile
Distribution reinforcement provided
10 mm dia. 150 mm c/c

Design 1

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HYDRAULIC

Hydrological Calculation of Bridges

RCC T-Girder Bridge

Span Arrangement: 3 x 18.75m

Length of Bridge: 58.08 m

Design Discharge: 335.72 cumec.

Design Velocity: 1.124 m/s

Design HFL: 98.710 m

Design FRL: 102.100 m

HFL at U/S= 98.935 m HFL at D/S= 98.485 m

Longitudinal slope= 0.0015 HFL at B/S= 98.710 m Manning's coeff., n = 0.055

C/S of Chainage 150.0m U/S

C/S of Chainage 150.0m U/S H.F.L

HFL at U/S= 98.935 m HFL at D/S= 98.485 m

Longitudinal slope= 0.0015 HFL at B/S= 98.710 m Manning's coeff., n = 0.055

C/S of Chainage B/S

Avg.depth 1.901 Total 239.51 126.406 1.895 1.08 258.249

HFL at U/S= 98.935 m HFL at D/S= 98.485 m

Longitudinal slope= 0.0015 HFL at B/S= 98.710 m Manning's coeff., n = 0.055

C/S of Chainage 150.0m D/S

Avg.depth 1.976 Total 260.860 132.420 1.970 1.11 288.665

C/S of Chainage 150.0m D/S H.F.L

HFL at U/S= 98.935 m HFL at D/S= 98.485 m

Longitudinal slope= 0.0015 HFL at B/S= 98.710 m Manning's coeff., n = 0.055

Velocity (V, Discharge

1 U/S 150 m 1.124 225.812 95.685 0.000000

Design HFL= 98.710 m

Regime width = 4.8 x (Q)0.5 = 77.14 m

Discharge by Peak runoff catchment method ( Rational formula):

Discharge (Q)=(.028*P*f*M*Ic) = 101.552 cumecs

Design discharge = 259.00 cumecs

Type of Bridge: RCC T-Girder

RL of scour for Abutment = 92.785 m

Proposed Span Scheme :

Afflux at H.F.L. by Molesworth formula :

Hence, h= 0.021 m. = 21.0 mm

MINIMUM FREE BOARD

4 SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION

Dirt Wall & Return Wall

Pile and pile cap :-

From IRC:6 (Page - 23,Clause - 211)

Coefficient of linear Thermal Expansion = 0.0000117 per degree centegrade

From IRC:5 (Page - 16,Clause -106.2.1)

From IRC:6 (Page - 51,Table- 5,Clause - 222.5)

Type of Bridge Importance Factor for Bridges

10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5

H = avg. Height from Ground/water lev.

Height of the superstructure = 8.450 m ~ 10 m

Drag Coefficient = 1.95

So, movement of deck due to temperature variation = L.α.t 0.004 m

Dead Load from super-structure = 1950 KN

Considering abutment wall :

Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads

Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)

Live load on Footpath = 0 kN 0

Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Vehicular Live Load

Carriageway Live load

0.285 18.7500 0.285

Maximum Reaction = Rb = 419.9 kN

Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.

2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

Discharge (Q)=(.028PfMIc) = 101.552 cumecs