Name: __________________________

DC Drive Operating Envelopes and Induction Machines

Solve using data from the DC machine data sheet, using the "hot" resistance value for all calculations. Note that the value of K on the sheet is for rated (100%) field flux. Assume that the machine can safely handle as much current as the power converter can deliver to it. In addition, assume that all power semiconductors are ideal with zero voltage drop when they are on. 1. Consider a 2 hp, 850 rpm dc machine connected to a single-phase, fully-controlled thyristor bridge as shown in Fig. 2.9-4 (pg. 53), assuming that the series inductance is large enough to justify the assumption of infinite output inductance. The amplitude of the ac voltage source is 210 Vrms, the maximum thyristor current is 10 A and the phase control angle can be varied over the full range from 0 to rad. Assume that the maximum machine speed is 2000 rpm in either direction (i.e., 209.4 rad/s). a) Plot the complete boundary envelope (i.e., capability curve) of the drive systems torque-speed operating capabilities on a set of T- axes, with torque T on the y-axis [in N-m] and speed on the x-axis [in rad/s]. Assume that the field flux is constant at its rated (100%) value. In addition, assume that the maximum armature current is determined by the maximum thyristor current rather than the rated machine current based on its rated power. Similarly, assume that the maximum applied armature voltage amplitude is determined by the maximum positive and negative rectifier output voltage (@ = 0 and = ) rather than the rated machine voltage. What are the torque, speed, machine shaft power, and phase control angle at the four corners of the operating envelope? (Hint: Do not be surprised if P does not equal the rated machine power (2 hp = 1492 W))

Upper left Upper right Lower left Lower right

T = ________ Nm T = ________ Nm T = ________ Nm T = ________ Nm

= ________ rad/s P = ________ W = ________ rad/s P = ________ W = ________ rad/s P = ________ W = ________ rad/s P = ________ W

= _______ rad = _______ rad = _______ rad = _______ rad

b) Assume that a second identical single-phase thyristor bridge is added in anti-parallel as shown in Fig. 2.11-1 on p. 74. Plot the complete operating envelope (i.e., capability curve) of the drive systems torque-speed operating capabilities on a set of T- axes, assuming that the field flux is still constant at its rated value. What are the torque, speed, machine shaft power, and phase control angle at the four corners of the operating envelope?

Upper left Upper right Lower left Lower right

T = ________ Nm T = ________ Nm T = ________ Nm T = ________ Nm

= ________ rad/s P = ________ W = ________ rad/s P = ________ W = ________ rad/s P = ________ W = ________ rad/s P = ________ W 1

= _______ rad = _______ rad = _______ rad = _______ rad

ECE 411 - Introduction to Electric Drives - Fall 2011

c) Replot the complete operating envelope in part b) with a dual anti-parallel thyristor bridge converter assuming that the field can be weakened. What is the maximum value of torque that can be achieved at the speed extremes of -2000 rpm (=-209.4 rad/s) and +2000 rpm (=+209.4 rad/s), and what are the corresponding values of machine output power P, machine torque-per-Amp constant K and control phase angle ? = +2000 rpm Positive torque: T = _______ Nm K = ________ Nm/A P = _________ W = _______ rad K = ________ Nm/A P = _________ W = _______ rad

Negative torque: T = _______ Nm = - 2000 rpm Positive torque: T = _______ Nm

K = ________ Nm/A P = _________ W = _______ rad K = ________ Nm/A P = _________ W = _______ rad

Negative torque: T = _______ Nm

d) Consider the same 2 hp machine as in part a), replacing the single-phase bridge with a three-phase version as shown in Fig. 2.9-8. Again assume infinite output inductance and constant field flux at its rated value. If the amplitude of the input ac voltage is 210 Vrms line-to-line and the maximum thyristor current is still 10 A, determine the new outer boundary of the drives torque-speed operating capabilities, assuming that the phase control angle can vary from 0 to radians. What are the torque, speed, and phase control angle at the four corners of the capability curve? Upper left Upper right Lower left Lower right = _____________ Nm = _____________ rad/s = ____________ rad = _____________ Nm = _____________ rad/s = ____________ rad = _____________ Nm = _____________ rad/s = ____________ rad = _____________ Nm = _____________ rad/s = ____________ rad

ECE 411 - Introduction to Electric Drives - Fall 2011

2. Induction Machine Steady-State Operating Characteristics A 3-phase 10 hp, 220 V rms (l-l), 60 Hz, 4-pole induction machine has the following equivalent circuit parameters (see Fig. 3.5-1 on pg. 88): X = 3.24 = 39.6 r = r1 = 1.9 r2 = 0.93 X1 2 = 1.36 Xm m For operation at rated voltage and frequency with 3% slip (S=0.03), calculate the steady-state values for the machine output torque T, rotor speed rm in [mech. rad/s], mechanical output power Po, stator current I1, input power factor cos , total stator copper losses 3I12r1, total rotor resistive losses 3I22r2, and efficiency. Po 100% + 3I Po 12R1 22R2 Plot the torque-speed curve for values of slip S between 1.0 and -1.0 on a set of T-rm axes, with torque T on the y-axis [in N-m] and speed rm on the x-axis [in mech rad/s]. Ignore iron losses (rm = ) and friction and windage losses so that: Effic. =
+ 3I

T = ___________ N-m rm = _________ mech rad/s Po = ___________ kW I1 = ___________ A rms cos = _________ 3I12r1 = ___________ kW 3I22r2 = ___________ kW Effic. = ___________ %