DECLASSIFIED

Authonly NH.Q r nM;.J I

Ry , NARA. oa;;1; A I
- U' .-.:::
THE UNITED STATES
STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
(Pacific)
Evaluation of
Photographic Intelligence
in the Japanese Homeland
pART FIVE
CAMOUFLAGE,
CONCEALMENT, AND DECEPrION
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE SECTION
OPNA\"
THE UNITED STATIB
STILATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
''''''''',
Evaluation of
Photographic Intelligence
in the Japanese Homeland
PART FIVE
CAMOUFLAGE,
CONCEALMENT, AND DEX:EPTION
PHOTOGRAPHIC
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, ft "".,onu,1 .'<1>'.0'1, 0' Ih.: Iho .. ,a
37 bOl09 'oill to 11<1." ,n ,o'
".i11 ef WI... I ...",.1
rOI. "",ell .....,eo Iho f.ole arn to H
to til. le...cl of tho "'."., Ioee bot
..tl;nt'll to cruh .u.otio._ Alon; on' .Ot"
01 th fl.lr pOdoi .. W.,I .ru.c. out \0
.....i clleh IlIi." Into wIlleb ..,t I",.
I.c ",.w., could .r"n. Ind li,fl.,ln loci I
Iii ...... t. to be ".".ro,,,,,nCl. 0 ,1.
.11 of tn.,. cffort> Ie ...Id ttt l.o....
Iluid .,et.l, it .... ('l'd'oo. uri.l .hole-
""'01 _. IfI" con,t'.ctian ,1 11.0
C. <0010.0 ('hoto 3').
to t Jaun...... .. f,eld,
,IhntOl .. ., aooltioul o.c.f ""h l
te.roi" fot <_.'1191 0.''''''.'. Allh ""
.or '-.10100, this I ld " .. belni built
b, dnlnln, ,icc U I.. In" IOt.;.9 Ih ..
."'. It ...t, 91.1011. 101, .. Ih.r 'od
........, to ... I b '" "Itlm
f i .....' ....1 .uIU .. teo PlUI to
---'rQMOUflAUI--
510
III CONCUlMINT
S.12
)

...ore, .....u of I, ....11
.. hClor onl, Ourin, tl ..t ..!
.truch"n .... no\ 10M, for c t.1
..... 11 oj ",,0$01 .1 i.,nltu tell_tol , ."c
In lIlert... Ihe IU.do, On I". J ... "' ..
.... tl , In. COO't,n'h"" 01 0'0..,< '.1 ...
\.on ",".109""hle 'ntoll','ne< ,ro>,",.
I"eonl, In Io
t."..... Co ,,<rul of 'o(uo\".
2. f''I1 loenoie.l ..l " ..".1
ro"o.....
.. Cn, 01 \:" \'"1 ".pl .. of.
J."....... li'erlft claol, lOt
""" of the Ie" tnu "He lell , tn 0.""
loOll eu ,i,," Ih r "a fi ttl T.a..'CIl
,,'1 At' 1 U To.o ...... [hi. .. t
;.o ... uo toUI lu"n'l floor '.Iet of
J50.(:It'n ..... r. fe.t fl'bDto UJ ... "U Qlo-
,Id, ",tk ,dhee', I'.oroto<;<o, Ue-'H
"",,0' (fllOtH;J<j .. 1lI'). SoI I,....
to"'< h.,IIUn /r...,to .'1. I.
un.," HOu"4 loko ...k. wu :;<0'1. '"Ho<.
.1.<.> '0" bills 1tI. u.to" ".IIe, ...1
..u ,u.ll, ... ilro Ib< .......I ... el''''' 01.
,1:..1 of Ibi. It' ...iolin_eeol...... I.
Ib, .. "'I'ltIcn 10 u ....l "'<
tu" cui It to 0'''' iu.. ,'eo-w" .,gbH,
tv""., ... f "'icn th ... "orr. 'I'CI! .".t.,
i .. Ibr
L '''otol,...,''i. inl.'1>'OIl .. ",,..
... lu lc.l< , 1 h.I ..... 'lqrr of
I.I",.rof of Ibr 1.",,,1 ",I,,,,,",,
4 nolU iofil.lI .. f ."il..... b...
,n.Hro i",I "".rr '0'0' ho., 'KIl,
inf.. h'll Thr "u no i.o'elll .... of
lbe ""t of IIlI t."n,1 S, Ioo_UI< I _II
tb. H ....,II"l IU, Ib" C<><IlI,n'O
.torrs. Th I"t"'l f."(1,,,,, of toe ooff_
...... I t.""rh "Crr ",1 , ..Ii ..o nO' il
.......1..... Ih.t .11 ... '. co""oetocl t<I fa .
... yh I'.t ....
Co Itth.'.... ....1 "', Stll'OO
If.hobil ""iell un ujac,.. t to Ih. Fi ..1
TPCh",c.1 q.11 Ii. 1"",.1. ftonU" (I'!loto'
'1-_0>. 110"9. "..,Its (Photos oJJ.
'_.Ii, hci'itiOl. school 'n'
"<to .11 h HO In 10"".1 .. Ai in tn. COli
of Ibr 'i, ",.1 1'1. p "," of "'".,c.s
"'0,"11 on ohotoY''''''t of In" .i,
"oHo ""roo .... f InGiviOll'1 t.nn.IS
COIIIG not bl o.t.,.'"oo. CO....... "'Uy. tkr..
t.rl 1111 u.....u "'"0 ,tad on II IS "1c",co of
.. u..e let i.Hl".
-llESHllCTEI).
" , '''01 1.1 ....... ,n'OI h 'II .1
."... ,.
StO'111 t.n 1 1"1"_. 1st T.... <, 1 ."
.,un,l.
5 . 5
I ..tte,.. of lOT.. ,''" Jo.
... 11""011 .u...",1..,1'.', lilt
t. " l.... g U
01 til. Ill ... :..utA.." u ....O$ 1",1.. to
_111_IUII \,ul., Ito uist... v "".01
UI.ct.-=. l"t< IUle o.li """ te
iI1ll.10, hoo'''eve r, otu..... ti ... of .I'G;e\
$dIAl".' ,n tne ne:' toe nfMi ... 11 ,.1
10 c,_.'", of tH .... ; Isel I. no II ...
u ..t "'1 COftC"'UOft 01
ol ..
J. MI P.. ,...I. "ld,I'
.. In hill. of '''u'' '''''''.1
north of .... i tke ... h ""'It..
I C<IOlpleh .1"9" ...,tAod,"
""ie" con.lstoo of "., 'Utur'" ....,'."
(,,"010 on. loruClo lot, -to'lil,
CIII'Q'"i ohl , "'0 ' ..., ........
shool. laei i I, .. In ""'nf"
vol" the -"0;>\'01 of <;UHtl" """<:10 ""0 '"
urth_coye .., I platn"
Inc ......
tcu"u cout od '....il' 1
c......t o ...
II C ,., "HI Ie. Of 1.110'0 ueo-e. tl
blo ... 10COI" I.,... olln_
"10'00<1 0' i ell lui II .IIotO<j ..
I' ","e., bo....'.
.... 00< VUltCC d ClIIH 0., ..... ..i .. 1ft
SO.lo .... Lto",,_ ""He iO<eltnt offo'l '"
lout, Ibe ,"". 1.I.,e. u,
...... &e<.. l,t ill,.unnlk.<:tol..cto.
of c .. ..,lln .. tiol. 100 ..
oiff,,,,lt} 01 leclift. lb. locni"" 01 ....
ticll .holog .. 10 u ,al
'oU""C" cn...I uu. 10, 1.0",1.
-"IHU Oft "t.;c.ol ill. \lot
,. truc. 0' no.lac.., ... ' .
<.rv'd ..... ' of clilfs, it i ",tiltlt '
10 oi ."', or ","'rI. on obi j ... onol09''''''
.. 1ft_ ."I;eal. HI.
" ,1'0. storl)l. fokoo 1
IIUtI., of Ioo'l". '".oouh
lid.,B.
III CONCUlMINT
... '1, c.... ,.t.J .,j.r,",uR<l .,","<,
10k' .,dill0.
5.15
., II II 1, 1, tott _ .... n'l
' __1... 1 '''00".1 "" 4. I'll .....
'11,,".. of "oc.....n Jr_
.t.. .... f, ....... ral'O 1'0 to
.Uort 10 '-11. 1-' U. faoCt _'01 100t
l'.eI,ull,._.f to, ...... 001 ... 11'1
... .. HloclH ., .-..tot IIt.II,.
.......
"*..., U.... "0"11, t'.... ....
... 10 .....,11 .' ... of ".0' to" h' .
AI.,. 1.lou.
'. At St"oo 10 ...., of I,,"HO"to
o"otol.u
lli
covor.go ueelhot ""Od,
tlo.' of ,.d I.'hilitiona ..... "'ctoo.
50_ of th oun -hlntI.,t.d. At
Alld' 1.11"<1, Jt .11.. f.OII Illt Otlkl 011
d,.o, tl.k f o hU .on.
II",.IU ('hoto 5'1). n."t"kl.""k.lltol
....000 001 .. lod .I.ts, 001 .o d 0,
.10.llt.d ti ... 0' ..It.II fi ..
1111. hll I t.ll.tioo WII
b, 1.ltllit..",. U I
to.k h "'..... of c.,.h.. o, .. raU
1""0 b.ca 01 ,., lneOilit, to "."oh.
It II d'.oy. I'llolog'uh. 1
0
, to
thol ,nd of tilt ..Ir ..er" ' h ""0 it
.11 foUd IlIIt tile, 1.ft 00 d"t .. to tilt
..... iflcatIO. of this Instolhll
on
",
d'.OI. H).
Qr>e fl .... 1 I'ti 01 tilt J ......
... which, .1tllo'9h urlltu eol '.t..... Od to
.'"10 ".CUtl onf..", tOe
t lhe J'"'''''' n. of ..... 11
!. OhlHl,"1 01 lb. "'dt'l 10 "Orlt..
od..
A I,oicat J i.crtll d , 1'
101., t.d 01 Ihot09... int,,11111l"
$0\011 01"0' i. f ... 111.,tral.' ,..11
..d. cion.., of llIe Iro. .0.ld ,,,Id,,
dllt on f .....eol 01'0"'.
I. 'd.....11 Ju...... of D._I..
... I. lile t",", ......0
.ilotoi'lOhl. loh t .... JU"".... ho",
Isttollatio w cood onl, to .nd-
j'''': iutoll.tiost. Ih two t, ... 01
.o.i ..... t ... t ofhn ".lated 0' d._i ..
u. A. wnoo.' d .1 .... It. /llkUili/t
f ......tl .... (Pllolo wo 011 d.t.ct.d,
..t .. wlll.h ""d h co f.ll, cO\>I.:I
"'" .. 110 f ......U, .. 1,I.touted IS ... 1
(''''1053). Tn. identlfic.tion of .i uU
wit ft.tlot ""fu..d 0' I"" Ju.,"" of
l.ouliv. ...... d.co," II I ti
....to:l 11111 tog.tlle. do,1 .nd d.... I d.
.. lOoot .er ct of tile 10111 13 1
11 .... ft.tJu...... li.ldl. lllt _t 1"0'-
lint It.h.i.o. p"'tojruhl. Intor... I..' .n
Ol' 10 w.11 ...d. d..., I.
.....f.l ,t.dl of t .. l ,lti 1 o. ,w.
.,I.lv. t09'"ohic <0.""0.1. '1'."
.. hlcil ere in tile ..... 10,ltion .... k .fter
.... k ... llkel, to be d... I... 1\
I, obvlow. thll one. tllt , ond.rotand.
till, .... tho:l of I.te'p hllon "" CIO u.il,
0"ll1f, H H.ctlv.n.... lo.illon,
.. hlch ..... k .fto...... ,110.. II<> trad .<11.11,
0' no ld.oc. 01 firin, or, .ho Ilkol, 10
b. :1"",,1 ...
IV DICIl'TlON
. : l.,k: " t"n,b. fo,ftt ....
T". ... t., q "" loinl 11.,1.
"I ("rI" 011 tculr. H II,. loution
....... II"". t.u t_ ... ih
""....... 'Ill' v 0>"1".11"" """0
5C). -oto til. I 10",,_ an" tb. took.
UH' ......1...\' "ttl 'Kotl.C co"Kt1"
... 1 0""'" 010'" 1ft '."MII II tile LI..
.. I bIll ..... NIt __ 'IN.
c. , , ot t .. T".loh hulon,
SUtlon (,bet .. ... ".,rel In n.. ,irontol
IUkS .""...." or In'o.",.. <OftCto ' f
.... iell v" Ib", ...011 .. .,ut., for toll t ....
,lie d l00kU 1 Ikl I hl,hl, ...
t""l .... lbe luor. cOr_
rtl, identlll'd on t"- bUlt of 101-
le.l 10cotlo t"" ........ 01 ' vl._
In, " ...d ntl.j tl.- S... IIOI
Stotlo
51! le'o" IoI"U pt oil 1(0.111.
I ..U h fo ,<oo"",
.. I. uul, Ill". lh'cUU "".."..,
1ft JOI;"" .... f'Ch.' , ..... u ... co ...,ttl,
e.ot
.... , ...11 _ ... 'oil " ...., '>Ownl',n.... tc
..I-<.U"...
III CONCIALMINT IV DIC."'.ONI------------------------
l. alb., un. of ...
5.16
S.I1'
'. To , ..... Iloot
'.t.II,....... .11 1
...t ....,. C.MofI.,. 1
"" t,..
'K_ I .., .. " .... It '.
llot ....t ,_""" .. tI_ OIl
1.1011,1..... "1 .. 1
.....t, .. II , ' ..
I .. _","._It 1_ (II
... 01 of __01_",
oofl t , UJ to --
I. I... .tI.IIM .to..... of
.. l"tl.. """'01" .. IU " 1".1 .1_
i. n. "ff..." c t , t 1.
100.10" J l.cd'II.. , t
....... 1, .Ic.) 10 ..t _ .., tl .
.,11 l"'ut. lilt of I.ot
.. it ' _ ..1 , Ul to.
1 ,"1 t ,.f ."'fo" 01 ..... 01
.<IIl .." el,..t, , of '''''''''-1.1
...... , ,oot.ll.t,o"
If '", 10."" ........ of ift
lile l.te.,..lIli.... .."" '.Il il"
Ind d....., in.ll11lt io.. i. to H
I .. 1.1"". rei.'''. ""1 it,
.1'."" of I: IO.OGIl 0' I." .. i. Doliu
.....,t III.
S. In IddiUon I" tb. need for "1110,
,""t"J ..,h, t ....tb.. ,"co_.nd.tl""...bic.
h n i a.hot ... dn, ... 1100 .d.. OIc
.f i. the hto...bld.:
.. 1 i"n.:I.
c. 01 I".. 01 "od"!I.od i._
.hll.lioo...ch idi.ld "'.9.....1"....
i ....... ockel 1o".ehl'9 .i1.. , In:l .01S1
d"an.. ' .. itl ...... oc... I.... ll,
tected. b,,1 i' clov I, ." I'o.IU. 11>01
co.1d b, co"".. I.d. T. I , ... 1 ..11.1 th.
."cc... 0< loll ... 0' onotol .. I.toll-
I!lonc. io ,uoect .... ld d..""d 0. Ih.
01 "hot"PUhl. 00"'''.1' 1 11>0
H"..tn.l.n.... In....h.
uillt, f it iu" .t.M.oi.t ,,1 .".-
culi", te "uo .... ,I,.to. ,I ......
..Ilk.', t!>al .'1 hte 1....1., ....n'i.1
t" ......oteet io ill !>o ob.d .""..
olor'd IIDSt loJ ..lrl .. ",ih'
.... ... " .11'"_ i orlonl in t"
.I.ce I"". IndI,i.. .<IIl""OO"J "0."
,,,.tl, c.....OI'I .. tlool ti ffle_
i ,. 10011oo,.or.It i'' t 1,
ilo beill 00<1..
l,ound i" l.i ret.ll",ol, il,
.dl.d to ..oJ..li 1000 trl ..
...... If""''''' .1..1, .h.i. 0<1 .
'" not fitle" lor "."1'0'""-
II"" Deco of O.i, t ",Uti ..
of .... ulerill, ... n nOli" Iu....
"' .. uII. I lthoo,h un,
11 .....1o.1t of toe lot ....., I f
uloq'OU.', it h 1 Ib.1 j.rlt,
01 IlIIl".I,y, .... ledi"J bule ioO I,i ...
..bl ..... ,llnto ... d....dt, .. i" '0011."
10 i. on 1110 .. ,h
.. h.1I ...c",led .,.,,,. of .....,_
" J I.ct , .oo.t clloo i. Ih. I.t."
,,,.'d ...tl, rod.., lbe .II II"'.'U."I
... ' '" 01 Intelllwc
, .... 1.1.. 10 co t cl.". o"llc.l .. l, if
J. I' ..... of U II tol'''.'
_a, .0.....I ti"". of I ,. d.leel.J
t t" I", 110 I '''0.11
..." u i'"lfl f Ih II ... it,
...t" 'U....I; .. ....n n.l .. t 1ft)
UO .11o.1i ",,, 01 '1 .0 .....q "
iulo".li.". iI 1Il0.ld" _ d I t
... o""ut,,tu .1f,,1 U I. 1 te
",j IlIO ';101111 .eeh .el-
1",lt,. _I '"'''' ... 1110 J ........ .. 1...
.... nee "I, ".",ot to 1110 .f 1_
i.j ,f, q.... 10 '0' 10'0 11 on
idi.I,. i ..i.i1. I t.', d,
1.. '.qUil' U. '0' If le
1010 ... ud"1ro"d oel;",II,. " h ..
.hul, toll ....1, ...... , .Itonlio.
... I. tol.
2. J.;.o oe ....1 J I'IIOI t ....
fr It,. 1100 ,. , tt 11
to ."""".1 10". ;",Ioll.tl ,I. u,.lohd
..1..1.1. eo:l .11_,_ 11 1",1.111'
Ii""...... YO" 11 _fl. loot ., ... to IlIIl
, .."' ".., In"".....t.',
s... !I'-.. i"'. 'OY"," 'MII 11011.1100".
.........., ..I_tl....1"'" ,"ultl ,
.... '010" ..1011000 ,lffiII t q II,
ooto ..i ) I,.. 1 -
....hl i ........ 1 1.
V CONCLUSIONS AND ...."-,.-", .", , .. -,-, -._' IU....
Y CONCUfIIONI AND t .. leeraln .... 10'0"018 for hnnel, _. ....
IIICOMMINDATtOHI oM conc.. the" Int'anc.s. In luch ,l,"ctlo
n
,
I. 'nl co.outlot_ ... 1 .. eu" It I. "cubl'e! thel the
.'oJ b, J In I.' of CO'II- Interprel.' wou'J U 1. to detlct ""'0
eritJ....... ,nt. h of thh i.tlnj 1M.' .... 11 oerClnhjl of the Inl"""" to
.... ou.,t1, 0' t ... co...,.- "n... ol,nt . hI. whl" h. did note
fl 1\0 :1 little It<:MluI or Intr.nc... ,,011. Ino .etlolt!. hi
c r "' ""... of It I ... liU- could Mt be su'. IMt lhe, the
tion Cono "tl,. ,".. H., cl.ll' on ..... nc. of on .. Ilctor,. nO'
hrge ;n.lollot,onl, .,"ofte" ."" he "0" Ik I .... of
i....... l .0.:1 c....J onl... f.clO.,.i "" I."",tlon. In feci 111101"
ote .. "' , 11111. dlffl It,. It I. u- It i. ooulDI. Iltet Iko'" .... ' l>t '."'0'0..:1
10.....0 In ,"'" fo'e......n.......te..... for d.te.II., <).o.n1 ,1Inlo , .... I"'"
.... lc 00.,.1 I. of In.ull_ 10COI ,on of "" i ,.c I I i \, U I.Ck
Hi .... c._f1'l.J .. II. ul.l eI_, 0.1... h, u,l.in.d hou.lnq for .... h."
..... 1.1 _ ... 1.1 .._.Ilot.ro Jo loud. IIte t, ll I, ... i.u"". tM .hot"'l.uhl.
1,111, .,ffl.elt, 1. i.Ierolotl ill.. I.t t .. co- oro... id. in Ikls fl.I:I.1
...., .. ,."1 i. the .0nli""lio. of
.oJ.'I e.J .1 10 .no.ted ho.. 01""'.
ID.'C...
5" 18
f '101. , .... '1.
10 , ..t pit
Iucht(
[."Ibll B In "".oIOPI SI' ,.clograph
f thh report.
{Mill!
ro'OSllU ....l "" STATlO'O
....lII:RGIlO..O I'SUllATIOIS
l[.(;(IO
- H&,r,;&1l$
I - .uI'lO STOR4C(
C - TORl'EOO STOOOIO[
II - " R ~ ' C ' S
{ - >Ie ~ U T S SIOllOC

\
Utlcheo to lut Hg_ II

I
5.20
--RfflRleUO
5.JlI
loclol'"'' hhibll C I. e.... lou IIUche. to lut pl," of H,I. repon.

.......

e"'" oil at luhlU '.Iftt "" 1"",,, h, .'

Iyriul eo_ll.f tori ... oil 1t0'1,1. Uil tIle 01 __.f1.'l.
Iffo,1 eioltQl Ideet;"" bJ tu inu",.I
I ..,ot cuen" .en, .... 11 ..... of oi 1 dr... oi. eoceu
utecHon,
1\ th II lout Ion ...eo lorll tonka hU be.. co lolo., _MI.
ol .. e" uour c.""t.ueilln. III
'1. 011 or... II.". I. '"o"el. It tht b.u of tho hili
.... nol ...... t.d.
&- Gill.,.
1_ (IlIOI'lIIlO ''''$
G-!fOOn .... suIt
D- , ..n .fe
(."If C
""1"-TIlnO ....
.... to
W;1Io0

s . zz

'.2'
oeeto"uh hhlbit C I. e.Hlou otllchu to 11ft Pl' I of till. rooort.
. as
.. oil unka It loall;" hl.t 011 01<10 Bay.".
lrrlcil of b"r1to 011 ItO"i"' lhh t,II of ulIOufh]o
.ffo,t ,Idnol ...... t olt""tlonb, Ihe phologrullic intl,p'IU.
i ..,.t CU". 11.1.1.", ....'1 o.o.oofoll .,,, 010 uco
lecIIO/l, ""
It this 10Cl\'OO ">If<! 11'11 beet! cOloletod, ..hi 1
othe.' ..... 0111' ur c.... 'I ,"ct 10._ III .e" report e' co 'ftct_
'" ut oil olor.O 1. Unol" ,t Ihe bU' of the 11,'1
r, .ot ,Ied.
_ Glllu'. Pl<CTIl
__PUll. " ..OS
(_ ,.U UU$ .at
0- Lol(;( , ..1$ ole
( .... ,,, C
IOSl<IU l'O,or_TOC'IO 101
...., II OIL ,TOROGe
tGlU
5 .22
_-.n<MlIIIT',,-.------
IlfSTli1CtEa.
VECTOGRAPH EXHIBITS

OOMrlDlN
TIAL

OSAKA CITV
OA.. AG[ ASsrSSM(N'
REPORT ')0
~ ~ , 110" COM M,SSION '"
1 JU"Ir 1 9 . ~
CI U UIIlOM COM
".
.
u- .'....
~
~ _ N E ... IMM.GE
__0\.0 o....GE
l'TIII_SflAIOSfLV POI'ULAIEO
_____'NCEJU)IARV I
_____,..C["O'.lIl Z
A/IIlAGASAIO
I'?!'i'----..),--'... . . .
~ PTU 7- 60-
54